SECTION : SOUTHWATERFRONT SOFT LANDSCAPING SPECIFICATIONS

DETAIL DESIGN 15/01/2013

INDEX

1.

GENERAL

1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.1.7
1.1.8
1.1.9
1.1.10
1.1.11
1.1.12
1.1.13
1.1.14
1.1.15
1.1.16
1.1.17
1.1.18
1.1.19
1.1.20
1.1.21

Scope
Related Sections
References
Definitions
Submittals
Sample submittals
Quality Assurance
Transportation, Storage, and handling of plants
Landscape Contractors experience requirements
Project Conditions
Warranty
Acceptance
Plant Schedule
Plants Inspection
Planting Season
Plant holding area
Rubbish
Oil and Petrol Storage
Approved Chemicals
Existing Services
Post Tender Submission

2.

MATERIALS

2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.1.12
2.1.13
2.1.14
2.1.15
2.1.16
2.1.17
2.1.18
2.1.19
2.1.20
2.1.21
2.1.22

General
Plant material general quality standards
Trees general quality standards
Turf Carpet Lawn Grass
Annual Plants
Anti-Desiccant
Planting Soil Substrate and Structural Soil Mixture
Soil mixes
Sweet Sand / Dune Sand
Soil Conditioners (see 2.1.11)
Organic Compost
Fertiliser
Soil moisture amendments
Drainage Layer
Root control barriers
Mulch / Decorative Stone finish
Tree Stakes, Plant Supports and anchoring systems
Tree Ties
Lawn Edging Material
Temporary Planting screens
Labels
Irrigation water

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3. WORKMANSHIP
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.1.7
3.1.8
3.1.9
3.1.10
3.1.11
3.1.12
3.1.13
3.1.14
3.1.15
3.1.16
3.1.17
3.1.18
3.1.19
3.1.20
3.1.21
3.1.22
3.1.23
3.1.24
3.1.25
3.1.26
3.1.27
3.1.28
3.1.29
3.1.30
3.1.31
3.1.32
3.1.33
3.1.34
3.1.35
3.1.36
3.1.37
3.1.38
3.1.39
3.1.40
3.1.41
3.1.42
3.1.43
3.1.44
3.1.45
3.1.46

Examinations
Sub surface grading
Finished Grading
Preparation of planting beds
Preparation for Planting
Soil Preparation for Turfing
Planting Sequence
Planting Pits
Planting pits for isolated trees within stone paving
Planting pits in planting blocks
Planting pits in zones with toxic saline waters
Planting Soil
Structural soil mixture for planting in paved areas
Drainage Layer.
Soil Stabilization.
Planting General requirements
Preparation of Ex-ground Stock (Date Palms only)
Plantation of Trees and Shrubs
Palm trees
Shrubs, Grasses and Ground cover
Preparation of lawn turf areas
Turfing
Quality assurance Lawn Turf (SOD)
Completion of Planting
Tree and plant supports
Edging Plant Beds
Mulch
Water quality and availability
Monitoring Planting
Watering Plants
Fertilizing after planting
Pruning
Anti-desiccant Application
Clean Up and Site Restoration
Maintenance during planting operations
Pre-completion care
Maintenance Establishment Period (Defects Liability Period)
Water Consumption
Application of pesticide General Requirements
Plant Establishment and Warranty Period
Plant Maintenance during the Establishment Period
Replacement Plants during the Establishment Period
Lawn Maintenance during Plant Establishment Period
Quality assurance applicable regulations
Defects Liability Period
Final Acceptance

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1.1.1 Scope
Work covered under this section consists of furnishing all labour, equipment and material necessary to
perform all operations required for soft landscape works herein specified.
Landscape planting is inclusive but not limited to finished grading, supplying and spreading of soil, layout
of plants and areas, turfing, seeding and sprigging of new lawns, ground cover plantings, shrub planting,
tree planting, landscape edges, establishment works, landscape warranty, appliances and services
necessary for and incidental to completing all the planting operations in a workmanlike manner, according
to the provisions of the Project Documentation.
The scope of work includes, but is not limited to; providing the labor, equipment, and accessory materials,
for the preparation of all planting areas, the preparation of all lawn areas, the installation and
maintenance of trees, shrubs, groundcovers, and flowering plants and their establishment, protection, and
up-keep during planting operations.
The Contractor shall perform all work directed by the Engineer, hereinafter known as the Client
Representative, or his appointed representative, whether that work is shown in the tender drawings or
not. Work shall be performed on this Project may also include some work outside of the general limits of
construction for this project. Any additional soft landscape works required in conjunction with this Project
outside the original limits of the work shall be considered as being within the scope of the Contract.
The Engineering Contractor shall carry out and be responsible for all initial civil works to allow the Clients
appointed Soft Landscape Works Contractor to execute his works.
All Works by the Civil and other Contractors that relate to the soft landscape works shall be coordinated
with the Client Representative, and Soft Landscape Contractor. Hereinafter the Soft Landscape
Contractor shall be referred to as the Contractor. Removal, rerouting, relocation, or adjustment of any
obstacles to the works of the Contractor, created by others, shall be the responsibility of those others who
shall obtain all necessary permissions, and ensure that any such necessary advance activities are
instigated and completed in adequate time so as to cause no delay or hindrance to the work of the
Contractor. The Contractor shall give the Engineering Works Contractor adequate notice of any
foreseeable hindrance to his Works that have not been addressed. The Engineering Works Contractor
shall be responsible for the removal of any debris or extraneous material within the limits of the
Contractors work area prior to the commencement of the irrigation and soft landscape works.
It shall be the Contractors responsibility to coordinate with the Engineering Works Contractor to schedule
the removal of all debris and extraneous material prior to his own works commencing. The Contractor
shall be responsible for any surface, structural, or operational damage that is caused to existing services,
other existing facilities, or the Engineering Works Contractors works within his area of works during the
implementation of the irrigation and soft landscaping works. The Contractor shall constantly liaise with the
Engineering Works Contractor to ensure avoidance of damage or negligence to works or responsibilities
of the Contractor caused by the Engineering Works Contractor. The Client Representative shall receive a
copy of all notices to the Engineering Works Contractor regarding sensitive interfaces of work. The
drawings provided with the tender documents are for tendering purposes only. The final details of certain
elements, including but not limited to, the planting area layout, and plant numbers, may be subject to
revision, and the Client Representative will supplement the tender drawings as necessary with detailed or
revised drawings during the Contract Period. All work shall be executed in accordance with the detailed
drawings provided by the Client Representative and approved shop drawings if required. The Contractor
shall not make any claim for additional works, extension of time or similar claim due to these revisions.
The costs shall be covered by the appropriate rates. Anticipated approximate quantities and items of work
required for this project have been included in the Bills of Quantities. Payment will be made only for work
actually performed. Said work will be measured and paid for under appropriate items of the Bills of
Quantities, in accordance with the various requirements of the respective specifications.

1.1.2 Related Sections

Related Sections of Specifications are as follows:
Roadworks
Paved and cycle path structures
Hard landscaping
External Works
Landscape Irrigation System
1.1.3 References
The following standards apply to this Contract:
BS1377
Method of test of soils for civil engineering purposes
BS 3936 - 1: 1992
Nursery stock Specifications for trees and shrubs
BS 3936 - 7: 1989
Nursery stock Specification for bedding plants
BS 3936 - 9: 1998
Nursery stock Specification for bulbs, corms & tubers
BS 3936 -10:1990
Nursery stock Specification for groundcover plants
BS 3998:1989
Recommendations for tree work
BS 4043:1989
Transplanting root-balled trees
BS 4428:1989
Code for general landscape operations
BS 4429
Lawn Grass
ISO 9000
Quality management systems
BS 5837 : 1991
Trees in Relation to Construction
NATSPEC 0253
Landscape Plants and 0255 Trees Supply.
1.1.4 Definitions
Ex-ground stock shall mean plants taken or transplanted from in ground growing conditions. These are
not grown in containers or bags and not stored in the on-site storage facility. i.e. Large Palms.
Potting-on shall mean transplanting from pot, container or bag, the various plants into containers that
are the next logical size larger than the size scheduled.

1.1.5 Submittals
The Contractor shall submit catalogue data and literature of manufacturers and suppliers.
The Contractor shall submit manufacturers certified analysis of all products, including but not limited to
sweet soil, fertilizers, water saving additive, soil conditioner, compost, planting mixture, seed, inorganic
and organic mulches and pesticides tested for this Project with appropriate recent date. The certificate of
origin for all chemicals and pesticides should clearly state that the product is used in the manufacturers
country.
The Contractor shall submit certificates confirming the origin, size, age of all plant materials and that the
same are free from insects and disease.
The Contractor shall submit for approval a Plant Procurement Schedule within fourteen (14) days of the
start of the Works. This schedule shall identify the source of every plant species to be included in the
Works and highlight plants that must be imported due to non-availability in Qatar. The schedule shall be
documented with the names and locations of all nurseries, growers and plant material sources.
The Contractor shall submit a weekly work schedule for approval before work is started. The schedule
shall identify tasks to be completed on a weekly basis and the scheduled date for completing the tasks.
The Contractor will then modify and submit the schedule on a weekly basis identifying tasks completed,
tasks to be completed, problems encountered and recommendations
A soil analysis report is to be submitted by the Contractor for all soils to be used for landscaping
purposes in the Works. The Contractor shall arrange for an approved independent analyst to prepare a
physical and chemical analysis of the soil and irrigation water to be used. The analyst shall also provide
recommendations on soil amendment, fertiliser application and the like. The report shall be submitted to
the Engineer for approval before soil is delivered to site. The soil source shall be inspected and approved
prior to shipment commencing. The source shall not be changed without the Engineers prior written
approval. The report shall identify the source(s) from which imported soils are to be furnished. At a
minimum, the soil shall be analysed for:
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

total salts and electro-conductivity of soil solution, unit

soil pH, unit
exchangeable sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium, unit
available phosphates, unit
organic matter as a percentage, unit
available zinc, manganese, iron and boron, unit
total sulphates, unit

The soil analysis shall also include fertilisers and other amendment requirements and quantities which
when incorporated with the soil will provide the required nutrient levels for healthy plant growth.
Additional soil samples shall be taken at the rate of one in every 20 loads or as directed by the Engineer
and analysed. The results will be compared with the original sample to ensure consistency and
compatibility of supply.
The contractor is to submit his method statement for his fertilizer application for the approval of the
engineer.
Submission of Material for Approval includes but is not limited to the following:
Analysis for Water Saving Additive:
Provide Client Representative the following information seven (7) days prior to receiving written approval
for the request for substitution of a material or product:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Analysis and rates.

Chemical analysis of Material or Product by an approved laboratory.
Test results and evidence that the product is free of polymers certified by an approved laboratory.
Water saving calculations.
Cost and Application rates.
Longevity/ effectiveness life.
Any other technical specification or requirements required by the client.

Analysis for imported Dune Sand:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Provide Client Representative with the Certified Test results for all proposed imported dune sand.
Dune sand test to be conducted by an approved Certified Soil Testing Laboratory.
Test dune sand for chemical content.
Provide Client Representative with recommendations for modifying any soil deemed unsuitable for
proposed plant material.
Results and recommendations are to be discussed with Client Representative prior to approval for
use of imported dune sand.
Comply with Municipal Codes for approval of dune sand prior to site delivery.
Analysis for Soil Additives:

Provide Client Representative with the Certified Test results for all proposed soil additives. Do not use
any additive that will be harmful to plant material. Receive approval before use.
Manufacturers Literature Provide Client Representative with manufacturers literature and labelling for
all moisture retention additives, fertilizer, pesticides, anti-desiccants or any other products proposed for
use. Ensure and document for the Client Representative that none of these products are harmful to the
health of people or plant growth.
Alert Client Representative of any unusual manufacturers recommendations or adverse consequences to
any proposed product or procedure.
A schedule is required to be provided to the Client Representative prior to works starting. It should
show the program of implementation for each type of landscape work. Submit planting plans and
schedules with documentation of plant types and sizes, together with anticipated dates for each type of
planting for approval.

- As-Built-Drawings as determined necessary by the Client Representative of Records.

- Keep as-built-files current. Submit electronic files of as-built- drawings at intervals as required and
approved by the Client Representative.
- Provide complete and accurate electronic as-built-drawing files at the conclusion of the job as approved
by the Client Representative.
- Recommended Maintenance Procedures
- Provide one paper binder and one electronic file of recommended Landscape Establishment procedures
to the Client Representative 20 days prior to end of Consolidation Period.
- Obtain written approval from the Client Representative.
1.1.6 Sample submittals
The Contractor shall provide the following:
Soil The Contractor shall provide the Client Representative with a 1 Kg sample of each type of imported
soil proposed for the site. The Contractor shall also keep as a record his own sample for comparison as
determined necessary by the Client Representative. Each type is to be labelled and accompanied by its
soil analysis by an approved laboratory. Each sample shall be clearly marked and documented. The
Contractor shall obtain written approval before using proceeding to backfilling, grading, or planting
operations.
Manufactured Additives The Contractor shall provide the Client Representative with samples of all
additives to be used on the job. Labels and literature shall be provided necessary to identify such material
from each batch of materials. Material shall be accompanied with test results if required.
Soil Amendments - The Contractor shall provide the Client Representative with 1kg samples of all soil
amendments accompanied by their chemical test results and proposed quantity ratio. Approval shall be
obtained from the Client Representative of material and quantity ratios before amending soil.
Modified Soil with Amendments - The Contractor shall provide the Client Representative with a 1 Kg
sample of modified planting soil. This soil shall be modified as per recommendations of the soil testing
laboratory and approved by the Client Representative.
1.1.7 Quality Assurance
Landscape work shall be undertaken by an experienced Contractor specialising in landscape work. Work
shall be performed and supervised at all times by appropriately qualified personnel approved by the
Engineer.
All landscape materials shall be shipped with certificates of inspection as required by the Engineer.
Manufacturers certified analysis for standard packaged products shall be provided.

Sampling and Testing

Sampling and Testing shall be performed at no additional cost to the Client. Tests shall be performed in
sufficient number to ensure that materials and performance meet the specified requirements.
Unless accompanied by certification from an international standards organization approved by the Client
Representative, representative samples of materials shall be tested in an approved commercial testing
laboratory subject to approval.
Samples for testing shall be collected as approved by the Client Representative and each sample divided
in two parts, one part submitted to the Client Representative, and the other part submitted for testing.
Copies of test results shall be submitted to the Client Representative for approval.

Quality Control
Proposed work method statements for all activities as required by the Engineer shall be submitted for
approval prior to commencing each section of work. The statements shall detail proposed sequence of
work, construction methodology, techniques, proposed equipment, storage, temporary works, safety
measures, and hold points, testing frequency and document control and any other information requested
by the Clients Representative.
The detailed program schedule shall cover all the related works including, plant holding area locations,
setting out and construction, plant delivery, inspection and approval of plants, and temporary irrigation
program.
Hold & Witness Points:
Completion of further follow up works shall not proceed until the following has been inspected and
approved in writing by the Client Representative:
1.

Submission of construction works programme.

2.

Monthly progress report.

3.

Approval of all samples & materials.

4.

Excavated landscape areas.

5.

Fill, Compact, and grade soil fill for landscape areas prior to mixing of amendments.

6.

Setting out of planting areas and pits prior to excavation.

7.

Excavated pits and percolation tests prior to planting.

8.

All Plant stock in the nursery prior to transportation.

9.

Tension and alignment of Irrigation drip lines prior to shrub and groundcover planting.

10.

Placement of decorative stone treatments in designated areas prior to laying geo-textile and any
dredging or placing stone.

11.

Refer to Irrigation System Section of the Specifications.

12.

Landscape Maintenance Manual.

1.1.8 Transportation, Storage, and handling of plants

Shipping and Delivery

All plant material shall be inspected at the source nursery and only approved plants and trees shall be
prepared and imported to the Project Site. Prior to shipping all plants shall be inspected, dug, and made
ready for shipping in accordance with standard practices and procedures. The Engineer shall be notified
of the delivery schedule in advance so the plant material may be inspected upon arrival at the Site. All
unacceptable plant material shall be removed from the Site immediately. The Engineer reserves the right
to reject any plant material that does not satisfy the quality requirements of the Project Documentation at
any stage of the Project.
The Contractor shall protect plants to prevent damage to the root balls, containers or desiccation of
leaves. All plant material shall be delivered in closed vehicles. Fertiliser, pesticides, fungicides, chemicals
and seed shall be delivered to the Site in the original unopened containers bearing the manufacturers
guaranteed chemical analysis, name, trade name, or trademark. Fertilisers and seed may also be
delivered in bulk with certificates for each delivery indicating the above information The fertiliser shall be
kept dry and protected from contamination at all times.
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All vegetation shall be shipped by covered truck. Such transportation shall not exceed 24 hours from time
of loading until arrival at the site. The palms shall be transported and handled in the following manner:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)

When the palms are to be shipped, gently place the palm horizontal on a level surface and
tighten the wrapping and tying of frond. At least two layers of burlap must be used.
Wrap the root ball with a minimum of two layers of burlap. Saturate burlap with water and cover.
Water burlap periodically so it remains moist at all times.
Do not damage the growth bud in any manner.
Do not water the trunk of the palm.
Use only sharp tools in cutting and trimming.
The palms shall be hoisted by means of nylon or canvas slings and placed horizontally on the
bed of the truck. They shall be laid carefully in an alternating fashion. Moist burlap shall be
placed over the roots to keep them moist.
The entire load shall be covered snugly with two layers of tarpaulin.
The palms shall be secured in such a manner so as to prevent wind from lifting the tarpaulin and
drying the palms.
The palms shall be unloaded using nylon or canvas slings.
Trim the roots with a sharp knife before planting at the project site the remaining root should be
approximately 150mm long of living tissue. Care shall be taken so that the root ball is planted
intact Damaged palms shall be replaced at the Contractors own expense.

Storage
Plants shall be installed as soon as possible after delivery to the Site. Plant material shall be protected
from exposure to wind and direct sunlight prior to installation. Plants not installed on the day of arrival
shall be stored in shaded areas, protected from the wind and maintained and watered to good
horticultural standards. Care shall be taken to ensure that the plants do not dry out. No plant shall be
stored on site for more than 3 days prior to planting.
Root balled and container grown palms, trees and other plants shall be placed close together with root
balls covered with approved soil, hessian or straw and kept moist until planted.
Bare rooted palms, shall be heeled into prepared trenches and covered with agricultural soil and kept
moist until planted.
Seed and fertilisers shall be kept in dry storage away from contaminants in areas approved by the
Engineer. All seed containers shall show clearly the germination and the purity percentages and date of
production
Fertilisers, anti-desiccants, pesticides and other chemicals shall be delivered to the Site in the
manufacturers unopened containers, each fully labelled, conforming to applicable regulations and
bearing the trade name and warranty of the producer. All products remain the responsibility of the
Contractor when stored by the Contractor on-site. Soil, compost, fertilisers and other ameliorants after
delivery to the Site shall be stored separately in approved locations and in a manner that avoids
contamination and wetting until soil mixing operations commence.

Plant Handling
Care shall be taken to avoid injury to plants. Materials shall not be dropped from vehicles. Balled and
burlapped palms shall be handled carefully to avoid cracking or breaking the earth ball. Container grown
plants shall be handled by the container. Plants shall not be handled by the trunk or stem.
Chemicals shall be stored in a manner to avoid cross contamination. No measuring, mixing or work of any
kind shall be permitted within storage areas.
All site storage areas shall be shaded at all times. Precautions shall be taken to protect items sensitive to
sunlight or heat prior to placement.
Plant material shall be lifted or moved in such a manner that the roots are not disturbed.
Root systems of all plants shall not to be allowed to dry out at any time and shall not be exposed to
excessive or artificial heat or to freezing temperatures.
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During transportation all plants are to be packed adequately to ensure protection from climatic or physical
injuries. Tarpaulins or other covers shall be used when plants are transported by trucks. All plants shall
be treated with anti-desiccant 48 hours prior to transportation. The Contractor shall strictly adhere to the
manufacturers recommendations for the application of the anti-desiccant.
Immediately prior to lifting, palm trees shall have their fronds reduced in length by 30%, sprayed with antidesiccant and tied up with 3 layers of hessian burlap to enclose the growing tip. The Contractor shall
ensure the hessian burlap is removed not earlier than 45 days and only when the first fresh growing tip of
the central frond has been observed. Root pruning at time of removal from the nursery shall not be
permitted and the root ball shall be protected with three layers of hessian tied up with wire and kept moist
constantly with wet soil, straw or other suitable material.
Plant Replacements in Temporary Holding Areas
The Contractor will be required to replace at his own expense, plant material that does not grow and/or
fails to thrive while in the site nursery or holding area. All plants that show signs of failure to grow at any
time, as determined by the Engineer, shall be removed and replaced. The engineer will inspect the
nursery growing grounds once a week or at longer intervals, at his discretion and will mark or indicate the
plants to be replaced. Any plant requiring replacement shall be replaced with a healthy plant of equal size
age and species as the plant found unsuitable would have been at the date of replacement. Removal,
transportation and replacement of the plants shall be carried out by the Contractor at no cost to the
Contract
1.1.9 Landscape Contractors experience requirements
The works described in this section shall be executed by a landscape contracting firm that can
demonstrate extensive experience and successful completion of large scale projects or is currently
actively engaged in constructing and maintaining similar landscape projects in the UAE. The site engineer
in-charge of the works shall have at least 10 years of landscape construction experience on large scale
projects. The curriculum vita (CV) of all senior staff is to be approved by the Client Representative. The
Contractor shall notify the Client Representative in writing for any temporary or permanent replacements
of the Contractors personnel
1.1.10 Project Conditions
The Contractor shall be responsible to verify with the Client Representative and local authorities the
location of buried utilities and other services that have been identified during installation and confirmed by
investigation prior to beginning work. The contractor is required to install root barriers where deemed
necessary by the Client Representative
The Contractor shall stop work and immediately notify the Client Representative if any damage occurs to
the existing utilities.
The Contractor is responsible for the repair and compensation for damages caused by work in this
section to existing utilities, structures, or other site features at no cost to the Client. Any such repair or
compensation shall be as directed by the Client Representative in writing.
The Contractor shall proceed with and complete planting operations as rapidly as possible as portions of
the Site become available, working within seasonal limitations for each type of soft landscape works
required.
No planting shall be carried out during periods of heavy rain, sandstorms, strong winds, or during intense
daytime heat. Plants and trees shall only be moved or planted between mid September and mid May.
When special conditions warrant a variance to the planting time and conditions, a proposed planting
schedule shall be submitted to the Engineer for review and approval. In such cases, the planting will be
installed at no additional cost and all conditions and obligations such as maintenance and warranty
remain the same as specified herein.

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1.1.11 Warranty
The Contractor shall warrant that all the plant material will be in a good condition for a minimum period of
365 calendar days from the day of acceptance. All plants shall maintain a healthy and vigorous growth
condition during the initial growth year or be replaced at the direction of and at no additional cost to the
Client Representative. The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining written acceptance of work and
shall submit warranty periods to the Client Representative for approval.
1.1.12 Acceptance
The Contractor shall obtain in writing the date of acceptance of designated planted areas. These areas
shall be determined by the Client Representative. Acceptance is constituted by all plants in place and
areas of turf established by 95% cover.
1.1.13 Plant Schedule
The Contractor shall be responsible to use plant species and quantities as indicated on the Plant
Schedule on the Soft Landscape drawings and the spacing and plant densities shown. In the event there
is a discrepancy on plant type or plant quantity, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Client
Representative.

1.1.14 Plants Inspection

It is the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that planting operations follow the General Planting
Specification. The Contractor is obliged to notify the Client Representative in the event that plant
materials do not meet specified requirements including but not limited to root development, height,
diameter, and type. In the event that work by others is directly impacting the advancement of work by the
Contractor, he shall notify the Client Representative in writing and shall work diligently with all parties to
correct the situation.
1.1.15 Planting Season
All work shall be carried out during the appropriate season and in weather conditions suitable for the
operation. In general, planting shall not be carried out during periods of extreme heat stress without the
specific approval of the Client Representative. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain
written permission from the Client Representative for planting operations above temperature of 35
degrees Celsius and during the months of May through September. The Contractor shall exercise sound
judgement for planting during all other times. The Contractor shall remain responsible for all plant
mortalities during the first year from the day of acceptance of initial handover regardless of the period of
planting. He shall organize his programme accordingly to meet the planting schedule as required by the
Client Representative.
1.1.16 Plant holding area
The Contractor shall establish and maintain a suitable holding area on or adjacent to the site within the
first month of the contract period. This area shall be protected from construction works, protected from
sun and wind, and provided with an adequate supply of irrigation water. Plants shall be held in the holding
area for a maximum of three days. The Contractor is responsible to obtain written approval from the Client
Representative for the location, size, and holding structure composition. No plants shall be stored
anywhere on site except in the holding area. The Contractor shall only deliver to site the estimated
quantity of plants which can be installed the same day. All materials to be used in the landscape work
and stored at the Contractors yard shall be kept shaded, covered, and protected. In particular, any
plants held for imminent planting shall be kept in a shade area covered by a standard shade netting with
a 60% shade rating manufactured for plant nursery applications, sheltered from the direct sun and drying
winds, and shall be watered regularly. If any trees or plants have to be held for longer than twelve hours
before planting, they shall be heeled-in in trenches which shall be kept moist at all times. The Contractor
shall program his works to minimize the period that plants are maintained in the holding area before
planting out at the site.

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1.1.17 Rubbish
The site shall kept in a clean and tidy condition with all driveways, paths, edges, kerb gutters and gullies
swept and kept clear of debris at all times. All rubbish and litter generated by the landscape works shall
be containerized and removed from the site daily to an approved dumping area.
1.1.18 Oil and Petrol Storage
All oil and petrol containers shall be kept in suitable sheds provided by the Contractor. All environmental
regulations per the local Government requirements concerning the storage of flammable liquids shall be
adhered to.
If spillage occurs, spills shall be contained as per local environmental regulations. All contaminated soil
shall be dug up until uncontaminated ground is reached and contaminated material removed from site to
a local authority approved dumping site. All contaminated areas are to be reinstated to their original
condition or restored as directed by the Client Representative.
1.1.19 Approved Chemicals
Only chemicals approved and listed by the local authority or Ministry of Agriculture shall be used. All
chemicals shall be biodegradable, non-toxic to human beings, birds and animals, and subject to the
approval of the Client Representative. The Contractor is responsible for ensuring that all chemicals are
stored separately, handled and supplied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's printed
instructions.

1.1.20 Existing Services

The Contractor shall determine the location of all existing underground services prior to commencing
excavation works. In the event he is unable to do so, he shall inform the Client Representative 24 hours
in advance of his intention to excavate. The Contractor shall assume all responsibility for the repair of any
damaged work. Any works located in confined spaces around existing trees or in the vicinity of major
utility services shall be executed by hand at no additional cost to the Contract.
1.1.21 Post Tender Submission
The Post-Tender submissions shall be required for submission by the Contractor prior to the
Commencement of work. These submissions include but are not limited to:
1.

Proposed Methodology Statement for this Project.

2.

Forecast Schedule of Pest Control Disease Preventative Programme and Liquid Fertilisation
Spraying Program.

3.

Summary of Irrigation Water Schedule.

4.

Fertilization Guide.

5.

Monthly Maintenance Schedule.

6.

Air root pruning Containers Manufacturers Catalogue.

7.

Warranty and Guarantee Certificates.

12

2. MATERIALS

2.1.1 General
All plant material will conform to the varieties specified or shown in the Project Documentation and shall
be true to the botanical name as listed in publications.
Substitutions shall only be made when a plant (or alternative as specified) is not obtainable and the
Engineer authorises a change order providing for use of the nearest equivalent obtainable or suitable
approved alternative.
Plants shall be supplied from localities similar to the climatic conditions of the Project.

2.1.2 Plant material general quality standards

Only nursery grown plants shall be provided except for Date palms.
Plants to be used in the Works shall be well-formed and branched planting stock. They shall be sound,
vigorous and free from disease, sunburn, windburn, abrasions, harmful insects or their eggs, and have a
normal healthy and non-broken root system.
Trees shall be a single trunk with a single leader, unless otherwise indicated, and display no weak
crotches.
Trees and shrubs shall be symmetrical with uniform habit and shall be free from disfigurement.
Groundcover plants and vines shall be provided with the number and length of runners for the size
specified.
Trees shall be container grown.
Shrubs, creepers and ground cover plants shall be supplied well established in removable containers.
Plants grown in air root pruning containers (e.g. Rocket Pot) are preferred as they produce a better root
system and the trees have a thicker calliper and more balanced super structure. Plants grown with this
system establish in much less time than plants grown in standard containers.
Palms shall have straight parallel sides and healthy stems that are not rotted, infected or eaten by pests
or with root systems extending above the level at which the palm was originally planted. Palms should
have a vigorous root system, a crown of new leaves, leaves the colour of an adult palm and proper
hardiness. Palms shall be balled and burlapped unless container grown palms are available. Off shoots
are not acceptable.
The digging and lifting of Date Palms shall take place in accordance with the following procedure:
(a
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

remove all suckers, all flowering and fruiting parts and approximately 30 % of the fronds
trim remaining fronds to 65 % of original length, lift fronds to enclose and protect the growing tip.
Wrap in burlap cloth and securely tie in place
Saturate the entire root ball with water prior to excavation
Dig with hand tools a vertical sided trench to a minimum depth of 750 mm, cleanly
cutting roots no closer than 250 mm from the stem
Under cut roots and carefully lift tree, avoiding any shock which may damage leaf
Heart
Wrap root ball with burlap and secure with wire mesh to contain soil and retain
maximum soil moisture.

The minimum acceptable sizes of all plants measured before pruning in normal position shall conform to
the measurements specified in the Project Documentation. Plants larger in size than specified may be
used with the approval of the Engineer, at no extra cost.
Container grown trees, shrubs, groundcover and vines shall have sufficient root growth to hold the earth
intact when removed from the containers, but shall not be pot bound. Containers shall be sufficiently rigid
to hold ball shape and protect root mass during shipping.

13

A plant schedule is to be provided listing the designated plants and following information:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

botanical name
common name
quantity
size
condition
additional pertinent data

Nomenclature of trees and plants shall use the scientific names given in the Standardized plant Names
Joint Committee on Horticulture Nomenclature.
All plants other than container grown trees are to comply with BS 3936 Part 1 and Trees with NATSPEC
0253 Landscape Plants and 0255 Trees Supply Standards.
If specified plants are considered to be unobtainable, submit evidence of non-availability (including names
of all sources contacted) to the Client, together with proposals for use of equivalent plants. Obtain written
approval from the Landscape Architect before making any substitution.
Plants which are provided in pots or other containers and which have been acclimatised to outside
conditions are acceptable provided they are equal in quality to field grown stock and are not pot bound.
Ground cover plants shall be of the species, sizes, and spacing shown on plant materials schedule,
sufficient to cover fully the designated area as shown on drawings.
It is the Contractors responsibility for potting on plants as required to prevent root binding. The Engineer
can reject any plant that is root bound. All costs of potting on will be the Contractors responsibility.
The following applies to all plants. They shall:
A.

Meet or exceed the above standards

B.
Be free of pests and disease including viruses, nematodes, phytophera, scale, mealy bug, red
spider, aphis, white fly and thrips.
C.

Be free of mechanical or insect damage including leaf burn, chewing insects and stem marks.

D.

Be healthy and showing consistent vigour during the growth period.

E.

Be well hardened with consistent even growth typical of the species.

F.
Be correctly and clearly labelled with plant scientific name, size, and production and approval
reference numbers.
G.
Be supplied in approved recyclable containers .e.g. Spring Ring to provide room for root pruning
during root growth.

2.1.3 Trees general quality standards

Trees shall be vigorous, healthy trees that can be easily trained into attractive trees with structurally
strong roots and crowns.
All trees shall be true to type or name as ordered or shown on the plans and are to individually tagged or
tagged in groups by species and cultivar (variety).
All trees shall be healthy, have a form typical for the species or cultivar, be well-rooted, and properly
trained.
The root-balls of all trees shall be moist throughout and their crown is to show no signs of moisture stress.

14

Trees must conform to the following the Tree Sizes Criteria shown below:

Trunk
caliper
(cm)

Minimum
ball
diameter
on field
grown
trees
(cm)

Minimum
root ball
diameter
on
container
grown
trees
(cm)

Minimum
container
size
(Litres)

Minimum
tree
height on
standard
trees

Minimum
tree height
on slower
grown trees

25

400

300

22L

1.5m

1m

50

600

450

88L

2m

1.5m

75

800

500

198L

2.5m

2m

100

1000

750

418L

3m

2.5m

125

1350

900

418L

3.5m

3m

2.1.4 Turf Carpet Lawn Grass

Turf shall be strongly rooted, not less than 2 years old, free of weeds and undesirable grasses.. Only turf
that is capable of vigorous growth and development when laid shall be used. Turf shall be of a uniform
size in width and length. Broken pads or pads with uneven ends will not be acceptable.
Prior to beginning turfing operations, all soil mix shall be in place in accordance with the levels as
specified and the irrigation system shall be completely operational ensuring 100% coverage.
Carpet grass shall be Paspalum vaginatum variety.
Carpet Grass shall be commercially field grown in the same climate as site.
Grass to be laid as carpet grass shall be strongly rooted, two years old, free of weed seed. Certification
shall be provided from the grower.
Carpet grass dimensions shall be cut into sections 300mm x 1200mm X 30mm depth.
Strips shall be rolled immediately upon cutting, palletized and be wrapped for shipment.
Carpet grass strips shall be handled at each stage with care to avoid breakage.
The mowing height limit shall be 38mm to 64mm and the thickness of the soil portion of the carpet grass
shall not exceed 25.4mm or be less than 18mm.
2.1.5 Annual Plants
Annual plants shall be grown in 120mm plastic container pots with a minimum height of 100 mm and shall
have at least 4 flower buds at planting.

2.1.6 Anti-Desiccant
Contractor shall apply an Anti-desiccant to all newly planted trees at the manufacturers recommended
rate. Anti-desiccant shall be an emulsion type, film-forming agent designed to permit transpiration by
retard excessive loss of water from plants

2.1.7 Planting Soil Substrate and Structural Soil Mixture

The planting soil and structural soil mixture shall consist of approved soil, and soil conditioners as
specified in the Project Documentation.
The mixture shall be placed in accordance with the requirements of the trees, shrubs or grass to be
planted. Planting medium for palms, trees, shrubs, and ground cover is to be as per 2.1.8
15

Particular attention is given to tree planting within paved areas. The chosen technical solution is to plant
the trees within a structural soil which will both benefit the aeration of the tree roots and provide a suitable
foundation for the paving.
A variety of structural soil systems are possible therefore prior to commencing works the contractor is
required to provide the Client representative with method and execution statements concerning the
handling and provision of the structural soil. The method and materials must be approved before work
begins. Refer to structural soil specification.
Please refer to appendix 01 for more information concerning structural soil systems Please refers to
structural soil specification chapter 3.1.13 and appendix 01 for more information concerning structural soil
systems.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the procurement, transportation, mixing, placing, mounding and
finished grading. The specified mix shall be strictly controlled over all the grading work.

2.1.8

SOIL MIXES

50cm depth TOPSOIL

Topsoil mix
Dune sand 70%
Limestone no fines aggregate (20mm diam) 20%
Zeoplant plus (includes micorrhyza bacteria) 5%
Organic compost 5%
50 cm depth SUBSTRATE
Substrate mix
Substrate shall underlay sweet soil in accordance with detail drawings and be comprised of
Dune sand
70%
20mm diam no fines aggregate
25%
Zeoplant (not Zeoplant plus for substrate)
5%

2.1.9 Sweet Sand / Dune Sand

Planting soil consists of dune sand mixed with soil conditioner including organic fertilizer composed of
pasteurized compost and inorganic polymer free amendments, thoroughly mixed. Dune sand is to be free
of subsoil, refuse, roots, noxious weeds, phytotoxic materials, rocks, sticks, brush, litter, construction
debris or any other materials deleterious to plant growth. It is to be free draining, non-toxic and capable of
sustaining healthy plant growth with the specified additives. Dune sand shall be extracted to a maximum
depth of 500mm. All dune sand must be obtained at a location approved by the Engineer. The contractor
shall be responsible for any payments that may be due in acquiring such material and its delivery to site.
Any dune sand shall be immediately removed from site that does not meet specifications or is
insufficiently clean. All dune sand is to be imported from designated areas approved by the Client
Representative prior to removal at source.
- Soil may be stored in stockpiles less than 1 metre high. Piles shall be protected from undue compaction
and maintained free of contamination and construction debris.
The soil shall comply with the following chemical criteria:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

pH value:
electro-conductivity:
Free carbonates:
Chlorides:
Sulphates:
Exchangeable sodium:
Boron:

not less than 7.0 nor more than 8.0

o
less than 4 mm mhos/cm saturated extract at 25 C
less than 0.5 % air dried.
less than 200 ppm in saturated extract.
less than 200 ppm in saturated extract.
less than 15 % in neutral normal ammonium acetate.
less than 1.5 ppm, hot water soluble.

16

The soil shall comply with the grading criteria in table 1.1:
Sieve Size (mm)

% by Mass Passing

2.380

100

1.180

45 to 98

0.600

35 to 80

0.300

5 to 48

0.150

0 to 15

0.075

0 to 3

Table 1.1 Grading Criteria

2.1.10 Soil Conditioners (see 2.1.11)

2.1.11 Organic Compost

Organic Fertilizers (Compost/Humus).
The Contractor shall supply local factory produced organic compost for general planting from a source
approved by the Client Representative. It shall be pasteurized and free of weeds, weed seeds, harmful
bacteria, fungus, nematodes, and other harmful microorganisms and diseases. It shall be composted fully
and shall be rich in humus/organic matter, not less than 50%. It shall contain the primary and secondary
elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, not less than 50% and minimum 800 to 1200
ppm of the trace elements iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and boron. It shall be capable of retaining
moisture up to 25% to 30% of its weight.
2.1.12 Fertiliser
Fertiliser shall be commercial grade and uniform in composition.
Containers of slow release fertiliser shall bear the manufacturers guaranteed statement of analysis.
Granular fertiliser for trees and shrubs shall consist of, by percentage by weight, 5 % nitrogen (N), 10 %
available phosphoric acid (P) and 5 % potassium (K) plus trace elements.
Controlled release fertiliser shall consist of, by percentage by weight, 5 % nitrogen (N), 10 % available
phosphoric acid (P) and 5 % potassium (K). Control released fertiliser may be in packet or tablet form.
Inorganic fertilisers require prior approval and must be non-toxic to humans, birds, and animals under
normal use.
Organic fertilizer for shrubs and trees, and all grassed areas shall be a slow release Compound fertilizer:
N12 -P 6-K 8 + S + Fe+ trace elements with the maximum of 55% of organic matter. The Contractor shall
supply a local factory produced slow-release fertilizer derived from heat-treated/pasteurized chicken
manure, fish meal, bone meal, seaweed, and amino acids. It shall contain the primary and secondary
elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, not less than 30% and minimum
0.1 to 0.2% trace elements. It shall be in the form of sulphur-coated pellets and capable of retaining
moisture up to 10% of its weight.
Organic Fertilizer shall be furnished in standard 20Kg bags with the name, weight and guaranteed
analysis of the contents clearly marked.
Fertilizer shall be applied at the manufacturers recommended rates.
The method of application shall be submitted by the Contractor for the Client Representative for his
approval.

17

2.1.13 Soil moisture amendments

The soil moisture additive shall be a natural mineral based soil conditioner, Zeoplant Plus or identical
product. The application of the conditioner shall be to the manufacturers recommendations and provided
with a manufacturers guarantee of performance.
No content of synthetic polymers or co-polymers will be allowed. The additive should be as follows:
1.

At least 95 % of the additive should be inorganic (mineral).

2.

Minimum 380 % WHC (Water Holding Capacity) is required.

3.

Minimum 30 Meq/100gr CAC (cationic exchange capacity) is required.

4.

The soil additive shall effectively reduce the consumption of irrigation water by 45%
minimum for a period of at least 5 years.

5.

High content of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and optimal concentration on micro and
elements (Fe, Mn, Mo, B, Zn, Cu) and micorrhiza.

6.

The soil additive shall conform to the following moisture retaining soil additives
properties tables:

trace

Table 1: Moisture retaining soil additive composition

Material

Value

Rhyolitic tuff

80%

Bentonite

18%

natural cellulose compounds

2%

Table 2: Moisture retaining soil additive properties

Property

Value

WHC (Water Holding Capacity)

380% minimum

CEC (Catonic Exchange

Capacity)

30 Meq/100gr minimum

Nutrition Elements
N

1580 mg/kg

693 mg/kg

7200 mg/kg

Ca & Mg

160 meq/kg

Micro and Trace Elements

Fe

1793 ppm

Mn

178 ppm

25 ppm

Mo

1 ppm

Zn

15 ppm

Cu

5 ppm

18

Table 3: Moisture retaining soil additive schedule

palm pits

5% of soil volume

tree pits

5%of soil volume

large shrub pits

5%of soil volume

Small shrub pits

5%of soil volume

groundcover beds

5%of soil volume

grass

5%of soil volume

2.1.14 Drainage Layer

The stone to be used as drainage layer for planting shall have a depth of 150mm unless otherwise
stipulated. Pebble size shall be no fines 25mm to 32mm. The Contractor shall refer to planting detail
drawings for installation.
Where planting is over car parking slab and a drainage complex is already specified this additional
drainage layer is not necessary.
2.1.15 Root control barriers
Where tree pit locations are within1 metre of service corridors and building structures, root control barrier
shall be installed. Contractor shall use ASSETS Root Control Barrier High Density Polythene (HDPE)
membrane, Bio Barrier, or similar approved. Unwanted and invasive root growth shall be restricted
particularly in streetscapes along utility corridors. The root barrier application shall keep the roots out and
the moisture in. This item shall conform to ASTM Standards as listed below:
1.

D-5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of geo-textiles

2.

D-4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of geo-textiles

3.

D-4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of geo-textile geo-membrane and Related
Products

4.

D-4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tear Strength of geo-textiles

5.

D-4491 Test Method for Determining the Apparent Opening Size of a geo-textile

6.

D-4355 Test Method for Deterioration of geo-textiles from Exposure to Ultraviolet

7.

Light and Water (Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus)

8.

This item shall conform to EPA Standards (Reference EPA Label) Registration No. 59823-1

9.

EPA

CG

1500

Water Solubility

10.

EPA

CG

1600

Vapour Pressure

Fibres used in the manufacture of root control barrier substrate fabric shall consist of long chain synthetic
polyolefins (at least 95% by weight) and a UV stabilizer. They shall be formed into a stable network such
that the filaments or yarns retain their dimensional stability relative to each other.
2.1.16 Mulch / Decorative Stone finish
Mulch shall be free of weeds, sticks and other deleterious material.
Inert mulch material shall be crusher run no fines rock, limestone chips.
Stone mulch shall comprise of the following:
Crushed marble or limestone gravel according to matching surrounding pavement finishes. The stone
gravel shall be clean, crushed no fines aggregate, free of organic material and of even colour, washed
free of loam, salt, sand, clay, and other foreign substance, evenly graded from 10 to 20mm.
19

The Contractor shall submit samples of all materials to the Client Representative for approval prior to use.
A sample of 5m shall be prepared not in the permanent works and approved by the Client
Representative prior to commencement of the permanent works. If unsatisfactory, the sample shall be
removed and replaced at the Contractors expense.
The Contractor shall fully coordinate with the Client Representative regarding the extent of the areas to
receive decorative stone.
The natural angular quarry stone surfacing shall conform to the surrounding ground levels, as indicated
on the Drawings or as directed by the Client Representative.
The Contractor shall grade and compact the sub-grade in the areas to receive the natural stone to
required lines and grades as specified.
The natural stone shall be graded to the depths as shown on the Drawings.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the natural angular quarry stones are evenly mixed. They shall be
hand raked to even grades and levels ensuring an even distribution of the larger materials in the surface
finish. In areas of abutment with other landscape materials (e.g., other gravels, sand planting, mulches,
etc) the finish line of the stone shall be a clean sharp edge.
The location and general arrangement of decorative stone shall be as shown on the Drawings. The exact
arrangement shall be to the Client Representative approval and it shall be at the discretion of the Client
Representative to make more than one adjustment to the arrangement of the materials until it is to his
complete satisfaction.
Decorative stone aggregates shall be hard, durable, clean-washed without any fine material and free from
salts, organic material, or other deleterious substances.
The source, shape, finish, and rock type shall be approved by the Client Representative. Any rejected
material shall be removed immediately from the site.

2.1.17 Tree Stakes, Plant Supports and anchoring systems

Stakes for tree support shall be rough sawn wood, free from knots, rot, cross grain, or other defects that
impair the strength. Stakes shall be treated with pentachlorophenol or other approved non-injurious green
preservative.
Stakes for trees shall be de-barked timber, straight, free of knots, splits or other projections, pointed at
one end, lower end to minimum 150mm above grade level shall be treated with non-injurious wood
preservative carried out at least two weeks before stakes are used.
Treated timber is to be of natural timber colour, un painted and un-coloured, painted or coloured wood
shall not be accepted.
Stakes for large trees shall be a minimum of 120 mm by 120 mm by 2,400 mm long and pointed at one
end.
Stakes for smaller trees shall be a minimum of 100 mm by 100 mm by 900 mm long and pointed at one
end.
Hose chafing guards shall be new 2-ply reinforced rubber or plastic hose and shall be of the same colour
for the entire Project. The length of hose chafing guards shall be 1 times the circumference of the plant
at its base.
Flags shall be fastened to the guys and be white surveyors tape.
Tree stakes shall be used for new trees and large shrubs, as per drawings. Stakes are to be sawn timber
treated with an approved preservative approved by the Client Representative and applied by an approved
method.
20

2.1.18 Tree Ties

A rubberized flexible tree tie (black in colour) shall be used to attach tree stake to tree. Ties are to be
manufactured specifically for the purpose of tying trees and are to allow appropriate flexibility and
adjustment as the tree grows.
Ties shall be placed no higher than 1/3 the total height of the plant. Plants with a thin stem requiring
staking at a higher level will be rejected.
Tree Ties shall be approved plastic, adjustable strap type, and rubber hose or neoprene tube,
approximately 20mm in diameter, with rubber or hessian spacer or approved HDPE Chain lock type.
Burlap and hessian wrapping: jute of 0.20 kg/m2 or cloth having same strength and resistance to tearing
and capable of rotting in the ground.
Labels for Plants are to be durable, weatherproof, and to state legibly the correct plant name and size.
Trunk Wrapping Material: double thickness heavy Kraft crepe paper in rolls not less than 100mm wide
with stretch factor of 33%.
Chafing Guards shall be purpose manufactured spacer matching tree tie or two-ply reinforced rubber or
plastic garden hose of uniform colour throughout the work.
Platypus Tree Anchoring Systems shall be installed for all date palms in accordance with manufacturers
directions.

2.1.19 Lawn Edging Material

Where necessary contractor shall install edging restraint in all garden beds as indicated on the drawings
with PermaLoc Structure Edge or approved equal. The material shall be as specified as follows:
- Thickness: 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) x 2-1/4" (57 mm) high, extruded aluminum, 6063 alloy, T6 hardness, for
straight-line and curvilinear applications in corrugated L-shaped profile, as manufactured by PermaLoc
Corporation, Holland MI 49424, telephone (800) 356-9660 or (616) 399- 9600.
- Horizontal base shall have holes spaced 4 inches (102 mm) apart along its length to receive spikes.
- Connection Method: Section ends shall splice together with horizontal 0.060 inch (1.52
inch (25 mm) wide x 4 inches (102 mm) long aluminum sliding connector.

mm) thick x 1

- Anchoring: 3/8 inch x 10 inches (9.5 mm x 254 mm) bright spiral steel spike, use plastic washers if
desired.

2.1.20 Temporary Planting screens

When planting in an exposed position or facing adverse wind conditions during the planting of palms,
trees, and tall shrubs, the Contractor shall provide planting screens until such time as the planting is firmly
established if required by the Client Representative. The screens shall be 1.75 m high with 75% density
plastic or hessian shelter net supported on a galvanized steel circular frame of adequate diameter so that
growth of the plant is not disturbed. The screens shall also be provided to protect plants from any harmful
effects of blown irrigation spray.
All plants, lawn and planted areas must be protected from the ingress of sand and exposure to windblown
sand. Sand barriers shall be erected as and when required and to the approval of the Client
Representative

2.1.21 Labels
Each plant, or group of plants or container of the same species, variety, and size of plant, shall be legibly
tagged in English and botanical names with a durable, waterproof and weather resistant label indicating
the correct plant name and reference number if applicable. Labels shall be securely attached and not
removed until planting is completed
All chemicals shall have clearly marked on them the date of manufacture and date of expiry.
21

2.1.22 Irrigation water

Irrigation water shall be provided by the Contractor from a source approved by the Engineer as being
suitable for irrigation. Water shall be free from substances harmful to plant life. Water sources shall not
exceed the following parameters:
(a)
(b)

pH : 6 to 7
total dissolved solids: less than 1000 ppm

22

3: WORKMANSHIP

3.1.1 Examinations

Site Investigations
Prior to the commencing of any operations the Contractor shall investigate the site to ensure his full
awareness of all the site conditions. The Client Representative shall be notified of any adverse site
conditions. The site conditions shall include but not be limited to:
- The site boundary and/or extent of works.
- Location of all existing services on the site.
- The existing drainage conditions and infrastructure.
- Ground conditions such as existing subsurface rock, existing subsurface water or other
site condition.

adverse

Site Enclosures
Temporary fencing to the boundaries of the site shown on plans shall be installed as required for the
protection of the public and/or to the Contractors site infrastructure and storage areas.
The Contractor shall examine areas to be landscaped for compliance with requirements and conditions
affecting performance of work in this Section. The Contractor shall not proceed with planting operations
until unsatisfactory conditions are rectified and reinstated to the satisfaction of the Clients
Representative.
The Contractor shall determine the location of above grade and underground utilities and perform work in
a manner which will avoid damage to them. Any damage to underground utilities shall be repaired at the
Contractors expense.
When conditions detrimental to plant growth are encountered, such as rubble, adverse drainage or
obstructions, the Contractor shall notify the Clients Representative prior to planting.
The Contractor shall verify that sub-grades are as indicated in the project Documentation prior to carrying
out Works.
Grade stakes shall be maintained until removal of them is mutually agreed upon by all parties concerned.
When grades are encountered that are detrimental to finished grading and planting operations, the
Contractor shall notify the Clients Representative prior to planting.

3.1.2 Sub surface grading

Areas shall be graded to smooth flowing contours with all minor hollows and ridges removed. Rock
projections and boulders shall be removed and disposed of at a location as agreed with the Clients
Representative.
Non-cohesive, light substrate shall be loosened with a 3-tine ripper to a depth of 500 mm at 600 mm
centres. A minimum of 150 mm of dune sand shall be spread uniformly over the loosened area and
incorporated into the substrate to obtain a uniform surface
Where topsoil is to be laid on rocky sub strata, break up and loosen the surface for a minimum depth of
500mm

3.1.3 Finished Grading

Grades shall be brought to the finished ground levels as indicated on the Project Drawings or as agreed
with the Clients Representative. Finished ground levels shall be 30 mm below adjoining paving or kerbs
after compaction and settlement. Grading shall be carried out in such a manner that even gradients are
23

formed between the spot levels indicated on the Project Drawings. No depressions shall remain which
could collect standing water.
Soil Depths as specified shall be obtained by placing layers not greater than 150 mm in thickness.
Works shall be programmed to permit top soiled areas to be irrigated and to settle fully to final level prior
to planting operations.

3.1.4 Preparation of planting beds

Planting soil shall be examined and approved by the Client Representative on-site before placing.
Excavated substrate may be retained and used as fill for landscape works (subject to approval of Client
Representative). Sub-strate used in this manner shall be made free from any builders waste or other
material that might impede or otherwise negatively affect root development. Any deleterious material
removed shall be replaced with approved dune sand.
Grading: Soil shall be placed to achieve tolerances specified for finished level of planting soil, graded to
smooth, flowing contours with all minor hollows and ridges removed. Planting soil mix shall be spread at
levels to accommodate mulch only where specified. Final grades are not to deviate more than +/- 25mm
from the finish grade specified.
Finish ground level adjoining building or footpaths shall be kept 150mm below the level of the damp-proof
course or 25mm below paving surface respectively, or as shown on drawings. The latter has priority in all
cases.
Introduced top soil (to depths shown in detail drawings) shall be placed according to the areas and levels
shown on drawings. Soil shall be irrigated and allowed to fully settle before planting takes place.

3.1.5 Preparation for Planting

The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of all planting areas/beds and shall provide the
Client Representative with a list of all equipment required for site preparation to meet the Client
Representative planting establishment schedule. The Contractor shall ensure that any hardpan areas
which have developed during main construction works are ripped to permit proper soil aeration and
natural drainage.
Plant material locations and planting bed outlines shall be set out a minimum of two (2) days before any
excavations are made for inspection and Client Representatives approval prior to excavations
commencing.
The Contractor shall notify the Clients Representative two (2) days before the start of planting operations
requesting inspection and approval.
Plant locations may be adjusted by the Engineer to meet site conditions or for any other reasons.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the set out and construction of all planting areas/beds to the
specified shapes and levels. The Contractor shall receive written approval from the Client Representative
that the planting bed conforms to plans and meets the design intent prior to planting. The Contractor shall
position plant beds using reference pegs or approved tape or lines for review by the Client Representative
and adjust positions if instructed so to do.
3.1.6 Soil Preparation for Turfing
Final Cultivation of Planted Areas: remove stones and fill eroded areas with fresh topsoil.
Final Cultivation of Grass Areas: after final grading, lighting and uniformly firm soil and reduce top 100
mm to fine tilth. Rake to true, even surface, removing stones more than 25 mm in any dimension. Add
organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer at recommended and approved rates.
Weeds: keep soil free of weeds prior to turfing.
Obtain Approval of prepared soil areas before turfing.

24

3.1.7 Planting Sequence

The Contractor shall be aware that his work may not be continuous and may be interrupted if areas of the
site (Zones or sub-zones or parts thereof) are not released for landscaping works. The Contractor shall
allow for this in his rates and schedule and no claim for disruption or delay in this regard shall be
entertained.
The Contractor shall proceed with and complete planting operations as per the approved Method
Statement submitted and approved construction activity schedule. He shall proceed as portions of the site
become available, working within seasonal limitations for each type of landscape work as required.

3.1.8 Planting Pits

Below grade tree anchor systems must be installed prior to tree planting, according to manufacturers
directives.
Plant pits shall be dug to produce vertical sides and flat un-compacted bases unless otherwise shown on
detail drawings. The latter has priority in all cases. Excavated material shall be disposed of in a manner
approved by the Clients Representative. Excavated material may be used as fill in areas where fill
material is required if the material is deemed to be suitable for such purpose by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall take care not to mix excavated sub-soil with existing top-soil.
Upon completion of excavation, the pit shall be filled with water and then left to thoroughly drain prior to
setting plants. Retention of water for longer than 1hr shall be reported to the Client Representative prior to
proceeding with subsequent work stages.
Minimum acceptable pit sizes shall be as shown in Table 1.2. or as shown on detail drawings. The latter
has priority in all cases.
Item

Palm Trees

Ornamental Trees

MINIMUM Pit Sizes

Minimum 2m x 2m x 1.5m depth = 6 m3

Minimum 3m x 3m x 1m depth = 6 m3

Shrubs, ground covers and seasonal flower

beds and grass areas

500 mm depth

Table 1.2 Plant Pit Size Schedule

Break up bottom of pits for all planting to a depth of 500mm and ensure planting areas and tree pits are
well drained.
3.1.9 Planting pits for isolated trees within stone paving
Planting pits for palm tree within paved areas shall be of a minimum dimension of 6m3 or as shown on
detail drawings; the latter has priority in all cases and constituted of structural load bearing soil mixture.
The area of structural soil is shown in the drawings and is according to the whole surface of filled area.
The necessity of the structural soil is in order to support the stone paving situated directly above the tree
pit.

3.1.10 Planting pits in planting blocks

Planting blocks including ornamental trees combined with low growing shrubs, grasses and groundcover
planting shall be of a continuous 1.5m depth according to the whole surface area of the block.
25

3.1.11 Planting pits in zones with toxic saline waters

In zones with saline waters, all ornamental trees, plants, and palm trees shall be planted in concrete lined
and waterproofed planters or plant pits with the bottom lined with a 100 mm gravel layer with capillary
break as detailed on the drawings and as specified below. If the base of the planting layer is below the
ground water table, then an impermeable barrier should be provided to the satisfaction of the Client
Representative.
Capillary Break
Pits shall be lined with a Geo-textile non-permeable layer of (HPDE) laid on all sides of the pit. The lining
selected shall be designed to minimize the amount of water draining into the underground aquifer and
conversely, minimize tidal underground water being drawn into the plants root system. A layer of 120mm
washed aggregate shall be laid on the subsoil and the sub soil graded to drain efficiently. The geotextile
is laid over the aggregate. See drawing details.
3.1.12 Planting Soil
The Contractor shall supply planting soil as per 2.1.18 consisting of a homogeneous mixture of Sweet
Soil, High Quality Compost, Moisture Retaining Soil amendment and fertilizers blended on a volume
basis, expressed per cubic meter (m3) as specified for all planting beds and areas designated to receive
planting :

Soil Mix: see 2.1.6 to 2.1.12 above

3.1.13 Structural soil mixture for planting in paved areas
Particular attention is given to tree planting within paved areas. The chosen technical solution is to plant
the trees within a structural soil which will both benefit the aeration of the tree roots and provide a suitable
foundation for the paving.
A variety of structural soil systems are possible therefore prior to commencing works the contractor is
required to provide the Client representative with method and execution statements concerning the
handling and provision of the structural soil. The method and materials must be approved before
implementation.
Please refer to appendix 01 for more information concerning structural soil systems
Among other details which must be attended to, attention must be given to the preparation and pose of
this planting medium, particularly during transportation of the prepared mixed product.
A standard example of a structural soil mix would be 1 volume of approved soil ( as per 2.1.6 to 2.1.11 / 3
volumes of structural rock material. The specified rock is ideally pozzolane 4/15mm or 15/30mm. Note:
the total volume of pozzolane 4/15mm is approximately equal to the total volume of substrate, the fine
elements dry weight soil occupy the inter granular spaces of 4/15mm.

Example Structural Soil mix:

75% Scoria (volcanic stone)

Uniformly-graded, durable, hard, 100mm 400mm in size
25% Top Soil Mix
As specified above
Analysis and samples are to be produced by the contractor for the attention of the Client representative
for each element of the structural soil substrate. The contractor is responsible for submitting a full analysis
of the structural soil mix proposed:
Results must be presented as a simplified review of the laboratory analysis; agreement must be given by
the Client representative before implementation.
Other criteria to which the structural soil must conform:
26

Must not contain any undesirable objects or debris (plastic, rubbish etc
Must not be from stocks which have had any anaerobic degradation;
Must not be polluted with any toxic residue (herbicides, petrochemicals, etc);
Contains no fungal or other disease;
Has no Salt content;
Compost\ Natural Organic Fertilizer.
Shall conform with 2.1.6 to 2.1.11 above
3.1.14 Drainage Layer.
A drainage layer of clean washed gravel of a depth of 10cm shall be placed in the bottom of the planting
pit for trees as indicated on the Drawings. A layer of filter fabric geo-textile shall be laid between the
drainage gravel backfill and the plant pit backfill, to finish minimum 50 mm up the pit sides. For joints the
fabric shall be overlapped by minimum 75 mm.
Where planting is over car parking slab and a drainage complex is already specified this additional
drainage layer is not necessary.
3.1.15 Soil Stabilization.
The Contractor shall be responsible for soil stabilization on slope greater than 3:1. Soil stabilization
measures shall be implemented and the soil tamped to the desired slope. All exposed undesirable
material shall be removed. For grass areas, stolons shall be installed as per standard horticultural
practice. Where tree and shrub spot planting is to take place, the location shall be fixed and the holes dug
to the required size as specified elsewhere herein and covered with a pinned temporary hessian or
polythene sheet. The total soil surface shall again be tamped and graded and any loose soil compacted.
The geo-textile material, (see Spec. 5.14), shall be rolled and laid in the direction of downward slope or
anticipated water flow direction. Adjoining netting shall be over lapped by 150mm or be stitched together.
The top and bottom ends of the netting shall be secured into shallow trenches of 300mm depth. The
trenches shall be filled in with the same removed soil and tamped flush with the surrounding soils surface.
The netting shall be pegged down at intervals of 600mm along the edges and at overlaps, using Ushaped staples of 3mm steel or GI wire or similar of minimum 150mm length. If necessary, a secondary
infill placement of stolons shall be carried out after the geo-textile is in place. Finally, the netting shall be
tamped flush with the soil surface. The slopes shall be carefully irrigated for the first week so as to initiate
growth and to stabilize the top surface. The surface shall not be flooded or irrigated excessively to cause
a run-off. Grass growth should be firmly established before any tree or shrub spot planting takes place.
When the surface is firm, the yarn of the geo-textile shall be moved apart with the minimum of disruption
to create a hole to allow a tree or shrub to be placed through the mesh and set in the ground according to
normal horticultural practice.
For groundcover application where slopes are greater than 1:4 a coir geo-textile fabric shall be installed.
The mesh of the coir geo-textile fabric shall be of sufficient open web to permit the individual plants to be
set through the mesh without cutting. (See Spec. 5.20.)
Where the mound shall be an exposed sand surface, the coir geo-textile fabric shall be laid as above and
a 50mm thick bed of sand applied to the surface.
The backfill mixture shall be approved topsoil as per 2.1.6 to 2.1.12 above

3.1.16 Planting General requirements

Plants that are not to be planted on the day of delivery may be held on-site for a maximum of 72 hrs
before planting and are to be stored as follows:
Store plants in an approved well ventilated, and well drained shaded area, protected from excessive heat
(or early morning cold), wind and sun and surfaced with 120 mm of fine gravel.
Store plants in an upright position, care shall be taken to provide enough space between plants so that
light reaches all around to the bottom of the plant in order to avoid burning when planted out.

27

Special attention shall be given to palms with balled and burlap roots (earth balled and Hessian burlap).
Root balls shall be protected by several layers of burlap.
Keep plants well watered and protected from wind or sun damage.
All covers need to be kept moist at all times to prevent drying out of root ball.
Keep plants well watered and protected from wind or sun damage.
For all stored plants apply an approved anti-desiccant before moving plants to the final location.
Obtain written approval from the Client Representative to vary planting schedule if exceptional conditions
are expected.
All plants shall be planted in sufficient time to ensure they are healthy at the time of project handover. A
planting program shall be submitted for approval by the Client Representative before any planting begins.
Prior to planting, all grading and ripping, paving, laying of services and other building work shall be
complete. The irrigation system is, wherever possible, to be operational and soil brought to field capacity.
All areas to be planted should have been graded and allowed to settle over a period of one month.
Planting should preferably take place before 1030 hours and after 1630 hours but can be carried out at
other times during the months of October to April if approval is given by the Client Representative.
Palms, trees, shrubs, and groundcovers shall be planted only during periods that are normal for such
work as determined by local weather conditions. Planting shall not be performed when persistently hot or
drying winds are likely to occur, or when the soil is either at water holding capacity or excessively dry.
48hrs written notice shall be provided for approval of the Client Representative prior to beginning of
planting, maintenance or replacement work.
No planting is to be carried out during periods of heavy rain, sandstorms, heavy winds, or during intense
daytime heat.
Plants and trees shall only be moved and planted out in the cooler winter months between mid October
and mid April. Where the planting programme allows, plants and trees shall not be moved and planted out
mid-May, July, August to mid-October.
Palms and lawns can be installed in the months of early April to late May and early September to late
October.
Trees and shrubs shall be planted prior to lawn grass.
When special conditions warrant, a variance to the planting times and conditions above, a proposed
planting schedule is to be submitted to the Client Representative for review and approval. In such cases,
the planting shall be installed at no additional cost and all conditions and the Contractors obligations
including maintenance and warranty shall be adjusted accordingly.
3.1.17 Preparation of Ex-ground Stock (Date Palms only)
Prune roots using an approved method in three stages with a minimum of three weeks between each
stage commencing as soon as is practical. Backfill trenches with approved coarse sand.
Progressively prune fronds / foliage to compensate for root loss in an approved manner.
Fertilise and treat with an approved root growth formula during root pruning to stimulate root growth.
Irrigate for the duration of the contract to maintain plants in a healthy, vigorous state prior to handover to
the zone contractor.
Provide control of pests, diseases and contaminating species on all procured stock.

3.1.18 Plantation of Trees and Shrubs

Required tree sizes at plantation
28

Broadleaved Trees
Species height requested at plantation - crown width
Azadirachta indica - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Cassia roxburgii - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Coccoloba uvifera tree height 2m - crown width1-1.5m
Ficus carica - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Hibiscus tiliaceus tree height 2m - crown width1-1.5m
Mangiferia indica tree height 2m - crown width1-1.5m
Morus alba - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Musa paradisica height 2m - crown width1-1.5m
Plumeria rubre - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Psidium guajava - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Punica granatum - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Tamarix aphylla - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m
Ziziphus jujuba - tree height 2 m - crown width1-1.5m

Note table below:

Trunk
caliper
(mm)

Minimum
ball
diameter
on field
grown
trees
(cm)

Minimum
root ball
diameter
on
container
grown
trees
(cm)

Minimum
container
size
(Litres)

Minimum
tree
height on
standard
trees

Minimum
tree height
on slower
grown trees

25

400

300

22L

1.5m

1m

50

600

450

88L

2m

1.5m

75

800

500

198L

2.5m

2m

100

1000

750

418L

3m

2.5m

125

1350

900

418L

3.5m

3m

Plants shall be handled carefully and arranged so they take full advantage of the individual character of
each plant in relationship to other plants.
Plants shall be placed in the centre of each pit, set plumb and held in place until sufficient backfill mixture
has been firmly placed around the root ball. Plants shall be placed so that the level at which they were set
with respect to surrounding ground level before installation is the same as after installation.
Ball and bur lapped trees shall have twine, metal, plastic and wire ties removed from the tops of the earth
ball after backfill soil has been placed to approximately two thirds of the ball depth, tamped lightly and
watered. Backfilling around plants shall be completed in 150 mm layers after water has drained away.
Burlap wrapping shall not be pulled out from under the earth ball.
Plants shall be removed from containers in such a way as to prevent damage to plant or root system.
Before planting, any damaged or broken roots shall be carefully trimmed and removed. Plants in
biodegradable or organic containers may be installed with the container in place.
A 100 to 150 mm high earth saucer shall be formed around individual plants. The diameter of the saucer
should be larger than and outside the backfilled area.

29

After planting, plants shall be guyed or staked as required or directed by the Engineer. Trees and shrubs
shall be protected against wind and sun with burlap wrapping where necessary or directed to ensure
satisfactory establishment of plant.
Small trees shall be held in place with one (1) bracing stake. The stake shall be positioned close to the
tree on the windward side. The stake shall be driven vertically into firm ground taking care not to injure the
roots. The tree shall be held firmly to the stake with a double strand of wire. A chafing guard shall be used
were the wire is in contact with the tree.
Tall trees shall be held in place with two (2) bracing stakes placed on opposite sides. The stake shall be
driven vertically into firm ground taking care not to injure the roots.
A rubberized flexible tree tie (black in colour) shall be used to attach tree stake to tree. Ties are to be
manufactured specifically for the purpose of tying trees and are to allow appropriate flexibility and
adjustment as the tree grows.
Avoid abrasion by using chafing guards between palm and stake.
Damaged stakes: replace stakes, which are split. Remove snags and burrs, which may cause chafing of
trees

3.1.19 Palm trees

Required palm tree sizes at plantation

Species Pheonix dactylifera
Height at requested at plantation Three plantation heights of this same palm species are defined on the
tree planting plans, 5-6 metres, 3-4 metres, 2-3 metres

Palms shall be lifted and moved with a crane or other approved method to avoid any damage to
any part of the palm.
Palms shall be placed in the centre of each pit, set plumb and held in place until sufficient
backfill mixture has been firmly placed around the root ball. The top of the root ball should be
100 mm below the top of the planting pit. The pit shall be backfilled with specified mixture to
approximately two thirds of depth of the root ball, tamped lightly and watered. Backfilling around
plant shall be completed in 150 mm layers after water has drained away. A 100 to 150 mm high
earth saucer shall be formed around the palm. The diameter of the saucer should be larger than
and outside the backfilled area.
Transplant palms to the requirements of BS 3998, BS 5236, and BS 4043 as applicable.
Before planting at the project site trim the roots with a sharp knife in a manner to prevent
mashing. The remaining root should be approximately 150mm long of living tissue. Care shall
be taken so that the root ball is planted intact and the terminal bud is undamaged. Damaged
palms shall be replaced at the contractors expense.
Orientation: Before lifting mark north side of palm to ensure that orientation is the same when
re-planted.
Coniferous and Evergreens: dip in or thoroughly spray with anti-desiccant before delivering to
site. Apply again soon after planting. Do not apply in rainy weather. Ensure full coverage to
underside of foliage.
Roots: Cut back broken or damaged roots to sound growth. Treat cut ends over 25 mm
diameter with tree wound dressing.
Plant palms upright in centre of pit and at original soil depth.
Bare root palms: place planting medium in pit in 150mm-250mm layers, ensure close contact
with roots, and eliminate air pockets. Firm the planting medium as back filling proceeds taking
care not to damage roots. Heel in firmly around root collar.
Root Balled Palms: firm planting medium around root ball in 150mm layers taking care not to
disturb roots.
Semi Mature Palms: wrap trunks and lower branches with hessian strips, straw ropes, or
treated kraft crepe paper.
Palm: remove suckers, flowering and fruiting parts, and approximately 30% of the fronds from
palms before planting. Leave sufficient fronds to enclose and protect growing bud, trim to 65%
30

of original length, lift fronds to surround growing point and burlap wrap, and securely tie them in
position and leave on palm for around one year after planting. Special attention is required to
protect palm roots from being bruised during burlapping and planting.
Water palms thoroughly immediately after planting
Fertilizer: after watering in and within 48 hours of planting, spread 300mm inorganic fertilizer
over area of palm pit.
Platypus Tree Anchoring Systems shall be installed for all date palms in accordance with manufacturers
directions.
3.1.20 Shrubs, Grasses and low growing ground cover planting Densities

Shrubs
Species height at requested at planting centre to centre distances - no.plants per m2

Carissa macrocarpa, height - 450 - 600mm, 300mm dist centers, 12no./m2

Leucophyllum frutescens, height 600mm, 300 mm dist centers 12no./m2
Lantana camara, height 600mm 300 mm dist centers 12no./m2
Jatropha integerrima, height 600mm 300 mm dist centers 12no./m2
Scaevola frutescans, height 600mm 300 mm dist centers 12no./m2

Grasses
Species height at requested at planting centre to centre distances no.plants per m2

Pennisetum villosum, height 450 - 600mm, 350mm dist centers, 9no./m2

Groundcovers
Species height at requested at planting centre to centre distances - no.plants per m2

Atriplex cinerea, height 300 - 450mm 300mm dist centers 12no./m2

Carissa grandiflora green carpet, height 200 - 300mm, 300mm dist centers, 12no./m2
Encelia farinosa, height 200 300mm, 300mm dist centers, 12no./m2
Catharanthus roseus, height 300 450mm 300mm dist centers, 12no./m2
Dalea frutescens, height 200 - 300mm 300mm dist centers, 12no./m2
Gazania sp., height 100 - 200mm 300mm dist centers, 12no./m2
Encelia farinose, height 200 - 300mm 300mm dist centers, 12no./m2
Hymenocallis latifolia, height 600mm 300 mm dist centers, 12no./m2
Ipomoea batatas, height 300-400mm, 350 mm dist centers, 9no./m2
Ocimum basilicum, height 200-400mm, 200 mm dist centers, 25no./m2
Mentha longifolia, height 200-400mm, 200 mm dist centers, 25no./m2
Gossypium hirsutum, height 600mm,350 mm dist center,s 9no./m2

31

3.1.21 Preparation of lawn turf areas

Prior to beginning grassing operations, all soil mix shall be in place in accordance with levels as specified
and the irrigation system shall be completely operational ensuring 100% coverage.
After the areas required to be turfed have been brought to the specified levels, fertiliser shall be applied at
the rate recommended by the manufacturers. Soil conditioners shall be spread uniformly over the soil.
The soil shall be raked to a true and even surface. All stones of greater than 25 mm diameter are to be
removed

3.1.22 Turfing
Turf shall be laid on cultivated soil within 24 hours of stripping. The turf shall be laid to form a solid mass
with tightly fitted joints. The ends of the turf shall be butted. Strips shall be staggered to offset joints in
adjacent courses.
The turf shall be tamped or rolled to ensure contact with the sub-grade. Soil shall be worked into minor
spaces between pieces of turf and excess soil removed.
The perimeter of the turfed area shall be protected to prevent traffic until after the third mowing or as
directed by the Engineer.
The newly turfed areas shall be watered with a fine spray immediately after completing each day of turfing
operations. Water shall be applied to ensure a moist sub-grade soil to a minimum depth of 70 mm is
achieved. Watering shall continue until turf can maintain itself on the normal irrigation programme

3.1.23 Quality assurance Lawn Turf (SOD)

Lawn areas where indicated on the drawings shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
Carpet grass shall be cut by machines designed for the purpose and by accepted commercial methods.
Turf strips shall be laid smooth and flush with adjoining paving and top surfaces of kerb unless otherwise
shown on the drawings.
On any slopes, turf strips shall be laid length-wise up the slope and every row shall be pegged with steel
pins hand tacked to 150mm depth to the approval of the Client Representative. The use of erosion control
netting shall be allowed if required to the satisfaction of the Client Representative.
New turf strips shall be protected from foot traffic while being laid. Planks shall be laid if necessary to
prevent damage.
All turf strips shall be laid butt jointed in stretcher bond pattern. Any remaining spaces between strips shall
be filled with planting medium if required.
The turf strip areas shall be rolled tamped or planked providing sufficient pressure to ensure a good bond
between turf and growing medium.
The turf areas shall be watered immediately with sufficient water to saturate the turf and the upper
100mm of the growing medium.
Any area that subsides or otherwise appears to be above or below the specified grades shall be lightly
top dressed or rolled after grass is growing strongly.

3.1.24 Completion of Planting

After planting fork and / or rake soil to fine tilth with approved cambers and no hollows.
Spread stone mulch to areas and in depths shown on drawings.

32

3.1.25 Tree and plant supports

For establishing necessary support systems (e.g. trellis for vines and stakes for trees and shrubs), proper
ties shall be used with thickness and fixing height to match plant to be supported (subject to Client
Representative Approval).
Where below grade tree pit anchor systems are to be installed this must be integrated to tree planting
sequence
For establishing necessary support systems (e.g. trellis for vines and stakes for trees and shrubs), proper
ties shall be used with thickness and fixing height to match plant to be supported (subject to Client
Representative Approval).
Immediately following planting, trees and shrubs shall be braced upright position. Excessive motion shall
be prevented by guy wires, or by stakes with ties, or by both as per detail drawings.
Removal of tree stakes shall occur once the trees are stable (tree stakes and tree guys shall remain for a
maximum of 12 months).
In some cases stakes might be left in place to protect the trees or the shrubs but ties shall be removed.
Stakes, guy wires and ties shall be checked at least every 4 months to ensure that they are not causing a
depression in the bark of the tree or the shrub and shall be loosened, repaired or replaced as necessary.
Trees shall be staked with 1,2 and 4 stake systems according to plans and detail drawings. Stakes must
be positioned straight and the height of each stake visible above ground level must be equal according to
detail drawings. Palm tree fronds shall be protected in a wrapped condition using hessian, for a period of
45 days. Plant must be maintained in an upright position.
After planting, plants shall be irrigated and sprayed with approved pesticides or fungicides as required, to
achieve optimal growth free from pests and as approved by the Client Representative.

3.1.26 Edging Plant Beds

Planting beds shall be uniformly edged, using a sharp tool to provide a clear cut division line between the
planted area and adjacent area and to provide the required shape. .

3.1.27 Mulch
Mulch shall be spread to a uniform depth of 100 mm no later than 48 hours after planting. Mulch should
be kept out of lawn areas, crowns of shrubs and off paved areas and buildings.

3.1.28 Water quality and availability

The Contractor shall be responsible for the coordination of his work with others. It shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor to coordinate his work with the Irrigation Contractor to ensure that all
plants are watered in immediately after planting. Settlement of soil around plant beds and roots balls
shall be rectified immediately after settlement

3.1.29 Monitoring Planting

A.

The Contractor shall be responsible for monitoring daily newly-planted areas. Any trees or other
materials shifted by wind or settlement shall be immediately straightened.

B.

All plants shall be checked daily after planting for signs of wind shake and loosening due to soil
subsidence. Any plant found in an unsatisfactory or unstable condition shall be firmed and
stabilized.

C.

Stakes and ties shall be checked to ensure they are properly positioned and functioning correctly.

D.

Plants that are found to be missing, defective or in poor condition, prior to Substantial Completion
of the works, shall be immediately replaced.
33

3.1.30 Watering Plants

The Contractor is responsible to water the plants immediately after planting.
The Contractor shall water the plants as necessary to maintain an adequate supply of moisture within the
root zone and maintain healthy growth. The water shall be allowed to flow gently around the plant and
shall not be delivered to cause disturbance to the roots or soil.

3.1.31 Fertilizing after planting

Three months after planting, or during the months of March to April or October to December, sulphur
coated slow release fertilizer shall be spread at rates according to manufacturers directions for plant type.

3.1.32 Pruning
Immediately after planting, the Contractor shall ensure that all plants shall be pruned in accordance with
accepted horticultural practices or as directed by the Client Representative. Pruning consists of carefully
cutting back any damaged, dead or diseased branches and the removal of any weak or malformed
growth, with the aim of forming each type of stock to the standard shape for its species. The above
horticultural care and arboriculture practice shall also be applied to existing trees retained within the
project area.
Immediately after planting, some plants may need to be pruned as directed by the Engineer and in
accordance with accepted horticultural practices. The total amount of foliage shall be pruned by up to one
fourth of the installed trees and shrubs to compensate for loss of roots and transporting shock. Pruning
shall be done carefully. Any damaged, dead or diseased branches shall be cut back and any weak or
malformed growth shall be removed. The typical growth habit of the individual plant shall be retained.
Cuts shall be clean and shall be made flush with the parent trunk or branch. Improper cuts, stubs, dead
and broken branches shall be removed. Right angle cuts to the line of growth shall not be permitted.
Trees shall not be poled or the leader removed, nor shall the leader be pruned or topped off. Cuts or
wounds shall be painted with an appropriate wound dressing.

3.1.33 Anti-desiccant Application

Plants requiring additional protection against wilt and shock shall be sprayed with anti-desiccant in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

3.1.34 Clean Up and Site Restoration

Excess and waste material shall be removed daily. Pavements and work areas shall be kept in a clean
and orderly fashion. Pedestrian access points and vehicular access points shall be maintained and kept
clear at all times. All rubbish and litter shall be cleared as it accumulates within the landscape work area.
When planting and turf work has been completed, all debris including subsoil, excess agricultural soil,
litter, and debris shall be removed and disposed of at a location as agreed with the Engineer

3.1.35 Maintenance during planting operations

Newly installed plants shall be maintained in a healthy growing condition.
Maintenance operations shall begin immediately after each plant is installed and shall continue until the
plant establishment period commences.
Maintenance includes watering, pruning, wound dressing, straightening and other necessary operations.
Plant beds shall be kept free of weeds and other undesired vegetation.
Plants shall be checked for settlement and shall be reset to the proper level as necessary.
Plants which are provided in pots or other containers and which have been acclimatised to outside
conditions are acceptable for replacements provided they are conforming with specifications and are not
root bound. Ground cover plants shall be of the species, sizes, and spacing shown on plant materials
schedule, sufficient to cover fully the designated area as shown on drawings.
34

3.1.36 Pre-completion care

Period of Care Prior to Completion

After planting consolidation and prior to the onset of the permanent maintenance period, the Contractor
shall be responsible for carrying out all necessary measures to ensure that the plant material thrives and
becomes established and that the landscape areas are kept in a clean and tidy condition.
Pre-Completion Operations
The following operations shall be carried out where necessary prior to the on-set of the permanent
maintenance period. This is to include but not limited to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Replacement of dead/missing plants

Grass cutting around trees
Watering and maintenance of irrigation system
Cultivation and loosening of soil
Weeding
Pruning and clipping
Firming up and adjusting stakes and ties
Eradication of pest or insect attack
Top-dressing and mulching
Fertilizing

Replacement
The Contractor shall be responsible for the replacement of any plants that fail to survive as a result of
poor establishment and weak growth, inadequate maintenance operations, poor workmanship, or poor
quality or health of plant material prior to completion, as determined by the Client Representative.
The Completion Certificate shall not be issued until all plants scheduled on the Drawings are installed in a
healthy condition in the manner specified herein.
Heavy Machinery
Heavy machinery which would excessively consolidate the sub-soil is neither to be used during any
operations nor is heavy machinery to be taken over areas prepared for planting or grassing.
3.1.37 Maintenance Establishment Period (Defects Liability Period)

The Contractor shall separately list type of personnel, workforce and adequate equipment to perform the
maintenance work herein specified from time of acceptance of the project by the Engineer with
continuous Representative Employment until completion of the Establishment Period.
The grass, trees, shrubs and other plants should thrive and the Contractor shall carry out all normal
horticulture operations to ensure this occurs.
The ground should appear neat, tidy and well cared for and the collection and disposal of rubbish and
litter of all sorts from paths, lawn and beds shall be part of the Contractors responsibilities and he shall
allow for it in his rates.
Fallen leaves and small bark and twig debris shall be retained on the soil surface as mulch.
Defects: remove and replace trees, shrubs, or plants found to be dead or in unhealthy condition during
the defects liability period with specified and approved, true to species equivalent trees, shrubs, or plants,
unless otherwise instructed and unless defects are caused by vandalism after substantial completion.
Make replacements during growing season following the end of the defect liability Period.
Watering: ensure that sufficient water is applied to maintain healthy growth of trees, shrubs, and plants.
Carry out watering in the evening until such time irrigation system is operational. Ensure that sufficient
irrigation water is applied to maintain healthy growth of trees, shrubs and plants and keep them free of
dust. Maintain irrigation system and watering schedule to ensure proper watering of all plant material.
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Fertilizer: During the months of March to April or October to December, sulphur coated slow release
fertilizer shall be spread at rates according to manufacturers directions for plant type.
Iron deficiency: plants prone to iron deficiency shall be checked monthly and chelated iron applied as
required.
Prune plants at appropriate time to remove dead or dying and diseased wood and suckers, to promote
healthy growth and natural shape. Dress cut ends exceeding 25mm diameter with tree wound dressing
Remove burlap wrapping from palm growing buds when turgor in bud has been completely restored.
Tree stakes: check condition of stakes, ties, and guards. Replace broken or missing items. Adjust ties if
necessary to prevent rubbing of bark. Cut back damaged bark and treat wood with wood dressing.
Raking: rake gravel to even surface and remove any litter.
Weeding shall consist of hand removal of all plant material other than the specified shrubs and ground
cover as they appear.
Pest and disease control: the Contractor shall check plant material and take remedial action as
appropriate and in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. Application of fungicide or
insecticides shall not be performed during the day to avoid leaf burns. Application shall be done in the
evening or early morning.
Cultivating/Hoeing: cultivating shall consist of scarifying the top 80-100mm of planting bed so lumps of
soil are all less than 50mm and all weeds are removed.Warranty, Maintenance and handover
Maintenance manual: upon completion of Deflect Liability Period and prior to final acceptance, provide
the employer with six copies of a bound, water proof maintenance manual. Instructions shall include
general landscape maintenance instructions including pruning, mowing and weeding. The manual shall
be in both Arabic and English.
The operations and maintenance manual is to be submitted by the Contractor for approval. Instructions
shall be furnished for year round care of installed plants to be followed by the Owner. As a minimum, the
manual will include the following:
(i)
irrigation details: including water application rates and maintenance procedures
(ii)
fertilisation: including fertiliser descriptions, application rates and application schedule
(iii)
salinity control: including leaching methods and leaching program monitoring
(iv)
pesticide/fungicide/herbicide applications: including safety application rates, procedures, and
schedules
(v)
Turf grass management: including mowing procedures, aeration, topdressing,vertical mowing
for thatch removal, rolling, overseeding and sprigging
(vi)
propagation and seasonal replacement of all flowers and flowerbeds
(vii)
General maintenance: including pruning, stakes and ties, replacement and clean-up, protective
fencing and grading
(viii)
Equipment inventory: including maintenance procedures and manufacturers
maintenance manual
(ix)
Landscape maintenance personnel requirements and job descriptions.

3.1.38 Water Consumption

Peak daily maximum water requirements are as follows:
DATE PALMS
:
70 litres per day
TREES

40 ltr/day

GROUND COVERS

6 ltr/day

MEDIUM SHRUBS

6 ltr/day/shrub

LARGE SHRUBS

15 ltr/day/shrub

LAWN GRASS

14 ltr/sq m/day

Daily requirements will differ depending on season and particular type of ground cover and shrub species.
During the cool months, water requirements are to be reduced to 1/4 by increasing the irrigation interval
to 4 days or as required to maintain plants in healthy condition. During the autumn and spring months
irrigation intervals shall be 3 days or as required to maintain plants in healthy condition.
36

NB: Irrigation must be adapted to meet the real requirements in accordance with the real water holding
capacity of the soil due to the use of the moisture retaining soil amendment.
During rains irrigation system feeding drip emitters shall not be switched off, on the contrary when
precipitations exceed 10mm and additional irrigation cycle shall be initiated to counteract the effect of the
dissolved ground salt.

3.1.39 Application of pesticide General Requirements

Where pesticide use is necessary to remove a disease or pest, a trained and certified operative shall
apply the required pesticide in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.
Hydraulic equipment shall be provided for liquid application of pesticides with a leak proof tank, positive
agitation methods, controlled application pressure and metering gauges.
Prior to application the Contractor shall submit a pesticide treatment plan to the Engineer.

3.1.40 Plant Establishment and Warranty Period

Upon substantial completion of landscaping works as approved by the Engineer, the plant establishment
period for maintaining installed plants in a healthy growing condition shall commence. The plant
establishment period shall be in effect until the end of the warranty period. At the end of the warrantee
period, all plants and turf shall be in a healthy and living condition.
When planting operations extend over more than one season or there is a variance to the planting times,
the plant establishment periods shall be furnished for work completed, as directed. Written calendar dates
shall be furnished to the Engineer for the beginning of the plant establishment period. When there is more
than one plant establishment period, the boundaries of the planted areas covered for each period shall be
detailed.
The plant establishment and warranty period shall extend until the Maintenance Certificate has been
issued.
The Contractor shall provide four copies of the approved Operation and Maintenance Manual prior to the
issue of the Certificate of Completion.

3.1.41 Plant Maintenance during the Establishment Period

The Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance of all landscape works for a period of 365 days
from the date when the Client Representative accepts initial handover.
Landscape maintenance shall include, but limited to furnishing all labor, materials, equipment and
incidentals needed to provide a complete landscape and irrigation maintenance program if applicable
during the installation period and for 365 days following the date of preliminary handing over.
Maintenance items shall include all soft landscape items constructed under this Contract.
The Contractor shall maintain insurances of all relevant equipment and items as required by the Contract
throughout the maintenance period.
Tasks specifically required for soft landscape maintenance include:

1.

Irrigation, fertilization, weed control, removal of organic litter and in addition / replanting
/replacement of palms, trees, shrubs, climbers, groundcovers, and seasonal flowers (seasonal
replacement at maximum 3-month intervals).

2.

Topping-up of mulch, checking stakes and ties, training and pruning for palms, trees, topiaries
shrubs, and climbers. Irrigation, mowing, edging, fertilization/top dressing, rolling, aeration, thatch
removal, weed control, replacement of worn areas, and removal of organic litter for grass areas.

3.

Replenishment of soil, re-grading of slopes, replacement/realignment of plants for verticality,

restacking and tying, re-establishment of plants at intended levels in over settled areas and
restructure of berms where utilized.
37

4.

Regular (at maximum intervals of one month) inspections of site and material for plant
establishment and development, injury, damage and vandalism, and insect, pest, and disease
symptoms and appropriate remedial actions.

5.

Application of pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, and other essential chemicals according to

standard horticultural practice and to manufacturers
recommendations. Application shall be
the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure the well-being of the plants and following strictly the
safety guidelines of the manufacturer.

6.

Installation and inspection of protective fencing and appropriate remedial actions.

7.

Irrigation controller programming. Irrigation system start-up, related adjustments, and shutdown
as required. Regular (at maximum twice weekly intervals) inspection of irrigation system for
damage, non-function, or inefficiency and appropriate remedial actions is required.

The Contractor shall carry out maintenance of the planting strictly in accordance with the operations and
maintenance manual as approved by the Client Representative. The Contractor shall provide all required
labor, plants, and materials to comply with the approved procedures. During the maintenance period, the
Contractor shall make adequate provision for irrigation and/or operate the irrigation system as required
and maintain same for final handover to the Client Representative.
The Contractor shall keep minimum number of gardeners in proper uniforms, full time, at site and shall be
required to send additional manpower as and when required to carry out special maintenance tasks such
as removing dry palm fronds, aeration, planting seasonal, replacing trees, etc.
The Contractor shall maintain, at all times, sufficient stock of regularly used fertilizers, Chemicals, tools,
spare parts, and other consumables on site.
The Contractor shall compile a comprehensive Operations and Maintenance Manual, which will include:
1.
A full operations schedule, descriptive details of every procedure in the task activities for the above,
and expected quality level.
2.
Constituents, ingredients, and composition and manufacturers details of all proposed Horticultural
chemicals. Application rates, schedules, and operational, safety, and storage procedures for all proposed
horticultural chemicals are required.
3.
Equipment inventory, essential equipment maintenance procedures, and manufacturers full
Operation and maintenance manual. Maintenance personnel including personal data, level of education,
experience, responsibilities, delegated activities, and schedule of presence on site.

Maintenance of plants shall include straightening plants, tightening stakes and guying material, repairing
wrapping, protecting plant areas from erosion, supplementing mulch, application of tree wound dressing,
removing dead or broken tip growth by pruning, maintaining edges of plant beds and earth saucers,
maintaining plant labels, salinity control, watering, weeding, removing and replacing unhealthy plants,
pesticide treatment and other horticultural operations necessary for proper plant growth and keeping the
Site neat in appearance. The Contractor shall provide all necessary labour, equipment and materials to
comply with this operation.
Watering shall be conducted regularly to maintain an adequate supply of moisture within the root zone.
Weed control and debris removal shall be routinely performed by the Contractor. Grass and weeds shall
not be allowed to reach a height of 50 mm in any tree basin or around any plant before being completely
removed, including the root growth.
Throughout the maintenance the Contractor shall continue a fertiliser programme to maintain soil
nutrients, and fertility suitable to proper plant growth.
Amended horticultural soil shall be added to maintain finished ground levels and to maintain earth
saucers. Serious settlement affecting the setting /level of the plant in relation to the depth at which it was
grown will require replanting in accordance with Clause 1.5.
Treatment for disease or pest shall be in accordance with Clause 1.8.
38

Grass, trees, shrubs and other plants should thrive and the Contractor shall carry out all normal
horticulture operations to ensure this occurs.
The ground shall appear neat, tidy and well cared for and the collection and disposal of rubbish and litter
of all sorts from paths, lawn and beds shall be part of the Contractors responsibilities and he shall allow
for it in his rates.
Fallen leaves and small bark and twig debris shall be broken up and cultivated into the soil.
Saucers for palm trees shall be maintained as shallow as possible and surrounding ground cover shall be
allowed to reach the tree.
Remove and replace trees, shrubs, or plants found to be dead or unhealthy condition during the defects
liability period with approved, true to species equivalent trees, shrubs, or plants, unless otherwise
instructed and unless defects are caused by vandalism after substantial completion. Make replacements
during growing season following the end of the defect liability Period.
Provide maintenance of the planted areas from date of provisional acceptance until the end of the
Maintenance Period and final acceptance. Make visits at approximately monthly intervals during the
growth season and as necessary to fulfil the requirements specified below.
Watering: ensure that sufficient water is applied to maintain healthy growth of trees, shrubs, and plants.
Spray crown of trees when in leaf during warm weather but only early morning to avoid sun scald. Carry
out watering in the evening until such time irrigation system is operational. Ensure that sufficient irrigation
water is applied to maintain healthy growth of trees, shrubs and plants. Maintain irrigation system and
watering schedule to ensure proper watering of all plant material.
Keep beds clear of weeds by cultivating and hand removal only. Fork over beds as necessary to keep soil
loose, to approved camber with no hollows.
Remove burlap wrapping from palm growing buds when tugor in bud has been completely restored.
Tree and palm stakes: check condition of stakes, ties, and guards. Replace broken or missing items.
Adjust ties if necessary to prevent rubbing of bark or trunk. Cut back damaged bark and treat wood with
wood dressing.
Raking: rake gravel to even surface and remove any litter.
Weeding shall consist of hand digging out all plant material other than the specified shrubs and ground
cover every two weeks. Chemical weeding is strictly forbidden.
Pest and disease control: the Contractor shall check plant material and take remedial action as
appropriate and in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. Application of fungicide or
insecticides shall not be performed during the day to avoid leaf burns. Application shall be done in the
evening or early morning. Cultivation.
The Landscape Contractor is to keep beds and saucers clear of weeds by cultivating and use of approved
herbicides. Iron deficiency: plants prone to iron deficiency shall be checked monthly and cheated iron
applied as required. Maintenance manual: upon completion of Defect Liability Period and prior to final
acceptance, provide the client with six copies of a bound, water proof maintenance manual. The manual
shall contain seasonal irrigation water and fertilizer application rates, pesticides, insecticides and
fungicide applications by plant type. Instructions shall also include general landscape maintenance
instructions including pruning, mowing and weeding. The manual shall be in both Arabic and English.

3.1.42 Replacement Plants during the Establishment Period

A survey of the landscaping works shall be carried out fifty (50) days after acceptance of substantial
completion. Following the survey, the Engineer will direct the Contractor to remove and replace all plants
determined as dead. Plants reviewed that exhibit questionable abilities to survive will be tagged by the
Contractor in the presence of the Engineer and be reviewed after an additional twenty five (25) days to
determine acceptance or rejection. The Contractor shall make reasonable efforts to stabilise the quality of
the tagged plants.
All replacement planting shall be at the Contractors expense.

39

3.1.43 Lawn Maintenance during Plant Establishment Period

Maintenance shall consist of watering, fertilising, weeding, mowing, trimming and other operations as
required to establish a smooth acceptable lawn free of eroded or bare areas. If required, the Contractor
shall apply maintenance fertiliser after the second mowing. Any additional fertiliser shall be added when
grass is dry. After application of the fertiliser, the area shall be watered well
The Contractor shall maintain lawns for not less than the period stated below and longer as required to
establish an acceptable lawn.
Seeded lawn areas shall be maintained through three (3) maintenance cuttings but not less than sixty
(60) days after substantial completion.
Sprigged and turfed lawn areas shall be maintained through two (2) maintenance cuttings but not less
than thirty (30) days after substantial completion.
Grass shall be regularly cut during the growing season every three (3) to four (4) days to maintain a
height of approximately 40 mm, using an approved mechanical rotary mower
Edges shall be trimmed manually and maintain consistent line that reflect a neat and tidy appearance.
Curves are to be smooth to centres. Where a mowing strip is not provided, edges should be trimmed with
an appropriate weed-eater machine. Vertical trim shall be done using manual lawn trimmer.
All grass clippings should be raked off and removed from site, unless instructed to lie as cut.
Grass shall be mowed in parallel strips at regular speed.
Roll grass, after watering using a light roller as required.
If required, the Contractor shall apply maintenance fertiliser after the second mowing. Any additional
fertiliser shall be added when grass is dry. After application of the fertiliser, the area shall be watered well.
Apply inorganic fertilizer at the rate of 3 kg/100m2, twice a year, once at the start at the growing season,
and once late in the growing season to boost nutrients through the whole growing season.
Where depressions occur in the finished surface, fill in with topsoil raked and rolled level.
Scarification shall be done at specified intervals, two months (2), and immediately followed by watering
and rolling.
Aeration shall be done at specified intervals and immediately followed by spreading and brushing in sand
mixed with slow release fertilizer, watering and rolling.
All lawn mower maintenance shall be in accordance with manufacturers recommendation especially in
regard to greasing and blades sharpening. Blunt blades shall not be used as they alter the general
appearance of lawns. The Contractor is responsible for keeping all mower blades sharp.
Once a year, during the dormant period, spike the grassed area, using a spiked or hollow tined roller and
rake to remove matted and dead grass and roots.
Remove weeds as they develop by hand.
Apply approved pesticide to the grassed area if required.
The Contractor is responsible to re-cultivate and re-seed bare areas and areas of dead grass. At the end
of the Plant Establishment Period, the Contractor shall leave the grassed areas in a healthy condition,
with full coverage of grass, without thin or bald areas.

3.1.44 Quality assurance applicable regulations

The Contractors shall be responsible to know and understand all the requirements of Regulatory
Agencies.
The Contractor shall perform all work in accordance with all applicable laws, codes, and regulations
required by authorities having jurisdiction over such work.
The Contractor shall provide for all inspections and permits required by the local authorities in the
production, transportation, and application of all agricultural chemicals.
Applicable Standards

40

Workmanship and overall maintenance program shall conform to the highest level of Horticultural industry
standards. In this regard the Australian Standard NatSpec shall be closely followed and applied at the
discretion of the Client Representative.
The plantings shall be established and maintained according to these specifications. The Contractor shall
complete his responsibilities to the complete satisfaction of the Client Representative.
The Contractor shall maintain the landscape for a period of 1 calendar year after the date certified by the
Client Representative as the date of Issue of Partial Acceptance Certificate (PAC).
The Contractor shall carry out the establishment of the planting in strict accordance with the
Establishment Operation and Maintenance Manual approved by the Client Representative. This manual
shall be incorporated with irrigation and other hard landscape establishment as one complete volume.
The Contractor shall be responsible for all soft landscape areas within the overall project boundaries as
shown on the contract drawings and any additional work as requested by the Client Representative.
The Contractor shall undertake all suitable measures, such as drainage, leaching, amendments to
planting soil, in the case of excessive salinity due to any factors, to resolve the problem and shall notify
the Client Representative in writing.
The Contractor shall carry out the following establishment operations post acceptance when necessary
during establishment period and as directed to alleviate any undesirable growing conditions:
1.

Replacement of dead/missing plants.

2.

Grass cutting around trees.

3.

Watering.

4.

Cultivation and loosening of soil.

5.

Mowing and Edging.

6.

Weeding.

7.

Pruning and clipping.

8.

Firming up and adjusting stakes and ties.

9.

Eradication of pests.

10.

Top-dressing and mulching.

11.

Fertilising.

12.

Adjustments of tree stakes and ties.

13.

Cleaning of plant basins.

14.

Foliage washing.

15.

Lawn mowing and other maintenance practices.

Partial Acceptance Certification (PAC).

The Client Representative will certify the date when in his opinion, substantial completion of the works
has been achieved. Substantial completion will not be awarded until 100% of all plant material is planted
in living and healthy condition and is planted as per the specifications herein. A fully defoliated plant,
although it may survive, cannot be considered as successful establishment due to its possible ill health at
a later stage.
Once Partial Acceptance Certification is achieved, The Contractor shall maintain the works for a period of
365-days before the Final Acceptance is awarded. The 365 day period is known as the Defects Liability
Period.
The Defects Liability Period is as established herein.
The Contractor shall be permitted to submit separate requests for substantial completion of the works
dependent upon the agreed Methodology Statement for works to be completed in a phased schedule
41

approach. The Contractor shall submit in writing his separate requests for Substantial Completion and
receive approval in writing from the Client Representative.

3.1.45 Defects Liability Period

The Defects Liability Period shall extend 365 days from the date of Partial Acceptance Certification. The
first thirteen (13) weeks of the Defects Liability Period is called the Consolidation Period. Consolidation
shall include all care of the landscape works starting from the date of issuance of the Partial Acceptance
Certification.
The Defects Liability Period includes but is not limited to all repair, amendment, rectification,
reconstruction and making good of defects, imperfections, shrinkages or other faults as may be required
by the Client Representative during the thirteen (13) weeks Defects Liability Period or within 14 days after
its expiration as a result of an inspection made prior to its expiration.
The thirteen (13) week Consolidation Period will commence after an inspection by the Client
Representative which finds all the works satisfactory to grant Substantial Completion for the entire project
or agreed portions thereof.
During the Consolidation Period, any plants or grass areas that are dead, or which do not show healthy
growth and satisfactory foliage condition shall be replaced. Such items shall be replaced immediately
upon discovery and replaced again if necessary to ensure that (theft and vandal damage exempted) the
site remains in peak condition throughout the Consolidation Period.

3.1.46 Final Acceptance

Prior to the completion of the plant establishment period, a preliminary inspection shall be undertaken by
the Engineer. The time for this inspection shall be established in writing. The quantity and types of plants
installed and the acceptability of the plants shall be determined. The plant establishment and warranty
period will end with this inspection provided that the Contractor has complied with the work required under
Clause 1.9.1. The Contractor shall also comply with the following requirements.
Dead, missing or defective plant material or turf shall be replaced. Replaced plants will be of the same
size and species as originally specified.
Weed plant beds and saucers. Prior to inspection treat these areas with an application of approved preemergent herbicide.
Remove stakes, guy wires and wrappings from plants as directed by the Engineer.
Complete remedial measures as directed by the Engineer.
Repair damages caused while making plant or turf repairs.
A final inspection, if required, shall be undertaken by the Engineer to determine that the deficiencies
noted in the preliminary inspection have been corrected. The time for this inspection shall be established
in writing.
END OF PART

42