Planets in Astrology PDF

Contents
Articles
Planets in astrology
Stars in astrology
18
Palmistry
24
Reflexology
30
Tarot
33
References
Article Sources and Contributors
41
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
43
Article Licenses
License
45
Astrology
New millennium astrological chart

Background
History of astrology
Astrology and astronomy
Astrology and science
Sidereal and tropical
Traditions, types, and systems
Traditions
Babylonian
Hellenistic
Islamic
Western
Hindu
Chinese
Branches
Natal
Electional
Horary
Astrology portal
v
t
e [1]
Planets in astrology have a meaning different from the modern astronomical understanding of what a planet is.
Before the age of telescopes, the night sky was thought to consist of two very similar components: fixed stars, which
remained motionless in relation to each other, and "wandering stars" (AncientGreek: asteres
planetai), which moved relative to the fixed stars over the course of the year.
To the Greeks and the other earliest astronomers, this group comprised the five planets visible to the naked eye, and
excluded the Earth. Although strictly the term "planet" applied only to those five objects, the term was latterly
broadened, particularly in the Middle Ages, to include the Sun and the Moon (sometimes referred to as "Lights"[2]),
making a total of seven planets. Astrologers retain this definition today.
To ancient astrologers, the planets represented the will of the gods and their direct influence upon human affairs. To
modern astrologers the planets represent basic drives or urges in the unconscious,[3] or energy flow regulators
representing dimensions of experience.[4] They express themselves with different qualities in the twelve signs of the
zodiac and in the twelve houses. The planets are also related to each other in the form of aspects.
Modern astrologers differ on the source of the planets' influence. Hone writes that the planets exert it directly
through gravitation or another, unknown influence.[5] Others hold that the planets have no direct influence in
themselves, but are mirrors of basic organizing principles in the universe. In other words, the basic patterns of the
universe repeat themselves everywhere, in fractal-like fashion, and "as above so below".Wikipedia:Citation needed
Therefore, the patterns that the planets make in the sky reflect the ebb and flow of basic human impulses. The
planets are also associated, especially in the Chinese tradition, with the basic forces of nature.
Listed below are the specific meanings and domains associated with the astrological planets since ancient times, with
the main focus on the Western astrological tradition. The planets in Hindu astrology are known as the Navagraha or
"nine realms". In Chinese astrology, the planets are associated with the life forces of yin and yang and the five
elements, which play an important role in the Chinese form of geomancy known as Feng Shui.
Planetary symbolism
Main article: Astrological symbol
This table shows the astrological planets (as distinct from the astronomical) and the Greek and Roman deities
associated with them. In most cases, the English name for planets derives from the name of a Roman god or goddess.
Also of interest is the conflation of the Roman god with a similar Greek god. In some cases, it is the same deity with
two different names.
Planet
Symbol
Roman
deity
Greek God
Hindu God
Connection Meaning (European)
Meaning (Vedic)
Sun
Sol
Apollo
(Helios)
(Apollo)
(Surya)
ancient
Solar incarnation
God of Prophecy;
Helios means "sun."
The Sun God

Son of Aditi and Kashyap; Surya means
"the supreme light."
Moon
Luna
Diana
(Selene)
(Chandra)
(Artemis)
ancient
Lunar incarnation
The Moon God
Goddess of Hunt;
Associated with impatience of human
Selene means "moon." nature.
Always found feathered on the head of
Lord Shiva; Chandra means "shining."
Mercury
Mercury
(Hermes)
(Buddha)
ancient
Messenger god
Venus
Venus
(Aphrodite)
(Shukra) ancient
The mentor of Asuras.

Goddess of romance;
Venus means "love" or Associated with fertility and enthusiasm.
[7]
Always helped demons in the war against
"sexual desire."
gods; Shukra means "clear, pure,
brightness, or clearness."
Mars
Mars
(Ares)
(Mangala)
ancient
God of War
Son of Earth.
This planet is associated with unluckiness
of brides.
Also associated with strength.
Ceres
Ceres
(Demeter)
(Shakti)
modern
Goddess of the
seasons; Demeter
means "Earth
[8][9]
Mother."
The Great Divine Mother in Hinduism;

Shakti means "power, strength, might,
[10]
energy, or capacity."
A planet god known for his intelligence;

Budha means "awakening, clever,
intelligent, wise, learned man, wise man, or
[6]
sage."
Jupiter
Jupiter
(Zeus)
,
(Guru,
Brihaspati)
ancient
Leader of the Gods;

Jupiter means "Sky
Father."
Mentor/Guru /teacher of gods.

Always helped gods in war against demons.
Guru means "teacher" or "priest."
Brihaspati means "lord of prayer or
[11]
devotion."
Saturn
Saturn
(Cronus)
(Shani)
ancient
God of Agriculture
Ruler of the Titans
God of "Duty". Punishes the person who

does not do his duty properly.
Saturn (Shani) tests a person every 22.5
years; the test lasts for a period of 7.5 years
(Sadesati). The origin of word Shani ()
comes from the following: Shanaye
Kramati Sa: ( ) i.e. the one who
moves slowly, as Saturn takes about 30
years to revolve around the sun.
Uranus
Caelus
(Uranos)
,
(Vasuki)
modern
Incarnation of the Sky; A mythological snake king in Indian

"Uranus" and "Caelus" Puranas. Vasuki means "of divine
[12]
both mean "sky."
being."
Neptune
Neptune
(Poseidon)
(Varuna) modern
God of the Sea
God of rain in Indian mythology; Varuna

[13]
means "God of the sea."
Pluto
Pluto
(Pluton)/
(Hades)
(Kubera) modern
God of the
Underworld and
Death; Hades means
"the unseen" and Pluto
means "wealth."
God of wealth.
Kubera gave a loan to lord Vishnu to search
for his wife Lakshmi who had quarreled
with Vishnu and left their home. Kubera
means "deformed" or "monstrous."
Daily motion
Planet
Average
speed
(geocentric)
[14]
Highest
speed
(geocentric)
Lowest
speed
(geocentric)
[15]
Sun
0059'08"
0103'00"
0057'10"
Moon
1310'35"
1630'00"
1145'36"
Mercury
0123'00"
0225'00"
0130'00"
Venus
0112'00"
0122'00"
0041'12"
Mars
0031'27"
0052'00"
0026'12"
Ceres
0012'40"
0030'00"
0016'00"
Jupiter
0004'59"
0015'40"
0008'50"
Saturn
0002'01"
0008'48"
0005'30"
Uranus
0000'42"
0004'00"
0002'40"
Neptune
0000'24"
0002'25"
0001'45"
Pluto
0000'15"
0002'30"
0001'48"
Pallas
0012'20"
0040'30"
0022'30"
Juno
0014'15"
0039'00"
0018'00"
Vesta
0016'15"
0036'00"
0017'32"
Chiron
0002'00"
0010'00"
0006'00"
History
Treatises on the Ptolemaic planets and their influence on people born
"under their reign" appear in block book form, so-called "planet books"
or Planetebcher, from about 1460 in southern Germany, and remain
popular throughout the German Renaissance, exerting great
iconographical influence far into the 17th century. A notable early
example is the Hausbuch of Wolfegg of c. 1470. Even earlier, Hans
Talhoffer, in a 1459 manuscript, includes a treatise on planets and
planet-children.
These books usually list a male and a female Titan with each planet,
Cronus and Rhea with Saturn, Eurymedon and Themis with Jupiter,
Hyperion and Theia with Sun, Atlas and Phoebe with Moon, Coeus
and Metis with Mercury and Oceanus and Tethys with Venus.[16]
The geocentric Ptolemaic system of the universe

depicted by Andreas Cellarius, 166061
The qualities inherited from the planets by their children are as follows:
Saturn: melancholy and apathy
Jupiter: hunting
Mars: soldiering and warfare

Sun: music and athleticism
Moon: association with water and travel
Mercury: money and commerce
Venus: amorousness and passion.[17]
Classical planets
The seven classical planets are those easily seen with the naked eye, and were thus known to ancient astrologers.
They are the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Sometimes, the Sun and Moon were referred to
as "the lights" or the "luminaries". Ceres and Uranus can also just be seen with the naked eye, though no ancient
culture appears to have taken note of them. The astrological descriptions attached to the seven classical planets have
been preserved since ancient times. Astrologers call the seven classical planets "the seven personal and social
planets", because they are said to represent the basic human drives of every individual.Wikipedia:Citation needed
The personal planets are the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars. The social or transpersonal planets are Jupiter
and Saturn. Jupiter and Saturn are often called the first of the "transpersonal" or "transcendent" planets as they
represent a transition from the inner personal planets to the outer modern, impersonal planets. The outer modern
planets Uranus, Neptune and Pluto are often called the collective or transcendental planets.[18] The following is a list
of the planets and their associated characteristics.[19]
Sun
The Sun (
) is the planetary ruler of Leo and is exalted in Aries. In
Greek mythology, the Sun was represented by the Titans Hyperion and
Helios (Roman Sol, and later by Apollo, the god of light). The Sun is
the star at the center of our solar system, around which the Earth and
other planets revolve and provides us with heat and light. The arc that
the Sun travels in every year, rising and setting in a slightly different
place each day, is therefore in reality a reflection of the Earth's own
orbit around the Sun. This arc is larger the farther north or south from
the equator latitude, giving a more extreme difference between day and
night and between seasons during the year. The Sun travels through the
twelve signs of the zodiac on its annual journey, spending about a
Helios on a relief from Ilion, early 4th-century
month in each. The Sun's position on a person's birthday therefore
BC
determines what is usually called his or her "sun" sign. However, the
sun sign allotment varies between Western (sign change around 22-23
of every month) and Hindu astrology (sign change around 14-15 of every month) due the different systems of
planetary calculations, following the tropical and sidereal definitions respectively.
The Sun, the star at the

center of the Solar System
Astrologically, the Sun is usually thought to represent the conscious ego, the self and its
expression, personal power, pride and authority, leadership qualities and the principles of
creativity, spontaneity, health and vitality, the sum of which is named the "life force".
The 1st-century poet Marcus Manilius in his epic, 8000-verse poem, Astronomica,
described the Sun, or Sol, as benign and favorable. In medicine, the Sun is associated
with the heart, circulatory system,[20] and the thymus. In Ayurveda, it rules over
life-force (praan-shakti), governs bile temperament (pitta), stomach, bones and eyes. In
modern astrology, the Sun is the ruler of the fifth house and the zodiac sign of Leo.
The Sun is associated with Sunday. Dante Alighieri associated the Sun with the liberal
art of music. In Chinese astrology, the Sun represents Yang, the active, assertive masculine life principle.
Moon
The Moon (
) is the ruling planet of Cancer and is exalted
in Taurus. In Roman mythology, the Moon was Luna, at times
identified with Diana. The Moon is large enough for its gravity
to affect the Earth, stabilizing its orbit and producing the
regular ebb and flow of the tides. The lunar day syncs up with
its orbit around Earth in such a manner that the same side of
the Moon always faces the Earth and the other side, known as
the "far side of the Moon" faces towards space.
Luna or Diana, wearing a crescent-moon crown and driving
The moon is used to characterise the inner child within us, as

her ox-drawn chariot (biga), on the Parabiago plate
(2nd5th centuries AD)
well as the past and how we have been as individuals rather
than how we are now. It is also used to represent the perception
one has of one's mother, so someone with a Pisces Moon would be more likely to see their mother as a Piscean type,
even if in reality that was not the case. In the horoscope the aspects the moon makes with other planets and the
transits the slower moving planets make to the moon are all said to have a strong impact on how our lives unfold.
Astrologically the Moon is associated with a person's emotional make-up, unconscious

habits, rhythms, memories, moods and their ability to react and adapt to those around
them. It is also associated with the mother, maternal instincts or the urge to nurture, the
home, the need for security and the past, especially early experiences and childhood. The
1st-century poet Manilius, described the Moon or Luna, as melancholic. In medicine, the
Moon is associated with the digestive system, stomach, breasts, the ovaries and
menstruation (which does occur on a monthly cycle)[21] and the pancreas. Despite
Full Moon
Manilius' assignation, the Moon is commonly associated with the phlegmatic humor; it
ruled the animal spirits. In modern astrology, the Moon is the ruler of the fourth house, Cancer.
The Moon or Luna is associated with Monday, the word Monday comes from the Old English word for Moon day or
Moon's day, and in Romance languages, the name for Monday comes from luna (e.g., luni in Romanian, lundi in
French, lunes in Spanish and lunedi in Italian).
In Chinese astrology, the Moon represents Yin, the passive and receptive feminine life principle. In Indian astrology,
the Moon is called Chandra or Soma and represents the mind, queenship and mother. The north lunar node (called
Rahu) and the south lunar node (called Ketu) are considered to be of particular importance and are given an equal
place alongside the seven classical planets as part of the nine navagraha.
Mercury
Mercury (
) is the ruling planet of Gemini and Virgo and is exalted in the
latter; it is the only planet with rulership and exaltation both in the same sign
(Virgo). In Roman mythology, Mercury is the messenger of the gods, noted for
his speed and swiftness. Echoing this, the scorching, airless world Mercury
circles the Sun on the fastest orbit of any planet. Mercury takes only 88 days to
orbit the Sun, spending about 7.33 days in each sign of the zodiac. Mercury is so
close to the Sun that only a brief period exists after the Sun has set where it can
be seen with the naked eye, before following the Sun beyond the
horizon.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Flying Mercury (late 16th-century)

by Giambologna
Astrologically, Mercury represents the principles of communication, mentality,

thinking patterns, rationality and reasoning and adaptability and variability. Mercury governs schooling and
education, the immediate environment of neighbors, siblings and cousins, transport over short distances, messages
and forms of communication such as post, email and telephone, newspapers, journalism and writing, information
gathering skills and physical dexterity. The 1st-century poet Manilius described Mercury as an inconstant, vivacious
and curious planet.
In medicine, Mercury is associated with the nervous system, the brain, the respiratory
system, the thyroid and the sense organs. It is traditionally held to be essentially cold and
dry, according to its placement in the zodiac and in any aspects to other planets. It is
linked to the animal spirits.
The planet Mercury
Today, Mercury is regarded as the ruler of the third and sixth houses; traditionally, it had
the joy in the first house. Mercury is the messenger of the gods in mythology. It is the
planet of day-to-day expression and relationships. Mercury's action is to take things apart
and put them back together again. It is an opportunistic planet, decidedly unemotional
and curious.
Mercury rules over Wednesday. In Romance languages, the word for Wednesday is often similar to Mercury
(miercuri in Romanian, mercredi in French, miercoles in Spanish and mercoled in Italian). Dante Alighieri
associated Mercury with the liberal art of dialectic.Wikipedia:Citation needed In Indian astrology, Mercury is called
Budha, a word related to Buddhi ("intelligence") and represents communication. Wikipedia:Citation needed
in Chinese astrology, Mercury represents Water, the fourth element, therefore symbolizing communication,
intelligence and elegance.
Venus
Venus (
) is the ruling planet of Libra and Taurus and is exalted in Pisces. In
Roman mythology, Venus is the goddess of love and beauty, famous for the
passions she could stir among the gods. Her cults may represent the religiously
legitimate charm and seduction of the divine by mortals, in contrast to the
formal, contractual relations between most members of Rome's official pantheon
and the state, and the unofficial, illicit manipulation of divine forces through
magic. The ambivalence of her function is suggested in the etymological
relationship of the root *venes- with Latin venenum (poison, venom), in the
sense of "a charm, magic philtre".
Venus orbits the Sun in 225 days, spending about 18.75 days in each sign of the
zodiac. Venus is the second brightest object in the night sky, the Moon being the
brightest. It is usually beheld as a twin planet to Earth.
Venus, wearing the sign of Libra on
Astrologically, Venus is associated with the principles of harmony, beauty,
her midsection, and Taurus at her
balance, feelings and affections and the urge to sympathize and unite with others.
feet, at Cardiff Castle, Wales
It is involved with the desire for pleasure, comfort and ease. It governs romantic
relations, marriage and business partnerships, sex (the origin of the words
'venery' and 'venereal'), the arts, fashion and social life. The 1st-century poet Marcus Manilius described Venus as
generous and fecund and the lesser benefic.
The planet Venus In medicine, Venus is associated with the lumbar region, the veins,
parathyroids, throat and kidneys. Venus was thought to be moderately warm and moist
and was associated with the phlegmatic humor. Venus is the ruler of the second and
seventh houses.
Venus is the planet of Friday. In languages deriving from Latin, such as Romanian,
Spanish, French, and Italian, the word for Friday often resembles the word Venus
(vineri, viernes, vendredi and "venerd" respectively). Dante Alighieri associated Venus
The planet Venus
with the liberal art of rhetoric.[22] In Chinese astrology, Venus is associated with the
element metal, which is unyielding, strong and persistent. In Indian astrology, Venus is known as Shukra and
represents wealth, pleasure and reproduction. In Norse Paganism, the planet is associated to Freyja, the goddess of
love, beauty and fertility. Wikipedia:Citation needed
Mars
Mars (
) is the ruling planet of Aries and Scorpio and is exalted in Capricorn.
Mars is the Roman god of war and bloodshed, whose symbol is a spear and
shield. Both the soil of Mars and the hemoglobin of human blood are rich in iron
and because of this they share its distinct deep red color.[23] He was second in
importance only to Jupiter, and he was the most prominent of the military gods
worshipped by the Roman legions.
Mars orbits the Sun in 687 days, spending about 57.25 days in each sign of the
zodiac. It is also the first planet that orbits outside of Earth's orbit, making it the
first planet that does not set along with the Sun. Mars has two permanent polar
ice caps. During a pole's winter, it lies in continuous darkness, chilling the
surface and causing the deposition of 2530% of the atmosphere into slabs of
CO2 ice (dry ice).
Astrologically, Mars is associated with confidence and self-assertion, aggression,
Early 18th-century illustration of
Mars (al-mirrikh) for the Bestiary of
sexuality, energy, strength, ambition and impulsiveness. Mars governs sports,
Zakariya al-Qazwini (Walters Art
competitions and physical activities in general. The 1st-century poet Manilius,
Museum)
described the planet as ardent and as the lesser malefic. In medicine, Mars
presides over the genitals, the muscular system, the gonads and adrenal glands. It
was traditionally held to be hot and excessively dry and ruled the choleric humor. It was associated with fever,
accidents, trauma, pain and surgery.
In modern astrology, Mars is said to rule the first and eighth houses; traditionally,
however, Mars ruled the third and tenth houses. While Venus tends to the overall
relationship atmosphere, Mars is the passionate impulse and action, the masculine aspect,
discipline, will-power and stamina.
Mars is associated with Tuesday and in Romance languages the word for Tuesday often
resembles Mars (in Romanian, mari, in Spanish, martes, in French, mardi and in Italian
"marted"). The English "Tuesday" is a modernised form of "Tyr's Day", Tyr being the
The planet Mars
Germanic analogue to Mars. Dante Alighieri associated Mars with the liberal art of
arithmetic. In Chinese astrology, Mars is ruled by the element fire, which is passionate,
energetic and adventurous. In Indian astrology, Mars is called Mangala and represents energy, confidence and ego.
Wikipedia:Citation needed
Jupiter
Jupiter (
) or is the ruling planet of Sagittarius and Pisces and
is exalted in Cancer. In Roman mythology, Jupiter is the ruler of the
gods and their guardian and protector, and his symbol is the
thunderbolt. The Romans believed that Jupiter granted them supremacy
because they had honored him more than any other people had. Jupiter
was "the fount of the auspices upon which the relationship of the city
with the gods rested." He personified the divine authority of Rome's
highest offices, internal organization, and external relations. His image
in the Republican and Imperial Capitol bore regalia associated with
Rome's ancient kings and the highest consular and Imperial honours.
In the same way, the planet Jupiter is the king of the other planets, a
giant in size with spectacular, brightly colored clouds and intense
Jupiter enthroned, with the symbols of Pisces and
storms. Some astronomers believe that it plays an important protecting
Sagittarius at his feet (woodcut by Johannes
Regiomontanus, 1512)
role in using its massive gravity to capture or expel from the solar
system many comets and asteroids that would otherwise threaten Earth
and the inner planets. Jupiter takes 11.9 years to orbit the Sun, spending almost an earth year (361 days) in each sign
of the zodiac. Furthermore Jupiter is usually the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun, the Moon and
Venus).
Astrologically, Jupiter is associated with the principles of growth, expansion, prosperity, and good fortune. Jupiter
governs long distance and foreign travel, higher education, religion, and the law. It is also associated with the urge
for freedom and exploration, humanitarian and protecting roles, and with gambling and merrymaking.
The 1st-century poet Manilius described Jupiter as temperate and benign, and the greater
benefic. It was regarded as warm and moist in nature, and therefore favorable to life. In
medicine, Jupiter is associated with the liver, pituitary gland, and the disposition of fats;
it governed the sanguine humor. In modern times, Jupiter is said to be the ruler of the
ninth and twelfth houses, but traditionally, Jupiter was assigned to the second and ninth
houses: the house of values and the house of beliefs, respectively.
Jupiter is associated with Thursday, and in Romance languages, the name for Thursday
often comes from Jupiter (e.g., joi in Romanian, jeudi in French, jueves in Spanish, and
gioved in Italian). Dante Alighieri associated Jupiter with the liberal art of geometry. In Chinese astrology, Jupiter is
ruled by the element wood, which is patient, hard-working, and reliable. In Indian astrology, Jupiter is known as
Guru or Brihaspati and is known as the 'great teacher'. Wikipedia:Citation needed
The planet Jupiter
10
Saturn
Saturn (
) is the ruling planet of Capricorn and is exalted in Libra. In Roman
mythology, Saturn is the god of agriculture, founder of civilizations and of social
order, and conformity. The glyph is most often seen as
scythe-likeWikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Unsupported attributions,
but it is primarily known as the "crescent below the cross", whereas Jupiter's
glyph is the "crescent above the cross". The famous rings of the planet Saturn
that enclose and surround it, reflect this principle of man's limitations. Saturn
takes 29.5 years to orbit the Sun, spending about 2.46 years in each sign of the
zodiac.
Astrologically, Saturn is associated with the principles of limitation, restrictions,
boundaries, practicality and reality, crystallizing, and structures. Saturn governs
ambition, career, authority and hierarchy, and conforming social structures. It
Saturn, with Capricorn at his feet and
concerns a person's sense of duty, discipline and responsibility, and their physical
the New Year in his arms, from The
and emotional endurance during hardships. Saturn is also considered to represent
Seven Planets with the Signs of the
the part of a person concerned with long-term planning. The Return of Saturn is
Zodiac (1539) by Hans Sebald
Beham
said to mark significant events in each person's life. According to the 1st-century
poet Manilius, Saturn is sad, morose, and cold, and is the greater malefic.
According to Claudius Ptolemy, "Saturn is lord of the right ear, the spleen, the bladder, the phlegm, and the
bones."[24] Saturn symbolized processes and things that were dry and cold, and therefore inimical to life. It governed
the melancholic humor.
According to Sefer Yetzirah GRA Version Kaplan 4:13
"He made the letter Resh king over Peace And He bound a crown to it And He combined one with another And with
them He formed Saturn in the Universe Friday in the Year The left nostril in the Soul, male and female."
The planet Saturn
Before the discovery of Uranus, Saturn was regarded as the ruling planet of
Aquarius. Many astrologersWikipedia:Avoid weasel words still use Saturn as the
planetary ruler of both Capricorn and Aquarius; in modern astrology it is
accordingly the ruler of the tenth and eleventh houses. Traditionally, however,
Saturn was associated with the first and eighth houses.
Saturn is associated with Saturday, which was named after the deity Saturn. Dante
Alighieri associated Saturn with the liberal art of astronomia (astrology and astronomy). In Chinese astrology,
Saturn is ruled by the element earth, which is warm, generous, and co-operative. In Indian astrology, Saturn is called
Shani or "Sani", and represents career and longevity. It is also the bringer of bad luck and hardship.
Wikipedia:Citation needed
Modern planets
Since the invention of the telescope, Western astrology has incorporated Uranus, Neptune, Ceres, Pluto, and other
bodies into its methodology. The Indian and Chinese astrologies have tended to retain the ancient seven-planet
system. Meanings have had to be assigned to them by modern astrologers, usually according to the major events that
occurred in the world at the time of their discovery. As these astrologers are usually Western, the social and
historical events they describe have an inevitable Western emphasis. Astrologers consider the "extra-Saturnian"
planets to be "impersonal" or generational planets, meaning their effects are felt more across whole generations of
society. Their effects in individuals depend upon how strongly they feature in that individual's birth-chart. The
following are their characteristics as accepted by most astrologers.[25]
11
Uranus
For some modern Western astrologers, the planet Uranus (
) is the
ruling planet of Aquarius and is exalted in Scorpio. In Greek
mythology, Uranus is the personification of the heavens and the night
sky. The planet Uranus is very unusual among the planets in that it
rotates on its side, so that it presents each of its poles to the Sun in turn
during its orbit; causing both hemispheres to alternate between being
bathed in light and lying in total darkness over the course of the orbit.
Uranus takes 84 years to orbit the Sun, spending about 7 years in each
sign of the zodiac. Uranus was discovered only in 1781 by Sir William
Herschel.
Astrologically modern interpretations associate Uranus with the
principles of genius, individuality, new and unconventional ideas,
discoveries, electricity, inventions, and the beginnings of the industrial
revolution. Uranus, among all planets, most governs genius.
Syncretic figure of Aion-Uranus standing within

a zodiac wheel, with a reclining Earth goddess
and four children representing the Seasons
(Roman-era mosaic from Sentinum, AD 200-250)
Uranus governs societies, clubs, and any group dedicated to humanitarian or progressive
ideals. Uranus, the planet of sudden and unexpected changes, rules freedom and
originality. In society, it rules radical ideas and people, as well as revolutionary events
that upset established structures.
The planet Uranus
In art and literature, the discovery of Uranus coincided with the Romantic movement,
which emphasized individuality and freedom of expression. In medicine, Uranus is
believed to be particularly associated with the sympathetic nervous system, mental
disorders, breakdowns and hysteria, spasms, and cramps. Uranus is considered by
modern astrologers to be ruler of the eleventh house. Wikipedia:Citation needed
Neptune
For many astrologers, Neptune (
) is the ruling planet of Pisces and is exalted in Leo. In Roman mythology,
Neptune is the god of the sea, and the deep, ocean blue color of the planet Neptune reflects this.Wikipedia:No
original research Its glyph is taken directly from Neptune's trident, symbolizing the curve of spirit being pierced by
the cross of matter. Neptune takes 165 years to orbit the Sun, spending approximately 14 years (13.75) in each sign
of the zodiac. Neptune was discovered in 1846.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Astrologically, modern Western astrologers associate the planet Neptune with creativity,
idealism and compassion, but also with illusion, confusion, and deception. Neptune
governs hospitals, prisons, mental institutions, and any other place, such as a monastery,
that involves a retreat from society. Its appearance coincided with the discovery of
anesthetics and hypnotism. In political terms, Neptune was linked to the rise of
nationalist movements throughout Europe in countries like Germany, Italy, Hungary,
Ireland, and Serbia, seeking independence for their nations inspired by an idealized past
The planet Neptune
of legend. It was also linked to the rise of socialism and the beginnings of the welfare
state. Neptune coincided with the utopian ideals of Communism, when Marx and Engels
first published 'The Communist Manifesto' in 1848.Wikipedia:Citation needed
12
In art, the impressionist movement began a trend away from literal

representation, to one based on the subtle, changing moods of light and color. In
medicine, Neptune is seen to be particularly associated with the thalamus, the
spinal canal, and severe or mysterious illnesses and neuroses. Neptune is
considered by modern astrologers to be ruler of the twelfth house.
Pluto
To most modern Western astrologers, Pluto (
) is the ruling planet of Scorpio
and is exalted in Virgo. In Roman mythology, Pluto is the god of the underworld
and of wealth. The alchemy symbol was given to Pluto on its discovery, three
centuries after Alchemy practices had all but disappeared. The alchemy symbol
can therefore be read as spirit over mind, transcending matter. The symbols were
chosen given the close association with Mars which has a similar symbol.
Pluto takes 247 years to make a full circuit of the zodiac, but its progress is
highly variable: it spends between 15 and 26 years in each sign.
Astrologically, Pluto is called "the great renewer", and is considered to represent
the part of a person that destroys in order to renew, through bringing buried, but
intense needs and drives to the surface, and expressing them, even at the expense
of the existing order. A commonly used keyword for Pluto is
"transformation".Wikipedia:Citation needed It is associated with power and
personal mastery, and the need to cooperate and share with another, if each is not
to be destroyed. Pluto governs big business and wealth, mining, surgery and
detective work, and any enterprise that involves digging under the surface to
bring the truth to light. Pluto is also associated with the day Tuesday alongside
Mars.
Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, ceiling

mural(ca. 1597) created by
Caravaggio for a room adjacent to
the alchemical distillery of Cardinal
Francesco Maria Del Monte:
hovering around a translucent globe
that represents the world are Jupiter
with his eagle, Neptune holding a
bident, and Pluto with a horse and
[26]
Cerberus
Pluto is also associated with extreme power and corruption; the discovery of Pluto in 1930 coincided with the rise of
fascism and Stalinism in Europe, leading to World War II. It also coincided with the Great Depression and the major
proliferation of organized crime in the United States.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Its entry in Cancer in 1913, the sign in which it was later discovered, coincided with
World War I. It is also associated with nuclear armament, which had its genesis in the
research of the 1930s and 40s. Later on, it gave rise to the polarized nuclear stand off of
the Cold War, with the mass consumer societies of the United States and other
democracies facing the totalitarian state of the USSR. The discovery of Pluto also
occurred just after the birth of modern psychoanalysis, when Freud and Jung began to
explore the depths of the unconscious.
In real life events and culture, Pluto has been a major astrological aspect. In art,
movements like Cubism and Surrealism began to de-construct the "normal" view of the
The dwarf planet Pluto
world. In medicine, Pluto is seen to be associated with regenerative forces in the body
(artist's conception)
involving cell formation and the reproductive system.Wikipedia:Citation needed Pluto is
considered by modern astrologers to be co-ruler of the eighth house. Many traditional
astrologers do not use Pluto as a ruling planet, but do use the planet for interpretation and predictive work, obliquely
making reference to projections of influences from higher- to lower-dimensional spaces. Wikipedia:Citation needed
13
Ceres
Ceres (
) is the smallest identified dwarf planet in the Solar System. It was
discovered on 1 January 1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi, and is named after Ceres, the
Roman goddess of growing plants, the harvest, and of motherly love. It was the
first asteroid discovered, taking up about one-third of the entire mass of its
asteroid belt.[27] The classification of Ceres has changed more than once and has
been the subject of some disagreement.Wikipedia:Citation needed Johann Elert
Bode believed Ceres to be the "missing planet" he had proposed to exist between
Mars and Jupiter, at a distance of 419 millionkm (2.8AU) from the Sun. Ceres
was assigned a planetary symbol, and remained listed as a planet in astronomy
books and tables for about half a century. The 2006 debate surrounding Pluto and
what constitutes a planet led to Ceres being considered for reclassification as a
planet, but in the end Ceres and Pluto were classified as the first members of the
new dwarf planet category.
Ceres passes through the zodiac every 4years and 7months, passing through a
little more than 2signs every year.
Ceres with torch in search of

Proserpina (medaillon by Martial
Reymond, early 17th century)
In mythology, Ceres is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Demeter, and is the goddess of agriculture. The
goddess (and metaphorically the planet) is also associated with the reproductive issues of an adult woman, as well as
pregnancy and other major transitions in a woman's life, including the nine months of gestation time, family bonds
and relationships. For some astrologers Ceres is the ruling planet of VirgoWikipedia:Citation needed. Although a
mother, Ceres is also the archetype of a virgin goddess. Ceres epitomizes independent women who are often
unmarried (since, according to myth, Ceres is an unmarried goddess who chose to become a mother without a
husband or partner.) While the moon represents our ideal of "motherhood", Ceres would represent how our real and
nature motherhood should be.[28]
Ceres, as the Goddess who has control over nature's resources and cycles, may
astrologically be considered the planet of the Environment. Returning to mythology, an
early environmental villain is the figure of Erysichthon, the tearer up of the earth, who
cut down trees in a grove sacred to Ceres-Demeter, for which he was punished by the
goddess with fearful hunger. In this sense Ceres became an emerging archetype in the
awareness of recent climate change, and is entering our collective consciousness as a
need to take care of our natural and irreplaceable resources in the 21st century. Ceres
The dwarf planet Ceres
represents a leap towards a future of ecological responsibility and knowledge. As an
indicator for environmental or community activism, Ceres would represent for some
astrologers the wave of the future.[29]
The status of Ceres is unknown at the moment in astrology. The possibility exists that Ceres is not involved with any
sign, but it has been strongly suggested as the ruler of Virgo. As in all cases of newer discoveries, Ceres will likely
never be used in horoscopes by traditionalist astrologers.
Planetary traditions compared

Main article: List of astrological traditions
The three most popular Eurasian traditions, Western astrology, Chinese astrology, and Hindu Astrology, accordingly
share a large amount of common themes in their zodiacs and concepts of planetary meanings.Wikipedia:Citation
needed This could fallaciously inflect that the three have an ancient common origin, whereas in fact the three
developed mutually over millennia by diffusion, assimilation, scholarship, and trade across the whole of Eurasia and
Africa.
The Western and Hindu zodiacs essentially correspond to twelve similar archetypes, despite differences in tone,
emphasis, motifs, and right ascension of their constellations, as do the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac; however,
both Western and Hindu astrology are based on four elements: fire, earth, air, water; whereas the Chinese is based on
five: metal, water, wood, fire, and earth. Chinese elemental conceptions of the planets clearly correlate to their
Western and Hindu counterparts in the case of Mars (Fire), Saturn (Earth), and Jupiter (Wood).Wikipedia:Citation
needed The Chinese linkage of Mercury with Water is alien to Western astrology, but this combination shares the
water themes, much of what is coined "mercurial" in Western thought, such as intellect, reason and
communication.Wikipedia:Citation needed
The Chinese association of Venus to Metal appears at first fundamentally different from Western notions of love and
romance. In Babylonian mythology, her equivalent was Ishtar, goddess of both love and war. The Chinese metal
representative is unyielding and forceful, set in their ways and taciturn; yet Venus' Western element is air, which is
logical and sanguine. Metal is also sophisticated, and enjoys the good things in life. In Western astrology, Venus
rules both Libra, which is sophisticated, logical, and romantic, and Taurus, which is reserved, sensual, and
unyielding Some Western astrologers believe that metal is better associated with the qualities of the planet Saturn,
arguing that metal equates to air in the western system, and that Saturn is linked to air in Vedic astrology.[30][31]
The cycle of the five Chinese elements operate completely differently from the Western cycle of four. This
discrepancy between elements can be clarified by their geomancy, which is locked with Chinese astrology. On the
Feng Shui compass, the five elements and the five visible planets are placed on the cardinal directions and center
point, with Mercury-Water to the north, Jupiter-Wood to the east, Mars-Fire to the south, Venus-Metal to the west,
and Saturn-Earth in the center.Wikipedia:Please clarify This also suggests that Western air best corresponds to metal,
while Venus rules the west in both traditions. Wood in Chinese philosophy describes characteristics found in the
Western element of fire.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Other solar system bodies

See also: Asteroids in astrology
Some asteroids such as Pallas (
) and Vesta (
), as well as dwarf planet Ceres, can easily be seen with
binoculars (Vesta even with the naked eye), but these were not recognized as planetary, and perhaps not even
noticed, until the early 19th century.Wikipedia:Citation needed In the early 19th century, Ceres, Juno (
), and the
other two aforementioned asteroids were for a time regarded as planets. Although asteroids have been known to both
astronomers and astrologers for more than 200 years, they are often ignored by astrologers. The tradition of some
astrologers casting charts with minor planets originates with these asteroids. Since the discovery of Chiron (
) in
the 1970s, some astrologers have been casting the new "planet", although astronomers consider it a centaur (a kind of
intermediate object between comet and asteroid).
In the 21st century, several new planet-sized bodies, including Sedna, Quaoar, Haumea, and Eris, have been
discovered, but not yet incorporated into mainstream astrological predictions, although some more avant-garde
groups have attempted to incorporate them.[32][33]
Comets and novae have been observed and discussed for several thousand years.Wikipedia:Citation needed Comets
in particular were portents of great interest to ancient people and given various astrological interpretations. Both
14
15
phenomena are rarely visible to the naked-eye, and are ignored by most modern astrologers.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
The near-earth asteroid Cruithne is thought to influence the zodiac and some personal horoscopes.
Wikipedia:Citation needed Not to be confused with Chiron, Pluto's only moon Charon is treated like a "minor
planet" or given the same status as a dwarf planet, the title given to Pluto when in 2006 the International
Astronomical Union demoted its status from the farthest planet. Wikipedia:Citation needed
Hypothetical planets
Some astrologers have hypothesized about the existence of unseen or undiscovered planets. In 1918, astrologer
Sepharial proposed the existence of Earth's "Dark Moon" Lilith, and since then, some astrologers have been using it
in their charts; though the same name is also (and now, more commonly) used in astrology to refer to the axis of the
actual Moon's orbit. The 20th-century German school of astrology known as Uranian astrology also claimed that
many undiscovered planets existed beyond the orbit of Neptune, giving them names such as Cupido, Hades, Zeus,
Kronos, Apollon, Admetos, Vulcanus, and Poseidon, and charting their supposed orbits. These orbits have not
coincided, however, with more recent discoveries by astronomers of objects beyond Neptune.
Other astrologers have focused on the theory that in time, all twelve signs of the zodiac will each have their own
ruler, so that another two planets have yet to be discovered; namely the "true" rulers of Taurus and Virgo. The names
of the planets mentioned in this regard by some are Vulcan (ruler of Virgo) and Apollo, the Roman god of the Sun
(ruler of Taurus).[34] Another version of this theory states that the modern planets discovered so far correspond to the
elements known to the ancientsair (Uranus, god of the heavens), water (Neptune, god of the sea), and fire (Pluto,
god of the underworld)which leaves the elements earth and ether (the fifth element of the fiery upper air). In other
words, it is claimed that the two planets to be discovered will be named after an earth god or goddess (such as the
Horae), and after Aether, the Roman and Greek god of the upper air and stars.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Ruling planets of the astrological signs and

houses
Main article: Domicile (astrology)
In Western astrology, the symbolism associated with the planets also
relates to the zodiac signs and houses of the horoscope in their various
rulerships. For instance, the description of Mars is masculine,
impulsive, and active. Aries is ruled by Mars and has a similar
description, representing an active, masculine archetype. Similarly, the
first house is also ruled by Mars, and deals with a person's physical
health and strength, and the manner in which they project themselves.
Table 1: Modern signs, houses and planetary associations
The Thema Mundi
16
Sign
House
Domicile Detriment
Exaltation
Fall
Planetary Joy
Aries
1st House
Mars
Venus
Sun
Saturn
Jupiter
Taurus
2nd House
Venus
Pluto
Moon
Uranus
Jupiter
Gemini
3rd House
Mercury
Jupiter
N/A
N/A
Venus
Cancer
4th House
Moon
Saturn
Jupiter
Mars
Mercury
Leo
5th House
Sun
Uranus
Neptune
Mercury
Mars
Virgo
6th House
Mercury
Neptune
Pluto, Mercury Venus
Saturn
Libra
7th House
Venus
Mars
Saturn
Sun
Moon
Scorpio
8th House
Pluto
Venus
Uranus
Moon
Saturn
Jupiter
Mercury
N/A
N/A
Sun
Sagittarius 9th House

Capricorn
10th House Saturn
Moon
Mars
Jupiter
Mars
Aquarius
11th House Uranus
Sun
Mercury
Neptune
Mercury
Pisces
12th House Neptune
Mercury
Venus
Pluto, Mercury Moon
Note: The planets in the table rule the signs on the same row, and the houses do correspond with the signs on the
same row (i.e. Mars rules Aries; Aries and first house share some correspondences). However, it is only modern
astrology that links the planets to the houses in this order.Wikipedia:Citation needed The bulk of the tradition assigns
planetary rulerships according to the ancient Chaldean astronomical order of the planetsWikipedia:Citation needed
(Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon; the former order of the planets in distance from Earth
geocentrically):
Table 2: Traditional houses and planetary relationships.
House
Traditional Ruling planet Planetary Joy
1st House
Saturn
Mercury
2nd House
Jupiter
N/A
3rd House
Mars
Moon
4th House
Sun
N/A
5th House
Venus
Venus
6th House
Mercury
Mars
7th House
Moon
N/A
8th House
Saturn
N/A
9th House
Jupiter
Sun
10th House Mars
N/A
11th House Sun
Jupiter
12th House Venus
Saturn
Notes
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Astrology& action=edit

Hone (1978), p.22
Hone (1978) p. 19
Arroyo (1989) pp. 7, 27
Hone (1978), p.19 8th paragraph
http:/ / spokensanskrit. de/ index. php?tinput=budha& direction=SE& script=HK& link=yes
http:/ / www. behindthename. com/ name/ venus
http:/ / www. etymonline. com/ index. php?term=Demeter
Doric d, Proto-Greek *d, "earth" + mtr, "mother". The d element is not so simply equated with "earth" according to John Chadwick
(Chadwick, The Mycenaean World [Cambridge University Press] 1976, p 87): "Every Greek was aware of the maternal functions of Demeter;
if her name bore the slightest resemblance to the Greek word for 'mother', it would inevitably have been deformed to emphasize that
resemblance. [...] How did it escape transformation into *Gmtr, a name transparent to any Greek speaker?" Compare the Latin
transformation Iuppiter and Diespiter vis-a-vis *Deus pter.
[10] http:/ / en. wiktionary. org/ wiki/
[11] Monier-Williams, also "he is the chief offerer of prayers and sacrifices, and therefore represented as the type of the priestly order, and the
Purohita of the gods with whom he intercedes for men"
[12] http:/ / spokensanskrit. de/ index. php?tinput=vaasuki& direction=SE& script=HK& link=yes
[13] http:/ / spokensanskrit. de/ index. php?script=HK& tinput=Varuna& country_ID=& trans=Translate& direction=AU
[14] All speeds taken from StarFisher (http:/ / www. starfisher. cz/ )
[15] With the exceptions of the Sun and the Moon, all planets are capable of turning into retrograde motion and temporarily appearing to not
move at all, this is not what lowest speed refers to in this case. "Lowest speed" in the section refers to the fastest speed a planet may move at
when retrograde, reversing its progress.
[16] B. A. Fuchs, Die Ikonographie der sieben Planeten in der Kunst Italiens bis zum Ausgang des Mittelalters, Diss. Munich 1909; E. Panofsky,
F. Saxl, Saturn und Melancholie, Frankfurt 1990.
[17] A. Hauber, Planetenkinderbilder und Sternbilder, Straburg 1916; E. Baer, Representations of "planet-children" in Turkish manuscripts, in:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 31, 1968
[18] Michael Meyer at khaldea.com, Rob Hand "Horoscope Symbols"
[19] Jeff Mayo, Teach Yourself Astrology, pp17 28, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1964; Sasha Fenton Understanding Astrology, pp106
112, The Aquarian Press (Harper Collins), London, 1991; Derek and Julia Parker, The New Compleat Astrologer, pp86 99, Crescent Books,
New York, 1971; Maritha Pottinger Astro Essentials, pp11 -14, 1718, ACS Publications, San Diego, 1991
[20] Back de Surany, Gza. Manual de Astrologa Mdica. ndigo.1988. 214 pginas, pag. 32
[21] Back de Sarany, Gza Ibid., 37.
[22] New Yorker, 20 May 2013.
[23] Henbest, ibid
[24] .html Tetrabiblos by Claudius Ptolemy (http:/ / penelope. uchicago. edu/ Thayer/ E/ Roman/ Texts/ Ptolemy/ Tetrabiblos/ 3C*) published in
the Loeb Classical Library, 1940
[25] Jeff Mayo, Ibid, pp 28 33, 1964; Sasha Fenton Ibid, pp 112 115, 1991; Derek and Julia Parker, Ibid, pp 100 105, 1971; Maritha
Pottinger Ibid, pp 1519, 1991
[26] Creighton Gilbert, Caravaggio and His Two Cardinals (Penn State University Press, 1995), pp. 124125.
[27] E. V. Pitjeva, "Precise determination of the motion of planets and some astronomical constants from modern observations", 2004
International Astronomical Union, http:/ / journals. cambridge. org/ production/ action/ cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=303499
[28] Martin, Helena Planets in the astrological universe (los planetas en el universo astrolgico), p333-334, Ed. Indigo, Barcelona, 1990
[29] http:/ / www. astrostar. com/ articles/ Ceres. htm
[30] http:/ / www. holisticwebworks. com/ traditional_chinese_medicine/ yin_and_yang_and_the_five_element_theory. html
[31] http:/ / www. findyourfate. com/ indianastro/ grahas. htm
[32] Karmastrology.com: New Planets (http:/ / www. thegreenduck. com/ ka/ NewPlanets/ index. shtml)
[33] AstroTransits.blogspot.com New dwarf planets in Astrology (Sedna, Eris, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, 2002 TC302, Orcus, and others
(http:/ / www. astrotransits. blogspot. com)
[34] Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, p226, Pan Books, London, 1982
17
18
References
Arroyo, Stephen (1989). Chart Interpretation Handbook. California: CCRS Publications.

Hone, Margaret (1978). The Modern Text-Book of Astrology. Revised edition. England: L. N. Fowler & Co. Ltd.
Houlding, D (2006). The Houses Temples of the Sky The Wessex Astrologer, Bournemouth, England.
Ptolemy, C.trans Ashmand, J. (2002). Tetrabiblos Astrology Classics, Maryland, USA.
External links
New planets won't affect Vedic astrology (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1902566.cms)
(Anubha Sawhney). Times of India, 18 August 2006
Redefining the stars, one planet at a time (http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/4122250.html)
Houston Chronicle: (JEANNIE KEVER) 17 August 2006, 11:36am
Pluto Dissed: What Now for Astrologers? (http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_27267939.
shtml) (Lynn Hayes) National Ledger: 25 August 2006
(English) (Latin) Flowers of Abu Ma'shar (http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2997/), by 8th century Arabic
astrology Jafar ibn Muammad al-Balkh, discusses and depicts the planets and their role in astrology. This
translation, in Latin, is by John of Seville.
Stars in astrology
In astrology, certain stars are
considered significant. Historically, all
of the various heavenly bodies
considered by astrologers were
considered "stars", whether they were
stars, planets, other stellar phenomena
like novas and supernovas, or other
solar system phenomena like comets
and meteors.[1]
This diagram of the Ptolemaic solar system from Peter Apian's Cosmographia shows the
"fixed stars" in the eighth heaven of the firmament, behind which is a ninth, crystalline
heaven, and behind that, the primum mobile.
Stars in astrology
19
Fixed and wandering stars
Astrology
New millennium astrological chart

Background
History of astrology
Astrology and astronomy
Astrology and science
Sidereal and tropical
Traditions, types, and systems
Traditions
Babylonian
Hellenistic
Islamic
Western
Hindu
Chinese
Branches
Natal
Electional
Horary
Astrology portal
v
t
e [1]
In traditional astrological nomenclature, the stars were divided into fixed stars, Latin stell fix, which in astrology
means the stars and other galactic or intergalactic bodies as recognized by astronomy; and "wandering stars" (Greek:
, plants astr), which we know as the planets of the solar system. Astrology also treats the Sun, a
star, and Earth's Moon as if they were planets in the horoscope. These stars were called "fixed" because it was
thought that they were attached to the firmament, the most distant from Earth of the heavenly spheres.
Stars in astrology
20
Stars and astrological degrees

Certain of the astrological degrees were identified and known due to their association with a corresponding star.[2]
The astrological degrees that correspond to individual stars must be corrected for the precession of the equinoxes,
and as such the astrologer must know when any given position of a fixed star was noted, to make the necessary
corrections.[3]
Stars in sidereal and tropical astrology

Traditional Western astrology is based on tropical astrology, which presumes an equal division of the celestial sphere
along the ecliptic into twelve equal parts, starting with Aries. Sidereal astrology, at once the oldest and a recently
revived astrological tradition, is more observationally oriented and uses the actual observed position of the stars and
the traditional divisions of the zodiac constellations as its starting point. As a result of the precession of the
equinoxes, the observed positions of the zodiac signs no longer correspond to the signs of tropical astrology.
Zodiac
Traditionally, the most important fixed points in the heavens were described by the constellations of the zodiac.
Ptolemy's account likens the influence of some of the stars in the zodiac constellations to the planets; he writes, for
example, that "The stars in the feet of Gemini (Alhena and Tejat Posterior) have an influence similar to that of
Mercury, and moderately to that of Venus."[4]
Non-zodiac constellations in astrology

Vivian E. Robson notes that many of the traditional constellations
outside of the zodiac constellations occupy large degrees of arc and
typically compass several of the tropical zodiac signs. Ptolemy referred
to stars by reference to the anatomy or parts of the constellations in
which they appeared; thus Arcturus he named the "right knee of
Botes". Most of the Western names of stars, such as Algol or
Betelgeuse, are Arabic in origin. In 1603 the Augsburg
lawyer-uranographer Johann Bayer introduced the current
classificatory system for the brighter stars, in which stars are identified
as belonging to their constellations by Greek letters, in (roughly)
descending order of brightness; so that Regulus, brightest star in Leo,
is called Leonis, the brightest star of the Lion.[5]
"Those people wonder at the star." The weavers

of the Bayeux tapestry believed that the return of
Halley's Comet related to the Norman conquest of
1066.
Astrological meteors
Unpredictable observations in the heavens, including novas and supernovas as well as other phenomena in the
heavens such as comets, meteors, parhelions, and even rainbows, were all collected under the name of astrological
meteors. According to Ptolemy, variations in the magnitude of fixed stars portends wind from the direction in which
the star lies.[6] Etymologically, the word meteor describes any phenomenon in the heavens, and derives from the
Greek (meteron), signifying anything in the sky or above the earth; this is the shared origin of English
words such as meteoroid and meteorology.
These astrological meteors were typically held to be omens that presaged major world events. In De nova stella,
Tycho Brahe, one of many astrologers who observed the supernova of 1572, stated his belief that the appearance of
the supernova heralded the decline of the Roman Catholic Church and stated that the years 1592-1632 would be
impacted by the astrological influence of the supernova. The years corresponded almost precisely with the lifespan
Stars in astrology
21
of Gustavus Adolphus (1594 - 1632), the king of Sweden who championed the cause of Protestantism during the
Thirty Years War. This apparently successful prediction won Brahe international fame as an astrologer.[7]
Use
According to Nicholas DeVore, while the fixed stars no longer are consulted much in natal astrology, they remain
important in aspects of astrological divination such as judicial astrology. Those astrologers who include them in natal
charts do not give a major star any significance unless it appears as part of a close conjunction with a birth planet,
within 5 by celestial longitude, and 1 by latitude. They have no effect by means of aspect. A first magnitude or
brighter star on the Ascendant or Midheaven in the horoscope may indicate celebrity. The two stars Aldebaran and
Antares are said to produce stress when they transit one of the angles of the horoscope.[8]
Some astrologers that consult the stars refer to their affects as paranatellonta, or "paran" for short. Paranatellonta are
stars that fall upon one of the four angles of the horoscope (rising or setting, at the midheaven, or at the imum coeli)
at the same time a significant planet is at one of those points. Thus, for example, if Sirius was rising while Jupiter
was at the midheaven, Sirius would be considered a paran of Jupiter and could influence the way the astrologer
interpreted Jupiter in that horoscope.[9]
Specific fixed stars

Aldebaran
Astrologically, Aldebaran is a fortunate
star, portending riches and honor. This
star, named "Tascheter" by the Persians,
is one of the four "royal stars" of the
Persians from around 3000 BC. These
stars were chosen in such way that they
were approximately 6 hours apart in
right ascension. Each of these stars was
assigned to a season, Aldebaran was
prominent in the March sky and as
such, it was associated with the vernal
equinox. Its current celestial longitude
is 09 Ge. 47 as of 2006[10]
Scorpio, depicted in Johann Bayer's Uranometria. The bright star in the body of the
scorpion, Scorpii, is Antares.
The four royal stars with their modern and ancient Persian names were
Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri) vernal equinox is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus.
Regulus (Alpha Leonis) summer solstice is the brightest star in the constellation Leo.
Antares (Alpha Scorpii) autumnal equinox is the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius.
Fomalhaut (Alpha Piscis) winter solstice is the brightest star in the constellation Piscis Austrinus.
To medieval astrologers, Aldebaran was one of fifteen Behenian stars, associated with rubies, milk thistles and the
kabbalistic sign
.
In Hindu astrology, Aldebaran corresponds to the Rohini Nakshatra.
In Western Sidereal Astrology, computation is based on defining Aldebaran as 15 degrees Taurus precisely.<Cyril
Fagan><Garth Allen>
Stars in astrology
Algol
In astrology, Algol is one of the most unfortunate stars.[11] Ptolemy referred to it as "the Gorgon of Perseus" and
associated it with death by decapitation: mirroring the myth of the hero Perseus victory over the snake-headed
Gorgon Medusa.[12] Historically, it has received a strong association with violence across a wide variety of cultures.
Medieval Arabic commanders tried to ensure that no important battle began whilst the light of Algol was weak.[13] It
may be connected to the periodic lucky prognoses in an ancient Egyptian calendar for lucky and unlucky days
composed about 3200 years ago. The 17th century English astrologer William Lilly regarded any planet to be
afflicted when within five degrees of conjunction.[14] As of 1986 its celestial longitude was 25 Tau. 55'48.[15]
Algol is also one of the 15 Behenian stars,[16] associated with the diamond and hellebore, and marked with the
kabbalistic sign:
Gienah
Gienah (gamma Corvi) is supposed to have a similar effect to Mars and Saturn, tending to promote greed and
craftiness. It was one of the medieval Behenian stars, associated with onyx, burdock, and a crow-like kabbalistic
symbol
. In this context it is sometimes referred to as Ala Corvi, "the wing of the crow or raven".
Procyon
Astrologically, Procyon is considered mostly unfortunate although it is sometimes wealth producing. It has strong
potential as a cause of violence; it brings sudden success then disaster. [17] It is of the nature of Mars (and also
Mercury to a lesser extent), [18] and when Mars is found conjoined to this star, the native with this configuration will
often be an offender of mischief and violence, that is, if these stars are found upon one of the 4 angles of the chart,
during the day, with the Moon making a testimony to them while increasing in light. [19] It is also one of fifteen
Behenian stars, associated with agate and water crowfoot. According to Cornelius Agrippa, its kabbalistic symbol is
.
Sirius
In the astrology of the Middle Ages, Sirius was a Behenian fixed star, associated with beryl and juniper. Its
kabbalistic symbol
was listed by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa. Its celestial longitude was 14 Can. 05 as of
[20]
2006.
Vega
Vega (or Wega) takes its name from a loose transliteration of the Arabic word wqi meaning "falling". Its
constellation (Lyre) was represented as a vulture or eagle so that Vega was referred to as the 'falling vulture/eagle'.
This is a Pole star. Around 12,000 BC the pole was pointed only five degrees away from Vega and through
precession, the pole will again pass near Vega around AD 14,000. Medieval astrologers counted Vega as one of the
Behenian stars and related it to chrysolite and winter savory. Cornelius Agrippa listed its kabbalistic sign
under
Vultur cadens, a literal Latin translation of the Arabic name. Its celestial longitude was 15 Cap. 19 as of 2006.
22
Stars in astrology
23
References
[1] Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, book 1
[2] Vivian E. Robson, The Fixed Stars and
Constellations in Astrology (Astrology
Center of America, 2005, repr.; ISBN
1-933303-13-1), pp. 11 et. seq. (http:/ /
books. google. com/ books?hl=en& lr=&
id=me7_4RdVwxsC& oi=fnd& pg=PA11&
dq=astrological+ degrees+ and+ fixed+
stars& ots=5kjec_Ggjg&
sig=5SuLUcQrwPKfnP4Daw1EDGKSMhk#v=onepage&
q& f=false)
[3] Nicholas DeVore. Encyclopedia of
Astrology (Philosophical Library, 1947), sub.
tit, "Degree"
[4] Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, book 1 ch. 9 (http:/ /
www. sacred-texts. com/ astro/ ptb/ ptb12.
htm)
[5] Robson, supra, pp. 19-20
[6] Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, book 2 ch. 14 (http:/ /
www. sacred-texts. com/ astro/ ptb/ ptb44.
htm)
[7] David Plant, Tycho Brahe: A King among
Astronomers (http:/ / www. skyscript. co. uk/
brahe. html) (skyscript.co.uk, first published
in The Traditional Astrologer Magazine,
Issue 8, Spring 1995), accessed July 14, 2011
Paranatellonta: this manuscript illumination from an astrology text attributed to Alfonso

X of Castile illustrates the effects of various stars and constellations, including Corvus,
Cygnus, and Draco, when acting in concert with Gemini.
[8] Nicholas DeVore. Encyclopedia of

Astrology (Philosophical Library, 1947), sub. tit "Stars", pp. 408- 409; "Astrology", pp 28-29.
[9] Deborah Houlding, "Paran" (http:/ / www. skyscript. co. uk/ gl/ paran. html), in "Glossary of Traditional Astrological Terms", skyscript.co.uk,
accessed July 15, 2011.
[10] Deborah Houlding, " The 20 Brightest Stars (http:/ / www. skyscript. co. uk/ 20stars. html)" at skyscript.co.uk; accessed July 15, 2011.
[11] , also online on Bill Thayer's site Lacus Curtius: Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (http:/ / penelope. uchicago. edu/ Thayer/ E/
Gazetteer/ Topics/ astronomy/ _Texts/ secondary/ ALLSTA/ home. html)
[12] Robbins, Frank E. (ed.) 1940. Ptolemy Tetrabiblos. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press (Loeb Classical Library). ISBN
0-674-99479-5, IV.9, p.435.
[13] Ebertin, R., & Hoffman, G., Fixed Stars and their Interpretation, Verlag, 1971, p.24
[14] William Lilly, Christian Astrology; London, 1647; Ascella Publications reprint, 1999; p.115.
[15] Giuseppe Bezza, translated by Daria Dudziak, " Al-ghl, the ogre (http:/ / www. cieloeterra. it/ eng/ eng. articoli. algol/ eng. algol. html)",
originally in Schema 3, December 1986; accessed July 15, 2011.
[16] Lyons, 1531/33. Llewellyn reprint, 1993; tr. J. Freake (1651), ed. D. Tyson, p.411.
[17] Robson
[18] Ptolemy
[19] Maternus
[20] Houlding, "The 20 Brightest Stars", above.
External links
Fixed stars (http://www.astrologycom.com/fixedstars.html)
Palmistry
24
Palmistry
"Chirology" redirects here. For other uses, see Fingerspelling.
Palmistry, or chiromancy (also spelled
cheiromancy; from Greek kheir (, ;
hand) and manteia (, ;
divination)),
is
the
claim
of
characterization and foretelling the future
through the study of the palm, also known
as palm reading or chirology. The practice
is found all over the world, with numerous
cultural variations. Those who practice
chiromancy are generally called palmists,
palm readers, hand readers, hand analysts,
or chirologists.
The information outlined below is briefly
representative of modern palmistry; there
are many often conflicting
interpretations of various lines and palmar
features across various schools of palmistry.
These contradictions between different
interpretations, as well as the lack of
empirical
support
for
palmistry's
predictions, contribute to palmistry's
perception as a pseudoscience among
academics.
The Fortune Teller, by Caravaggio (159495; Canvas; Louvre), depicting a palm

reading
History
Ancient Palmistry
Palmistry is a practice common to many
different places on the Eurasian landmass;[1]
it has been practised in the cultures of India,
Tibet, China, Persia, Sumeria, Ancient Israel
and Babylonia.
The Fortune Teller by Enrique Simonet (1899)
According to some, it had its roots in [2]Hindu) Astrology (known in Sanskrit as Jyotish), Chinese Yijing (I Ching),
and Roma (Gypsy) fortune tellers. Several thousand years ago, the Hindu sage Valmiki is thought[3] to have written a
book comprising 567 stanzas, the title of which translates in English as "The Teachings of Valmiki Maharshi on
Male Palmistry".[3][4] From India, the art of palmistry spread to China, Tibet, Egypt, Persia and to other countries in
Europe.[5] From China, palmistry progressed to Greece where Anaxagoras practiced it. Aristotle (384322 B.C.E.)
discovered a treatise on the subject of palmistry on an altar of Hermes, which he then presented to Alexander the
Great (356323 B.C.E.), who took great interest in examining the character of his officers by analyzing the lines on
their hands. Aristotle stated that "Lines are not written into the human hand without reason. They emanate from
heavenly influences and man's own individuality."Wikipedia:Quotations Accordingly, Aristotle, Hippocrates and
Palmistry
25
Alexander the Great popularized the laws and practice of palmistry.Wikipedia:Citation needed Hippocrates sought to
use palmistry to aid his clinical procedures.Wikipedia:Citation needed
During the Middle Ages the art of palmistry was actively suppressed by the Catholic Church as pagan superstition.
In Renaissance magic, palmistry (known as "chiromancy") was classified as one of the seven "forbidden arts," along
with necromancy, geomancy, aeromancy, pyromancy, hydromancy, and spatulamancy (scapulimancy).[6]
Modern Palmistry
It experienced a revival in the modern era starting with Captain Casimir Stanislas D'Arpentigny publication La
Chirognomie in 1839.
The Chirological Society of Great Britain was founded in London by
Katherine St Hill in 1889 with the stated aim to advance and
systematise the art of palmistry and to prevent charlatans from abusing
the art. Edgar de Valcourt-Vermont (Comte de St Germain) founded
the American Chirological Society in 1897.
A pivotal figure in the modern palmistry movement was the Irish
William John Warner, known by his sobriquet, Cheiro. After studying
under gurus in India he set up a palmistry practice in London and
enjoyed a wide following of famous clients from around the world,
including famous celebrities like Mark Twain, W. T. Stead, Sarah
Bernhardt, Mata Hari, Oscar Wilde, Grover Cleveland, Thomas
Edison, the Prince of Wales, General Kitchener, William Ewart
Gladstone, and Joseph Chamberlain. So popular was Cheiro as a
"Society Palmist" that even those who were not believers in the occult
had their hands read by him. The skeptical Mark Twain wrote in
Cheiro's visitor's book that he had "...exposed my character to me with
humiliating accuracy."
Cheiro, an influential exponent of palmistry in the

late 19th century.
Edward Heron-Allen, an English polymath, published various works including the 1883 book, Palmistry - A Manual
of Cheirosophy which is still in print.[7] There were attempts at formulating some sort of scientific basis for the art,
most notably in the 1900 publication The Laws of Scientific Hand Reading" by William G. Benham.
Techniques
Chiromancy consists of the practice of evaluating a person's character or future life by "reading" the palm of that
person's hand. Various "lines" ("heart line", "life line", etc.) and "mounts" (or bumps) (chirognomy) purportedly
suggest interpretations by their relative sizes, qualities, and intersections. In some traditions, readers also examine
characteristics of the fingers, fingernails, fingerprints, and palmar skin patterns (dermatoglyphics), skin texture and
color, shape of the palm, and flexibility of the hand.
A reader usually begins by reading the person's 'dominant hand' (the hand he or she writes with or uses the
most)(sometimes considered to represent the conscious mind, whereas the other hand is subconscious). In some
traditions of palmistry, the other hand is believed to carry hereditary or family traits, or, depending on the palmist's
cosmological beliefs, to convey information about past-life or karmic conditions.
The basic framework for "Classical" palmistry (the most widely taught and practiced tradition) is rooted in Greek
mythology. Each area of the palm and fingers is related to a god or goddess, and the features of that area indicate the
nature of the corresponding aspect of the subject. For example, the ring finger is associated with the Greek god
Apollo; characteristics of the ring finger are tied to the subject's dealings with art, music, aesthetics, fame, wealth,
and harmony.
Palmistry
Significance of the left and right hand

Though there are debatesWikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Unsupported attributions on which hand is
better to read from, both have their own significance. It is customWikipedia:Avoid weasel words to assume that the
left hand shows potential in an individual, and the right shows realized personality. Some sayings about the
significance include "The future is shown in the right, the past in the left"; "The left hand is the one we are born with,
and the right is what we have made of it"; "The right hand is read for men, while the left is read for women"; "The
left is what the gods give you, the right is what you do with it"; "The right hand is read for right-handed people,
while the left is read for left-handed people"Wikipedia:Citation needed. The choice of hand to read is ultimately up
to the instinct and experience of the practitioner.
Left The left hand is usually controlled by the right brain (often believed to direct control pattern recognition,
relationship understanding), reflects the inner person, the natural self, the anima, and the lateral thinking.
Right The right hand is usually controlled by the left brain (often believed to direct logic, reason, and language),
reflects the outer person, objective self, influence of social environment, education, and experience. It represents
linear thinking.
Hand shape
Depending on the type of palmistry practiced, and the type of reading being performed, palmists may look at various
qualities of the hand, including the shapes and lines of the palm and fingers; the color and texture of the skin and
fingernails; the relative sizes of the palm and fingers; the prominence of the knuckles; and numerous other attributes
of the hands.
In most schools of palmistry, hand shapes are divided into four or 11 major types, sometimes corresponding to the
Classical elements or temperaments. Hand shape is believed to indicate character traits corresponding to the type
indicated (i.e., a "Fire hand" would exhibit high energy, creativity, short temper, ambition, etc. - all qualities believed
to be related to the Classical element of Fire).
Although variations abound, the most common classifications used by modern palmists:
Earth hands are generally identified by broad, square palms and fingers, thick or coarse skin, and ruddy color.
The length of the palm from wrist to the bottom of the fingers is usually equal to the length of the fingers.
Air hands exhibit square or rectangular palms with long fingers and sometimes protruding knuckles, low-set
thumbs, and often dry skin. The length of the palm from wrist to the bottom of the fingers is usually equal to the
length of the fingers.
Water hands are seeable by the long, sometimes oval-shaped palm, with long, flexible, conical fingers. The
length of the palm from wrist to the bottom of the fingers is usually less than the width across the widest part of
the palm, and usually equal to the length of the fingers.
Fire hands are characterized by a square or rectangular palm, flushed or pink skin, and shorter fingers. The length
of the palm from wrist to the bottom of the fingers is usually greater than the length of the fingers.
The number and quality of lines can also be included in the hand shape analysis; in some traditions of palmistry,
Earth and Water hands tend to have fewer, deeper lines, while Air and Fire hands are more likely to show more lines
with less clear definition.
26
Palmistry
Lines
The three lines found on almost all hands, and generally given
most weight by palmists:
The heart line is the first of the major lines examined by a
reader and represents love and attraction. It is found towards
the top of the palm, under the fingers. In some traditions, the
line is read as starting from the edge of the palm under the little
finger and flowing across the palm towards the thumb; in
others, it is seen as starting under the fingers and flowing
toward the outside edge of the palm. Palmists interpret this line
to represent matters of the heart, that is, more literally, our
emotional living; it is therefore believed to be an insight into
how the emotional sides of our mindframes will act out and be
acted upon during our lifetimes, and often said, to what extent
we possess emotional reservoirs within us, for example, a
chained or gridded heart line (or emotional line) is often seen in
people who are highly strung, nervous and draw upon
emotional strength and insight to attain their ambitions, i.e. they
wear their 'emotions' on their sleeves, often to draw strength.
Such chaining or gridding on the heart line (emotional line) is
Some of the lines of the hand in Palmistry
often seen in intensely creative artists such as musicians and
1: Life line - 2: Head line - 3: Heart line - 4: Girdle of
writers, as well as deeply driven scientists. Dealing with
Venus - 5: Sun line - 6: Mercury line - 7: Fate line
emotions, the line is also claimed to indicate romantic
perspectives and intimate relationships, again, a chained or gridded heart line is said to point to a flirtatious
attitude to love, and one which can be prone to fall in love easily. On a physical level, the heart line is indirectly
associated with heart health, more so through the effects that emotions can have on the body such as with blood
pressure. A chained heart line is often associated with high blood pressure, but also of an 'adrenaline junkie'
attitude in life.
The next line identified by palmists is the head line. This line starts at the edge of the palm under the index finger
and flows across the palm towards the outside edge. Often, the head line is joined with the life line (see below) at
inception. Palmists generally interpret this line to represent the person's mind and the way it works, including
learning style, communication style, intellectualism, and thirst for knowledge. It is also believed to indicate a
preference for creative or analytical approaches to information (i.e., right brain or left brain).
The life line is perhaps the most controversial line on the hand.Wikipedia:Citation needed This line extends from
the edge of the palm above the thumb and travels in an arc towards the wrist. This line is believed to represent the
person's vitality and vigor, physical health and general well being. The life line is also believed to reflect major
life changes, including cataclysmic events, physical injuries, and relocations. Contrary to popular belief, modern
palmists generally do not believe that the length of a person's life line is tied to the length of a person's life.
The combined length of these three main lines (heart, head, life) can also be used. If this combined length is
longer than a persons foot they may be over bearing. However, if it is shorter they may give in too easily to other
people. A similar length suggests a well balanced individual.
Additional major lines or variations include:
A simian crease, or fusing of the heart and head lines, has special significance in that both emotional as well as
reasoning nature have to be studied from this line alone. The peculiar line is thought to be a combination of the
head and heart lines on such hands that are separately marked on the rest of the hands.
27
Palmistry
28
According to CheiroWikipedia:Citation needed, this line is thought to endow a person with an intensity of
purpose or single-mindedness, the nature of which is decided upon by exact position of this line on the hand and
the direction of any branches shooting from it, which is normally the case. In hands where such a line exists
without any branches as a singular mark, it indicates an extremely intense nature and special care is needed for
such persons. The normal position for the line is starting below the index finger and ending where normally the
heart line terminates at the edge of the hand below the little finger, indicating average interests for the person and
the intense side of the nature is decided purely by the direction of any branches shooting from it.
The upper half of the palm lying immediately below the fingers is considered to represent the higher or
intellectual nature and the lower half of the palm to represent the materialistic side of the nature. If one of these
halves is larger than the other as decided by the central placement of the head line or in this case the single
transverse palmar crease it shows greater development of that aspect of the nature. Based on this general
principle, if this line is placed below its normal position it indicates an intensely intellectual nature; if it is placed
above its normal position it indicates an intensely materialistic nature and interests.
The direction in which any branches may be found shooting from this line have a significant impact on the nature
of this line resulting in suitable modifications from the above defined results depending on the nature of the
mounts on the hand. For instance, if a branch from this line shoots to the mount of Moon lying on the lower edge
of the hand exactly opposite the thumb, it indicates an intensely vacillating nature and emotional temperament.
The fate line runs from the bottom of the palm near the wrist, up through the center of the palm towards the
middle finger. This line is believed to be tied to the person's life path, including school and career choices,
successes and obstacles. Sometimes this line is thought to reflect circumstances beyond the individual's control, or
alternately the person's choices and their consequences.
Other minor lines:
Sun line - parallel to the Fate Line, under the ring finger;
believed to indicate fame or scandal
Girdle of Venus - starts between the little and ring fingers, runs
in a rough arc under the ring and middle fingers to end between
the middle and pointer fingers; thought to relate to emotional
intelligence and the ability to manipulate
Union lines - short horizontal lines found on the percussive
edge of the palm between the Heart Line and the bottom of the
little finger; believed to indicate close relationships, sometimes
- but not always - romantic.
Mercury line - runs from the bottom of the palm near the wrist,
up through the palm towards the little finger; purported to be an
indicator of persistent health issues, business acumen, or skill in
communication.
Travel lines - these are horizontal lines found on the percussive
edge of the palm between the wrist and the heart line; each line
is said to represent a trip taken by the subject - the longer the
line, the more important the trip is to the subject.
The mounts in Palmistry

Jupiter, Saturn, Apollo, Mercury, Mars positive, Mars
negative, plain of mars, Luna mount, Neptune mount,
[8]
Venus mount.
Other markings - these include stars, crosses, triangles, squares, tridents, and rings under each of the fingers; their
supposed impact and meaning varies by location on the palm and freedom from other interfering lines.
"Apollo line" - the Apollo line means to have a fortunate life; it travels from the Mount of the Moon at the wrist to
beneath the Apollo finger.
Palmistry
Criticism
Criticism of palmistry often rests with the lack of empirical evidence supporting its efficacy. Scientific literature
typically regards palmistry as a pseudoscientific or superstitious belief.[9] Skeptics often include palmists on lists of
alleged psychics who practice cold reading. Cold reading is the practice that allows readers of all kinds, including
palmists, to appear psychic by using high-probability guessing and inferring details based on signals or cues from the
other person.[10]
In films and television

Palmistry has been shown in a number of films and television shows, including:
Amaya (2011) - Through the use of Himalad (Palmistry) the priestess found out that Amaya is the chosen one the girl with a twin snake who will kill the ferocious Rajah.
Eat Pray Love (2010) - Julia Roberts' character goes in for a palmistry reading which transforms her life
The Simian Line (2001) - Readings by a quirky psychic set in motion the main plot of the film
Before Sunrise (1995) - Julie Delpy's character has her palm read, while Ethan Hawke's character is sidelined,
leading to a cynical rant from his character
Jacob's Ladder (1990) - Tim Robbins' character has his palm read at a party, which acts as an ominous portent
Teen Witch (1989) - While Robyn Lively's character has her palm read, the fortune teller recognizes her as
reincarnated witch who will soon be coming into her powers
The Simpsons - Palmistry is lampooned in the Season 4 Episode 8 New Kid on the Block.
Fun and Fancy Free (1947) - In Mickey and the Beanstalk, Mickey reads the giant's palm
Are You Being Served? (1972-1985) - In the third series premiere (1975), Mr. Humphries (played by John
Inman) reads an Asian customer's hand, foretelling an accident. Later on, it does happen.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame - When Quasimodo tells Esmeralda he's a monster, she reads his palm and sees no
"monster lines".
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban - Harry takes a course in divination and dabbles in palmistry.
Hands of Destiny (1954 film) - Palmist Dr Josef Ranald appears as himself. He had supposedly read the palms of
the great and the good (and leading Nazis) in the mid C20 with huge accuracy!
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
Dwivedi. Wonders of Palmistry pp. 16-20

Omura.Acupuncture. pp.172 -174. According to this theory, palmistry developed in India and then extended across the world.
Dwivedi. Wonders of Palmistry p. 25-26
Sharma. The A-Z of Palmistry. p. 95
Chinn. Technology. p.24...it was not until the mid- to late nineteenth century that palmreading took off in Britain, France and the United
States thanks to three major figures: Casimir Stanislas d'Arpentigny, Edward Heron-Allen and ..Cheiro.
[6] Johannes Hartlieb (Munich, 1456) The Book of All Forbidden Arts; quoted in Lng, p. 124.
[7] Heron-Allen. Palmistry
[8] Sara Sirolli - Palmistry diagram of hand (http:/ / www. mrspalmreader. com/ page7. htm) 2008
[9] Preece, P. F., & Baxter, J. H. (2000). Scepticism and gullibility: The superstitious and pseudo-scientific beliefs of secondary school students.
International Journal of Science Education, 22(11), 1147-1156.
[10] David Vernon in Skeptical a Handbook of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal, editors: Donald Laycock, David Vernon, Colin Groves,
Simon Brown, Imagecraft, Canberra, 1989, ISBN 0-7316-5794-2, p. 44.
29
Palmistry
30
Further reading
Chauran, Alexandra (2013). Palmistry Every Day. Llewellyn Worldwide. ISBN0-7387-3494-2.
Saint-Germain, Comte C. de. Practical Palmistry. Laird & Lee Publishers; Chicago, 1897.
Heron-Allen, Edward (2008). Palmistry - A Manual of Cheirosophy (reprint ed.). Baltzell Press.
ISBN1-4437-6535-X.
Chinn, Sarah E. (2000). Technology and the logic of American racism. Continuum. ISBN0-8264-4750-3.
Yoshiaki Omura (2003). Acupuncture Medicine:Its Historical and Clinical Background. Dover Publications Inc.
ISBN0-486-42850-8.
Cheiro. Palmistry for All at Project Gutenberg
Doublepalm+ project (http://doublepalm.com) The Doublepalm+ project is a non-profit site about making palm
reading with people on the web more like palm reading in the real world.
Hari Dutta Sharma (1995). The A-Z of Palmistry. New Delhi, India: Sterling Publishers Pvt.Ltd.
ISBN81-207-1661-2.
Bhorai Dwivedi (1970). Wonders of Palmistry. New Delhi: Diamond Pocket Books. ISBN81-284-0099-1.
Reflexology
Reflexology, or zone therapy, is an alternative medicine involving the
physical act of applying pressure to the feet, hands, or ears with
specific thumb, finger, and hand techniques without the use of oil or
lotion. It is based on what reflexologists claim to be a system of zones
and reflex areas that they say reflect an image of the body on the feet
and hands, with the premise that such work affects a physical change to
the body. A 2009 systematic review of randomised controlled trials
concludes that
"The best evidence available to date does not demonstrate
convincingly that reflexology is an effective treatment for
any medical condition."
There is no consensus among reflexologists on how reflexology is
supposed to work; a unifying theme is the idea that areas on the foot
correspond to areas of the body, and that by manipulating these one
can improve health through one's qi. Reflexologists divide the body
into ten equal vertical zones, five on the right and five on the left.
Concerns have been raised by medical professionals that treating
potentially serious illnesses with reflexology, which has no proven
efficacy, could delay the seeking of appropriate medical treatment.
An example of a reflexology chart, demonstrating

the areas of the feet that practitioners believe
correspond with organs in the "zones" of the
body.
Reflexology
Medical uses
Reviews from 2009 and 2011 have not found evidence sufficient to support the use of reflexology for any medical
condition. The overall quality of the evidence is poor.
Mechanism
The Reflexology Association of Canada defines reflexology as:
"A natural healing art based on the principle that there are reflexes in the feet, hands and ears and their referral
areas within zone related areas, which correspond to every part, gland and organ of the body. Through
application of pressure on these reflexes without the use of tools, crmes or lotions, the feet being the primary
area of application, reflexology relieves tension, improves circulation and helps promote the natural function
of the related areas of the body."
Reflexologists posit that the blockage of an energy field, invisible life force, or Qi, can prevent healing. Another
tenet of reflexology is the belief that practitioners can relieve stress and pain in other parts of the body through the
manipulation of the feet. One claimed explanation is that the pressure received in the feet may send signals that
'balance' the nervous system or release chemicals such as endorphins that reduce stress and pain.[1] These hypotheses
are rejected by the general medical community, who cite a lack of scientific evidence and the well-tested germ
theory of disease.
Reflexology's claim to manipulate energy (Qi) has been highly controversial, as there is no scientific evidence for the
existence of life energy (Qi), 'energy balance', 'crystalline structures,' or 'pathways' in the body.
In Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial, Simon Singh argues that if indeed the hands and feet "reflect"
the internal organs, reflexology might be expected to explain how such "reflection" was derived from the process of
Darwinian natural selection; but Singh observes that no argument or evidence has been adduced.[2]
Use by population
Reflexology is one of the most used alternative therapies in Denmark.
A national survey from 2005 showed that 21.4% of the Danish
population had used reflexology at some point in life and 6.1% had
[3]
used reflexology within the previous year.
A study from Norway showed that 5.6% of the Norwegian population
in 2007 had used reflexology within the last 12 months.[4]
Regulation
In the United Kingdom, reflexology is coordinated on a voluntary basis
by the Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC).
An example of a reflexology chart of the Hand,
Registrants are required to meet Standards of Proficiency outlined by
demonstrating the areas of the hand that
[5]
Profession Specific Boards, as CNHC is voluntary anyone practising
practitioners believe correspond with organs in
can describe themselves as reflexologists. When the CNHC began
the "zones" of the body.
admitting reflexologists, a skeptic searched for and found 14 of them
claiming efficacy on illnesses. Once pointed out, the CNHC had the claims retracted as it conflicted with their
Advertising Standards Authority.[6]
31
Reflexology
History
Practices resembling reflexology may have existed in previous historical periods. Similar practices have been
documented in the histories of China and Egypt.
Reflexology was introduced to the United States in 1913 by William H. Fitzgerald, M.D. (18721942), an ear, nose,
and throat specialist, and Dr. Edwin Bowers. Fitzgerald claimed that applying pressure had an anesthetic effect on
other areas of the body.
Reflexology was modified in the 1930s and 1940s by Eunice D. Ingham (18891974), a nurse and physiotherapist.
Ingham claimed that the feet and hands were especially sensitive, and mapped the entire body into "reflexes" on the
feet renaming "zone therapy" to reflexology.[7] "Modern reflexologists use Ingham's methods, or similar techniques
developed by the reflexologist Laura Norman."
Notes
[1] (WOT score is marked as dangerous (http:/ / www. mywot. com/ en/ scorecard/ reflexology-research. com))
[2] Singh, Simon; Ernst, Edzard (2008). Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial. Transworld. ISBN 978-0-593-06129-9.
[3] Reflexology in Denmark (http:/ / www. vifab. dk/ uk/ alternative+ medicine/ alternative+ therapies/ reflexology?) text from Knowledge and
Research Center for Alternative Medicine (http:/ / www. vifab. dk/ uk) a Danish governmental institution
[4] Nifab-undersgelsen (http:/ / www. nifab. no/ om_alternativ_behandling/ alternativ_behandling_i_norge/ nifab_undersoekelsen) in
Norwegean only
[5] CNHC - Policies (http:/ / www. cnhc. org. uk/ pages/ index. cfm?page_id=47)
[6] CNHC Wishes to Thank Simon Perry (http:/ / adventuresinnonsense. blogspot. com/ 2009/ 11/ cnhc-wishes-to-place-on-formal-record_27.
html), http:/ / adventuresinnonsense. blogspot. com, Friday, 27 November 2009
[7] cancer.org - Reflexology (http:/ / www. cancer. org/ Treatment/ TreatmentsandSideEffects/ ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/
ManualHealingandPhysicalTouch/ reflexology)
External links
"Reflexology at Aetna InteliHealth" (http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/34968/
360060.html?d=dmtContent). 2005-07-07. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
"Reflexology at American Cancer Society" (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/
ETO_5_3X_Reflexology.asp?sitearea=ETO). American Cancer Society. 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
Barrett, Stephen (2004-09-25). "Reflexology: A close look" (http://www.quackwatch.org/
01QuackeryRelatedTopics/reflex.html). Quackwatch. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
Carroll, Robert Todd (2007-10-03). "Skeptics Dictionary: Definition of Reflexology" (http://skepdic.com/
reflex.html). Retrieved 2011-03-14.
Dunning, Brian (2007-01-28). "Reflexology: Only Dangerous If You Use It" (http://skeptoid.com/episodes/
4024). Retrieved 2011-03-14.
Reflexology in the management of encopresis and chronic constipation (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/12715585)
Scientific literary review compilation on Reflexology - 50 page PDF - Compiled by AQTN (http://www.
association.quebec.aqtn.ca/files/Reflexology-full-Litterature-Review.pdf)
32
Tarot
Tarot
This article is about the card decks created for trick-taking games and later used for divinatory and esoteric/occult
purposes. For other uses, see Tarot (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with taro.
The tarot (/tro/; first known as trionfi and later as tarocchi,
tarock, and others) is a pack of playing cards (most commonly
numbering 78), used from the mid-15th century in various parts of
Europe to play a group of card games such as Italian tarocchini and
French tarot. From the late 18th century until the present time the tarot
has also found use by mystics and occultists in efforts at divination or
as a map of mental and spiritual pathways.
Like a normal deck of cards, the tarot has four suits (which vary by
region, being the French suits in Northern Europe, the Latin suits in
Southern Europe, and the German suits in Central Europe). Each of
these suits has pip cards numbering from ace to ten and four face cards
for a total of 14 cards. In addition, the tarot has a separate 21-card
trump suit and a single card known as the Fool. Depending on the
game, the Fool may act as the top trump or may be played to avoid
following suit.
Franois Rabelais gives tarau as the name of one of the games played
by Gargantua in his Gargantua and Pantagruel;[1] this is likely the
earliest attestation of the French form of the name.Wikipedia:Citation
needed Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play card
games. In English-speaking countries, where these games are largely
unplayed, tarot cards are now used primarily for divinatory purposes.
Visconti-Sforza tarot deck. The Devil card is a
20th-century replacement for the card missing
Occultists call the trump cards and the Fool "the major arcana" while
from the original 15th-century deck.
the ten pip and four court cards in each suit are called minor arcana.
The cards are traced by some occult writers to ancient Egypt or the
Kabbalah but there is no documented evidence of such origins or of the usage of tarot for divination before the 18th
century.
Etymology
The English and French word tarot derives from the Italian tarocchi, which has no known origin or
etymologyWikipedia:Citation needed. One theory relates the name "tarot" to the Taro River in northern Italy, near
Parma; the game seems to have originated in northern Italy, in Milan or Bologna.[2] Other writers believe it comes
from the Arabic word turuq, which means 'ways'. Alternatively, it may be from the Arabic taraka, 'to leave,
abandon, omit, leave behind'[3]
33
Tarot
34
History
Playing cards first entered Europe in the late 14th century, probably from Mamluk Egypt, with suits very similar to
the tarot suits of Swords, Staves, Cups and Coins (also known as disks, and pentacles) and those still used in
traditional Italian, Spanish and Portuguese decks.[4]
The first known documented tarot cards were created between 1430 and 1450 in Milan, Ferrara and Bologna in
northern Italy when additional trump cards with allegorical illustrations were added to the common four-suit pack.
These new decks were originally called carte da trionfi, triumph cards, and the additional cards known simply as
trionfi, which became "trumps" in English. The first literary evidence of the existence of carte da trionfi is a written
statement in the court records in Florence, in 1440. The oldest surviving tarot cards are from fifteen fragmented
decks painted in the mid 15th century for the Visconti-Sforza family, the rulers of Milan.
Early decks
Picture-card packs are first mentioned by Martiano da Tortona probably between
1418 and 1425, since the painter he mentions, Michelino da Besozzo, returned to
Milan in 1418, while Martiano himself died in 1425. He describes a deck with 16
picture cards with images of the Greek gods and suits depicting four kinds of
birds, not the common suits. However the 16 cards were obviously regarded as
"trumps" as, about 25 years later, Jacopo Antonio Marcello called them a ludus
triumphorum, or "game of trumps".
Special motifs on cards added to regular packs show philosophical, social,
poetical, astronomical, and heraldic ideas, Roman/Greek/Babylonian heroes, as
in the case of the Sola-Busca-Tarocchi (1491) and the Boiardo Tarocchi poem,
written at an unknown date between 1461 and 1494.[5]
Two playing card decks from Milan (the Brera-Brambilla and
Cary-Yale-Tarocchi)extant, but fragmentarywere made circa 1440. Three
documents dating from 1 January 1441 to July 1442, use the term trionfi. The
document from January 1441 is regarded as an unreliable reference; however, the
same painter, Sagramoro, was commissioned by the same patron, Leonello
d'Este, as in the February 1442 document. The game seemed to gain in
importance in the year 1450, a Jubilee year in Italy, which saw many festivities
and the movement of many pilgrims.
Le Bateleur: The Juggler from the

Jean Dodal Tarot of Marseilles. This
card is often named The Magician in
modern English language tarots
Three mid-15th century sets were made for members of the Visconti family. The first deck, and probably the
prototype, is called the Cary-Yale Tarot (or Visconti-Modrone Tarot) and was created between 1442 and 1447 by an
anonymous painter for Filippo Maria Visconti. The cards (only 67) are today in the Cary collection of the Beinecke
Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, in the U.S. state of Connecticut.[6] The most famous was
painted in the mid-15th century, to celebrate Francesco Sforza and his wife Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of the
duke Filippo Maria. Probably, these cards were painted by Bonifacio Bembo or Francesco Zavattari between 1451
and 1453. Of the original cards, 35 are in The Morgan Library & Museum, 26 are at the Accademia Carrara, thirteen
are at the Casa Colleoni, and four: The Devil, The Tower, Money's Horse (The Chariot), and the 3 of Spades, are lost
or were never made. This "Visconti-Sforza" deck, which has been widely reproduced, reflects conventional
iconography of the time to a significant degree.
Hand-painted tarot cards remained a privilege of the upper classes and, although a single sermon by a Dominican
preacher inveighing against the evil inherent in cards (mostly centered around their use in gambling) can be traced to
the 14th century,[7] no routine condemnations of tarot were found during its early history.
Tarot
Because the earliest tarot cards were hand-painted, the number of the decks produced is thought to have been rather
small, and it was only after the invention of the printing press that mass production of cards became possible. Decks
survive from this era from various cities in France, and the most popular pattern of these early printed decks is called
the Tarot de Marseille such as the Jean Dodal Tarot (Lyon) and the Jean Noblet Tarot (Paris) for example.
Tarot, tarock and tarocchi games

Main article: Tarot, tarock and tarocchi games
The original purpose of tarot cards was for playing games, the first basic rules appearing in the manuscript of
Martiano da Tortona before 1425, and the next from the year 1637. The game of tarot has many cultural variations.
In Italy the game has become less popular. One version named Tarocco Bolognese: Otocento has survived and there
are still others played in Piedmont; but the number of games outside of Italy is much higher. The French tarot game
is the most popular in its native country and regional tarot gamesoften known as tarock, tarok, or tarokkare
widely played in central Europe.
Divinatory, esoteric, and occult tarot

Main article: Divinatory, esoteric and occult tarot
Each card possesses a pictogram and title that represents a specific concept. The belief in divination associated with
Tarot focuses on the prospect that whatever cards are dealt to the participant will be revelatory.
Divination using playing cards is in evidence as early as 1540 in a book entitled The Oracles of Francesco
Marcolino da Forl which allows a simple method of divination, though the cards are used only to select a random
oracle and have no meaning in themselves. But manuscripts from 1735 (The Square of Sevens) and 1750 (Pratesi
Cartomancer) document rudimentary divinatory meanings for the cards of the tarot as well as a system for laying out
the cards. Giacomo Casanova wrote in his diary that in 1765 his Russian mistress frequently used a deck of playing
cards for divination.
Antoine Court de Gbelin, a French-born Protestant pastor and Freemason, published a dissertation on the origins of
the symbolism in the Tarot in volume VIII of his unfinished fifteen volumes of the Le Monde Primitif. De Gbelin,
who never knew the Tarot as the Tarot de Marseille (a name which came much later), thought the Tarot represented
ancient Egyptian Theology, including Isis, Osiris and Typhon (the Greek name for Seth), but never mentions Thoth.
For example, he thought the card he knew as the Papesse and known today as the High Priestess represented Isis. He
also related four Tarot cards to the four Christian Cardinal virtues: Temperance, Justice, Strength and Prudence. He
relates The Tower to a Greek fable about avarice. Although Egyptian had not yet been deciphered by Champollion,
Gbelin asserted the name "Tarot" came from the Egyptian words Tar, "path" or "road", and the word Ro, Ros or
Rog, meaning "King" or "royal", and that the Tarot literally translated to the Royal Road of Life.
35
Tarot
36
Varieties
A variety of styles of tarot decks and designs exist and a number of typical
regional patterns have emerged. Historically, one of the most important designs
is the one usually known as the Tarot de Marseille. This standard pattern was the
one studied by Court de Gbelin, and cards based on this style illustrate his Le
Monde primitif. The Tarot de Marseille was also popularized in the 20th century
by Paul Marteau.Wikipedia:Citation needed Some current editions of cards based
on the Marseille design go back to a deck of a particular Marseille design that
was printed by Nicolas Conver in 1760. Other regional styles include the "Swiss"
Tarot. This one substitutes Juno and Jupiter for the Papess, or High Priestess and
the Pope, or Hierophant. In Florence an expanded deck called Minchiate was
used. This deck of 96 cards includes astrological symbols including the four
elements, as well as traditional tarot motifs.
Some decks exist primarily as artwork; and such art decks sometimes contain
only the 22 trump cards.
French suited tarots
Le Chariot, from Nicolas Conver's

1760 deck.
French suited tarot cards began to appear in Germany during the 18th century.
The first generation of French suited tarots depicted scenes of animals on the
trumps and were thus called "Tiertarock" decks ('Tier' being German for 'animal'). Card maker Gbl of Munich is
often credited for this design innovation. French suited tarot cards are a modern deck used for the tarot/tarock card
games commonly played in France and central Europe. The symbolism of French suited tarot trumps depart
considerably from the older Italian suited design. With very few exceptional recent cases such as the Tarocchi di
Alan, Tarot of Reincarnation and the Tarot de la Nature, French suited tarot cards are nearly exclusively used for
card games and rarely for divination.
Example of 18th century "Tiertarock"

or animal tarot.
Central European 54 card Tarock

deck.
French Tarot Nouveau circa 1910
Tarot
37
Non-occult Italian-suited tarot decks

These were the oldest form of tarot deck to be made, being first devised in the
15th century in northern Italy. The occult tarot decks are based on decks of this
type. Four decks of this category are still used to play certain games:
The Tarocco Piemontese consists of the four suits of swords, batons, cups and
coins, each headed by a king, queen, cavalier and jack, followed by numerals
10 down to 1. The trumps rank as follows: The Angel (20although it only
bears the second-highest number, it is nonetheless the highest), the World (21),
the Sun (19), the Moon (18), the Star (17), the Tower (16), the Devil (15),
Temperance (14), Death (13), the Hanged Man (12), Justice (11), the Wheel of
Fortune (10), the Hermit (9), Strength (8), the Chariot (7), the Lovers (6), the
Pope (5), the Emperor (4), the Empress (3), the Popess (2) and the Bagatto (1).
There is also the Fool (Matto).
Tarocco Piemontese: the Fool.
The Tarot de Besanon and the Swiss Tarot 1JJ are similar, but are of a
different graphical design, and replaces the Pope with Jupiter, the Popess with
Juno, and the Angel with the Judgement. The trumps rank in numerical order
and the Tower is known as the House of God.
The Tarocco Bolognese omits numeral cards two to five in plain suits, leaving it with 62 cards, and has
somewhat different trumps, not all of which are numbered and four of which are equal in rank. It has a different
graphical design.
The Tarocco Siciliano changes some of the trumps, and replaces the 21 with a card labeled Miseria (destitution).
It omits the Two and Three of coins, and numerals one to four in batons, swords and cups: it thus has 64 cards.
The cards are quite small and, again, of a different graphical design.[9]
Occult tarot decks

Etteilla was the first to issue a revised tarot deck specifically designed for occult purposes rather than game playing.
In keeping with the belief that tarot cards are derived from the Book of Thoth, Etteilla's tarot contained themes
related to ancient Egypt. The 78-card tarot deck used by esotericists has two distinct parts:
The Major Arcana (greater secrets), or trump cards, consists of 22 cards without suits: The Magician, The High
Priestess, The Empress, The Emperor, The Hierophant, The Lovers, The Chariot, Strength, The Hermit, Wheel of
Fortune, Justice, The Hanged Man, Death, Temperance, The Devil, The Tower, The Star, The Moon, The Sun,
Judgement, The World and The Fool.
The Minor Arcana (lesser secrets) consists of 56 cards, divided into four suits of 14 cards each; ten numbered
cards and four court cards. The court cards are the King, Queen, Knight and Page/Jack, in each of the four tarot
suits. The traditional Italian tarot suits are swords, batons/wands, coins and cups; in modern tarot decks, however,
the batons suit is often called wands, rods or staves, while the coins suit is often called pentacles or disks.
The terms "major arcana" and "minor arcana" were first used by Jean-Baptiste Pitois (also known as Paul Christian)
and are never used in relation to Tarot card games.
Tarot is often used in conjunction with the study of the Hermetic Qabalah.[8] In these decks all the cards are
illustrated in accordance with Kabbalistic principles, most being under the influence of the Rider-Waite-Smith deck
and bearing illustrated scenes on all the suit cards. The images on the "Rider-Waite" deck were drawn by artist
Pamela Colman Smith, to the instructions of mystic and occultist Arthur Edward Waite, and were originally
published by the Rider Company in 1910. This deck is considered a simple, user friendly one but nevertheless its
imagery, especially in the Major Arcana, is complex and replete with esoteric symbolism. The subjects of the Major
Arcana are based on those of the earliest decks, but have been significantly modified to reflect Waite and Smith's
Tarot
view of tarot. An important difference from Marseilles style decks is that Smith drew scenes with esoteric meanings
on the suit cards. However the Rider-Waite wasn't the first deck to include completely illustrated suit cards. The first
to do so was the 15th century Sola-Busca deck.[9]
Older decks such as the Visconti-Sforza and Marseilles are less detailed than modern esoteric decks. A Marseilles
type deck is usually distinguished by having repetitive motifs on the pip cards, similar to Italian or Spanish playing
cards, as opposed to the full scenes found on "Rider-Waite" style decks. These more simply illustrated "Marseilles"
style decks are also used esoterically, for divination, and for game play, though the French card game of tarot is now
generally played using a relatively modern 19th century design of German origin. Such playing tarot decks generally
have twenty one trump cards with genre scenes from 19th century life, a Fool, and have court and pip cards that
closely resemble today's French playing cards.
The Marseilles style tarot decks generally feature numbered minor arcana cards that look very much like the pip
cards of modern playing card decks. The Marseilles' numbered minor arcana cards do not have scenes depicted on
them; rather, they sport a geometric arrangement of the number of suit symbols (e.g., swords, rods/wands, cups,
coins/pentacles) corresponding to the number of the card (accompanied by botanical and other non-scenic
flourishes), while the court cards are often illustrated with flat, two-dimensional drawings.
A widely used modernist esoteric tarot deck is Aleister Crowley's Thoth Tarot (Thoth pronounced /tot/ or //).
Crowley, at the height of a lifetime's work dedicated to occultism, engaged the artist Lady Frieda Harris to paint the
cards for the deck according to his specifications. His system of tarot correspondences, published in The Book of
Thoth and Liber 777, are an evolution and expansion upon that which he learned in the Hermetic Order of the
Golden Dawn.[10]
In contrast to the Thoth deck's colorfulness, the illustrations on Paul Foster Case's B.O.T.A. Tarot deck are black line
drawings on white cards; this is an unlaminated deck intended to be colored by its owner.
Other esoteric decks include the hermetic Golden Dawn Tarot, which claims to be based on a deck by S.L.
MacGregor Mathers.
The variety of decks presently available is almost endless, and grows yearly. For instance, cat-lovers may have the
Tarot of the Cat People, a deck replete with cats in every picture. The Tarot of the Witches and the Aquarian Tarot
retain the conventional cards with varying designs. The Tree of Life Tarot's cards are stark symbolic catalogs; and
The Alchemical Tarot, created by Robert M. Place, combines traditional alchemical symbols with tarot images.
These contemporary divination decks change the cards to varying degrees. For example, the Motherpeace Tarot is
notable for its circular cards and feminist angle where the male characters have been replaced by females. The Tarot
of Baseball has suits of bats, mitts, balls, and bases; "coaches" and "MVPs" instead of Queens and Kings; and major
arcana cards such as "The Catcher", "The Rule Book", and "Batting a Thousand". In the Silicon Valley Tarot, major
arcana cards include The Hacker, Flame War, The Layoff and The Garage; the suits are Networks, Cubicles, Disks
and Hosts; the court cards CEO, Salesman, Marketeer and New Hire. Another tarot in recent years has been the
Robin Wood Tarot. This deck retains the Rider-Waite theme while adding some very soft and colorful Pagan
symbolism. As with other decks, the cards are available with a companion book written by Wood which details all of
the symbolism and colors utilized in the Major and Minor Arcana.
Unconventionality is taken to an extreme by Morgan's Tarot, produced in 1970 by Morgan Robbins and illustrated
by Darshan Chorpash Zenith. Morgan's Tarot has no suits, no card ranking and no explicit order of the cards. It has
88 cards rather than the more conventional 78, and its simple line drawings show a strong influence from the
psychedelic era. Nevertheless, in the introductory booklet that accompanies the deck Robbins claims spiritual
inspiration for the cards and cites the influence of Tibetan Buddhism in particular.
38
Tarot
Deck-specific symbolism
Many popular decks have modified the traditional symbolism to reflect the esoteric beliefs of their creators.
Rider-Waite-Smith deck
The tarot created by A. E. Waite and Pamela Coleman Smith departs from the earlier tarot design with its use of
scenic pip cards and the alteration of how the Strength and Justice cards are ranked.
Crowley-Harris Thoth deck
Each card in the Thoth deck is intricately detailed with astrological, zodiacal, elemental and Qabalistic symbols
related to each card. Colours are used symbolically, especially the cards related to the five elements of Spirit, Fire,
Water, Air and Earth. Crowley wrote a book, The Book of Thoth, to accompany, describe and expand on his deck and
the data regarding the pathways within. Unlike the popular Waite-Smith Tarot, the Thoth Tarot retains the traditional
order of the trumps but uses alternative nomenclature for both the trumps and the courts.
Hermetic Tarot
Hermetic Tarot utilizes the tarot imagery to function as a textbook and mnemonic device for teaching and revealing
the gnosis of alchemical symbolical language and its profound and philosophical meanings. An example of this
practice is found in the rituals of the 19th-century Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. In the 20th century,
Hermetic use of the tarot imagery as a handbook and revealer of perennial wisdom was further developed in the
work of Carl Gustav Jung and his exploration into the psyche and active imagination. A 21st-century example of a
Hermetic rooted tarot deck is that of Tarot ReVisioned, a black and white deck and book for the Major Arcana by
Leigh J. McCloskey.[11]
References
[1] Franois Rabelais, Gargantua and Pantagruel, ch. 22, "Les Jeux de Gargantua"
[2] Cassandra Eason, Complete Guide to Tarot, p. 3 (Crossing Press, 2000; ISBN 1-58091-068-8)
[3] Etymology for Tarot (http:/ / www. etymonline. com/ index. php?search=tarot& searchmode=none), Douglas Harper - The Online Etymology
Dictionary
[4] Donald Laycock in Skepticala Handbook of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal, ed Donald Laycock, David Vernon, Colin Groves, Simon
Brown, Imagecraft, Canberra, 1989, ISBN 0-7316-5794-2, p. 67
[5] Tarot and its History (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20091027063534/ http:/ / www. geocities. com/ autorbis/ boiardolife. html) - Autorbis
[6] The oldest Tarot deck (http:/ / www. darktarot. com/ the_oldest_tarot_deck. php), Photos, history, and more information on the oldest tarot
deck.
[7] Robert Steele. A Notice of the Ludus Triumphorum and some Early Italian Card Games; With Some Remarks on the Origin of the Playing
Cards." Archaeologia, vol LVII, 1900: pp 185-200.
[8] Israel Regardie, "The Tree of Life", (London, Rider, 1932)
[9] The new encyclopedia of the occult (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=xAmMNnJlfnoC& pg=PA442& dq=solar+ busca+ deck+ tarot&
lr=& hl=cs#v=onepage& q=& f=false), John Michael Greer pg. 442 - Llewellyn Publications (2003) ISBN 1-56718-336-0
[10] Tarot for Your Self: A Workbook for Personal Transformation (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=YJD93CFeDIAC& pg=PA285&
dq=Aleister+ Crowley+ system+ of+ Tarot+ correspondences& lr=& hl=cs#v=onepage& q=Aleister Crowley system of Tarot
correspondences& f=false), Mary K. Greer pg. 285 - New Page Books (2002) ISBN 1-56414-588-3
[11] McCloskey, Leigh, Tarot ReVisioned, adpress
39
Tarot
External links
Tarotpedia (http://www.tarotpedia.com/wiki/Main_Page)
Further reading
Nichols, Sallie, Jung and Tarot: an Archetypal Journey (http://books.google.com/
books?id=43vymTMJKrsC&printsec=frontcover), York Beach : Weiser, 1980
Douglas Alfred The Tarot Penguin Books 1972
Robert Mazlo, A la recherche du Tarot perdu. Les tablettes d'Herms, Ramuel Ed., 1998, ISBN 2910401863.
40

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ChangeChange, Chris Brennan, Chrsyl, Cimon Avaro, Ckatz, Colonies Chris, CommonsDelinker, ConfessedSockPuppetJunior, Crystallina, Curps, Cyktsui, Cynwolfe, DCSmythe, DMacks,
DVdm, Dan Guan, Daniel.o.jenkins, Darkstarastrology, Davidiad, Dbachmann, Deeptrivia, DenisMoskowitz, Dmetric, Doctor Ruud, Doradus, Download, Dr.Luke.sc, Drmies,
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Planets in Astrology PDF

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New millennium astrological chart

Connection Meaning (European)

The Sun God

The mentor of Asuras.

The Great Divine Mother in Hinduism;

A planet god known for his intelligence;

Leader of the Gods;

Mentor/Guru /teacher of gods.

God of "Duty". Punishes the person who

Incarnation of the Sky; A mythological snake king in Indian

God of the Sea

God of rain in Indian mythology; Varuna

The geocentric Ptolemaic system of the universe

Mars: soldiering and warfare

The Sun, the star at the

Luna or Diana, wearing a crescent-moon crown and driving

The moon is used to characterise the inner child within us, as

Astrologically the Moon is associated with a person's emotional make-up, unconscious

Flying Mercury (late 16th-century)

Astrologically, Mercury represents the principles of communication, mentality,

The planet Mercury

The planet Saturn

Syncretic figure of Aion-Uranus standing within

The planet Uranus

) is the ruling planet of Pisces and is exalted in Leo. In Roman mythology,

In art, the impressionist movement began a trend away from literal

Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, ceiling

Ceres with torch in search of

Planetary traditions compared

Other solar system bodies

Ruling planets of the astrological signs and

The Thema Mundi

Pluto, Mercury Venus

Sagittarius 9th House

10th House Saturn

11th House Uranus

12th House Neptune

Pluto, Mercury Moon

Traditional Ruling planet Planetary Joy

10th House Mars

11th House Sun

12th House Venus

http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Astrology& action=edit

Arroyo, Stephen (1989). Chart Interpretation Handbook. California: CCRS Publications.

Fixed and wandering stars

New millennium astrological chart

Stars and astrological degrees

Stars in sidereal and tropical astrology

Non-zodiac constellations in astrology

"Those people wonder at the star." The weavers

Specific fixed stars

Paranatellonta: this manuscript illumination from an astrology text attributed to Alfonso

[8] Nicholas DeVore. Encyclopedia of

The Fortune Teller, by Caravaggio (159495; Canvas; Louvre), depicting a palm

The Fortune Teller by Enrique Simonet (1899)

Cheiro, an influential exponent of palmistry in the

Significance of the left and right hand

The mounts in Palmistry

In films and television

Dwivedi. Wonders of Palmistry pp. 16-20

An example of a reflexology chart, demonstrating