International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology

(IJARET)
Volume 7, Issue 3, MayJune 2016, pp. 96102, Article ID: IJARET_07_03_009
Available online at
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ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499
IAEME Publication

PRODUCTION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM

WASTE HDPE PLASTICS AND
OPTIMIZING PARAMETERS
Asst. Prof. Vikas Mukhraiya and Asst. Prof. Raj Kumar Yadav
Asst. Prof. Department of Mechanical Engineering, AIST Sagar M.P
Mohd Shahnawaz Qureshi
M. Tech Scholar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AIST Sagar M.P
ABSTRACT
In my research of fuel production through waste HDPE and plastic with
the help of plastic to catalyst ratio as a catalyst in that first of all i prepare a
mild steel closed air tight vessel having a lid on the top of it along with the
hole which is attached by a long galvanize steel pipe then I filled the container
up of its height with the waste plastic and polythene then by using external
source of heater temperature of closed chamber is arises up to 300 o C-450o C
from room temperature on which the pyrolysis takes place which converts the
waste plastic or polythene in useful fuel whose texture ,odour, colour, and all
other properties like flash point ,fire point, cloud point, pour point, viscosity,
are almost near to the petrol. After that the outcome fuel from a waste plastic
or polythene is used as a normal fuel in a 100 CC bike and found the fuel
gives more millage as compare to petrol about 4-6 km. Which increases the
efficiency of the engine by 5-8%.& by using Taguchi Technique I optimize the
various parameters which affects the production of plastic fuel by using
advance technique I found the plastic to catalyst ratio is most affecting
parameter.
Key words: Pyrolysis, Plastic to Catalyst Ratio, Taguchi Method, S/N Ratio,
Temperature, Time.
Cite this article: Vikas Mukhraiya, Raj Kumar Yadav and Mohd Shahnawaz
Qureshi. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and
Technology, 7(3), 2016, pp 96102.
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Production of Liquid Fuels From Waste HDPE Plastics and Optimizing Parameters

INTODUCTION
Plastics
Plastic materials are cannot be decomposed easily in a short period of time. These
plastic wastes can be classified as industrial and municipal according to their origins;
these groups have different qualities and properties. The level of waste plastic
continuous increase it is generating environmental problems worldwide.
Classification of plastics includes high-density poly-ethylene, (High- Density
Polyethylene Milk, detergent & oil bottles, toys, containers used outside, parts and
plastic bags) .low-density polyethylene (LDPE, Many plastic bags, shrink-wraps,
garment bags or containers), polypropylene and polystyrene. Also, plastics are
classified by their chemical structure of the polymer's backbone and side chains.
Some important groups in these classifications are the acrylics, polyesters, silicones,
polyurethanes, and halogenated plastics. Poly Propylene. Refrigerated containers,
some bags, most bottle tops, some carpets, and some food wraps. There are two main
types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers. These waste plastic
convert to useful oil and reduces the many problems increasing in world.

METHODOLOGY
Pyrolysis process for conversion of waste plastic into fuel
Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic substances by heating the word is
originally coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire" and lysys
"decomposition". Pyrolysis is usually the first chemical reaction that occurs in the
burning of many solid organic fuels, cloth, like wood, and paper, and also of some
kinds of plastic. Anhydrous Pyrolysis process can also be used to produce liquid fuel
similar to diesel from plastic waste. Pyrolysis technology is thermal degradation
process in the absence of oxygen. Plastic waste is treated in a cylindrical reactor at
temperature of 300C 350C.Now a days plastics waste is very harmful to our nature
also fo human beings .plastic is not easily decomposable its affect in fertilization
,atmosphere ,mainly affect on ozone layer so it is necessary to recycle these waste
plastic into useful things .so we recycle this waste plastic into a useful fuel.

Taguchi Method
The method presented in this study is an experimental design process called the
Taguchi design method. Taguchi design, developed by Dr.Genichi Taguchi, is a set of
methodologies by which the inherent variability of materials and manufacturing
processes has been taken into account at the design stage. Although similar to design
of experiment (DOE), the Taguchi design only conducts the balanced (orthogonal)
experimental combinations, which makes the Taguchi design even more effective
than a fractional factorial design. By using the Taguchi techniques, industries are able
to greatly reduce product development cycle time for both design and production,
therefore reducing costs and increasing profit.
The objective of the parameter design is to optimize the settings of the process
parameter values for improving performance characteristics and to identify the
product parameter values under the optimal process parameter values. The parameter
design is the key step in the Taguchi method to achieving high quality without
increasing cost. The steps included in the Taguchi parameter design are: selecting the
proper orthogonal array (OA) according to the numbers of controllable factors

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Vikas Mukhraiya, Raj Kumar Yadav and Mohd Shahnawaz Qureshi

(parameters); running experiments based on the OA; analysing data; identifying the
optimum condition; and conducting confirmation runs with the optimal levels of all
the parameters.

Experimental Setup

Plastic Fuel

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Production of Liquid Fuels From Waste HDPE Plastics and Optimizing Parameters

OBSERVATION TABLES
Table 1 Comperision HDPE Oil with Petrol and Deisel Oil
Fuel properties
Density
Viscosity
Specific gravity
Flash point( o C)
Fire point ( o C)
Cloud point ( o C)
Pour point ( o C)
Colour

HDPE
795.45 kg/m3
0.775 poise
0.776
23
27
Below 2
-4.5 to -5
Brownish

PETROL
711 to 737 kg/m3
1.5 to 4 poise
0.82
22
25
1 to 3
-4 to -20
Brown transparent

DIESEL
820 to 900 kg/m3
1 to 3.97 poise
0.81 to 0.96
26
29
2.5 to4
-2 to -12
Dyed blue

Table 2 Control parameters and their levels

Control parameters
Plastic to Catalyst ratio
Temperature (degree c)
Time (minute)

Level 1
10
250
45

Level 2
12
300
50

Level 3
14
350
55

Evaluation of S/N ratios

The control factors that may contribute to reduced variations can be identified quickly
by looking at the amount of variation present as a response. Taguchi created a
transformation of repetition data to another value which represents measure of
variation present. This transformation is Signal to Noise ratio. Thus Signal to noise
ratio is measure of amount of observed variation present relative to the observed
average of quantity of fuel, the results are analyzed first by calculating t he signal-tonoise (S/N) ratio for each performance characteristics for each experiment.
Calculating the average of S/N value for each factor and plotting them for each level
Table 3 L9 Orthogonal array
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Plastic to Catalyst ratio

10
10
10
12
12
12
14
14
14

Temperature (degree C)
250
250
250
300
300
300
350
350
350

Time (minute)
45
45
45
50
50
50
55
55
55

The S/N ratio that condenses multiple data points within a trial depends on the
type of characteristics being evaluated. Accordingly, S/N ratios may be Higher the
best (HB), lower the best (LB) or nominal the best. The equations for Higher the best
(HB), lower the best (LB) are presented below:

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Vikas Mukhraiya, Raj Kumar Yadav and Mohd Shahnawaz Qureshi

1) Higher the better

Table 4 S/N RATIO

Run
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Plastic to
Catalyst ratio
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3

Temperature

Time

1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3

1
2
3
2
3
1
3
1
2

Quantity (ml)

S/N Ratio
100.03
100.01
100.04
101.42
101.95
101.63
102.27
102.37
102.16

87
86.5
87.5
92
94.5
93
96
96.5
95.5

TABLE 5 Response tabl

S.NO.

Plastic to Catalyst ratio Temperature

Time

1.

100.05

101.24

101.34

2.

101.66

101.26

101.19

3.

102.26

101.42

101.42

TABLE 6 Results of the ANOVA

CF
A
B
C
Error
Total

DOF
2
2
2
2
08

SS
7.992
0.14383
0.0818
16.4352
24.65286

MS

%C
32.42
0.58
0.33
66.66

Pie chart for percentage contribution

Pie chart for percentage contribution

32.42

66.66
0.58
0.33
Plastic to Catalyst Ratio

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Temperature

100

Time

Error

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Production of Liquid Fuels From Waste HDPE Plastics and Optimizing Parameters

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

By heating the close combustion chamber with heater of thousand Watt in a
temperature range of 300 to 450 degree Celsius, we get approx 700 ml fuel oil. By
heating of combustion about two hour. By using 50 ml of this fuel in 100 cc bike its
runs bike 5 minute, at average speed of 40 km/h. it is concluded that the waste plastic
Pyrolysis oil represents a good alternative fuel.
We get properties of this fuel oil which are namely viscosity, density, specific
gravity, flash point, fire point, cloud point, and four point the value of these listed in
the above observation table 1.

CONCLUSION
By using this fuel oil in 100 cc bike it increases efficiency of bike by 5 to 8% as
compared to petrol used in the bike. Engine fueled with waste plastic oil exhibits
higher thermal efficiency. By comparing the density of HDPE oil with petrol its gives
approximately same value. It could be concluded, that thermal pyrolysis of plastic
waste leads to the production of fuel oil, valuable resource recovery and reduction of
waste problem. Thermal pyrolysis of waste plastic waste has also several advantages
over other alternative recycling methods. It has been shown that the conversion at
lower temperature in the presence of catalyst into liquid is a feasible process.
According to ANOVA analysis the most effective parameters with respect to
percentage calibration is plastic to catalyst ratio, temperature, time contribution
indicates the relative power of a factor to reduce variation. For a factor with a higher
percent contribution, a small variation will have a great influence on the performance.
The percent contributions of the plastic fuel parameters on the percentage calibration
shown in Table-6 According to this, plastic to catalyst ratio was found to be the major
factor affecting the percentage calibration, whereas temperature was found to be the
second factor and third one is time.

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