Psoc

www.andhracolleges.
com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Code No: M0203 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
www.andhracolleges.com
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. Two units each of 200 MW in a thermal power plant are operating all the time
throughout the year. The maximum and minimum load on each unit is 200 MW
and 50 MW respectively. The incremental fuel characteristics for the two units are
given as
dC1
dPG1
= 15 + 0.08 PG1 Rs./ MWhr
dC2
dPG2
= 13 + 0.1 PG2 Rs./ MWhr
If the total load varies between 100 MW and 400 MW, find the incremental fuel
cost and allocation of load between two units. [16]
2. A power system consists of two 100 MW units whose input cost data are represented
by equations below:
C1 = 0.04 P1 2 + 22 P1 + 800 Rupees/hour
C2 = 0.045 P2 2 + 15 P2 + 1000 Rupees/hour
If total received power PR = 150 Mw. Determine the load sharing between units
for most economic operation. [16]
3. Write the advantages of operation of hydro thermal combinations. [16]
4. Describe the mathematical model of Speed - Governing System. [16]
5. (a) What are the basic requirements of a load frequency control problem?
(b) A 500 MVA synchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50
Hz. The load is reduced to 400 MW. The stem valve begins to operate with
a time lag of 0.5 seconds. Determine the change in frequency if H=5 kW-sec
per kVA. [8+8]
6. Two power stations A and B of capacities 75MW and 200MW respectively are
operating in parallel and are interconnected by a short transmission line. The
generators of stations A and B have speed regulations 4% and 2% respectively.
Calculate the output of each station and the load on the interconnection, if,
(a) The load on each station is 100MW

(b) The loads on respective bus bars are 50MWand 150MW
(c) The load is 130MW at station ‘A’ bus bar only. [6+5+5]
7. Explain the state variable model of two area load frequency controller with integral
action. [16]
Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

USA-UK-Australia-Germany-France-NewZealand Universities List
1 of 2
www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information
www.andhracolleges.com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

8. A 400 kV line is fed through 132/400 kV transformer from a constant 132 kV supply
as shown in figure 8. At the load end of the line another transformer of nominal
ratio 400/132 kV is used to reduce the voltage. The total impedance of the line and
transformers at 400 kV is (50 + j100) ohms. Both transformers are equipped with
tap changing facilities which are o arranged that the product of the two-off nominal
setting is unity. If the load on the system is 50 M at 0.8 p.f. lagging, calculate the
setting of the tap-changers required to maintain the voltage of the load bus at 132
kV. [16]
Figure 8
?????
2 of 2

?????
1. Explain in detail the terms production costs, total efficiency, incremental efficiency
and incremental rates with respect to Thermal power plant. [16]
2. The cost curves of two plants are

C1 = 0.05 PG1 2 + 20 PG1 + 150
C2 = 0.05 PG2 2 + 15 PG1 + 180
The loss co-efficient for the above system are given as B11 =0.0015 /MW, B12 =
B21 = - 0.0004/MW and B22 =0.0032/ MW. Determine the economical generation
scheduling corresponding λ =25 Rs./MWh and corresponding system load that can
be met with. If the total load connected to the system is 120 MW taking 4% change
in the value of λ, what should be the value of l in the next iteration. [16]
3. Explain the problem of scheduling hydro - thermal power plants and What are the
constraints in the problem? [16]
4. Discus in detail the following components of excitation system.
(a) Error Amplifier
(b) SCR Power Amplifier
(c) Main Exciter and
(d) Alternator. [4+4+4+4]
5. A Generator in single area load frequency control has the following parameters:
Total generation capacity = 2500 MW
Normal operating load =1500 MW
Inertia constant=5 kW-seconds per kVA; Load damping constant, B=1 %; fre-
quency, f=50 Hz; and Speed regulation, R=2.5 Hz / p.u MW. If there is a 1.5 %
increase in the load, find the frequency drop
(a) without governor control

(b) with governor control. [8+8]
6. Given a block diagram of two interconnected areas shown in figure 6 (consider the
prime-mover output to be constant i.e., a blocked governor):

1 of 2
www.andhracolleges.com Figure 6
(a) Derive the transfer functions that relating tie-flow, ∆Ptie (s) to ∆PL (s).
(b) Derive the transfer functions that relate ∆ω1 (s) and ∆ω2 (s) to a load change
∆PL (s). [8+8]
7. Explain the state variable model of two area load frequency controller with integral
action. [16]
8. A three phase transmission line has resistance and inductive reactance of 25 ohms
and 90 ohms respectively. With no load at the receiving end a synchronous com-
pensator there takes a current lagging by 900 , the voltage at the sending end is
145 kV and 132 kV at the receiving end. Calculate the value of the current taken
by the compensator. When the load at the receiving end is 50 MW, it is found
that the line can operate with unchanged voltages at sending and receiving ends,
provided that the compensator takes the same current as before but now leading
by 900 . Calculate the reactive power of the load. [16]
?????

2 of 2

?????
1. (a) Explain the following terms with reference to power plants: Heat input -
power output curve, Heat rate input, Incremental input, Generation cost and
Production cost.
(b) What are the methods of scheduling of generation of steam plants? Explain
their merits and demerits? [8+8]
2. Write algorithm for economic allocation of generation among generators of a ther-

mal system taking into account transmission losses with derive necessary equations.
[16]
3. Explain KIRCHMAYER’s Method of hydro thermal scheduling. [16]
4. Two generating stations A and B have full load capacities of 500MW and 210MW
respectively. The inter connector connecting the two stations has an induction
motor / synchronous generator (plant C) of full load capacity 50 MW near station
A percentage changes of speeds of A, B and C are 5,4 and 2.5 respectively. The
loads on bus bars A and B are 250MW and 100MW respectively. Determine the
load taken by the set C and indicate the direction of power flow. [16]
5. An isolated power station has the following parameters

Generator inertia constant=5 second
Governor time constant τg =0.2 seconds
Turbine time constant τT =0.5 seconds
Governor speed regulation=0.05 per unit
The load varies by 0.8 % for a load 1 % change in frequency, i.e., B=0.8. The
turbine rated output is 250 MW at a nominal frequency of 60 Hz. A sudden load
change of 50 MW occurs in the system. Find the steady frequency deviation in Hz.
[16]
6. (a) Explain the effect of bias factors on the system regulation.

(b) Two control areas connected by a tie line have the following characteristics.
Area 1: R=0.11 pu Area 2: R=0.018 pu
D=0.8 pu D=0.9 pu
Base MVA=1000 Base MVA=500
A load change of 200 MW occurs in area 2. Determine the tie-line power flow
deviation. Assume both areas were at nominal frequency 50 Hz. [8+8]
7. Draw the block diagram of a power system showing the governor, turbine and syn-
chronous generator, indicating their transfer functions. For a step disturbance of
1 of 2

∆PD , obtain the response of “increment in frequency”, making suitable assump-
tions.
(a) Without proportional plus integral controller and
(b) With proportional plus integral control. [16]
8. (a) A single-phase motor connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply takes 30 A at a p.f

of 0.7 lag. A capacitor is shunted across the motor terminals to improve the
p.f to 0.9 lag. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor to be shunted across
the motor terminals.
(b) Explain the specifications of load compensation. [8+8]
?????
2 of 2

?????
1. (a) What is the need of optimal operation of power systems?

(b) The fuel costs for two plants are given by C1 = 0.15 P1 2 +30P1 +25, C2 = 0.17
P2 2 +28P2 +20 where C is in Rs/Hr and P is in MW. If both units operate at
all time and maximum and minimum load on each unit are 100 MW and 20
MW respectively determine the economic operating schedule of the plant for
loads of 40 MW, 120 MW. [12+4]
2. Derive the condition for economic scheduling of generators in a plant. [16]
3. Explain about Hydro thermal co-ordination with necessary equations. [16]
4. (a) Explain the necessity of maintaining a constant frequency in power system

operation.
(b) Two generators rated 100 MW and 400 MW are operating in parallel. The
droop characteristics of their governors are 2% and 4% respectively from no
load to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50 Hz at
noload, how would a load of 500 MW be shared between them? What will be
the system frequency at this load? Assume free governor operation. [6+10]
5. A single area system has the following data:

Speed regulation, R = 4 Hz / pu MW
Damping co-efficient, B = 0.1 pu MW / Hz
Power system time constant, TP = 10 sec
Power system gain, KP = 75 Hz / pu MW
When a 2% load change occurs, determine the area frequency response character-
istic and static frequency error what is the value of steady state frequency error if
the governor is blocked. [16]
6. Two areas are connected via an inter tie line. The load at 50 Hz, is 15000 MW in
area 1 and 35000 in area 2. Area 1 is importing 1500 MW from area 2. The load
damping constant in each area is B=1.0 and the regulation R=6 % for all units.
Area 1 has a spinning reserve of 800 MW spread over 4000 MW of generation
capacity and area 2 has a spinning reserve of 1000 MW spread over 10000 MW
generation. Determine, with the supplementary control, the steady state frequency,
generation and load of each area and tie-line power for the following cases:
(a) Loss of 500 MW generation in area 1, carrying parts of spinning reserve.

(b) Loss of 1500 MW generation in area 1, not carrying spinning reserve.
1 of 2

(c) Tripping of tie-line, assuming no change to inter change schedule of supple-
mentary control.
(d) Tripping of tie-line, and changing schedule of supplementary control to zero.
[16]
7. Derive the transfer function (∆F(s)/∆PD (s)) for proportional and integral control
of a single area system. [16]
8. Explain the operations of synchronous condenser and mention its applications in

power systems and derive the expression for capacity of synchronous condenser.
[16]
?????
2 of 2

Psoc

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Psoc

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

www.andhracolleges.

com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: M0203 Set No. 1

3. Write the advantages of operation of hydro thermal combinations. [16]

(a) The load on each station is 100MW

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: M0203 Set No. 1

Code No: M0203 Set No. 2

2. The cost curves of two plants are

4. Discus in detail the following components of excitation system.

(a) Error Amplifier

(a) without governor control

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: M0203 Set No. 2

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: M0203 Set No. 3

2. Write algorithm for economic allocation of generation among generators of a ther-

3. Explain KIRCHMAYER’s Method of hydro thermal scheduling. [16]

5. An isolated power station has the following parameters

6. (a) Explain the effect of bias factors on the system regulation.

Code No: M0203 Set No. 3

(a) Without proportional plus integral controller and

8. (a) A single-phase motor connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply takes 30 A at a p.f

Code No: M0203 Set No. 4

1. (a) What is the need of optimal operation of power systems?

2. Derive the condition for economic scheduling of generators in a plant. [16]

3. Explain about Hydro thermal co-ordination with necessary equations. [16]

4. (a) Explain the necessity of maintaining a constant frequency in power system

5. A single area system has the following data:

(a) Loss of 500 MW generation in area 1, carrying parts of spinning reserve.

Code No: M0203 Set No. 4

8. Explain the operations of synchronous condenser and mention its applications in

Potrebbero piacerti anche