Anaconda Plan

What: Union army leader, Winfield Scott, plan to fight

the Confederacy at the battle of Bull Run 1. This plan
had 3 main parts; to have a naval blockade across the
coast of the Confederacy to stop Southern trade to
Europe, to take control of the Mississippi river, and to
capture the capital of the confederacy, Richmond VA.
Importance: it led to the naval battle, Merrimack v
Monitor and many Union defeats in VA

Battle of Gettysburg
What: Turning point of the War that made it clear the
North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South
lost its chance to invade the North.

Gettysburg Address
What: On November 19, 1863 Lincoln gave his most
famous speech in Gettysburg, PN at a dedication
ceremony in honor of soldiers killed at the Battle of
Gettysburg. He tried to convince the South to join the
Union by promising not to be mean. He also stated
principles of human equality based on the Declaration
of Independence and redefined the Civil War as a
struggle not for the Union but as a new birth of
freedom that would bring true equality to all of its
citizens
Importance: it motivated the Union

Emancipation Proclamation
What: It freed slaves in the Confederacy, NOT in the
Union. This was issued by Lincoln as a way to broaden
the goals of the war and achieve a moral victory, but
through its principles it freed absolutely no slaves on
the day it was given; changed the purpose of the war
and caused Europeans to withdraw from supporting
South. This weakened the South!
Importance: changed the purpose of the war: before
Lincoln said the war was declared in order to preserve
the Union but now it made the Civil War a war of
liberation.

13th Amendment

What: abolished slavery in the US and recognized the

right of all Americans to life, liberty, and pursuit of
happiness
Importance: ended slavery in America and freed
existing slaves in Union states.

14th Amendment
What: declared that all people born or naturalized in
the US were citizens. It also obligated the states to
respect the rights of US citizens and to provide them
with equal protection of laws and due process
Importance: it protected people from state and federal
laws

15th Amendment
What: prohibited any state from denying a citizen's
right to vote based on race, not on gender (excluded
women)
Importance: it allowed all men the right to vote

Freedman's Bureau
What: created in 1865 by Congress to act as a welfare
agency that provided food, helter, and medical aid to
destitute people of the war (mainly freed slaves and
homeless whites). It also established schools and
colleges for African Americans. Moreover, it was forced
on to the South even though the South resisted on
helping any race except for white. It also protected
African Americans from arbitrary laws/codes.
Importance: it protected African Americans during
Reconstruction and attempted to integrate them into
Southern Society.

Jim Crowe Laws and Black Codes

Black codes: Southern laws designed to restrict the
rights of the newly freed black slaves
Jim Crowe: Laws written to separate blacks and whites
in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal
opportunities in housing, work, education, and
government

Lincoln v Johnson
Lincoln
Wanted to end the war quickly
He feared that a prolonged war would lose public
support and that the North and South would never be
reunited if the fighting did not stop quickly
Did not want to punish southerners or reorganize
southern society
His actions indicate that he wanted Reconstruction to
be a short process in which secessionist states could
draft new constitutions as swiftly as possible so that
the United States could exist as it had before
His plan for Reconstruction
The Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern
state could be readmitted into the Union once 10
percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the
election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the
Union. Voters could then elect delegates to draft
revised state constitutions and establish new state
governments. All southerners except for high-ranking
Confederate army officers and government officials
would be granted a full pardon. Guaranteed
southerners that he would protect their private
property, though not their slaves.
Johnson
preferred a stronger state government and that states'
rights took precedence over federal
believed in the doctrine of laissez- faire , that the
federal government should stay out of the economic
and social affairs of its people
He rejected all Radical Republican attempts to dissolve
the plantation system, reorganize the southern
economy, and protect the civil rights of blacks
His Plan for Reconstruction
He returned confiscated property to white southerners.
He issued hundreds of pardons to former Confederate
officers and government officials. He undermined the
Freedmen's Bureau by ordering it to return all
confiscated lands to white landowners. Johnson also
appointed governors to supervise the drafting of new

state constitutions and agreed to readmit each state

provided it ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which
abolished slavery.

Radical Republicans
What: Congressional group who wished to punish the
South for its secession. They pushed for policies that
gave economic and political rights to newly freed slabs
in the South and that made it difficult for former
Confederate states to rejoin the union. Examples
included Stevens-Sumter plan and the Wade-Davis bill.
The leading radical republican was Sumter.
Importance: they took power of Congress during
Reconstruction and pushed for protection of African
Americans and more African American rights/jobs

Dawes Act (1887)

Cause: American public's reaction to A Century of
Dishonor and to "help" natives by teaching them white
culture
What: it divided up tribal land into 160 acres of land.
The natives could gain US citizenship if they stayed on
the land for 25 years and adopted habits of "civilized"
life
Effect: it succeeded in stripping tribes of their land and
failed to incorporate natives in US society and gave
more land to white settlers then natives who deserved
it. It also remained native policy until the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934

KKK
What: Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after
the Civil War in 1866. The Southern establishment took
charge by passing discriminatory laws known as the
black codes. Gives whites almost unlimited power.
They masked themselves and burned black churches,
schools, and terrorized black people. They are antiblack and anti-Semitic.
Importance: white supremist group that terrorized and
restricted the rights of African Americans
Please allow access to your computers microphone to use Voice Recording.
Having trouble? Click here for help.

Causes of the Civil War

Slavery
States' rights
Territorial claims
Abolitionist movement
Regional differences

Consequences of the Civil War

Reconstruction
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment

White Extremist Groups

-KKK
-Knights of the White Camellia
-The White League
-Red Shirts
-Pale Faces

13th Amendment
abolished slavery in the U.S. in 1865

14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born in the
U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed
equal protection of the laws regardless
of race

15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to
vote because of race, color , or
previous condition of servitude