Renewable Energy Technologies in Power

Generation

An Introduction ppt
- Saurabh Mehta

Contents
Introduction
Wind Energy
Solar Energy

Contents
Introduction
Wind Energy
Solar Energy

Introduction
Renewable Energy any sustainable energy source that comes from

natural environment.

Some Aspects of Renewable Energy

It exists perpetually and in abundant in the environment

Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible

It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels

energy that is derived from natural process that are replenished

constantly -- defined by the RENEWABLE ENERGY WORKING PARTY
of the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Introduction

Contribution of Renewable Energy in World Electricity Production

Introduction

Major Renewable Energy Sources

Hydro Energy

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Biomass Energy

Tidal Energy

Geothermal Energy

Wave Energy

Bio-fuel

Bagasse

Present Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy Sources

in India

Renewable Energy Source

Present Installed Capacity

Wind

10200 MW

Small Hydro

2100 MW

Bagasse

750 MW

Biomass

620 MW

Solar

2 MW
Total RE Installed Capacity 13672 MW
Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources (MNRE)

Introduction
Solar Panels

Wind Turbine Generators

Contents
Introduction
Wind Energy
Solar Energy

Wind Energy - Technology

Differential heating of the earths surface

and atmosphere induces vertical and
horizontal air currents that are affected by
the earths rotation and contours of the
land and generates WIND.

A wind turbine obtains its power input by

converting the force of the wind into a
torque (turning force) acting on the rotor
blades.

The amount of energy which the wind

transfers to the rotor depends on the
density of the air, the rotor area, and the
wind speed.

PLF of Wind Farm is normally in the range

of 20 % to 30% depending upon the site
conditions and WTG rating.

P Power

P = 0.5 X X A X V3

Air Density (kg/m3)

A Blade Area -turbine (m2)
V Wind velocity (m/s)

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Wind Energy - Technology

Major Components of Wind Turbine

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Wind Energy Present Scenario

Wind Power Fastest growing renewable

energy source
Globally, it grew at the average rate of 27
% pa over the past 10 years.
While in India it grew at the average rate of
33% over the past 9 years.
Presently, India is ranked 4th in the world
in terms of Wind Energy Installed Capacity
Drivers of growth
Environmental Awareness and
Sustainable Development
Growing Global Energy Demand
Improving Competitiveness of
renewable energy
Security of Supply Concerns
New Markets (e.g. India, China etc)
Carbon Trading
Fiscal Benefits by Govt. (PTC, feed in
tariffs, etc)

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Contents
Introduction
Wind Energy
Solar Energy

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Solar Energy - Technology

Solar power is by far the Earth's most available energy source, easily capable of providing
many times the total current energy demand.

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.

Two main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity.

Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)

Photovoltaic Plants (PV)

CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very successful in decentralized applications,
whereas CSP offers advantages for central and large-scale applications. CSP power plants
are the most cost-efficient way to generate and to store dispatch able CO2-free electricity.
However, there is no competition between both. Rather, they have to be seen as
complementary technologies.

PLF of CSP In the range of 20 % to 30 %

PLF of PV In the range of 15 % to 20 %

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Solar Energy - Technology

Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant

(CSP)
It contains;
Collector Field
Turbine
Generator
Cooling Tower
Transformer
Courtesy: ESP Solar

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Solar Energy - Technology

Solar Photovoltaic Plants (PV)

It contains;
Solar Arrays
Inverter
Transformer

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Solar Energy - Technology

In both CSP and PV technologies, solar resources plays major role.

Maps are available to calculate solar resource of a particular region. However, for both CSP
and PV technologies different solar radiations are taken into account.
Basically two types of solar radiations are there;
Global Horizontal irradiations (GHI)
Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)
For PV technologies GHI is considered. GHI
consists of diffuse radiations and direct
horizontal radiations (beam).
Minimum GHI 1000 kwh/m2 pa
For CSP, DNI is considered. DNI
is the amount of radiation received by
a surface which is permanently aligned
perpendicular to the incoming beam.
Minimum DNI 1900 kwh/m2 pa

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Solar Energy - Technology

A typical GHI irradiation Map for
India which is used to find a
feasible site for PV Plant.

A typical DNI irradiation Map for

India which is used to find a
feasible site for CSP Plant.
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Solar Energy Current Scenario

The total installed capacity of solar

power (Both CSP and PV) as of 2008
is 2826 MW.

In India the total installed capacity of

solar power is around 2 MW.

In India, various government and

private players have entered into
CSP and PV markets.

MNRE has set a target to establish at

least 50 MW of solar projects during
the 11th plan.

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