Sincor

SINCOR
Project Title: SINCOR, C. A.

UPSTREAM SURFACE FACILITIES PROJECT
Document OFW CLASS: 01

CA04-04-33-P-DC-101
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SINCOR, C.A.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA
REVISION INDEX:
This Document Consists of 74 Pages
Note: Any technical change or revision from the original Sincor document is indicated by
the right hand margin.
Rev.
Nro.
Prepared
By/ Date
F1
A. DI BELLA/
S. CUESTA
1998-07-28
A. Avila
20/05/2003
A. Avila
08/10/2003
A. Avila
17/08/2004
J.Menendez
17/10/2005
X0
X1
X2
X3
CA04-04-33-P-DC-101_X31.DOC
APPROVAL REGISTER
Checked
Project
Approved
By/ Date
Approved By/
By/ Date
Date
A. DI BELLA
1998-07-28
G.HARRIS
1998-07-28
N BAKER
1998-07-28
A. Avila
20/05/2003
A. Avila
08/10/2003
A. Avila
17/08/2004
A. Avila
17/10/2005
S. Cuesta
20/05/2003
S. Cuesta
08/10/2003
S. Cuesta
17/08/2004
S. Cuesta
17/10/2005
J. Morillo
20/05/2003
J. Morillo
08/10/2003
J. Riera
17/08/2004
J. Riera
17/10/2005
Reason for
Revision
Final
Issued/Aproved for
tender
As - Built
Update by SINCOR
Rev 2003
Update by SINCOR
Rev 2004
Update by SINCOR
Rev 2005
in
SINCOR

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CONTENTS
SECTION N
PAGE
1.
SCOPE
2.
DESIGN BASIS
3.
CODES AND REGULATIONS
4.
ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS
5.
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
6.
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
7.
ENCLOSURES AND TYPE OF MECHANICAL PROTECTION
11
8.
INSTALLATION TYPE SELECTION
17
9.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN
21
10. POWER TRANSFORMERS
23
11. SMALL DRY-TYPE TRANSFORMERS
25
12. SWITCHGEAR
26
13. MOTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT
30
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14. RELAYING AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES
34
15. ALARMS
38
16. LIGHTING
41
17. LIGHTING PANELS
45
18. WELDING AND CONVENIENCE RECEPTACLES
46
19. WIRING METHODS
48
20. BURIED CABLE SYSTEMS
48
21. CABLE TRAYS
53
22. CONDUIT
55
23. CABLES
56
24. GROUNDING
62
25. DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
68
26. UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)
69
27. EMERGENCY POWER GENERATION
69
28. CATHODIC PROTECTION
69
29. AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHTS
69
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30. ELECTRICAL HEAT TRACE
69
31. SUBSTATION BUILDINGS AND SWITCHROOMS
71
32. ELECTRICAL FIELD TESTS
74
33. INSPECTION
74
34. STANDARDIZATION
74
SINCOR
1.

CA04-04-33-P-DC-101
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SCOPE
This document covers the general requirements of the electrical design criteria for the
equipment, materials and design of the electrical installation to be used in all projects
and modifications required in SINCOR Upstream surface facilities in San Diego de
Cabrutica, Edo. Anzotegui..
2.
DESIGN BASIS
The electrical installation shall be designed to provide:
3.
Safety to personnel
Reliability and Flexibility
Provisions for future requirements as hereinafter specified
A selective system of protective devices
Equipment with adequate interrupting capacity, continuous current capacity and

insulation levels, all as required by system voltages.
Minimal environmental exposure of the electrical equipment
Mechanical protection
The lowest life cycle cost (LCC)
Easy of maintenance and operation
Interchangeability
CODES AND REGULATIONS

Except where indicated otherwise in this specification, the design, equipment,
materials, and installation thereof, shall conform to as a minimum, the applicable
requirements of the latest edition of the following standards and codes:
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)
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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
National Electrical Code (NFPA #70)
American Petroleum Institute (API)
Venezuelan Cdigo Elctrico Nacional, FONDONORMA 200 (the latest edition

which includes IEC zone classification)
Cdigo Nacional de Seguridad en Instalaciones de Suministro de Energa

Elctrica y de Comunicaciones, Norma COVENIN 734. This document is based in
the National Safety Code of ANSI C2.
Comit Venezolano de Normas Industriales (COVENIN)
Local codes and standards
Other recognized National Codes and Standards will be accepted, provided the
electrical installation and equipment based on such documents are at least equal to
those conforming to the standards listed above.
All equipment and material shall be designed, manufactured and tested by the
governing standards and regulations of the country of manufacture. In general, in case
of conflict, the recommendations of the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) shall govern for equipment manufactured outside the USA, while NEMA shall
govern for equipment manufactured in the USA.
4.
ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS
A.
Engineering Documents by Contractor and/or by Vendor

The following documentation shall form part of the electrical engineering work and
shall be furnished as a minimum, but not be limited to:
a)
Classification of hazardous locations.
b)
One line diagrams for DC and AC power circuits, including metering &
protective relaying.
c)
One line diagrams for instrument power supplies.
d)
Electrical equipment specifications & material requisitions (MR).
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e)
Schematic and wiring diagrams.
f)
Connection and interconnection diagrams.
g)
Load data list and load computation for different plant conditions, including
DC loads and instrument loads.
h)
Short circuit calculations (maximum and minimum values), including motor

contribution to short circuit.
i)
Voltage profile calculations for steady state and for re-acceleration, including
the starting of large motors.
j)
Cable schedule.
k)
Tabular forms for relay data.
l)
Relay coordinating study.
m)
Underground cable layouts.
n)
Aboveground cable layouts.
o)
Lighting layouts and wiring diagrams.
p)
Substation layouts.
q)
Communication layouts and wiring diagrams.
r)
Fire alarm layouts and wiring diagrams.
s)
Earthing drawings and calculation of earthing system design.
t)
List of bulk material (including list of Material Requisitions).
u)
Harmonics analysis study, when large non-linear loads, such as adjustable

speed electrical power drives, are considered
General Requirements for Engineering Documents

a)
Electrical symbols shown on drawings and diagrams shall be in accordance

with IEC 60617.
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b)
Metric system and letter symbols in accordance with IEC 60027 and IEC
60164.
c)
Exception to metric system shall be for conduit size which shall be

expressed in inches.
d)
Where necessary, the phase relation of conductors and the phase shift
through transformers shall be indicated with hour numbers in accordance
with IEC 60152.
e)
Generally conductors and terminals on multiwire diagrams, schematic and

wiring diagrams should be identified with alphanumeric notation as per IEC
60445.
f)
Other Specifications
The latest editions o revisions of the following SINCOR Specifications form an

integral part of this Specifications:
CA04-04-33-P-SP-001
Electrical Switchboard
CA04-04-33-P-SP-002
Power Transformers
CA04-04-33-P-SP-003
Medium & Low Voltage Switchgear
CA04-04-33-P-SP-004
Medium Voltage Motor Control Center
CA04-04-33-P-SP-005
Low Voltage Motor Control Centers
CA04-04-33-P-SP-006
Battery, Charger and DC Distribution System
CA04-04-33-P-SP-007
Uninterruptible Power Supply
CA04-04-33-P-SP-008
Power an Control Cables
CA04-04-33-P-SP-009
Neutral Grounding Resistors
CA04-04-33-P-SP-010
Dry-Type Power Transformers up to 1500 kVA
CA04-04-33-P-SP-011
Input Insolation Dry Type Transformer
CA04-04-33-P-SP-012
CA04-04-33-P-SP-030
Electrical
Requirements
Equipment
Cathodic Protection
CA04-04-33-P-SP-015
Prefabricated Electrical Center.
for
Package
SINCOR
5.

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CA04-04-33-P-SP-017
Metal Enclosed Bus Duct
CA04-04-33-P-SP-018
Low Voltage & Medium Voltage Motors
CA04-04-33-P-SP-020
Diesel-Driven Emergency Generator Set
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

A. Equipment and materials shall be selected in accordance with Recommendations
and Standards issued by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and/or
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization-EN (CENELEC). Also
equipment and material manufactured in accordance with NEC, NEMA, IPCEA, (USA
standards) shall be accepted.
B. The equipment located indoors shall be installed in mechanically cooled building
environment with following conditions:
Temperature range
Relative Humidity
Slight positive pressure
26C 1C
50% 5%
Nonetheless, all indoor equipment and devices shall withstand operation without
degradation for a period of four days continuous without air conditioning system
C. Equipment shall comply with IEC-60068 for environmental conditions specified.
D. The equipment located outdoors shall be able to operate continuously in the site
climatic conditions specified above at the rated values given in the relevant document.
E. The equipment and material shall be designed to meet the seismic requirement for
zone 3 per UBC-97 and Z = 0.15.
6.
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

The classification of locations with regard to hazard of explosion or fire and selection of
suitable type installation must be in accordance with IEC 60079-10 Electrical
Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmosphere, IP Code Part 15, Area Classification Code
for Petroleum Installations - API RP500 and FONDONORMA 200 - Article 505..
A.
Material, machinery and equipment with any type of protection against the hazard
of explosion, or fire, shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance
with the IEC. In the case that standards of the country of origin differ from the
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IEC Recommendations, it is Contractors responsibility to verify the suitability of

materials in relation to the actual application.
B.
C.
Official Marking and Certification

a)
The equipment and materials to be installed in hazardous locations shall

have as a minimum types of protection as required by IEC.
b)
Equipment and materials furnished shall be labeled, listed, certified,

accepted or otherwise determined to be safe for the use intended by
internationally recognized testing laboratory, such as, UL (USA), BASEEFA
(UK), LCIE (France) or those listed in the CENELEC document C 149 shall
be accepted.
c)
Electrical equipment and materials shall be suitably protected for the

environmental conditions of the plant site.
Type of Protection Marking
The type of adopted protection shall be marked on materials in accordance with

applied standard and using the symbols indicated on I IEC 60034-5, IEC 60079-0,
IEC 60947-1 and IEC 60298, whichever applicable.
D.
Installation
a)
E.
For installation purposes, articles including but not limited to the following
shall be applicable: IEC 60079-14 Electrical Installation in Explosive Gas
Atmosphere (other than mines) and FONDONORMA 200. In general,
electrical equipment and wiring materials shall be furnished as required by
FONDONORMA 200. Electrical equipment shall be located outside Zone 1
areas where practical.
Definitions
a)
Hazardous area
An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present, or may be
expected to be present, in quantities such as to require special precautions
for the construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus.
b)
Non-hazardous area
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An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not expected to be present

in quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction,
installation and use of electrical apparatus.
c)
Zones
Hazardous areas are classified in zones based upon the frequency of the
appearance and the duration of an explosive gas atmosphere as follows:
Zone 0
An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously

or is present for long periods.
Zone 1
An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur in

normal operation.
Zone 2
An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in
normal operation and if it does occur it will exist for a short period only.
7.
ENCLOSURES AND TYPE OF MECHANICAL PROTECTION

A.
General
Material, equipment and machinery shall be as hereinafter specified and shall
comply with requirements dictated by the classification of the environment and of
the hazardous location in which they are to be installed. Materials shall conform
to the standards called for.
B.
General Purpose Enclosures

a)
Enclosures shall be classified as specified in the following, in relation to:
Protection of persons against contacts with live or moving parts inside

the enclosure,
Protection of equipment against ingress of foreign bodies,
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Protection of equipment against ingress of liquids.
Definitions of degree of mechanical protection shall be in accordance with

IEC Standards followings:
b)
IEC 60947 -Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear.
IEC 60298 -AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated

voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV.
IEC 60034-5 -Classification of degree of protection provided by

enclosures for rotating machines.
IEC 60529 -Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code).
IEC 60144 -Degrees of protection of enclosures for low voltage

switchgear and controlgear.
Rotating Electrical Machines

Enclosures shall be of one of the following types:
For indoor dry location
IP 23
For outdoor totally enclosed, fan

cooled (460 Volts or 6.6kV)
IP 55
Terminal boxes shall be with protection degree not less than IP 55 or with
the protection required for the machine itself, whichever is higher.
c)
Low Voltage Equipment

This group of equipment shall include low voltage switchgear and control
centers, push-button stations, lighting fixture, terminal and junction boxes,
communication equipment and alike.
For communication equipment, other kinds of protection equivalent to these
specified may be used.
Reference shall be made to IEC 60947.
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External enclosures shall be one of the following types:

protected against contact with live or moving parts inside the
enclosure with objects of thickness greater than 2.5 mm and against
drops of water: IP 31,
enclosure with objects of thickness greater than 1 mm and against
drops of water: IP 41,
protected against contact with live moving parts inside the enclosure
with objects of thickness greater than 1 mm and against splashing
water: IP 44,
enclosure with objects of thickness greater than 1 mm and against
jets of water: IP 45,
complete protection against contact with live or moving parts inside
the enclosure and protection against harmful deposits of dust and
against splashing water: IP 54,
complete protection against contact with live or moving parts inside
the enclosure and protection against harmful deposits of dust and
against jets of water: IP 55.
Prevention of access to internal parts of the enclosures shall be

provided by means of fixed barriers or screens, having mechanical
degree not less than IP 30.
Where it is necessary to make provision for removal of barriers,
opening of enclosures or withdrawals of parts of enclosures (doors,
casings, lids, covers and the like), removal, opening or withdrawal shall
necessitate the use of a tool. The use of key locks shall be considered
as a single handle or knob; only the use of padlocks shall be
considered equivalent of accessibility.
Accessibility to internal parts of the enclosures, where needed for

occasional handling (such as replacing of fuses, lamps, setting or
resetting of relays etc.) shall be permitted only if one of the following
protective measures is assured:
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Automatic deenergization of all power and control circuits, except

circuits at a voltage level lower than 24 Volts AC or 36 Volts DC
which have to be of the safety extra low voltage (SELV) type.
Permanent protection of live parts. Removal, opening or withdrawal
of barriers may be by means of handles, knobs and alike, without
the use of a tool.
d)
C.
Deenergization of all live parts behind the barrier or enclosure shall be

by means of an interlocking device. Restoration of the supply shall
only be possible after replacement of barriers or reclosure of the
enclosure. Removal, opening or withdrawal shall initiate automatic
switching-off before live parts behind the barrier or enclosure can be
touched accidentally.
A second barrier with mechanical protection degree not less than IP 30

shall prevent contact with live parts, which might be accessible after
opening of doors or removal or withdrawal of barriers.
Medium voltage (>1000 V) metal-clad switchgear and metal-enclosed control

centers.
Reference shall be made to IEC 60947 and IEC 60298.
Enclosures accessibility shall be as specified above for low voltage
equipment, in addition:
external covers shall have degree of protection not less than IP 31,
internal partitions which may be accessible without use of a tool shall

have a degree of protection not less than IP 30,
grates and wire screens for ventilation and gas venting shall have
openings not greater than 2.5 mm and shall not be located in
correspondence to live parts.
Type of Protection of Enclosures and Apparatus for Use in Hazardous Locations

a)
Temperature Class of Material Equipment and Enclosures

All material, equipment and enclosures of any electrical apparatus to be
used within hazardous locations shall be classified with a temperature class,
with regard to the maximum permitted surface temperature and to the
minimum ignition temperature of the substances which may be present.
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Temperature classes shall be in accordance with IEC 60079-0. A reduction

coefficient of 0.8 must be applied to ignition temperature values determined
with methods other than IEC 60079-4.
b)
Intrinsically Safe Apparatus (Ex-I).

An intrinsically safe apparatus is an apparatus so constructed that when
connected and used in the prescribed conditions, any sparking that may
occur therein or in the circuit associated therewith is incapable of causing
ignition of the specified flammable gas or vapor. Intrinsically safe apparatus
are classified into two categories, defined as stated by IEC 60079-11:
c)
category ia - apparatus which are incapable of causing ignition in

normal operation or with a single fault, or with any combination of two
faults, applied with the specified safety factors,
category ib - apparatus which are incapable of causing ignition in

normal operation or with a single fault applied, with the specified safety
factors.
Explosion Proof Enclosure (Ex-d)

Explosion proof enclosures (flameproof enclosures)for electrical apparatus
shall comply with the requirements set forth by IEC 60079- 1.
d)
Pressurized Enclosure (Ex-p)

Pressurized enclosures for electrical apparatus shall comply with the
requirements set forth by IEC 60079- 0 and 2.
e)
Increased Safety (Ex-e)

Increased safety electrical apparatus shall comply with the requirements set
forth by IEC 60079- 7.
f)
Oil Immersed Apparatus (Ex-o)

Oil immersed apparatus shall comply with the requirements set forth by IEC
60079- 6.
g)
Sand Filled Apparatus (Ex-q)
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Sand filled apparatus shall comply with the requirements set forth by IEC
60079 - 5.
h)
Hermetically Sealed Apparatus

Low voltage arcing or sparking devices, such as pressure switches,
temperature switches and alike, may be hermetically sealed type provided
they comply with the Codes and regulations of the country of origin.
i)
Cast-Resin Compounded Apparatus

Static apparatus, such as small transformers, capacitors, reactors, solid
state devices etc., may be cast-resin compounded, provided that they
comply with the Codes and regulations of the country of origin.
j)
Non-Sparking Motors (Ex-n)

This type of construction applies only to three phase squirrel-cage induction
motors without brushes, switching mechanism etc.
Mechanically and electrically non-sparking three phase motors are general
purpose motors, which in normal operating conditions, including starting and
reacceleration with the specified supply and service conditions, do not
produce arcs or sparks or excessive temperatures on external surfaces
capable of igniting the explosive mixture which may be present in the
surrounding atmosphere.
For details refer to CA04-04-33-P-SP-018.

k)
Vapor Tight Lighting Fixtures

Vapor tight lighting fixtures are completely enclosed and gasketed fixtures in
which the operating temperatures of any part of the fixture or lamp must not
exceed 80% of the ignition temperature of the explosive mixture which may
be present.
The mechanical protection corresponds to IP 55.

l)
Approved Type Apparatus
Approved type apparatus are apparatus for which the suitability of safety
provisions is recognized by a testing station.
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Certification of Equipment for Use in Hazardous Locations

Electrical material, equipment and machinery to be installed in hazardous
locations shall be suitable for the particular location in which they are located.
a)
Material, equipment and machinery with any of the following type of

protection:
Ex-ia,b
intrinsically safe apparatus
Ex-d
explosion proof enclosure
Ex-e
increased safety
Ex-p
pressurized enclosure
Ex-o
oil-immersed apparatus
Ex-q
sand-filled apparatus
approved type apparatus
shall be furnished with prototype test reports issued by a testing station

recognized by the country of origin national authority.
Vendors shall produce routine acceptance test protocols as specified by the
applied standard and/or code.
Above listed materials shall be marked as specified by the IEC - 60079- 0,
whichever is applied.
b)
8.
Hermetically sealed apparatus and cast-resin compound apparatus shall be

furnished complete with certificate relevant to the suitability of equipment to
the specified installation conditions, issued by Vendor or by an appropriate
testing station or authority.
INSTALLATION TYPE SELECTION

In general, the type of protection required and recognized as suitable for a kind of
environment and for a classified hazardous location may also be used where less
heavy conditions exist.
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Selection With Regard to Environment

a)
Outdoor Installation
Rotating electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54 or IP W

24.
Low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54.
b)
Protected outdoor installations or indoor in wet and/or dusty rooms. Rotating

electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54 or IP W 24.
Low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54.
c)
Indoor Installations
Indoor Installations in Wet and/or Moist Location

Rotating electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54
or IP W 24.
Medium and low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less
than IP 34.
Indoor Installation in Dry Location

Rotating electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54.
The use of protection IP 22 shall be limited only to equipment to be
installed inside electrical rooms (rooms where only skilled electrical
operators have access).
Medium and low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less
than IP 31.
Exception shall be considered for high voltage neutral grounding
resistors, which shall have enclosures not less than IP 21.
B.
Selection in Relation to the Classification of Hazardous Locations

Unless otherwise specified, the minimum degree of mechanical protection of
enclosures shall be that specified in relation to the environment.
a)
Zone 0 locations
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Power and control equipment shall not be installed; only instrumentation circuits
may be installed with protection type Ex-ia.
b)
Zone 1 locations
In general, electrical equipment and wiring material shall be furnished, as
required by IEC, with the following specific interpretations and additions:
Equipment shall have protection type Ex-ia, or Ex-ib, Ex-d or Ex-e or

Ex-p or be approved type apparatus.
For protection type Ex-p, if the pressurizing medium is air, the air intake
shall be located outside of locations classified Zone 1, at a distance in
all directions of at least 3 m. Apertures provided for the control of outflow of pressurizing medium to the external atmosphere shall be
located outside of locations classified Zone 1.
The supply of the pressurizing medium to enclosures which shall
remain in service also if the prescribed overpressure falls under 5 mm
water gauge shall be by means of a dual system and shall have
pressure-measuring devices for the operation of an alarm in the control
room and trip devices whenever the pressure within the casing falls
below the permitted minimum.
If one of the two pressurizing systems fails, an alarm shall sound in the
control room; if the second system fails the equipment shall be
automatically deenergized.
c)
Three phase squirrel cage induction motors shall be type Ex-d, Ex-e, or
Ex-p, suitable for specified temperature class.
Zone 2 Locations
In general, electrical equipment and wiring materials shall conform to the
requirement of IEC, with the following specific interpretation and additions.
Equipment which may produce arcs or sparks or excessive

temperatures in normal operating conditions shall have protection type
Ex-ia, Ex-ib, Ex-d, Ex-e, Ex-p, Ex-o, Ex-q, hermetically sealed or shall
be approved type apparatus
(equipment complying with the
requirements for Zone 1 area).
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Three phase squirrel cage induction motors shall be type Ex-d, Ex-e,
Ex-p, or Ex-n suitable for specified temperature class.
Synchronous motors shall be as above specified for induction motors,

except motors with slip rings shall be provided with enclosed slip ring
housing with positive pressure purging, using clean air or inert gas, Exp.
Non-sparking equipment as oil immersed or dry type transformers,

resistors, lighting fixtures, meters, junctions boxes, communication
equipment etc., shall be with protection type not less than Ex-e or as
specified for Zone 1 locations.
Lighting fixtures may also be vapor tight type suitable for the specified
temperature class and with enclosure not less than IP 55.
For equipment located in hazardous areas, in addition to meeting the

equipment enclosure protection as specified above, maximum surface
temperature shall not exceed the auto-ignition temperature of the
gases or vapors involved per IEC and COVENIN 200. This shall be
indicated by the T Class (T1-T6) of the apparatus as defined in IEC and
COVENIN 200.
Inverter fed motors used for variable speed applications and installed in
hazardous locations shall be tested and certified as an integral unit with
the converter. IEC 60034 Parts 17 and 25 recommendations shall be
followed.
Ex e degree of protection shall not be acceptable for inverted-fed

motors in hazardous locations
For variable speed applications, the following additional marking shall

be included:
Relevant electrical characteristics of the converter
Maximum load torque corresponding to the speed range allowed

according to the application
Special Non-Hazardous Locations
SINCOR

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Electrical equipment shall be selected as specified in Section 8

(minimum-industrial grade heavy duty equipment).
Natural Non-Hazardous Locations

Electrical equipment shall be selected only in relation to the
environment (minimum-industrial grade heavy duty equipment).
9.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN

A.
This specification shall be supplemented by a one line diagram. It is understood

where the one line diagram conflicts with this standard, the one line diagram shall
govern.
B.
Unless otherwise specified, the distribution system shall be secondary selective.

With this system each substation is fed by dual feeders and each secondary
selective bus is served by two transformers. Single radial system may be used for
supply of non-essential loads located remotely in off-site facilities and must be
approved by owner.
C.
Power Sources
a)
D.
The electricity power for the SINCOR UPSTREAM shall be supplied from on
site power generation.
The distribution and utilization voltages shall be as follows:

a)
Primary Distribution - 34.5 kV/6.9 kV, 3-phase, 3-wire, 60 Hertz low

resistance grounded neutral.
b)
Secondary Distribution - 6.9 kV, 3-phase, 3 wire, 60 Hertz, low resistance

grounded and 480 Volts, 3-phase, 3-wire, 60 Hertz, solidly grounded neutral.
c)
Motors above 200 kW - 6.6 kV, 3-phase, 3-wire.
d)
Motors 0.5 kW through 200 kW - 460 Volts, 3-phase, 3-wire.
e)
Motors less than 0.5 kW - 115 Volts, single phase, 2-wire.

NOTE:
SINCOR
E.

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Motors less than 0.5 kW for process or compressor applications shall

be 460 Volts, 3-phase, 3-wire.
Extremely large motors to be started direct on line shall be 13.2 kV, 3phase, 3-wire, connected with 34.5 kV-13.8 kV captive transformers
(See one line diagram). Motors that cannot be started direct on line due
to voltage drop constraints shall be started by means of an electronic
soft starter.
Voltage and frequency ratings for medium-voltage inverter-fed motors

used for variable speed applications shall be selected by the adjustable
speed electrical power drive system seller, according to the inverter
output ratings
f)
Lighting and Instrument Branch Circuits - 120 Volts, single phase (High
Pressure Sodium Lighting may use 277 or 480 Volts).
g)
Motor Space Heaters - Up to 1800 Watts, 120 Volts, single phase; 1801
Watts and above, 208 Volts, single phase.
h)
Other heaters - Up to 1800 Watts, 120 Volts, single phase; 1801 to 3000
Watts, 208 Volts, single phase; above 3000 Watts, 480 Volts, 3-phase.
Steady State Voltage Drop:

a) Voltage drop from substation buses to the loads shall not exceed 5%, typically
split as 2% feeder and 3% branch circuit.
b) Transformer secondary side no-load voltage shall raise no more than 8%
above the nominal system voltage at the transformer secondary terminals
F.
Motor-Starting Voltage Drop:

a) Motor-starting conditions shall be evaluated based on system and process
conditions that result in the minimum motor acceleration torque.
b) Acceleration studies shall be made for motors 200 kW and larger.
Acceleration studies shall assure adequate motor acceleration torque and
acceptable system voltage drops for defined system configurations and
defined process conditions.
SINCOR

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c) For motors of <600-volt rating, the system shall be designed to provide, as a

minimum, 90% nominal system voltage at the substation bus and 85% of
nominal motor-rated terminal voltage at the motor terminals during starting.
d) For motors of <600-volt rating that cannot be started across the line, electronic
soft starters shall be used.
e) For motors of >600-volt rating, the system shall be designed to provide, as a
minimum, 85% nominal system voltage at the substation bus and 80% of
system nominal voltage at the motor terminals during starting.
f) For motors of >600-volt rating that cannot be started across the line because
of system voltage drop requirements, either a captive transformer or an
electronic soft starter shall be used. Starting method selection shall be made
based on economical considerations.
10.
POWER TRANSFORMERS
A.
B.
General Requirements
a)
Power transformers shall conform to IEC 60076. In general, transformers

shall be located outdoors and shall be bus or cable connected to secondary
switchgear, depending on economics and practicability.
b)
Power transformers shall be 3-phase, mineral oil, self-cooled for outdoor

locations, and dry type for indoor locations.
c)
In general, transformers shall have delta-connected primary windings with

wye-connected secondary windings, vector group Dyn11.
Secondary
neutral shall be resistance or solidly grounded depending on the voltage.
d)
For process unit substation only, one power transformer shall be fed from
one feeder circuit breaker.
Accessories
a)
Transformers shall be provided with externally operated no-load primary tap

changers with two (2) 2 1/2% full capacity taps above and below rated
voltage.
SINCOR
b)
Depending upon the distribution system arrangement, the transformer

primary shall be provided with one of the following:
c)
d)
C.

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Terminal compartment with potheads or conduit entrances
Depending upon economics and practicability, the secondary terminals shall

be enclosed with one of the following:
Terminal compartment with potheads or conduit entrances
Suitable throat for bus duct connection
All other accessories shall be provided as specified in the applicable IEC

Standars for the kVA and voltage rating.
Protection
For protection, see section 14.C.
D.
Transformer Sizing
a)
Consistent with standard self-cooled transformer ratings, transformers shall

be sized on the basis of the operating kVA required under design conditions.
For radial or primary selective substations initial maximum one-hour average
load shall be below 100% of nameplate rating of the transformer (self-cooled
rating).
For secondary selective substations, the rating of each transformer shall be
that if one transformer is out of service, the remaining transformer can meet
the loading as specified below:
b)
120% of maximum demand for transformers up to 10 MVA (self- cooled

ONAN type preferred)
120% of maximum demand for transformers greater than 10 MVA of

ONAF rating.
Transformer Impedance
Transformers having manufacturers standard impedance values shall be
used except when other values are required as follows:
To meet voltage drop limitations.
SINCOR
c)

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To realize economics by the use of switchgear with lower interrupting

rating.
Special motor starting conditions.
Neutral Earthing Resistors (Refer to SPEC CA04-04-33-P-SP-009)

Neutral earthing resistors shall be outdoor, minimum mechanical protection
degree of the enclosure shall be not less then type IP54, sized for fault
withstand duration of 5 seconds, and continuous through current according
to the total cable length capacitive current at the system voltage.
d)
E.
Transformer(s) oil shall be analyzed (tested for water and gas content, pH,
dielectric rigidity) at transformer first energization as specified in
precommissioning procedure PPR, and one year after start-up
Converter Transformer Particular Requirements
Transformers supplied as part of adjustable speed electrical power drive systems

shall comply with the following particular requirements:
a) For input isolation dry-type transformers refer to specification CA04-04-33-PSP-011.
b) For input isolation oil-immersed transformers refer to specification CA04-0433-P-SP-002.
11.
SMALL DRY-TYPE TRANSFORMERS

In general, transformers under this category may be used for the following services:
Lighting
Receptacles
Instruments
Heat Tracing
Space Heaters
A.
Basic Arrangement
SINCOR
B.

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a)
Unless otherwise specified, transformers shall be dry type, epoxy

encapsulated or impregnated, compound filled, 480/208-120V, 60 hertz, 150
kVA maximum rating with two (2) 5% taps full capacity below normal
voltage. Transformers shall be installed at panel locations on the basis of
one for each distribution panel.
b)
All transformers shall be protected by an individual overcurrent device in the

secondary side set at no more than 125% of rated secondary current and a
primary feeder overcurrent device set at no more than 250% of the rated
primary current.
c)
When furnished with an overcurrent device in the secondary connection,

transformers may be arranged for a maximum of 3 single-phase or 2 threephase transformers for each primary circuit breaker.
Alternate Arrangement
The alternate to the basic arrangement, when specified, shall be the installation of
a single transformer with a capacity suitable for the complete area or unit
requirements. In general, this transformer shall be of the same type as that
specified for Power Transformer.
C.
Accessories
Transformers for the basic arrangement or the alternate arrangement shall be
provided with standard accessories for the kVA and voltage ratings, with below
rated voltage taps, where available. See ESPECIFICATION CA04-04-33-P-SP010
12.
SWITCHGEAR
A.
Circuit Breakers
a)
Feeder circuit breakers or incoming circuit breakers supplying busses shall

have a continuous rating equal to the adjusted maximum demand to the total
load supplied from the bus, or transformer forced-cooled rating, whichever is
higher. For secondary selective substations, adjusted maximum demand
shall be determined with the bus tie breaker closed. Bus tie circuit breakers
in secondary selective substations shall be of the same size as main circuit
breaker.
SINCOR
B.

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b)
Circuit breakers used as motor controllers shall have a continuous capacity

at least equal to 1.25 times the motor full load current for motors having a
continuous overload capability/service factor of 1.0.
c)
Momentary rating shall be adequate for the maximum short circuit level and
maximum number of motors operating under normal conditions with
estimated motor load which would exist when the transformer or installed
local generating capacity is loaded to its rated capacity.
d)
For secondary selective substations, the interrupting and momentary ratings

shall be calculated with one incoming line breaker open and the bus tie
breaker closed.
e)
Switchgear shall be considered to have no emergency overload rating above

its normal rating.
f)
1 hour maximum demands shall be the basis for switchgear continuous

ratings.
Medium Voltage Switchgear

a)
Switchgear rated above 1000 Volts to and including 34.5 kV shall be

considered medium voltage switchgear. In general, switchgear shall be
indoor metal-clad type of Manufacturers standard design. Switchgear shall
conform to applicable IEC Standars. Switchgear shall be dead-front
structures with drawout, electrically operated circuit breakers. Except
where indicated otherwise, circuit breakers shall be vacuum or SF6, stored
energy mechanism type.
b)
In general, switchgear, unless otherwise specified, shall be used for the

following services:
c)
Main incoming line or transformer secondary breakers
Tie breakers, where specified
Feeder breakers to 6.9 kV motor control centers
Motor controllers for motors above 3000 kW when specified
When switchgear is used for motor control, the following features shall be
included:
SINCOR
d)
C.

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Undervoltage protection
The Close control at the switchgear shall not be operable unless the
breaker is in the Test position.
Breaker shall be closed from the Start button adjacent to the

controlled motor. The closing circuit shall be wired across the NC
contact of the Stop button to prevent starting the motor when the
Stop button is depressed.
Switchgear shall include the minimum required accessories

arrangements in accordance with the Manufacturers standards.
devices shall include:
and
The
Antipumping, trip-free control circuits
Semiflush drawout type protective relays, of a type and quantity

consistent with industry standards to provide adequate protection for
the selected service.
Current and potential transformers for metering and relaying. Potential

transformers shall be furnished with drawout type primary protective
fuses.
Necessary auxiliary devices as specified in the Material Requisitions.
e)
Switchgear shall be furnished with 15% spare circuit breakers fully equipped
with all protective relays and controls for future services.
f)
Switchgear shall be furnished suitable for future extension on both ends and
shall be provided with floor space for 20% future cubicles.
Low Voltage Switchgear

a)
In general, switchgear for service at 1000 Volts and below shall be free
standing, dead-front steel structures for indoor installation and shall comply
with IEC requirements. Except where indicated otherwise, circuit breakers
shall be drawout, air type, with stored energy mechanism. When specified,
switchgear may be used for the following functions:
Main incoming line or transformer secondary breakers
SINCOR
D.

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Tie breakers, when required
Feeder breakers to motor control centers and special purpose

switchcracks
Motor controllers for motors rated above 200kW which are operated at
480 Volts (only when 6.9kV is not available or when it is economical to
use 480V)
b)
The use of direct acting trips or integrally mounted static trip devices for
overcurrent protection shall be maximized. Protective relays and associated
current transformers shall be provided only in the event that a selectively
coordinated system cannot be achieved by using direct acting trips.
c)
Considerations will be given to the use of integrally mounted current limiting

fuses on the breaker assemblies to limit the short circuit level to users to a
level consistent with Manufacturers standard designs.
d)
Switchgear shall be furnished with 15% spare circuit breakers fully equipped
with protection relays and controls for future services. 15% being counted
upon each typical size quantities of outgoes.
e)
Switchgear shall be furnished suitable for future extension on both ends and
shall be provided with floor space for 20% future cubicles.
Switchgear Control Power

In general, 125VOLTS DC shall be used for:
a)
Medium voltage circuit breakers close and trip circuits. Separate fuses shall
be provided for closed and trip circuits.
b)
Low voltage incomers and bus-tie circuit breakers.
c)
Automatic transfer schemes.
d)
Alarm and signaling systems.
125 Volts DC control power shall be supplied from two 100% capacity valveregulated nickel cadmium batteries (sealed type) and two suitably rated 100%
battery chargers.
SINCOR
13.

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MOTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT

A.
General
a)
Depending upon economics and practicability, motor control equipment for

all utilization voltages shall be either indoor metal-enclosed general purpose
equipment (or outdoor special purpose equipment) and shall comply with
IEC Recommendations. When making the choice, due consideration shall
be given to the operating and maintenance advantages of indoor general
purpose equipment where there is not a distinct economic advantage in
using outdoor equipment.
b)
Unless otherwise specified, motor control shall be for full voltage starting.
c)
Unless protected by other means, motor overload protection shall be

provided in each phase or ungrounded conductor.
d)
Motor control equipment shall include overcurrent and short circuit protective
devices to provide a minimum of 5 seconds delay at locked rotor currents.
This delay shall be reviewed and increased as required for motors with
extended acceleration periods.
In general, control of motor shall be as shown on Typical Diagrams for Motor
Outgoers and as described in Medium & Low Switchgear Specification
CA04-04-33-P-SP-003, Medium Voltage Motor Control Center Specification
CA04-04-33-P-SP-004 and Low Voltage Motor Control Center Specification
CA04-04-33-P-SP-005.
e)
Every motor starter shall be furnished with provisions for padlocking in the
open position. The disconnect shall always be within sight of the controller.
Unless otherwise specified, the disconnect and controller shall be
constructed as a combination motor starter unit.
f)
For motors utilized above 120 Volts, the controller shall be operated from a
480-120 Volts secondary control power transformer directly connected on
the load side of the disconnect. One side of the 120 Volts secondary shall
be fused and the other side shall be grounded.
g)
Motor starters for single-phase motors which are not automatically started
shall be of the manually operated type located within sight of the motor. The
enclosure shall be chosen to meet the area classification requirements.
SINCOR
B.

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h)
When vacuum quench type magnetic controllers are used, they shall be
supplied with surge capacitors where required to keep transient
overvoltages, due to current chopping, within acceptable limits for the motor.
i)
Supply to spare and multiple service motors. If motors are designated as

normal and spare, 2 or 3 normally running, or equivalent, or if 2 or more
motors in the same service can operate independently for partial service (as
in air cooled heat exchanger fans and paralleled cooling water circulation
pumps), then such motors shall be directly from secondary selective busses.
The supply to motors of each service shall be divided between (or among)
the busses.
j)
Motor space heaters when furnished shall be controlled by an auxiliary

contact of the motor controller and wired in series with a manual disconnect
switch. Heaters shall be automatically deenergized when the motor is
running and energized when the motor is not running. The auxiliary contact
shall remain closed or be bypassed when the motor starting device is in the
test or withdraw position.
Indoor General Purpose

a)
For motors rated 6.9 kV, 3000 kW and below, the motor control equipment
shall be drawout magnetic contactor type with current limiting fuses or
equivalent equipment. If economics dictate, the motor control equipment for
the kW ratings listed below may be of the drawout magnetic contactor type,
1-high construction, with current limiting fuses:
6.9 kV induction and 0.8 P.F. synchronous motors - 1500 kW through

2000 kW
6.9 kV and 1.0 P.F. synchronous motors - 1500 kW through 2000 kW
b)
For motors not controlled by magnetic contactor equipment or motors rated

6.9 kV and above 3000 kW, or where the system short circuit level exceeds
the interrupting capacity of current limiting fuses, switchgear shall be used
for motor control.
c)
Motor controllers and necessary switchgear shall be furnished in a unitized

assembly.
d)
For 3 phase motors rated 460 Volts, not controlled by switchgear,

manufacturers standard unitized free-standing cubicle type motor control
SINCOR

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center equipment shall be furnished. In general, motor control center

equipment shall make use of fused disconnect switches or molded case
circuit breakers.
C.
Outdoor Motor Control and Switchgear

When approved on the basis of technical and economical considerations, outdoor
type switchboards may be provided.
D.
Push-button Stations
a)
In general, Start-Stop push-button stations shall be of the heavy duty,

momentary contact, universal type. Exception to the above shall be special
control circuits which require the use of maintained contact On-Off control
stations or Hand-Off-Automatic selector switches. Regardless of the type
of push-button stations, enclosures shall be furnished suitable for the area
classification.
b)
In general, push-button stations shall be mounted adjacent to, and within

sight of, the controlled motor. Motors which are not located at grade shall be
furnished with an additional control station located at grade and shall include
a run light. Hermetically sealed type contacts are preferred.
c)
Control stations for multi-speed and reversing motors shall have pilot lights
to indicate their mode of operation.
d)
Where electrically operated controllers are used, motors shall be controlled

by:
e)
Start-Stop control station located in sight of and near the motor, or
Automatic devices (such as a float switch).
A selector shall be located in sight of and near each motor controlled by an

automatic device. Switch shall have at least 3 positions: REMOTE/AUTO -STOP -- LOCAL/START.
Switch shall provide the following operations:
REMOTE/AUTO. Maintained position in which motor is started and

stopped by the automatic device.
SINCOR

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STOP. Maintained position in which motor is stopped and cannot be

restarted automatically or manually.
LOCAL/START. Momentary position in which motor can be manually

started by pushing a local momentary start button
Selector switch shall have provisions for padlocking in the stop position.
f)
When the selector switch bypasses safety devices in the LOCAL/START

position, a legible nameplate shall be mounted at the selector switch. The
nameplate shall be engraved as follows (red letters on white background):
WARNING --PROTECTION AGAINST
(..describe conditions..)
BYPASSED WHEN OPERATING IN
LOCAL/START POSITION
This shall also be written in Spanish
g)
Where remote start/stop control stations are provided to control a motor in

addition to the local station, a legible nameplate shall be mounted at the
local station engraved as follows (red letters on white background):
WARNING -- MOTOR CAN BE STARTED FROM REMOTE STATION. ENSURE

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT TO MOTOR IS DEENERGIZED AND LOCKED OPEN
BEFORE WORKING ON MOTOR OR DRIVEN EQUIPMENT. This shall
also be written in Spanish.
h)
Control stations shall be either push-button or rotary shaft/rocker arm

operated.
i)
Guards. Control stations shall be guarded against accidental operation,

either through design or by field-mounted guards. Non-actuation when a
push-button is depressed flush with the surrounding ring constitutes
adequate guarding. Except in control rooms, guarding shall not prevent
intentional operation with gloved hand.
j)
Emergency stop controllers on control house panels shall meet the following:
Guards shall cover the operating button or arm.
Control shall be of the maintained contact type.
Control wiring shall run directly from the control station to the motor
controller. Wiring shall not be routed through the motor location.
SINCOR
14.

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RELAYING AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

A.
General
a)
As a minimum, protective relays or direct-acting trips shall be provided for

electrical equipment as required.
b)
A selective system shall be furnished insofar as practical. In accordance

with the foregoing, relays and protective devices shall be selected and
coordinated to provide a system which permits the circuit interrupting device
closes to a fault to operate first.
c)
Relay settings and coordination curves for the protective devices furnished
shall be provided.
d)
Relay data shall be furnished for each adjustable relay or other protective
device as follows:
Device symbol number, circuit to which applied and devices instrument

transformer (if any) ratio.
Device identification including manufacturers model number, time

characteristic, and ampere or voltage range.
Device setting, calibration point, and one or more check points.
Data shall also include settings for auxiliary relays and devices, such as timers,
associated with each protective device.
e)
B.
Multifunction solid state relays are preferred. Relays shall be of proven

technology available and used in the last 2-3 years in this application.
Motor Protection
a)
All 3-phase motors rated 1500 kW and below shall be protected against
overloads by thermal relays in each phase. Undervoltage protection shall be
provided for motors of all voltages controlled by switchgear.
b)
Required devices for synchronous motors only, such as relays for field
application, excitation check, out-of-step, etc., shall be provided.
SINCOR
c)
d)

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For motors above 600 Volts rated 1500 kW and below, the following shall be
provided in addition to the above:
Instantaneous overcurrent ground relay. Relay shall be instantaneous

type supplied from a zero sequence window type transformer.
Instantaneous overcurrent feature.
One overcurrent relay for locked-rotor protection.
High temperature alarm as specified in Specification CA04-04-33-PSP-018, for motors that have air filters.
Thermal overload protection.
Starting time too long protection.
Negative sequence current protection.
Start number limit protection.
For motors rated above 1500 kW, when controlled by switchgear, the
following shall be provided (for motors, controlled by contactors equivalent
protection shall be provided):
Three differential relays with hand reset lock-out. Unless otherwise

indicated, the differential shall use 3 window type current transformers
installed at the motor terminals in a self-balancing differential scheme.
One temperature responsive overload relay connected to a 100-ohm

resistance temperature detector imbedded in the motor winding. This
relay shall have provision for alarm before tripping and shall be set to
operate at a lower value.
Phase sequence and undervoltage relay.
Surge protection equipment at the motor terminal consisting of

combination lightning arrestors and capacitors.
Lockout relay (hand reset) with healthy drop pilot light shall be
provided.
SINCOR
e)
C.

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Motors for variable speed applications are already full-protected by the

converter protection and control system and shall not require additional
overcurrent, overvoltage, and differential protection
Power Transformers
Each transformer shall be provided with overcurrent protection set at no more
than 125% of rated current for transformers rated 600 Volts or less, or 250% for
transformers rated over 600 Volts.
The provisions for protection of power transformers shall depend upon the
distribution system arrangement, plot plan area, and voltage rating. In general,
protection shall be provided as follows:
a)
For Power Transformers up to 5000 kVA
Primary protection shall be provided by the following:

Switchgear type circuit breakers equipped with 3 overcurrent and
instantaneous relays.
One ground fault sensor relay protection.
Fault pressure relaying shall be furnished on transformers 500 kVA
or larger and shall trip primary breaker or controller.
Temperature relay 1st step alarm, 2nd step trip primary breaker.
Neutral backup time delay relaying. Ground fault relaying shall be
applied to substations 500 kVA or larger having low resistance or
solidly grounded neutrals. The ground fault relaying, operating from
a current transformer in the power transformer neutral, shall trip the
primary breaker or controller.
Auxiliary lock-out relay
Secondary protection shall consist of a switchgear type circuit breaker

equipped with the following relays:
Three (3) time delay phase overcurrent relays
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One time delay ground overcurrent relay fed from a current

transformer located between the power transformer neutral and the
grounding resistor (CT is also used for primary breaker ground
overcurrent relay).
b)
D.
For Power Transformers Larger than 5000 kVA
Primary and secondary switchgear type circuit breakers.
Three (3) time delay and instantaneous phase overcurrent relays.
One (1) ground fault sensor relay protection.
Two (2) time delay overcurrent relays activated from a current

transformer located between the power transformer neutral and the
grounding resistor, when applicable. One relay shall trip the secondary
breaker and, if the fault persists, a second relay shall trip the primary
breaker.
Buchholz relay first step alarm, 2nd step trip.
Temperature relay -1st stage alarm 2nd stage trip.
Three (3) differential relays, activated from the current transformer

located at the primary and secondary sides of the power transformer
through the lockout relay. Differential relays shall be of the high speed
type and shall have harmonic restraint to prevent incorrect operation by
transformer magnetizing in rush current.
Auxiliary lock-out relays activated by ground overcurrent relay, sudden

pressure relay, and differential relays, to trip and lock-out the circuit
breakers.
Feeder Relaying
a)
Time (short & long) and instantaneous phase overcurrent tripping shall be
provided for feeder breakers requiring relaying except that instantaneous
tripping shall be omitted if relaying exists UPSTREAM without significant
intervening impedance. If the only UPSTREAM protection with which the
feeder relaying must coordinate is fuses, instantaneous phase overcurrent
tripping shall be furnished if selectivity can be achieved. This requires that
the instantaneous trip setting be 70 percent of the peak let-through current of
the largest anticipated fuse, and that fuse be current limiting at the fault level
of the system where it is located.
SINCOR
b)
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Ground fault protection, energized residually or from a zero sequence

current transformer, is required or preferred as stated below for feeder
breakers requiring relaying per paragraph above:
Required in substations with low resistance grounded neutrals.
Preferred in all substations with solidly grounded neutrals.
c)
Ground fault relay shall be instantaneous if energized from a zero sequence

current transformer and if no fuses or relays exist UPSTREAM which can
sense the same ground fault. Otherwise, time delay relays shall be used,
definite time type or the least inverse characteristic available.
d)
Feeders to radial substations with transformer fault pressure relaying or

neutral backup relaying or both shall be transfer tripped through lockout
relay at the substation. The lockout relays shall be provided with mechanical
or electrical means for manual initiation. If there is no control power battery
at the radial substation, shunt type lockout relays may require local
capacitors to assist in tripping. In this case, capacitor charging shall be
provided by a local rectifier and also by pilot wire feeding through a blocking
diode from the source substation control power battery.
ALARMS
A.
General
a)
Location of alarms other than substation alarms specified in this specification

shall be located in the central control room of the plant in which the
equipment is located or serves.
b)
Positive pressure ventilation alarm shall be provided for each pressure

ventilated building or room as follows:
Alarm shall be actuated by a switch sensitive to air flow and shall give
abnormal indication whenever there is no air flow from the inside to the
outside of the building or room.
Air flow switch shall be equal to Dry-Sys standard suction type switch.
Switch shall be mounted indoors on an outside wall approximately 2 m

above floor level. The opening to the outside shall be protected to
minimize the effect of wind and prevent entrance of water.
SINCOR
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Alarm shall have sufficient time delay to avoid indication during

momentary losses of air flow such as occur when the building door is
opened for entrance or exit of personnel.
SUBSTATION
a)
Bus tie alarms shall be provided for each secondary selective substation to
give abnormal indication whenever the breaker is closed (or open).
b)
For the two incoming circuit breakers of each secondary selective

substation, a single alarm shall be provided giving abnormal indication
whenever either breaker is open.
c)
Transformers rated 500 kVA and larger shall be provided with an alarm as
follows:
Alarm shall be actuated by contacts in the liquid temperature

thermometer and shall give abnormal indication whenever the
transformer reaches its maximum self-cooled operating temperature as
indicated by the thermometer.
An alarm for each transformer equipped with 2 float Buchholz relay, to

be actuated by slow gas accumulation.
d)
For each motor whose automatic shutdown would jeopardize the safety of
personnel or cause major equipment damage. An alarm shall be actuated
as in paragraph 15.C.b or by thermal overload relay. The overload tripping
relay shall then be set at 120-140 percent of the rated current.
e)
Switchgear control power alarm shall be provided as follows:
Control battery charger alarm shall be provided for each substation

control battery. Alarm shall be actuated when the a-c supply to the
charger fails. The device which supervises the a-c supply shall be
connected to the load side of the protective device or switch (including
devices internal to the charger) closest to the charger in the supply
circuit.
Ground fault alarm actuated by contacts in the control power system

ground detector.
A single control power loss alarm actuated by contacts of normally

energized supervisory relay mounted within the switchgear assemblies
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and energized from the main control power busses. One relay shall be
provided for each main control power bus in each switchgear
assembly.
C.
f)
A flag-drop panel or group of alarm units shall be located in the substation to

supervise each of the substation alarm conditions.
g)
A single alarm shall be located in the unit control house or room to supervise
substation alarm conditions described above if applicable.
Alarms for Motors over 1500kW

a)
b)
Motor alarms shall be provided as follows:
Bearing high temperature
Winding high temperature
Air (or gas) low pressure (pressurized motor enclosure, pressurized

commutator, forced ventilated motor enclosure, forced ventilated
commutator or slip ring enclosure).
Water leakage (TEWAC enclosure having double tube cooler inside the
motor enclosure).
Water high or low flow (TEWAC enclosure).
Motor-off (when applicable).
Water high temperature (TEWAC enclosure).
Oil low pressure.
Overspeed.
Vibration.
Oil low level.
Water low level (TEWAC enclosure).
Operating sequence of motor off alarm shall be:
SINCOR
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Motor running - light out and horn silent.
Motor shutdown from control station - light on steady and horn

sounding.
Motor shutdown by other means - light on and flashing, and horn

sounding.
LIGHTING
A.
B.
Lighting Design
a)
The lighting system shall be designed utilizing the minimum number of

fixtures consistent with the illumination levels specified below.
b)
Lighting fixtures shall not be located directly over equipment with exposed
moving parts.
c)
The lighting design for outdoor facilities shall be based on the maximum use
of flood lighting.
d)
All outdoor lighting shall be photocell controlled with a manual override.
e)
Light fixtures & receptacles shall not be connected to the same circuit.
Gauge glass lights and sight glass illuminators shall be fed from the
receptacle panel.
f)
In general, circuits shall be switched from lighting panels. The use of local
switches shall be kept to a minimum.
g)
Branch circuits using a common neutral conductor shall be arranged for

minimum current in the neutral conductor.
h)
Since the requirement for aviation obstruction lighting is dependent upon

location and conditions of a specific site, no provision is made for such
lighting within this standard. If specified, aviation lighting shall be per FAA
regulations, Part 77, Subchapter B. FAA form 7460-1 shall be prepared and
submitted to the appropriate FAA office prior to commencement of
construction.
Lighting Levels
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The lighting system shall be designed for the average initial illumination values
tabulated below and per COVENIN 2249 Iluminancias recomendadas en tareas
y ambientes de trabajo, whichever is more conservative:
Illumination levels for various areas appear on next page table.
AREA TYPE
Control Rooms General
Control Rooms Rear of Panel
Control Rooms Instrumentation Panels
Electrical Switchboard Room General
Electrical Switchboard Room Rear
Electrical Switchboard Room Isle
Transformer and Outdoor Switchgear
Areas
Pump and Compressor Rooms Indoors
Pump Rows Valves and Manifolds
Outdoor
Main Operating Platforms
Ordinary Platforms
Exchanger Areas (tube bundle removal)
General Yard Area
Furnace and Boiler Area
Outdoor Operational Areas
Toilet and Locker Rooms
Workshop - Interior Generally
Workshop - Exterior
Tank Farms
Offices
Drawing Offices
Street Lighting
* Elevation from floor
LEVEL
(Lux)
500
300
500
300
300
300
100
WORK
PLANE
Floor
1200 mm*
Horizontal centerline
of vertical surface
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
150
100
Floor
Ground
100
30
50
20
50
50
150
300
50
5
750
750
5
Floor
Floor
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
760 mm*
Ground
Ground
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Lighting Fixtures
a)
The selecting of the type of lighting fixtures, incandescent or fluorescent

indoor, mercury vapor, color corrected high pressure sodium (HPS) or
fluorescent outdoors, shall be governed by economics. HPS is preferred for
outdoor locations and high ceiling indoor locations. Use of incandescent
fixtures will be kept to a minimum.
b)
Where required, general lighting for open areas within hazardous and nonhazardous areas shall be by means of 400 watt high pressure sodium (HPS)
floodlight luminaries mounted on adjacent structures or on strategically
located floodlight columns. High mast floodlighting installation shall also be
used where appropriate.
c)
High bay type 250 or 400 watt high pressure sodium fixtures shall be used in
appropriate non-hazardous locations such as warehouses, workshops etc.
d)
Lighting in industrial buildings such as substations, canteens, etc. shall be by

industrial type ceiling or trunking mounted, twin lamp, fluorescent luminaries.
e)
Lighting in administration building offices, instrument rooms and similar

locations shall be by flush ceiling mounted fluorescent luminaries of a type
compatible with the building architectural finishes. Control Room luminaries
shall be of the low glare mirror optic type.
All lighting fixtures shall be approved for use in the area classifications where
they are listed.
f)
HPS fixtures shall have high power factor, constant wattage ballasts and
color-corrected lamps.
g)
In general, suitable rapid-start fluorescent lamp fixtures shall be used for

low ceiling indoor areas requiring high illumination levels such as offices
and control rooms. Fluorescent ballasts shall be "Class P", filled with a
thermosetting compound.
h)
Lighting fixtures with the exception of floodlights, shall be equipped with a

gasketed globe (or lens) and guard for the following locations:
Outdoor process area
Pump rows
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Compressor or pump houses
Outdoor areas of boiler, power, and water treating plants
Loading racks
Marine trestles and piers
i)
Fixture location shall allow safe and convenient relamping and cleaning. In
no case shall lighting fixtures be located directly over equipment having
exposed moving parts.
j)
Fixtures for grade lighting and top platforms on towers and structures shall
be equipped with reflectors while all other outdoor fixtures shall be equipped
with guards.
k)
If poles or towers are used, they shall be of metal or concrete construction

depending on economics. Steps or rungs are required when height of pole
or tower is over 10 m.
l)
In hazardous areas, switches shall be suitable for the area classification. In

non-hazardous areas, local switches may be of watertight or general
purpose construction, according to local conditions.
m)
Vertical surface illumination of instrument panels shall be obtained by the

use of fixtures especially designed for the purpose, with adjustable lamp
setting for beam control, and prismatic lens.
n)
Lighting for instrument consoles provided with CRT displays shall be such
that glare should be avoided.
o)
Standby lighting consisting of HPS fixtures with quick restrike ballast will be
placed at the center of pipe racks in process areas and at the top, landing
and bottom of ladders and stairways of operating platform in a sufficient
number to provide adequate illumination for safe personnel egress from
operating platform and process areas.
p)
All lighting on tall equipment, such as towers or columns, shall be provided

with a switch at ground level.
q)
In general, lights shall be controlled by their circuit breakers or switches in

the panelboard.
SINCOR
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However, for the control of lamp groups in individual rooms of a

process building, or where otherwise necessary, local lighting switches
shall be provided.
Street lighting and lighting for outdoor operating areas which are not
continuously attended, shall be automatically controlled (2-wire system)
by photocell. An auto-on-off selector switch shall be located at the
controller location to permit manual control of the lighting.
r)
Emergency lighting shall be located in emergency exits, escape ways, stairs,

platforms and in other process areas, as specified, and shall be connected
to a panelboard fed from the plant emergency generation system.
s)
Substations, control rooms, administration building, and all office areas shall
be provided with self-contained battery-operated emergency lighting fixtures.
LIGHTING PANELS
A.
Design Consideration
a)
Power for lighting distribution for industrial buildings such as substations,

control room, etc shall be obtained from a dry type transformer 480-208/120
Volts located centrally within industrial building.
b)
The secondary of this transformer shall be connected to a 3 phase 4 wire

208/120 Volts AC panel with main breaker and several 1pole 20Abranch
circuit breakers. Circuit loading shall not exceed 18 amps. One spare circuit
shall be provided for each 5 active circuits in the initial design. Each phase
shall be equally loaded.
c)
Nominal system voltage for outdoor area, flood lighting circuits, and street
lighting shall be 277 o 480 Volts. Outdoor lighting shall be photocell
controlled. The lighting panel for outdoor areas shall have main breaker and
several 3 pole 20 A. One spare circuit shall be provided for each 5 active
circuits in the initial design. Each phase shall be equally loaded.
d)
Nominal system voltage for indoor lighting shall be 120 Volts
e)
Circuit loading shall not exceed 80% of the rating of the protective device.
SINCOR
B.
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Enclosures
a)
Lighting panel enclosures shall be approved for use in the area classification
where they are located.
b)
A permanent circuit directory shall be provided on each panelboard. Each

circuit shall be completely and legibly identified.
WELDING AND CONVENIENCE RECEPTACLES

A.
Basis of Design
a)
When specified, welding receptacles shall be furnished on the basis of

reaching any point within the unit where welding will be performed, assuming
the use of 50 meter extension cords. Welding receptacles shall not be
provided on structures.
b)
Welding receptacles shall be arranged in groups of not more than 4 outlets

for each welding circuit. The size of the welding power supply feeder shall
be based upon the following total continuous load:
NUMBER OF
RECEPTACLES
1
2
3
4
c)
LOAD-kVA
40
55
70
80
Location of welding receptacles shall be as follows:
Grade-mounted boxes shall be located at the process unit limits.

Location shall be such that grouping of welding machines will not
congest access ways.
Welding receptacles shall be located on platforms in process unit

structures if structure height makes it impractical to supply welding
machines from grade mounted boxes.
The centerline elevation of receptacles above grade or platform shall

be about 1050 mm.
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d)
In process areas, convenience outlets shall be provided on the basis of

adequate plant coverage, assuming the use of 15 meter extension cords. In
operating offsite areas, convenience outlets shall be installed on the basis of
adequate coverage using 30 meter extension cords, except for substations
where minimum of 2 receptacles shall be furnished.
Convenience
receptacles shall be arranged in groups of not more than 6 for each 20
ampere branch circuit.
e)
Power for convenience receptacles shall be obtained from 480-208Y/120

Volts AC dry type transformer centrally located within substation building or
industrial/process building. Distribution to convenience receptacles shall be
similar to that of lighting.
f)
Convenience outlets shall be provided to serve portable lights and tools for
maintenance of outdoor installations of equipment and facilities as follows:
Within process unit areas: Outlets shall be located within 9 m of the

equipment to be serviced (tower manholes, inspection openings, etc.),
and at about 1050 mm above grade or platform.
Outside process areas where the equipment or facility is served with

permanent lighting:
If lighting voltage is the same as the required outlet voltage, the
outlets shall be supplied from the lighting panel and the outlets shall
be located as in subparagraph (a) above.
If lighting voltage is higher than the required outlet voltage, an outlet
shall be supplied from the lighting system to serve a portable
transformer (which, in turn, will supply temporary outlets during
maintenance periods).
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCIs) on all convenience outlets

shall be provided.
Panels serving convenience outlets are not to be switched on and off

with lighting circuit.
Provide minimum of 10 percent or 2 each spare breakers on lighting

panels, and 20 percent or 4 each spare on outlet panels.
SINCOR
g)
B.
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In office and control rooms, receptacle outlets shall be provided along the
walls, spaced no more than 4 meters apart, with a minimum of 2 receptacles
per room.
Receptacle Types
a)
Welding receptacles in process area or industrial building shall be rated 480

Volts, 60 Amp, 3 wire, 4 pole. In hazardous locations, the welding
receptacle shall be the explosion proof circuit breaker type. In unclassified
locations, the welding receptacle shall be a weather-resistant type. Where
both types of welding receptacles are provided, the selection shall be such
that common plugs may be used with either receptacle.
b)
For Zone 1 and Zone 2 locations, convenience receptacles shall be

explosion proof, delayed-action circuit breaking, factory-sealed type, rated
250 Volts, (for 120 VOLTS AC use) 20 A, 2 wire, 3 pole. Plugs shall be
interchangeable for both types of receptacles. Equipment shall be suitable
for outdoor service.
c)
For outdoor non-hazardous locations, weather proof receptacles rated 250

Volts, 20 A, 2 wire, 3 pole, shall be furnished. For indoor non-hazardous
locations, such as offices, etc., receptacles shall be 250 Volts, 20 A, 2 wire,
3 pole, mounted in a sheet steel box.
WIRING METHODS
A.
General
All power, motor feeders, control circuits, lighting and instrument home-run
multi-conductor cables shall be installed underground via direct buried cable
trench. Branch power, lighting and instruments may be installed aboveground on
cables trays based on economics and practicability.
In case of the new modification projects in Main Station Plant or Cluster, the
cables will be installing in spare undergroung via existing direct buried cable
trench. If this installation is impossible about of operation activities or construction
issue, the cable will be installed in new undergroung via direct buried cable trench
or abovegroung on cable trays based on economics and practicability.
20.
BURIED CABLE SYSTEMS

A.
General
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a)
Cables shall be laid in trenches or concrete duct banks in horizontal tiers.

Multi-tier cable arrangements in trenches are allowed.
b)
The route of cable trenches or concrete duct banks shall avoid aboveground
and underground obstructions so as to maintain reasonable access to the
buried cables. A minimum clearance of 300 mm shall be maintained
between cables and parallel runs of underground piping (including
insulation). Cables should preferably cross above buried pipelines. Cables
shall not be located under parallel runs of low level aboveground piping
which could block access to the cables or close to parallel piping runs which
will be expanded over the cables in the future. Adequate segregation shall
be
maintained
between
different
services.
Power
and
instrumentation/telecommunication cables shall not be laid in the same
trench or concrete duct banks. A separation of 600 mm shall be maintained
between parallel runs of instrument and electrical cables.
c)
Low voltage cables serving as two supply feeds shall have a minimum
spacing of 300 mm between them. Control cables, associated with the
feeder cables, shall be laid adjacent to their respective feeder cables.
d)
For 6.9 kV cables and larger serving as two supply feeders, they shall have
a minimum spacing of 300 mm between them. Control cables associated
with the feeder cables shall be run separate.
e)
Cables shall normally be run in one continuous length where practical but
underground joints may be installed when necessary. Cable joints shall be
recorded and their locations marked accurately on as built drawings.
f)
Alternative feeders to substations shall be separated by at least 1 meter, if

possible.
g)
In general, Power cables shall be separated by 75 mm. Non-continuously

loaded cables like control, lighting, motor operated valves, cables up to 5.5
kW load, welding, etc., may be separately grouped together without spacing
between them. When grouping these cables care should be taken to group
normally loaded cables with normally non-loaded cables as far as possible.
Space heater cables shall be considered as non-continuously loaded power
cables.
h)
Instrument and telecommunication cables shall not be laid in trenches or

concrete duct banks used for HV and LV cables. See Instrument Design
Criteria for distance between electrical and instrument cable trenches.
SINCOR
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i)
HV cables may be laid in the same trench or concrete duct banks with LV
cables but shall be separated by means of concrete blocks placed vertically.
j)
Cable routes shall normally follow the side of a road. Wherever possible HV
and LV should follow different sides.
k)
Duplicate of 34.5 kV feeders to a main substation shall follow different routes

wherever possible. If it is not possible, the feeders shall be separated by
means of concrete blocks.
l)
Cable routes shall be kept away from underground pipelines containing hot
liquids or gases. If this is unavoidable, the pipelines shall be insulated to
limit their outside skin temperature to 60C maximum. Cables shall then
cross underneath those lines with separation of 300 mm minimum.
m)
Cable arrangement shall allow space to accommodate an additional 10% of

future cables.
n)
A sufficient number of cable sections shall be shown on detail drawings to

clearly define arrangement of cables.
Cable Trench
a)
Trenches shall be run in unpaved areas.
b)
Burial depth from finished grade to the top surface of the largest cable in the
trench, shall be 600 mm minimum. An exception is for trenches containing
only off-site lighting feeder and branch cables operating at 600 Volts or less
between conductors for which burial depth may be reduced to 460 mm
minimum.
c)
Sand bedding and protective covering. Cable shall be laid on top of a layer
of clean sandfill 150 mm thick, and then covered with a layer of clean sandfill
150 mm deep as measured from the top of the largest cable. A 50 mm thick
protective covering of red concrete (135 kg/cm2 compressive strength),
either precast slabs (preferred) or cast-in-place concrete (alternative) shall
be provided on top of the sand and the remainder of the trenches backfilled
with soil. The sand shall be compacted to prevent air pockets from forming
beneath the trench cover.
d)
When segregation of cables results in requirements of a trench of more than

1.4 m, additional standard cable trenches as required may be specified. A
common concrete dividing wall between each of such trenches shall be
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provided in order to place heavy duty steel plates over the trenches for
purpose of "bridging" during movement of vehicles, etc.
e)
C.
D.
Open pipe trenches shall be crossed by means of concrete bridges or

troughs over the pipe trench. Bridges or troughs shall be backfilled with
sand and topped by asphalt.
Cables in Formed Concrete Duct Banks

a)
Within process units, sandfilled concrete lined cable duct banks with red
concrete covers shall be used.
b)
Cable duct banks shall have concrete side walls and concrete bottom.
c)
Precast or cast-in-place, reinforced, red colored concrete slabs shall be used

in paved areas to cover the formed concrete duct banks. The top of the
covers shall be flush with the adjacent paved surface.
d)
Burial depth form finished grade to the top surface of the largest cable in the
concrete duct bank shall be 150 mm minimum.
Asphalt Paved, Crushed Stone Covered and Congested Areas

Cables crossing under railroads, main and secondary roads, and concrete paved
roads, shall be run in PVC conduit sleeves encased in concrete. A minimum of
20% of PVC conduit sleeves shall be provided.
E.
F.
Conduits, Pipe Sleeves and Duct Banks

a)
Unencased conduits and sleeves shall be limited to 6 meters in length.
b)
Duct banks for buried cable systems shall consist of conduits encased in
concrete in accordance with paragraph 20 C.
c)
A separate conduit sleeve shall be provided for each circuit, except one
power cable and its associated control cable, such as a motor feeder and its
associated push-button circuit, may be run in the same conduit sleeve.
Cables Leaving the Ground
SINCOR
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Cables leaving the ground at grade shall be protected as follows:
Cables shall be protected by rigid galvanized steel conduit.
Sleeves shall extend a minimum of 150mm above grade, except as

noted on applicable standard detail.
Sleeves shall be encased in concrete 80mm thick all around.
Sleeves are not required where cables are extended above grade
beneath elevated substations.
b)
Cables entering buildings below grade shall pass through the building
foundation in individual metal conduit sleeves or pipe sleeves. Space
between cable and sleeves shall be sealed as to be liquid tight. Sealing
compound shall be impervious to liquids that may be in the ground.
c)
When direct buried cables pass through a substation building foundation an

opening in the foundation shall be used to permit entry.
Cable and Route Markings

a)
Direct buried cables shall be identified by the circuit number stamped on the
band attached to each cable as follows:
The band shall be of non-corrosive metal with machine raised lettering

and be fastened mechanically (not with adhesive).
The bands shall be attached to the cable at intervals not exceeding 5

m, at every splice, at all entries and exits to duct banks and trenches,
at pull points, and at both ends of the cable termination points.
Exception:
Where two or more bands specified are to be located at 6 meters or
less, the bands except one can be omitted.
b)
A system of route markers shall be provided to locate and identify direct

buried cables as follows:
Markers shall be located at every point where the trench changes

direction, crossing, and at intervals not greater than 15 meters within
the process unit limits and 45 meters outside the process unit limits.
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A cable splice marker shall be provided at every splicing point.
c)
For trenches 2 m or more in width, markers shall be provided on both sides

of the trench.
d)
Trenches less that 2 m in width shall be provided with markers along the
centerline of the trench.
e)
Markers shall have identification plates of corrosion-resistant metal suitable

for marking with a steel die stamp.
Plates shall have the following information:
21.
Direction of Cable Runs
Location of Splices
CABLE TRAYS
A.
General
Where cable tray is used it shall conform to the following:
a)
The design and installation of the cable tray system shall conform to
applicable IEC Standards. The installation must also comply with the cable
tray manufacturer's recommended support and loading instructions.
b)
Cable trays shall be used for power, control, and instrument wiring in plant
distribution. Separate tray systems or trays with continuous barriers shall be
used for different classes of wiring.
c)
Cable trays shall be steel, hot dipped galvanized after fabrication, the cable
tray system will be continuous and shall use vertical elbows for major
changes in elevation. Vertical adjustable splice plates may be used where
there are slight changes of elevations, and shall be supported within 600 mm
of each side of the fitting.
d)
Where required, trays shall be covered with ventilated covers to provide

mechanical protection. Trays will not be supported from piping.
e)
Straight runs in excess of 30 m shall be provided with expansion joints and

bonded with approved jumpers.
SINCOR
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f)
The requirements of IEC Standards for ventilated, metallic cable tray shall
apply wherever applicable.
g)
Cable tray systems shall be of the design of one manufacturer and shall be
designed so that there are no burrs, projections or sharp edges to damage
cable insulation.
h)
All fittings shall have the same load capacity as straight sections. Fittings
shall be of the continuous type with a 600 mm radius unless otherwise
shown on the drawing.
i)
In general, ladder type cable trays shall be 7.3 m long and shall be of the
width indicated on the drawings to provide the planned cable capacity.
j)
Ladder type cable tray with 230 mm rung spacing will be used for
multi-conductor cable, heavy loading rated.
k)
All cable tray supports shall be of the "L" or "T" type to facilitate cable
installation, utilizing pipe rack wherever possible.
l)
Distance between center of supports will be 6 m, maximum.
m)
All cable tray runs will be made electrically continuous by means of suitable
approved jumpers. Tray sections shall be connected in such a way as to
ensure electrical continuity.
n)
Cable trays cut or drilled during installation shall be restored by the

application of a cold galvanizing type compound.
o)
Power, associated control and instrumentation/telecommunication cables

shall be installed in separate cable tray. Electrical cables shall be, where
practical, separated by at least 600 mm from instrumentation and
telecommunication cables except at Switchgear/MCC and substations.
p)
Cable tray shall have a minimum load safety factor of 1.5. It shall also be
capable of carrying a 91 kg static concentrated load located at mid-span.
Cable arrangement in or on supports shall be as follows:

a)
Control cables shall be laid between power cables to the maximum extent
possible.
SINCOR
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b)
There shall be no more than two layers of multi-conductor 600 Volts power
cables sized 70 mm2. Cables greater than 70 mm2 shall be in a single layer
on the cable tray.
c)
Trays carrying only 600 V control or instrument cables may have cables
arranged in more than two layers.
d)
Cables shall be arranged to minimize the number of crossovers.
e)
Raceways may be used indoors in non-hazardous locations.
CONDUIT
A.
Conduit Type
Conduit shall conform to the following:
B.
a)
Where circuit is used, it shall be rigid hot dipped galvanized steel conduit for
aboveground and underground installations. Aluminum conduit shall not be
used.
b)
PVC conduit approved for concrete encasement may be used for

underground installations where the conduit size is 2" and larger.
Conduit System Design - Underground

a)
The minimum size conduit shall be 1" underground.
b)
No conduits shall be reduced in size below grade.
c)
Conduits shall be located to avoid sub-surface obstructions, furnaces, hot

pipe lines with outside surfaces continuously operating above 260C or other
places of high ambient temperature. Conduit shall not be installed closer
than 300 mm parallel to these hot surfaces.
d)
The minimum bending radius for underground conduits shall be 1200 mm for
all horizontal bends. The minimum bending radius for stub-ups shall follow
the manufacturers recommended minimum bending radius of the cable.
e)
Underground conduits shall be encased in red colored concrete envelopes

having a minimum strength of 175 kg/cm2. The duct bank shall be free of
voids and shall have a minimum cover of 80mm encasing the peripheral
ducts. The minimum spacing between outside surfaces of conduits shall be
25 mm for conduits, 1 " and smaller, and 50 mm for conduit sizes 2" and
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larger. Underground conduit for metallic conduits shall be installed at a

minimum depth of 450 mm below grade. When duct bank includes nonmetallic conduits, the minimum depth shall be 600mm except when
necessary to assist conditions. At a road and railroad crossings, the top of
the encasement shall be a minimum of 760 mm below the road surface of
rail base. All underground conduit shall avoid runs underneath foundation.
f)
Concrete shall be in accordance with Specification CA04-00-10-N-SP-002

except that the aggregate size shall not exceed 13 mm. To achieve coloring,
7 kg to 10 kg of red iron oxide shall be added per cubic meter of concrete.
g)
Underground conduit shall be of the following types and may be used

together in the same duct bank:
h)
23.
Rigid steel conduit, conduit elbows, couplings, and similar fittings shall
be of steel with an outer zinc protective coating and an inner protective
coating of zinc, enamel, or equivalent corrosion resistant material.
Rigid steel conduit is preferred.
Thermoplastic conduit, conduit elbows, couplings, and similar fittings

shall be rigid polyvinyl chloride or high density polyethylene. Conduit
and fittings shall be of the thin wall type for installation in a concrete
encasement.
Underground conduit generally shall run at right angles to or parallel to plant

base lines. Conduit stub-ups shall be accurately dimensioned either on the
underground layout drawings or on suitably detailed drawings. Conduits in
the formed concrete duct banks shall be arranged to facilitate peel off to
motors, etc., with a minimum of crossovers.
CABLES
A.
Basis for Cable Sizing

a)
The allowable current carrying capacity of cables shall be as specified in IEC

Standards and COVENIN 200 the latest edition.
b)
Cable shall be sized in accordance to IEC 60949 for available (permissible)

short circuit current and IEC 60287 for calculations of the current rating.
c)
Feeders to distribution centers and transformers shall be sized based upon

the maximum demand of initial loads or transformer FA rating, whichever is
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higher. In general, feeders shall have a current carrying capacity equal to

125% of the maximum demand or nameplate rating, whichever is greater.
d)
Sub-feeders from distribution centers to load shall be sized based upon the
nameplate rating of the load for motors and shall be size based upon the
IEC 60287and COVENIN 200 the latest edition.
e)
Cables shall be sized to limit voltage drops as follows:

Feeders
1% based upon maximum demand
Sub-feeders
1% based upon nameplate (FLA) Rating
Motor Branch Circuits
3% from the power center to the motor

at full load (using motor FLA Rating),
but no smaller than the minimum size
permitted. (Total feeder, sub-feeders &
motor branch circuitry not exceed 5%)
Lighting Feeder Circuits
2% from the substation panel to field

disconnect switch
Lighting Branch Feeder Circuits
3% from disconnect switch to farthest

outlet
Lighting branch circuit voltage drop may be up to 3 percent if the branch

circuit originates at a turnaround power center (i.e. feeder, if any, is of no
significant length). Also, if a branch circuit supplies only discharge type
lamps which have ballasts with taps, the branch circuit voltage drop need be
limited only so that the in service voltage at the ballasts do not fall below the
minimum tap value.
f)
Voltage drop calculations shall be based on the minimum short circuit level
of the supply.
g)
For circuits above 600 Volts, the minimum size cable shall be the smallest
practical size dictated by the short circuit level and the protective devices of
the electrical system
h)
For lighting and power circuits 600 Volts and below, the smallest conductor
size shall be 2.5 mm2, except that 1.5 mm2 shall be used for controls.
SINCOR
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i)
8 hour maximum demand shall be the basis for cable ampacity.
j)
Transformer feeders shall have an ampacity no less than the transformer

self-cooled (forced cooled > 10 MVA) rating.
k)
For off-site and remote areas supplying non-process loads, When a feeder
supplies more than one transformer its rating shall be at least equal to the
summation of the self-cooled (forced or cooled) ratings of all secondary
selective substations plus the self-cooled rating of all radial substation
transformer supplied by the feeder. This is to be approved by Owner.
l)
Lighting feeders feeding lighting panels shall have an ampacity not less than
the adjusted maximum demand of load or trip rating of the breaker.
m)
Short circuit withstand. Feeders to buses on power transformers above 600

Volts shall be sized to withstand short circuit thermal stress without damage
to the feeders. The maximum short circuit level of the supply and clearing
time of the feeder protective device shall be used to determine this condition.
n)
Feeders supplying welding terminal boxes and outlets shall be sized based
on a 0.4 demand factor.
Cable Construction
a)
Conductors 2.5 mm2 and larger shall be stranded. Lighting circuits only, 4
mm2 shall be solid.
b)
In general, Type TC, sunlight resistant, Power & Control tray cable shall be
installed in cable tray.
c)
All cable shall comply with applicable portions of IEC Standards, COVENIN
200 the latest edition and other applicable recognized codes (CENELEC,
UTE, VDE, BS...) when IEC Standard have not yet been issued.
d)
Directly buried cable shall be aliphatic hydrocarbon resistant type. Insulation

types for 6.9 kV to 35 kV cables shall be 3 conductor, shielded, cross-linked
polyethylene (XLPE) or ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), with steel tape or
wire armor over the PVC inner sheath and overall PVC sheath heat resistant
and resistant to hydrocarbon. Only when it is necessary (depending of the
process products) Cable used within process areas shall also have lead
sheath pipe. Cable insulation voltage in relation to working voltages shall be
as follows:
SINCOR
480V
6.9 kV
13.8 kV
34.5 kV
e)
f)
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0.6/1kV
6/10 kV
8.7/15 kV
26/45 kV
It shall be necessary to take into account for largest cross sections:
the possibilities of connections
the permissible installation radius
the removal operations of power consumers
Cables shall be sized in relation to the maximum air temperature and a

judicious application of factor (see IEC 60092-352, Section 1, paragraph 8
for example
Basis of Design
a)
All cables furnished with shielding shall be terminated with stress cones
and grounded in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
b)
One power circuit and its associated control circuit such as a motor feeder
shall be run in separate cables.
c)
Power system control, metering, alarm, and relaying circuits associated with
a Packaged Unit or with one major electrical equipment item, such as a
motor or transformer, may be run within one conduit, duct, tubing, or cable,
provided all circuits are insulated for 600 Volts or more. Remote tripping
circuits between substations may also be run within one multi-conductor
cable, except that:
Circuits associated with dual power sources for primary selective or

secondary-selective substations shall be run in separate cables.
Differential and pilot wire relay circuits shall be run in separate cables.
d)
Power system control, metering and signal circuits which run indoors for
major electrical equipment in the same building, such as between switchgear
and centralized control console, may be grouped in common cable tray.
e)
Motor space heater circuits may be run in the same cable with motor pushbutton circuits -- but not with the motor power (two cables) circuit -- between
the motor starter and motor, provided:
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Both circuits are insulated for 600 Volts; and
The space heater circuit is not extended into the motor push-button
enclosure.
f)
If conductors are paralleled for multi-conductor cable, each cable shall

contain all phase. Also, neutral, if any, shall be contained in all cables if
neutral load current can exceed 15 percent of normal phase current.
g)
Design shall not permit power circuits to enter or leave a metallic enclosure
with a separate entry or exit for any phase or neutral (if any) conductors, if
this would cause overheating of the enclosure due to induction. One
acceptable solution is for all conductors of the power circuits to be passed
through an insulating wall or sheet large enough to accommodate all
conductors.
h)
Telephone and signal circuits operating at less than 65 Volts may be run in
the same cable, duct, tubing, cable tray or cable trench with each other, but
not with circuits of higher voltage.
i)
Quick-disconnect arrangements, when specified for certain motors, such as

motors driving in-line pumps, shall meet the following:
j)
Arrangements shall consist of a plug with flexible cable connected to

the motors and a plug receptacle located close to the motor.
Quick disconnects shall not be used in Zone 1 locations.
Quick disconnects shall not be used with motors rated above 600 volts.
Plugs and receptacles used in Zone 2 locations shall be of a type

approved for the location.
Plugs and receptacles which are not interlocked with a switching device
shall be capable of safely interrupting motor locked rotor current.
Switches or circuit breakers used with interlocked receptacles shall not

have over current protective devices.
Flexible cable shall not be used for motors larger than 40 kW.
If specified for pairs of motors, the quick disconnect arrangement shall

permit running either motor from a single feeder circuit and controller.
SINCOR
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k)
Wiring shall be routed, wherever possible, to provide a minimum spacing of

7.5 m horizontally from potential fire hazards such as pumps and other high
fire risk equipment. This spacing is considered adequate to prevent damage
to wiring from a controlled fire at the equipment.
l)
Critical wiring shall not be routed closer than 3 m horizontally to potential fire
hazards such as pumps and other high risk fire equipment. Critical wiring
routed between 3 and 7.5 m horizontally from potential hazards shall be
protected from fire. Protection shall consist of 50 mm covering of mineral
wool and an overall steel jacket. Ampacity of power wiring so protected shall
be derated to account for the thermal insulating effect of the protective
covering and jacket.
m)
Power cables associated to adjustable speed electrical power drive systems,

including incoming, converter transformer-rectifier, and inverter-motor
circuits, shall be specified by the power drive Seller taking into consideration
harmonics and dv/dt present in each circuit.
Color Coding
a)
The color coding for multi-wire cables shall be as follows:
Power phase leads shall be black.
Multi-wire lighting circuits and 2-wire branch circuits connected to the

same system shall conform to the following:
480/277 Volts
208Y/120 Volts
Phase A- Brown
Phase B- Orange
Phase C- Yellow
Neutral- Gray
Ground- Green (or
yellow/green)
Phase A- Black
Phase B- Red
Phase C- Blue
Neutral- White
Ground- Green
c)
All control leads, including those for push-button stations, interlock circuits,
instrument control circuits, current and potential transformer circuits, etc.,
shall be red.
d)
Power supplies to/from instruments shall be yellow (live line) and white for
the neutral.
e)
All grounding conductors shall be either bare or have a green covering.
SINCOR
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GROUNDING
A.
Grounding for Safety of Personnel

Metallic non-current carrying parts of equipment connected to electrical circuits,
and all major electrical equipment, such as motors, transformers, switchgear,
motor starters, etc., shall be grounded by the conduit or raceway connection to
the power supply ground network or, if such equipment is isolated, to one or more
ground rods or other suitable grounding electrodes. Supplementary grounding
shall be provided by a grounding cable connection from the equipment to the local
ground network.
B.
Grounding for Protection Against Static Electricity

Tanks and process vessels containing flammable liquids or gases shall be
grounded by a connection to the ground network, or by bonding to a grounded
metal structure, except that metal enclosures in intimate contact with the ground
may be considered to be adequately protected. In areas where flammable
vapor-air mixtures exist, electrically isolated sections of metallic piping shall be
bonded to the rest of the system. Water-cooled type heat exchangers shall not be
grounded against static electricity.
C.
Grounding for Protection Against Lightning

a)
Generally all elevated and/or isolated objects such as stacks, columns

structures, etc. shall be grounded for lightning protection.
b)
Metal-frame structures, drums or other equipment not shielded as described

above shall be grounded on at least two sides by connection to the ground
network, or by other suitable means in the event a network is not available.
c)
Building protection, when specified, shall be in accordance with local

building codes.
d)
Lightning protection for structures without metallic frames or siding shall be

in accordance with the applicable IEC Standard, or equivalent national
standard.
SINCOR
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e)
Grounds shall be artificial grounding electrodes. Resistance to earth shall

not exceed 5 ohms.
f)
If more than one artificial electrode is connected to a ground system, the

electrodes shall be spaced at least 3 m apart.
Grounding for Instrumentation and Signal Systems

Instrumentation and signal systems design shall include grounding to reduce the
effects of electrical interference.
E.
F.
Grounding for Electrical System Protection

a)
Grounding and bonding for protection of the electrical system circuits and
equipment shall be installed to minimize damage in case of ground faults by
providing low fault impedance, thereby limiting the voltage to ground and
facilitating the operation of the overcurrent devices.
b)
For electrical systems with grounded neutral, a supplementary grounding

cable equal to the main loop shall be installed to interconnect the grounding
networks of the process unit with the substation.
c)
All conduits, raceways or other equipment grounding conductors shall be

bonded to the substation grounding network.
Grounding Network (Grounding Electrode System)

a)
In general, a ground network shall be installed around substations,

switchrooms, major buildings, major process units, consisting of a main
cable loop aboveground connection points, branch cables from loop to
individual grounds, and necessary inspection points on all ground rods.
Cable for the main loop shall be 70 mm2 and for branch runs, it shall be 35
mm2 stranded bare copper.
b)
When required, a grid type grounding network shall be provided for

substations and large electrical equipment areas, utilizing compression type
grid connectors.
c)
Insofar as possible, copper ground conductors shall be laid directly in the

ground without breaks or joints, and shall have 300 mm minimum cover.
When unavoidable, underground joints shall be brazed or thermochemically
welded, suitably covered and protected. The cable between ground rods
shall be laid with slack.
SINCOR
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A ground rod shall be attached to the main cable loop at intervals as

required to obtain resistance to earth not exceeding 5 ohms, except that the
interval between ground rods shall not exceed 23 m.
Ground resistance shall be measured with a portable hand-cranked 40 ohm

"Megger" ground testing instrument. When the ground resistance exceeds 5
ohms, additional ground rods or ground mats shall be installed to meet this
specification. Instead of additional rods, extensions to the rods may be
added to drive the ground rods deeper into the earth.
G.
H.
e)
Ground rods shall be Copperweld, 19 mm diameter minimum, length 3 m or

more as required by the water table.
f)
In general, the ground networks of all substations shall be interconnected

by a grounding cable equal to the main loop.
g)
For the purposes of equipment grounding and electrical system protective

grounding, the grounding conductor shall be continuous from the equipment
to the ground network of the corresponding supply substation.
Grounding Conductors
a)
Grounding conductor burial depths shall be at least 450 mm. Burial depths
in switch or transformer yards graded with stone shall be at least 300 mm
below the stone.
b)
In off-site areas, if the wiring method is underground conduit or direct buried

cable, grounding conductors shall be laid along a formed side of the duct
banks or cable trenches, respectively, as far as routing permits.
Grounding Conductor Routing

a)
For solidly grounded systems, the neutral grounding conductor shall be

insulated for at least line-to-neutral voltage where the conductor passes
along or in the enclosure of electrical equipment. Specifically this applies to:
Runs from transformer or generator terminal chamber or CT enclosure

to transformer ground pad or generator grounding point.
Runs from transformer or generator neutrals to switchgear neutral bus

or ground bus.
SINCOR
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Runs from switchgear neutral bus to switchgear grounds bus.
b)
For impedance grounded systems, the connection between neutral and

impedance must be insulated for at least line-to-neutral voltage.
c)
Protective conduits for neutral grounding conductors, if used, shall be rigid

aluminum or non-metallic conduit. Non-metallic conduit shall be heavy wall
rigid polyvinyl chloride or high density polyethylene.
Enclosure Grounding
a)
Metal enclosure for wire and cable such as conduits, cable trays and
raceways shall be grounded at their supply ends by connection to the
switchgear or control center ground bus, when such equipment is used; or
by connection to the grounded metallic equipment enclosures when
switchracks are used. The metal enclosures shall be metallically connected
to utilization equipment enclosures at their load end.
b)
The electrical continuity of metal enclosures for wire and cable shall be
assured between terminations.
c)
Metallic armor and sheaths, and metallic insulation shielding of all cables
shall be bonded together and grounded at the cables supply end by
connection to the switchgear or control center ground bus, when such
equipment is used; or by connection to the grounded metal equipment
enclosures when switchracks are used.
d)
Metallic armor and sheaths of multi-conductor cable shall be bonded and

grounded per the following:
e)
Bonded together and grounded at each cable termination.
Bonded together at each splice and bonded across each splice.
Bonded together and to equipment metal enclosures at the load end.
Metallic insulation shielding in shielded multi-conductor cable shall be

grounded at each termination and shall be bonded to the cable metal sheath
and armor (if any). If practicable, the insulation shielding of cable with
multiple splices, also shall be grounded at each splice and bonded to the
cable metal sheath and armor (if any).
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f)
Single-conductor cables. Bonding and grounding methods for singleconductor cables having metallic armor, sheaths or insulation shielding must
be engineered for the specific installation to avoid dangerous sheath or
shield voltages or excessive heating due to circulating currents. Generally,
single-conductor cables smaller than 250 mm2 with all three phases in the
same duct may be bonded and grounded the same as multiconductor
cables. Armor, sheaths, and shielding of larger cables may require single
point grounding with insulating joint between grounded sections.
g)
Metal enclosures of fixed equipment operating above 600 Volts between

conductors shall be grounded by a connection to a ground in their immediate
vicinity.
h)
Metal enclosures of fixed equipment operating at 600 Volts or less between

conductors and supplied from underground or high resistance grounded
systems shall be grounded. The grounding method shall be according to the
applicable IEC Standard and COVENIN 200.
i)
Main distribution equipment. Metal-clad and metal-enclosed switchgear,

control centers and turnaround power centers shall be grounded by two
separate connections from their ground busses to grounds in the immediate
vicinity. The metal enclosures of the individual devices on switchracks shall
be bonded to the switchrack frame, and the frame shall be grounded by two
separate connections to grounds in the immediate vicinity. Equipment
grounds in substations of grounded neutral systems shall be interconnected
with the substation neutral ground.
j)
If supplied from solidly grounded systems, metal enclosures of fixed

equipment operating at 600 Volts or less between conductors are
considered grounded through their ground return path and do not require
further grounding.
k)
Vessels and tanks with a diameter of 8 m or more shall be grounded at two

points.
l)
Pipe racks shall be grounded at intervals not exceeding 40 m.
m)
Metal enclosures of portable equipment shall be connected to a grounding

conductor located within the same cable assembly as the line conductors
supplying the equipment as follows:
Grounding conductor shall be the same size as the line conductor.
SINCOR
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Grounding conductor shall be connected to the receptacle enclosure

through separate contacts in the supply plug and receptacle, and shall
be bonded to the plug enclosure.
Plug and receptacle shall be polarized and arranged so that the ground
connection makes first and breaks last.
n)
Metal enclosures such as fences, partitions, and grill work around equipment
operating above 600 Volts between conductors, shall be grounded by
connections to grounds in their immediate vicinity.
o)
Metal fences and grills enclosing the space under elevated substation
buildings shall be grounded by connections to ground in their immediate
vicinity.
GROUND RETURNS
a)
A grounded return path is required for each circuit in the following:
Solidly grounded systems.
Low resistance grounded systems.
b)
If switchgear or control centers are used, the supply ends of ground return
paths shall terminate at the switchgear or control center ground bus.
c)
If switchracks are used, the supply ends of ground return paths shall
terminate by connection to the metal enclosure of the individual control
devices.
d)
The load ends of ground return paths shall terminate by connection to a

ground bus, when available, or to the metal enclosure of the equipment
served by the ground paths circuit.
e)
Ground return paths shall be one of the following:
Cable conductor for lightning and receptacles.
Cable armor and/or lead sheath for motors.
SINCOR
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Armor or sheaths of metal clad cable used in circuits not more than 45
m in length and protected by overcurrent devices having a nominal
rating of 20 amperes or less.
Sheaths of metal-clad cables used in circuits protected by ground

relaying and provided that the sheath is capable of carrying the
maximum ground fault current without damage (to the sheath or cable)
for the time allowed by the slowest responsive relay.
Metal-enclosed bus duct enclosures where bus duct length does not
exceed 7.5 m.
The combined impedance of the ground return path and the supply circuit
line conductors shall be low enough to ensure operation of the circuit
overcurrent protective device in less than 2 seconds on a single line-to
ground fault at the load end of the circuit. An arc voltage of 40 Volts in
phase with the line-to-neutral source voltage shall be assumed at the fault
point. For receptacle circuits, the impedance of the plug connected portable
cord shall be included in the combined impedance used to check operation
of the protective device. Maximum cord length of 30 m shall be assumed.
NOTES:
25.
For circuits protected by ground relaying, circuit lengths established by

voltage drop limits in normal operation will generally result in ground
return path impedance low enough to meet these requirements.
For circuits with phase protection only (not protected by ground

relaying), normal circuit lengths may result in return path impedance
too high to ensure proper operation of the circuit overcurrent protective
devices on ground faults.
DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
DC Distribution system, when is required, shall be provided to ensure continuous
power for controls of critical process equipment, instrumentation, communications and
other items necessary to provide safe and secure plant operations and control. The DC
Distribution System shall have a minimum 30 minutes of battery backup. The The DC
Distribution System will be provided in accordance with Specification CA04-04-33-PSP-006
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.
26.
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)

UPS system, when required, shall be provided to ensure continuous power for controls
of critical process equipment, instrumentation, communications and other items
necessary to provide safe and secure plant operations and control. The alternate input
power of the UPS shall be provided by the emergency power generator. The UPS
shall have a minimum 30 minutes of battery backup. The UPS system will be provided
in accordance with Specification CA04-04-33-P-SP-007.
27.
EMERGENCY POWER GENERATION

Emergency power shall be generated by local diesel generator unit(s). The generator
shall be sized to all loads necessary for safe shutdown of the plant and shall maintain
operation of essential safety utilities including 30% process unit lighting. Distribution
for emergency lighting shall be similar to normal lighting. The power from this
emergency generator shall also be supplied to DC battery chargers and UPS. The
generator system will be provided in accordance with Specification CA04-04-33-P-SP020.
28.
CATHODIC PROTECTION
If required, cathodic protection shall be provided for all metal structures exposed to soil
or water. Appropriate application shall be made on either impressed current or
sacrificial and methods for buried or immersed structures, vessels, pipes and tank
bars, refer to Specification CA04-04-33-P-SP-030.
29.
AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHTS

Aircraft warning lights shall be installed on high chimneys and structures as required by
international and local regulations.
30.
ELECTRICAL HEAT TRACE

A.
The purpose of the electric heat tracing system is to maintain process

temperature for the piping (equipment and instrument lines) where required and
not provided by other means.
B.
The heating cable type shall be dependent upon which is most technically and
economically feasible, and shall be suitable for the area classification and
SINCOR

CA04-04-33-P-DC-101
Page /File:
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Rev./Date:
X3 / Oct, 17-05
exposure temperatures. The cable shall be sized for the required output per
meter or foot of pipe.
C.
For use in corrosive environment, the heater shall have an outer jacketing of
fluropolymer or other corrosion resistant construction.
D.
Thermostats for lower and upper limit control, as required, shall be provided.
a)
Contactor shall be provided where needed for the heater load.
b)
In hazardous location areas, the thermostats and contactors shall be

suitable for the location.
SINCOR
31.

CA04-04-33-P-DC-101
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Rev./Date:
X3 / Oct, 17-05
SUBSTATION BUILDINGS AND SWITCHROOMS

A.
B.
Location and General Considerations

a)
In general, substation buildings shall be considered a special non-hazardous

or natural unclassified location as defined in Section 6 of this standard.
b)
Where the building is classified "special non-hazardous," the design

requirements for positive-pressure
ventilation shall be indicated by
Mechanical Design Discipline, and shall be in compliance with the IEC and
COVENIN 200. Ventilating blower motors shall have drip-proof or general
purpose enclosures and shall not be installed in the air stream. Blower
motors shall be 3-phase induction type. A Dry-Sys air flow switch shall be
provided and arranged to actuate a time delay alarm device upon loss of
building air pressure. Generally, the building shall have a slight positive
pressure.
c)
The requirements for fresh air intake, static design, stack designs and type
of building construction shall be indicated by Mechanical Design Discipline.
Design Requirements
a)
Substation buildings shall not have windows and shall be provided with at
least 1 personnel door and 1 equipment door (double door). The equipment
doors shall accommodate the largest assembled unit of equipment, using
standard size doors with removable panels above, if required. Preferably,
doors shall be located at opposite ends of the substation building and shall
be provided with weather proof louvers.
b)
The initial layout of the substation building shall be provided with space for
the addition of 20% future equipment.
c)
The building shall be provided with cable room approximately 1.8 m high
under beam to allow for routing and termination of cable. Cable room shall
be provided with doors wide enough to move dry type transformers.
d)
Where possible, 2 exit paths shall be provided out of the work space or the
operating aisle of switchgear or motor control equipment. 2 exits are
mandatory for every room containing electrical equipment that would have
length of more than 12 m.
In addition, the following minimum clearances around equipment shall be
provided:
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CA04-04-33-P-DC-101
Page /File:
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Rev./Date:
X3 / Oct, 17-05
Behind Switchgear
Between equipment ends or between ends and wall
Operating Aisle (between switchgear and control
centers)
Operating Aisle (between control centers only)
800 mm
800 mm
1500 mm
or Manufacturers
Minimum
(greater of the two)
1200mm
e)
A minimum vertical clearance of 450 mm shall be provided above the

highest equipment section measured to the bottom of the lowest roof beam.
f)
Where required, station batteries and charging equipment shall be installed

in the same room with switchgear and shall be located at a minimum of 1.5
m from other equipment.
g)
Substation building floors shall be level and smooth. Floor steel provided for
the mounting of switchgear and control equipment shall be installed even
with the finished floor and shall be perfectly level.
h)
Oil filled transformers shall be located outside the Switchgear/MCC Room

and shall be arranged to minimize the length of bus duct or secondary cable,
and a minimum clearance of 1 m from the building wall shall be provided. A
minimum clearance of 1 m shall also be provided between transformers and
fire barrier. The clearance shall be measured from the transformer
extremities, such as secondary throat, etc. A fire barrier of two hour rated
construction shall be built between transformers and between building and
transformer. Each transformer shall be provided with catch basin around the
transformer which shall be sized for the volume of oil in the largest
transformer plus the max daily rainfall (10 yr. - 24 hr storm). The remaining
area between fire barriers and catch basins shall be filled with crushed
stone.
i)
Suitable concrete pads shall be provided for mounting transformers and

grounding resistors.
j)
A suitable chain-link fence shall be provided around transformer areas.

Fence posts shall be installed on the perimeter curb. Two (2) 1.2m wide
personnel gates shall be located at opposite ends. Removable fence
sections shall be provided as required for the removal of equipment.
k)
Cooling design of substation buildings shall be as follows:
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CA04-04-33-P-DC-101
Page /File:
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Rev./Date:
X3 / Oct, 17-05
Design shall include moisture-proofing and thermal insulation to prevent

corrosion and to aid in limiting indoor temperature extremes. However, no
means of ventilation such as louvers or roof ventilators shall be provided
except exhaust type natural draft roof ventilators may be used as required
for switchgear control battery room.
C.
l)
Mechanical refrigeration shall be provided in substations to maintain an

internal temperature range of 26C 1C with relative humidity of 50% 5%.
Two (2) 100% units (one operating and one stand-by) shall be provided.
m)
For substations of blast-resistant design, an outdoor compressor/condenser

unit and separate evaporator/fan unit will be required.
n)
Arrangement of HVAC system, exchangers, ducting shall be so designed

that water leakage or water condensation cannot occur/spill into substation
switchgear.
o)
Heat losses of electrical equipment located indoors, such as exciters,

transformers, and rheostats, shall be considered in calculating needed
amounts of artificial heating and cooling.
p)
Air conditioning equipment, when suspended from the roof inside a

substation, shall not be located over electrical equipment.
Additional Design Requirements

Substations buildings walls and floors shall be fire resistant 2 hour rated. Blast
resistant construction shall impose special treatment for every penetrations
through walls and roof to prevent blast over pressure to affect inside equipment,
such as:
HVAC ducts penetration shall be installed with necessary anti-return

damper louvers.
Busducts penetrations shall include necessary wall crossing seal

blocks.
All doors giving way to outside of building shall be equipped with

anti-panic opening bars and automatic door re-closures.
SINCOR
32.

CA04-04-33-P-DC-101
Page /File:
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Rev./Date:
X3 / Oct, 17-05
ELECTRICAL FIELD TESTS

For shop information requirements, refer to the applicable equipment specification.
33.
INSPECTION
For shop information requirements, refer to the applicable equipment specification.
34.
STANDARDIZATION
A.
For ease of maintenance and to limit the spare parts inventory, it is intended that
as far as is practical, each class and category of electrical equipment shall be of
the same type and supplied by the same manufacturer wherever it is used on the
SINCOR Upstream Surface facilities.
When similar cases and categories of electrical equipment are included in
packages, vendors shall be required to purchase the same standard types.

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Project Title: SINCOR, C. A.

Document OFW CLASS: 01

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA

Document OFW CLASS: 01

CODES AND REGULATIONS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

ENCLOSURES AND TYPE OF MECHANICAL PROTECTION

INSTALLATION TYPE SELECTION

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN

10. POWER TRANSFORMERS

11. SMALL DRY-TYPE TRANSFORMERS

13. MOTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Document OFW CLASS: 01

14. RELAYING AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

17. LIGHTING PANELS

18. WELDING AND CONVENIENCE RECEPTACLES

19. WIRING METHODS

20. BURIED CABLE SYSTEMS

21. CABLE TRAYS

25. DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

26. UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)

27. EMERGENCY POWER GENERATION

28. CATHODIC PROTECTION

29. AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHTS

Document OFW CLASS: 01

30. ELECTRICAL HEAT TRACE

31. SUBSTATION BUILDINGS AND SWITCHROOMS

32. ELECTRICAL FIELD TESTS

Document OFW CLASS: 01

Reliability and Flexibility

Provisions for future requirements as hereinafter specified

A selective system of protective devices

Equipment with adequate interrupting capacity, continuous current capacity and

Minimal environmental exposure of the electrical equipment

The lowest life cycle cost (LCC)

Easy of maintenance and operation

CODES AND REGULATIONS

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

Document OFW CLASS: 01

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

National Electrical Code (NFPA #70)

American Petroleum Institute (API)

Venezuelan Cdigo Elctrico Nacional, FONDONORMA 200 (the latest edition

Cdigo Nacional de Seguridad en Instalaciones de Suministro de Energa

Comit Venezolano de Normas Industriales (COVENIN)

Local codes and standards

Engineering Documents by Contractor and/or by Vendor

Classification of hazardous locations.

One line diagrams for instrument power supplies.

Electrical equipment specifications & material requisitions (MR).

Document OFW CLASS: 01

Schematic and wiring diagrams.

Connection and interconnection diagrams.

Short circuit calculations (maximum and minimum values), including motor

Tabular forms for relay data.

Relay coordinating study.

Underground cable layouts.

Aboveground cable layouts.

Lighting layouts and wiring diagrams.