Sr05220203 Power Systems I

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Code No: R05220203 Set No. 1

II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
POWER SYSTEMS-I
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain with the help of neat diagrams, the working of cooling towers in a
steam power plant.
(b) Give the classification of steam turbines used in power plants.
2. (a) What is the comparison of thermal and fast breeder reactors?

(b) Describe the internal and external hazards due to radiations.
3. (a) Explain the difference between radial distribution system and ring-main dis-
tribution system.
[8+8]
[8+8]
(b) Determine the currents supplied to the ring main as shown in figure 3b from
A to B when
i. VA = VB and
ii. VB = (VA + 5) volts. [8+8]
www.andhracolleges.com Figure 3b
4. A three phase ring main PQRS fed at P of 11 kV, supplies balanced loads of 50A
at 0.8 p.f lagging at Q, 120A at unity p.f at R and 70A at 0.866 lagging at S, the
resistances being referred to the various sections are: Section PQ = (1+j0.6) ohm;
section QR = (1.2+j0.9) ohm; section RS = (0.8+j0.5) ohm; section SP = (3+j2)
ohm. Determine the currents in various sections and station bus-bar voltages at
Q,R and S. [16]
5. (a) Explain the construction aspects of gas insulated substations.

(b) What is the difference between air insulated substations and gas insulated
substations. [10+6]
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6. (a) What is a “static capacitor”. Clearly explain and derive the expression for
the capacity of phase modifier to improve power factor of a system.
(b) An alternator is supplying a load of 300 kW at a p.f. of 0.6 lag. If the p.f. is
raised to unity, how many more kW can the alternator supply for the same
kVA loading? [8+8]
7. (a) Define the terms : plant capacity factor and plant use factor and explain their
importance in an electric supply system.
(b) A generating station has the following daily load cycle
Time(hrs) : 0-6 6-10 10-12 12-16 16-20 20-24
Load (MW) : 40 50 60 50 70 40
Draw the load curve and find
i. maximum demand
ii. units generated per day
iii. average load and load factor. [8+8]
8. (a) Classify different types of tariff.

(b) Two systems of tariff are available for a factor working 8 hours a day for 360
days a year
i. H.V. supply at 5 paise per unit plus Rs. 4.5 per month per KVA of
maximum demand.
ii. LV supply at Rs. 5 per month per KVA of maximum demand plus 5.5
paise per unit.
The factor has an average load of 200 KW at 0.8 pf and a maximum
demand of 250 kW at p.f of 0.8.
The H.V. equipment costs Rs. 50 per KVA and losses can be taken as 4%
,the interest and depreciation charges are 2%.
Calculate the differences in cost between the two systems. [8+8]
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POWER SYSTEMS-I
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1. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a thermal power plant.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plant?
2. What are the types of radiation hazards and clearly explain each type.
3. (a) Explain different types of distribution systems with the help of neat sketches.
(b) A DC 2 wire distributor 600m long is fed at both ends A and B at 220V shown
in figure 3b. The load consists of 50A at 100m from A, 75A at 150m from A
and a uniform loading of 0.5A per meter for the last 400m. The resistance
[8+8]
[16]
of each conductor is 0.05Ω/Km. Determine the location and magnitude of

minimum voltage. [8+8]
Figure 3b
4. A 3-phase, 6.6 kV substation supplies a load of 120A at 0.8 p.f. lagging at B and
75 A 0.6 p.f. lagging at C. The impedance of each branch is shown in figure 4. Find
out the current in each branch, the p.f?s of the loads are referred to the station A.
[16]
Figure 4
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5. (a) What is a substation. Name the factors that should be taken care of while
designing and erecting substation.
(b) What is group switching? Explain its operation in detail with help of suitable
diagram. [8+8]
6. (a) Clearly explain the use of static capacitors for improvement of power factor.
(b) A 3-Phase, 50 Hz, 3000 V motor develops 600 HP, the p.f being 0.75 lagging
and the efficiency 0.93. A bank of capacitors is connected in delta across the
supply terminals and the p.f raised to 0.95 lagging. Each of the capacitance
units is built of five similar 600 V capacitors. Determine capacitance of each
capacitor. [8+8]
7. (a) Define the terms : plant capacity factor and plant use factor and explain their
importance in an electric supply system.
(b) A generating station has the following daily load cycle
Time(hrs) : 0-6 6-10 10-12 12-16 16-20 20-24
Load (MW) : 40 50 60 50 70 40
Draw the load curve and find
i. maximum demand
ii. units generated per day
iii. average load and load factor. [8+8]
8. (a) Discuss the different classifications of costs of electrical energy.

(b) A power station has an installed capacity of 50MW and it costs Rs. 1000 Per
KW. The annual fixed cost is 15% of the capital cost and at 100% load factor,
the variable cost per year is 1.3 times the fixed cost. Assuming that there is
no reserve capacity, determine the cost of generation per KWh at load factor
25%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 100%. Comment on the results. [8+8]
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POWER SYSTEMS-I
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1. (a) What are the types of chimneys and discuss each type in thermal plants.
(b) Explain the super heats.
2. (a) Explain the process of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Discuss the advan-
tages and limitations of nuclear fusion process.
(b) Discuss the terms:
i. energy mass equivalent and
ii. binding energy.
3. (a) Discuss the classification of distribution systems.
[8+8]
[8+8]
(b) A 300m ring distributor has loads as shown in figure 3b, where distances are
in meters. The resistance of each conductor is 0.2Ω per Km and the loads are
tapped off at points B, C and D as shown. If the distributor is fed at A at
240V, find voltages at B, C and D. [8+8]
Figure 3b
4. A single phase line (ABC) of length 2 Km having resistance and reactance (go and
return) as 0.06 and 0.1 ohms / Km. A is the feeding point, B is the mid point of
the line taking a load of 100A at 0.9 p.f. leads and C is the far end taking a load
of 120 A at UPF. The voltage at the ‘C? is 230V. Find the voltage at the sending
end and the phase angle difference between the voltages of two ends. If
(a) power factors of the loads are with reference to far end voltage
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(b) Power factors of the loads are with reference to the voltages at the load points.
[8+8]
5. (a) What are the different types of bus bar arrangements?

(b) Explain the single bus bar system with sectionalization and what its merits
are as well as demerits. [6+10]
6. (a) Write notes on need for maintaining good voltage profile in power systems and
need to improve power factor.
(b) A 37.3 kW induction motor has power factor 0.9 and efficiency 0.9 at full1oad,
power factor 0.6 and efficiency 0.7 at half-load. At no-load, the current is 25%
of the full-load current and power factor 0.1. Capacitors are supplied to make
the line power factor 0.8 at half-load. With these capacitors in circuit, find
the line power factor at
i. full load and
ii. no-load. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the integrated load duration curve.

(b) A generating station has a maximum demand of 500MW the annual load factor
is 50% and capacity factor is 40%, find the reserve capacity of the plant.[8+8]
8. (a) Distinguish between two part and three part tariffs.

(b) A supply company offers the following alternate tariffs for supply to a factory
i. HV supply at Rs. 70 per KVA per annum plus 3 paise per KWh
ii. LV supply at Rs. 65 per KVA per annum plus 4 paise per KWh.
The cost of transformers and switch gears for HV supply is Rs. 50 per KVA
and full transformer losses are 2%. The annual fixed charges on the capital
cost of HV plant are 15%. If the factory runs for 6 hours a day, find the
number of days for which the factors should be run so that the HV supply is
cheaper. [8+8]
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1. Briefly describe the main parts and the working of a thermal power plant.
2. (a) What is the need of nuclear power generation?

(b) What are the merits and demerits of nuclear power plant?
(b) Figure 3b shows a ring distributor with inter connector BD. The supply is
given at point A. The resistances of go and return of various sections are
indicated in the figure. Calculate
[16]
[6+10]
3. (a) What are the advantages of a doubly fed distributor over single fed distributor?
i. current in the inter connector

ii. voltage drop in the inter connector. [8+8]
www.andhracolleges.com Figure 3b
4. A three-phase distribution system power is supplied at 11 kV (line voltage) and
balanced load of 50 A/phase at 0.8 lagging p.f and 70 A at 0.9 lagging p.f are taken
at Q and R respectively. The impedance of the feeders are PQ = (5+j9)Ω, QR =
(6+j10) Ω and RP = (4+j8)Ω. Calculate the voltage at Q and R and the current
in each branch. Power factors are assumed with respect to voltage at P. [16]
5. (a) Explain the main and transfer bus bar system with circuit diagram.
(b) What is the difference between single bus bar with and without sectionalization
arrangement? [8+8]
6. (a) Compare and explain the role of shunt and series capacitors in p.f. correction
(b) A single phase system supplies the following loads
i. Light load of 25 kW at unity power factor
ii. Induction motor load of 125 kW at p.f. 0.707 lagging
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iii. Synchronous motor load of 75 kW at p.f 0.9 leading
Determine the total kW and kVA delivered by the system and p.f at which it
works. [8+8]
7. (a) Define the terms: annual plant use factor and annual plant capacity factor of
a power station and discuss the effect of these factors on the choice of the size
and number of units, the reserve capacity of plant and the operating schedule
of the station.
(b) A consumer has the following connected loads: 15 lamps of 40W each and two
heaters of 1,000W each. His maximum demand is 15000W. On the average
he uses 10 lamps 5 hours a day and each heater for 3 hours a day. Find his
average load, monthly energy consumption and load factor. [8+8]
8. (a) Discuss the flat rate and block rate tariffs.

(b) A power station has an installed capacity of 20,000KW. The cost of the station
is Rs. 1,200/kW. The fixed costs are 13% of the cost of investment on full
load at 100% load factor, the variable costs of the station per year is 1.5 times
the fixed costs. Assume that there is no reserve capacity of the plant and
that are variable costs and proportional to energy production. Find the cost
of generation per KWh at load factor of 100% and 20%. Comment on the
results. [8+8]
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Sr05220203 Power Systems I

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www.andhracolleges.

com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: R05220203 Set No. 1

2. (a) What is the comparison of thermal and fast breeder reactors?

5. (a) Explain the construction aspects of gas insulated substations.

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05220203 Set No. 1

8. (a) Classify different types of tariff.

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05220203 Set No. 2

of each conductor is 0.05Ω/Km. Determine the location and magnitude of

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05220203 Set No. 2

8. (a) Discuss the different classifications of costs of electrical energy.

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Code No: R05220203 Set No. 3

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Code No: R05220203 Set No. 3

5. (a) What are the different types of bus bar arrangements?

7. (a) Explain the integrated load duration curve.

8. (a) Distinguish between two part and three part tariffs.

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

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Code No: R05220203 Set No. 4

2. (a) What is the need of nuclear power generation?

i. current in the inter connector

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05220203 Set No. 4

8. (a) Discuss the flat rate and block rate tariffs.

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