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FIGURE 1: Growth factors released by tenocytes in response to local stimuli modulate signaling events that lead to gene expression and protein
synthesis. Collagens and proteoglycans are components of the ECM critical to tendinogenesis. The triple helical collagen molecules form
microbrils that are bundled together to attain macroscopic structures (collagen bers) with a crimped pattern. These bundles give rise to a
higher-order structure (fascicles) that constitute tendons. A loose connective tissue sheath that is rich in blood vessels and has a nerve supply
encloses each ber bundle and tendon.
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Proliferative
Remodeling
Activity
Growth Factor
8082
IGF-1
TGF-42,8386
PDGF56,87,88
VEGF, bFGF6163,8992
IGF-1 and PDGF, TGF-, bFGF,
GDF-5, -6, and -76870,72,74
IGF-1 and PDGF, bFGF
TGF-, bFGF
TGF-, GDF-5, -6, and -7
IGF-1
TGF-
TGF-, GDF-5, -6, and -7
*Tendon repair phases with biological characteristics and ensuing molecular events that are regulated by several cytokines or growth factors.
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