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Multiply Multi-Digit
Numbers
connectED.mcgraw-hill.com
The
BIG Idea
Investigate
Animations
Vocabulary
Math Songs
Multilingual
eGlossary
Learn
Personal Tutor
Virtual
Manipulatives
Audio
Foldables
Practice
iply
Mult umbers
it N
i-Dig
t
l
Tens
u
M
witth
Mult
tion
iplica
on
licati
Multip
Digit
tion
a
c
Twoli
p
i
Multip
n
-Digit
catio
Thrree
ultipli
M
it
ig
Dig
Multi-
Review Vocabulary
estimate estimacin
a number close to
an exact value
Self-Check Practice
eGames
Worksheets
Assessment
les.
There are ab ou t 150 marb
Key Vocabulary
English
multiple
factor
product
238
Espaol
mltiplo
factor
producto
You can do
it, Carmen!
Boy,
Carmen really
played well this
year. Right, Miss
Wilson?
Its the
last game
of the season.
Im going
for it!
In fact, Carmen
has scored about
12 points per
game this
season.
She
sure did,
Ashley.
Way to go,
Carmen!
Thanks,
Coach!
Youll
probably get the How many
trophy for high points have you
score this
scored all
year.
season?
Well,
Miss Wilson
said I scored
about 12 points
per game.
Your Tthuiisrn!
You will sollve
err.
teer
problem in the chap
Text Option
Add.
6.
759
+
307
9.
6,005
+
8,204
7. 5,138
+
507
10.
8. 9,290
+
812
34,068
+
6,055
11.
242,607
+
480,196
13.
Multiply.
14. 36 7
Online Option
240
15. 40 9
16. 86 5
Multi-Part
Lesson
PART
Main Idea
I will multiply a whole
number by a multiple
of ten.
Multiply by Tens
When you multiply a two-digit number by a multiple of ten,
such as 20, 30, 40, , the digit in the ones place is always
a zero.
Get ConnectED
SPI 0406.2.11
Solve problems using
whole number multi-digit
multiplication. Also
addresses GLE 0406.1.3.
Multiply by Tens
PHOTOGRAPHS Rita took
20 pictures at her family
reunion. She printed the
pictures so that each of her
25 family members could
have them. How many
pictures did Rita print?
You need to find 25 20.
One Way:
25
25
25
(25
Use Properties
20
(10 2)
(2 10)
2) 10
50 10
500
Another Way:
25
20
0 ones 25 = 0
25
20
500
2 tens 25 = 50 tens
241
Multiply by Tens
M
MUSIC An electronics
store has 30 digital music
players in stock that
cost $125 each. How
much do the digital music
players cost altogether?
Step 1
Step 2
0 ones 125 = 0
$3,750
3 10 125
(3 10) $125
(10 3) $125
10 (3 $125)
10 $375
$3,750
Think of 30 as 3 10.
Commutative Property
Associative Property
Multiply. 3 $125 = $375
Mental Math
36
10
4. $255 20
2.
3.
5. $389 40
53
30
79
80
6. $518 70
8.
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15
20
10.
27
30
11.
46
40
12.
53
60
13. 80 80
14. 94 90
15. $275 10
16. $312 30
17. $381 50
18. $457 50
19. $564 70
20. $698 80
Birds
29. OPEN ENDED Create a number sentence with two 2-digit factors
whose product has three zeros.
30. WHICH ONE DOESNT BELONG? Identify the multiplication
problem that does not belong with the other three. Explain.
15 30
31.
28 20
41 21
67 40
243
Multi-Part
Lesson
PART
Main Idea
I will estimate products
by rounding.
Get ConnectED
GLE 0406.1.2
Apply and adapt a variety
of appropriate strategies
to problem solving,
including estimation,
and reasonableness
of the solution.
Estimate Products
The word about tells you to estimate. When you estimate
the product of two 2-digit factors, it is helpful to round
them both.
Estimate Products
ANIMALS A hamster sleeps
14 hours each day. About
how many hours does a
hamster sleep in 3 weeks?
There are 21 days in 3 weeks.
So, estimate 21 14.
Step 1
21
14
Step 2
21 rounds to 20.
14 rounds to 10.
Multiply.
0 ones 20 = 0
1 ten 20 = 20 tens
20
10
200
Actual Product
20
10
Estimate
Part Not Included
244
Estimate Products
MEASUREMENT Tonya spends 35 minutes playing at the
park each day. About how many minutes does she play
at the park in a year?
There are approximately 365 days in a year. So, you need
to estimate 365 35.
Step 1 Round each factor to its greatest place.
400
40
365
35
Step 2
Multiply.
400
40
16,000
365
35
Actual Product
40
Estimate
Estimate.
Estimate Tell whether the estimate is greater than or less than
the actual product. See Examples 1 and 2
1.
34
12
2.
57
25
3. $376 17
6.
4. 525 43
245
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28
25
8.
43
14
9.
$56
37
10.
58
29
11.
64
41
12.
79
55
13.
$91
64
14.
94
82
15. $234 11
16. 352 37
17. 489 86
18. 535 42
19. 678 56
20. 739 84
21. 891 78
22. 919 92
246
127
148
205
Green Darner
arner
y Facts
Dragonfly
Average adult length 74 millimeters
Maximum length
of nymph
55 millimeters
Test Practice
32. The length of an anaconda is shown
below.
20 ft
What is the total length of
35 anacondas? (Lesson 1A)
A. 600 feet
C. 800 feet
B. 700 feet
D. 900 feet
A. 400 feet
C. 430 feet
B. 420 feet
D. 440 feet
F. 7,000
H. 5,000
G. 6,000
I. 4,000
F. 400 miles
H. 800 miles
G. 700 miles
I. 1,000 miles
27
10
37.
43
50
38.
$96
70
39. Jenna collected 20 bags of cans to recycle last year. There were
58 cans in each bag. How many cans did Jenna collect last year?
(Lesson 1A)
247
Multi-Part
Lesson
PART
Problem-Solving Strategy:
Make a Table
Understand
Plan
Solve
10
20
30
40
50
60
180
360
540
720
900
1,080
Check
GLE 0406.2.6 Solve problems involving whole numbers, fractions, and/or decimals using all four arithmetic
operations. SPI 0406.2.11 Solve problems using whole number multi-digit multiplication. Also addresses GLE 0406.1.5.
248
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24
20
16
12
8
4
0
Armadillo Koala
Animal
249
Multi-Part
Lesson
Two-Digit Multiplication
PART
Main Idea
I will explore
multiplying by two-digit
numbers.
Multiply Two-Digit
Numbers
You have used the Distributive Property of Multiplication to find
a product. You can use the Distributive Property to multiply
two-digit numbers.
Materials
colored pencils
graph paper
Distributive Property
3 (10 + 1)
(3 10) + (3 1)
30 + 3
33
10
Get ConnectED
SPI 0406.2.11
Solve problems using
whole number multi-digit
multiplication. Also
addresses GLE 0406.1.3.
Find 12 15.
Step 1
Step 2
Draw a rectangle.
Draw a rectangle
on graph paper.
Use 12 and
15 as the
dimensions.
Separate the tens
and ones.
First, write
15 as 10 and 5.
Next, write
12 as 10 and 2.
15
12
10
10
250
Step 3
Step 4
10
10
10 10 = 100
10 5
= 50
2 10 = 20
2 5
= 10
=
100
+
50 +
20
+ 10
10 2 5
20 2 10
= 180
50 10 5
+ 100 10 10
About It
1. How would you use the Distributive Property to find 12 18?
and Apply It
Write the multiplication sentence for each area model. Multiply.
10
2.
3.
20
10
10
5. 14 18
6. 25 28
Multi-Part
Lesson
Two-Digit Multiplication
PART
Main Idea
I will multiply two-digit
numbers.
Get ConnectED
SPI 0406.2.11
Solve problems using
whole number multi-digit
multiplication. Also
addresses GLE 0406.1.1,
GLE 0406.1.7.
Multiply Two-Digit
Numbers
There is more than one way to multiply two-digit numbers.
Multiply
MEASUREMENT A coyote
travels 27 miles each
hour. How far can a
coyote travel in 12 hours?
Find 27 12.
One Way:
Partial
Products
Another Way:
Step 1
27
12
14
40
70
+ 200
324
Paper
and Pencil
27
12
Multiply 2 7.
54
Multiply 2 20.
Multiply 10 7.
Multiply 10 20.
Add partial
products.
20
Step 2
2 27
27
12
54
270
2 27
10 27
200
70
11
27
12
40
14
54
+ 270
324
252
Add.
Multiply Money
EXPENSES Heidis monthly
bills are shown. How much
h
does she spend on her celll
phone service in 2 years?
Monthly Bills
$55
$38
$21
$93
Estimate 40 20 = 800
Make an estimate
to check the
reasonableness
of the answer.
Step 1
Step 2
$38
24
$38
24
4 38
152
152
+ 760
Step 3
30
20
600
160
120
32
152
+ 760
20 38
Add.
912
Multiply.
Multiply SSee EExamples
l 1 and
d2
1.
35
24
2.
$57
42
3. 92 81
5.
253
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19
15
7.
36
24
8.
42
38
9.
52
47
10.
$54
51
11.
$68
46
12.
$74
63
13.
$82
49
14. 47 24
15. 64 46
16. 83 67
Basketball
Brainteaser
Basketball
Brainteaser
Remember,
Carmen scored
about 12 points
per basketball game
and is trying to
figure out her
total points for
the season.
To find my
total number
of points, I
need to find
how many
games we
played.
20. How many points has Carmen scored during the 14-game
basketball season?
22
15
22.
$45
28
$66
25
37
18
17. 91 78
Mid-Chapter
Check
Multiply. (Lesson 1A)
1.
2.
38
30
52
20
(Lesson 1C)
10 in.
A. 200 inches
C. 400 inches
B. 300 inches
D. 500 inches
24
14
6.
$37
21
12.
27
13
13. $67 42
45
14
14. 77 53
(Lesson 1B)
F. 4,000 days
H. 7,000 days
G. 5,000 days
I.
70 40
8,000 days
Mid-Chapter Check 255
Multi-Part
Lesson
MP-Title
-Title
Three-Digit
Multiplication
PART
Main Idea
I will explore
multiplying by
three-digit numbers.
Multiply Three-Digit
Numbers
Area models can help you multiply by three-digit numbers.
Break up the area model according to its place value.
Get ConnectED
Find 15 327.
F
SPI 0406.2.11
Solve problems using
whole number multi-digit
multiplication.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Draw a model.
Draw a rectangle.
Use 15 and 327 as
the dimensions.
Separate each
place value.
First, write 327
as 300 + 20 + 7.
Next, write the 15
as 10 + 5.
327
15
300
10
= 3,000
= 200
=
70
10
= 1,500
= 100
5
= + 35
4,905
256
+ 20 + 7
300
+ 20 + 7
3,000
200 70
1,500
100 35
Find 32 596.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Draw a model.
Draw a rectangle.
Use 32 and 596 as
the dimensions.
Separate each
place value.
First, use expanded
form to write 596
as 500 + 90 + 6.
Next, write 32 as
30 + 2.
596
32
500
+ 90 + 6
500
+ 90 + 6
30
15,000
2,700180
1,000
180 12
30
= 15,000
= 2,700
=
180
= 1,000
=
180
= + 12
19,072
About It
1. In Activity 2, why is 32 broken into 30 and 2?
2. How does place value help you separate the parts?
Lesson 3A Three-Digit Multiplication 257
Multi-Part
Lesson
Three-Digit Multiplication
PART
Main Idea
I will multiply a
three-digit number by
a two-digit number.
Get ConnectED
Multiply Three-Digit
Numbers by Two-Digit
Numbers
You can multiply 3-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers.
SPI 0406.2.11
Solve problems using
whole number multi-digit
multiplication.
Multiply
PHONES Rose uses about 275
5 minutes
on her cell phone each month.
h.
How many minutes does Rose
e
use in a year?
There are 12 months in 1 year..
So, multiply the number of minutes
nutes
each month by 12. Find 275 12.
Estimate 300 10 = 3,000
Step 1 Multiply 275 by 2.
11
11
275
12
275
12
550
2,750
550
2 275
10 275
200
70
10
2,000
700
50
400
140
10
11
275
12
550
+2,750
Add.
3,300
258
Multiply Money
MONEY A school bought 25 of the computers shown.
What was the total cost?
You need to multiply $749 by 25.
Estimate $700 30 = $21,000
Step 1
Multiply $749 by 5.
24
$749
25
$3,745
Step 2
$749 5
$749
25
$3,745
$14,980
Step 3
$749 20
$749
25
$3,745
+$14,980
$18,725
Add.
Multiply.
Multiply SSee EExamples
l 1 and
d2
1.
135
18
2.
340
32
3. $703 89
5.
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7.
248
24
10. 467
41
11.
489
53
14. $770 71
15. $862 87
6.
Sports
8.
283
33
13. $632
66
16. $901 96
17. $934 97
25. FIND THE ERROR Tai is finding 351 26. Find and correct
his mistake.
351
26
2,106
362
35
12. $508
59
26.
9.
Fact
Golf ball
450 dimples
Baseball
108 stitches
Soccer ball
32 panels
nels
Test Practice
27. The bananas shown are used to
make one loaf of banana bread.
They have a total of 315 Calories.
H. 765
G. 400
I. 775
A. 630
A. 2,190
B. 15,000
B. 7,440
C. 17,010
C. 8,000
D. 18,020
D. 8,760
34
10
31.
55
49
32.
$72
66
Magazines
Sold
12
16
Money
$2
$4
$6
20
35. $418 27
36. 655 45
Lesson 3B Three-Digit Multiplication 261
in Geography
A Walk in the
262
The tallest
waterfall in
Yellowstone is
308 feet high.
Multi-Part
Lesson
Multi-Digit Multiplication
PART
Main Idea
I will multiply four- and
five-digit numbers by a
two-digit number.
Multiply Greater
Numbers
You can multiply multi-digit numbers by two-digit numbers.
Get ConnectED
SPI 0406.2.11
Solve problems using
whole number multi-digit
multiplication.
Step 2
132
11
11
7,275
52
14,550
7,275 2
7,275
52
14,550
363,750
7,275
52
14,550
+ 363,750
378,300
Add.
264
7,275 50
M
Multiply
Ten
T
Thousands
SPORTS Suppose a
stadium can seat 45,050
fans. There are 81 home
games in a season. What
is the greatest number of
fans who can attend the
home games in one
season?
You need to find 45,050 81.
Estimate 50,000 80 = 4,000,000
Step 1 Multiply the ones.
Write a zero in the
ones place when you
multiply the tens.
Step 2
4
45,050
81
45,050
Step 3
4
45,050 1
45,050
81
45,050
3,604,000
45,050 80
45,050
81
45,050
Add.
+ 3,604,000
3,649,050
So, 3,649,050 fans can attend the home games.
Check for Reasonableness
Since 3,649,050 is close to the estimate of 4,000,000, the answer
is reasonable.
Multiply.
Multiply SSee EExamples
l 1 and
d2
1. 1,360
29
2. 7,251
58
3. $23,973 41
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1,418
12
7.
2,983
24
10.
8,316
14
11.
9,809
67
14. $25,067 30
15. $29,452 38
Measurement
4,166
35
8.
9. 6,873
39
12. $13,820
21
13. $17,846
26
16. $30,824 43
17. $37,525 48
Seattle
Washington
2,,633 miles
Sacramento
California
Boston
Massachusetts
2,7
34
ile
Miami
Florida
45 3
43
N
Greatest Products
Multiply Multi-Digit Numbers
Get Ready!
Players: 2
43 32 14
5
5
Go!
3 2 03
5
Get Set!
5,431
30
Game Time
Greater
Gr
G
rea
e tte
Greatest
er N
Nu
Number
umb
m Products
err G
Gam
Game
am
me 26
267
67
Multi-Part
Lesson
PART
Multi-Digit Multiplication
A
Problem-Solving Investigation
Main Idea I will choose the best strategy to solve a problem.
understand
Kasa dances a total of 14 hours every 2 weeks. Find how many
hours of ballet lessons she has in 52 weeks.
Plan
solve
hours per 2 weeks
weeks
weeks
52
7
hours in 52 weeks
14
364
check
GLE 0406.1.2 Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to problem solving, including estimation,
and reasonableness of the solution. Also addresses SPI 0406.2.11.
268
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Make a table.
Choose an operation.
$2
?
One fourth One fourth One fourth One fourth
grade class grade class grade class grade class
495 min.
To assess partial mastery of SPI 0406.2.11, see your Tennessee Assessment Book.
269
Chapter Study
Guide and Review
Be sure the following Key
Concepts are noted in your
Foldable.
Key Vocabulary
estimate
factor
multiple
Multip
Multi-Dig ly
it Numbe
rs
Multiplicat
product
ion with Te
ns
Two-Digit
Multiplic
ation
Three-Dig
it Multiplic
a
tion
Multi-Dig
it Multiplic
ation
Vocabulary Check
1. A number that is close to an
?
exact value is a(n)
.
Key Concepts
Estimate Products (Lesson 1)
Round each factor to a multiple of 10,
then multiply.
36
28
40
30
1,200
36 rounds to 40.
28 rounds to 30.
270
?
of a number is
4. A(n)
the product of that number and
any whole number.
?
5. A(n)
is 2,400.
Add.
100
30
481 28 = 13,468
712
+5,340
6,052
3,000
400
70
2,100
280
240
32
3,000
2,100
240
400
280
+ 32
6,052
of 34 82
Multiply by Tens
(Lesson 1A)
EXAMPLE 1
Multiply.
90
90
10. $28 40
8.
34
80
11. $45 30
9.
0
Step 2
Estimate Products
90
90
15.
0 ones 29 = 0
3 tens 29 = 87 tens
(Lesson 1B)
$29
30
870
34
80
EXAMPLE 2
Estimate 33 18.
Step 1
16. $244 31
17. 482 49
33
18
30
20
18. 371 66
19. 527 84
Step 2
Multiply.
30
20
600
Round 33 to 30.
Round 18 to 20.
0 ones 30 = 0
2 tens 30 = 60 tens
Lesson 2
(Lesson 1C)
EXAMPLE 3
Servings
10
15
18
360
540
648
Two-Digit Multiplication
EXAMPLE 4
Multiply.
23.
63
46
24.
26
34
25.
$72
49
26.
$55
41
27. 37 68
28. 89 53
29. $19 72
30. 95 94
21 36
32. 73 46
46 73
18
14
72
+180
252
So, Julio will score 252 points.
Check for Reasonableness
200 is close to 252. So, the answer is correct.
272
LLesson
esson 3
Three-Digit Multiplication
EXAMPLE 5
Multiply.
841
96
33. 712
87
34.
35. 367
71
36. 670
87
37. $705 88
38. $234 45
50
60
39. 103 33
40. 632 35
60
60
60
2
2
2
300
50
9
300
50
= 18,000
=
3,000
=
540
=
600
=
100
= +
18
22,258
Rule: Multiply by 66
Input
123
223
323
423
523
Output
$803
42
1,606
+ 32,120
$33,726
LLesson
esson 4
Multi-Digit Multiplication
(Lesson 4A)
EXAMPLE 7
Multiply.
46.
1,418
14
47.
2,983
21
48.
13,720
71
49.
17,946
25
50. $24,017 30
51. $39,402 48
52. Measurement Jenas
grandparents live 35 miles away.
There are 5,280 feet in one mile.
How many feet away do Jenas
grandparents live?
5,329
24
21,316
+ 106,580
127,896
(Lesson 4B)
EXAMPLE 8
1,500
22
3,000
+ 30,000
33,000
So, there are 33,000 Calories in 22 boxes
of cereal.
274
Check
33,000 is close to 30,000. So, the answer is
correct.
Practice
Chapter Test
Multiply.
1.
26
10
3. 89 33
2.
43
30
4. 82 91
7. 439 81
12. 258 24
13. 1,324
12
14. 2,831
24
85
C. $45,000
B. $40,375
D. $53,150
Week
Miles
1
2
3
4
12
14
8
10
18.
F. 9,560
H. 8,670
G. 8,760
I.
8,000
275
Test Practice
C. $1,132
B. $1,232
D. $1,240
$162
3 54
$162
+$1,080
$1,242
3 54
20 54
Add.
Read each question. Then fill in the correct answer on the answer
sheet provided by your teacher or on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In one town, about 690 E-mails are
sent every second. How many E-mails
are sent every minute?
1 minute = 60 seconds
276
A. 4,140
C. 41,400
F. 3,650 days
H. 4,400 days
B. 36,400
D. 42,000
G. 4,380 days
I. 4,480 days
6.
Baseball Equipment
Item
Cost
mitt
bat
ball
T-shirt
$39.99
$34.99
$19.99
$12.95
A. $200
C. $400
B. $300
D. $500
Fri
Sat
F. $75
H. $88
G. $80
I. $125
8.
F. 8
H. 11
G. 10
I. 12
1 day = 24 hours
A. 12,486 miles
C. 32,568 miles
B. 17,084 miles
D. 65,136 miles
5-1B
5-3B
5-1C
4-3E
5-4B
5-1C
2-2C
4-3E
GLE 1.2 SPI 2.11 GLE 1.2 GLE 2.2 SPI 2.11 GLE 1.2 GLE 2.2 GLE 2.2