Definition of Jitter Transfer Function (JTF)

fC

fH

40 kHz

400 kHz

400 Hz

STM-1/
OC-3

1.3 kHz 130 kHz 1.3 MHz

300 Hz

30 kHz

5 kHz

500 kHz 5 MHz

300 Hz

30 kHz

20 MHz

STM-16/ A
OC-48 B

20 kHz
300 Hz

2 MHz
30 kHz

20 MHz
3 MHz

STM-64/ A
OC-192 *

10 kHz

1 MHz

80 MHz

120 kHz

OTU1

2.5 kHz 250 kHz 20 MHz

OTU2

10 kHz

1 MHz

80 MHz

OTU3

40 kHz

4 MHz

320 MHz

1.3 MHz

Tolerance mask

0 dB

Reliable Jitter Measurement

www.acterna.com

ca

/de

dB

ONT-50

de

STM-4/
OC-12

0.1 dB

JTF (f) = 20 log Output jitter (f)

Input jitter (f)

20

OC-1

Jitter gain

fL

fC

fH Frequency

Determining the Jitter Transfer Function

Tx

What is Jitter?

Jitter simulation
Regenerator
Jitter
measurement

Rx

* Telcordia GR-1377-Core

ANT-20

Root Mean Square (RMS) and Peak-to-Peak Jitter

Definition Maximum Tolerable Jitter (MTJ)

The root mean square (RMS) value of the jitter signal provides an indication of the jitter
noise power. Peak values that cause bit errors are not recorded by an RMS measurement.

Jitter is the term used to designated periodic or stochastic deviations

of the significant instants of a digital signal from the ideal, equidistant
values. Otherwise stated, the transitions of a digital signal invariably
occur either too early or too late when compared to a perfect squarewave (reference clock).

RMS jitter is defined for an integration period of T as:

HT1 $[ j(t)] dt

JRMS =

Network
element

Rx

Output Jitter Intrinsic Jitter

SONET transport

PDH transport

Synchronization

OTU1
OTU2
OTU3
ITU-T G.825
STM-1e
ETSI EN 302 084
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
STM-64
ANSI T1.105.03
OC-1
Telcordia GR-253
OC-3
OC-12
OC-48
OC-192
ITU-T G.823
2048 kbps
ETSI EN 302 084
8448 kbps
34368 kbps
139264 kbps
ANSI T.1102
1544 kbps
Telcordia GR-499
6312 kbps
ITU-T G.824
44736 kbps
ITU-T G.823
2048 kbps PRC
ETSI EN 300 462-3-1 2048 kbps SSU
2048 kbps SEC
2048 kbps PDH
ANSI T1.101
1544 kbps

Jitter limits
High-band jitter/UIpp
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.075
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.2
0.2
0.15
0.075
0.1
0.1
0.1

0.2
0.2
0.1

Jitter limits
Wide-band jitter/UIpp
0.3
0.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.01 UIrms (12 kHz)
0.01 UIrms (12 kHz)
0.01 UIrms (12 kHz)
0.01 UIrms (12 kHz)
0.3
0.1 (0.01 UIrms)
0.1 (0.01 UIrms)
0.1 (0.01 UIrms)
0.1 (0.01 UIrms)
0.1 (0.01 UIrms)
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
tbd
0.05
0.015
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
1.0 (0.3 UIrms)
1.0 (0.3 UIrms)
1.0 (0.3 UIrms)

Jitter limits
High-band jitter/UIpp
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

0.1

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

0.075
0.1
0.1
0.1

RMS value of random jitter

1.00

Jittered
clock

0.50

Clock
deviation
and jitter

Network
element

20

0.00

6.0

RMS value
0.25 UIrms

0.15
0

20

40

60

80

100

38.9

1.00

Integration time T
Time
p-p random

"

27.8

A4

15

10.9

3.63

A3

1.5
1.5

1.5
1.5

1.5

A2

0.15
0.15

0.15
0.15

0.15

A1

5
5

5
5

A2

0.2

0.2

0.1
0.1

0.1
0.1

A1

A3

Jitter
frequency

10

DS-3
DS-3 (GR-499 Cat.1)

1.7

2M

140M

f2

f3

f4

10
10

120
500

6k
8k

40 k
40 k

219 620 30 k 400 k

10 2.3 k 60 k 300 k
20 2.4 k 18 k 100 k
20

400

3 k 400 k

4.4

100

1k

10 k 800 k

200

500 10 k 3.5 M

8M
34M

f1

Jitter
frequency

120

10

STM-1
OC-3

Integration time T

Time

Sinus quadr.

0.15

1.5

DS-1
DS-1 (GR-499 Cat.1)

f01

1.50

Square of random

0.075

1.5

A5

Noise-like jitter
2 UIpp

0.50

Installation &
commissioning

Operation &
maintenance

Jitter tolerance MTJ

ADM, DXC, Regenerator input ports

Essential

Essential

Possible

Recommended

Jitter transfer or jitter gain JTF

Regenerator

Essential

Essential

Recommended

Possible

Output jitter intrinsic jitter

Network test

Possible

Possible

Essential

Recommended

Tributary jitter

Network test

Possible

Possible

Essential

Recommended

Pointer jitter

ADM, DXC, tributary O/P ports

Essential

Recommended

Recommended

Possible

SONET/SDH mapping jitter

ADM, DXC, tributary O/P ports

Essential

Recommended

Recommended

Possible

OTN mapping jitter

ADM, DXC, Client O/P ports

Essential

Recommended

Recommended

Possible

f02

STM-4
OC-12

"

RMS value

10

STM-16
OC-48
OTU1

19.3
9.65

10
10

12.1

10
10

12.1

f03

f04

f1

f2

10

41.3

100

2k

10

68.7

500
500

6.5 k 65 k
6.5 k 65 k

1.3 M
1.3 M

18.5

100

1k
1k

25 k 250 k
25 k 250 k

5M
5M

70.9

500
500

296

2k
2k

5k
5k
5k
20 k
20 k
20 k

8k

20 k 400 k 16 M 320 M

100 k
100 k
100 k
400 k
400 k
400 k

f3

f4

20 k 400 k

1M
1M
1M
4M
4M
4M

20 M
20 M
20 M
80 M
80 M
80 M

Combined Jitter

SONET/SDH Mapping Jitter

Limits for combined jitter (pointer & mapping jitter)

Maximum mapping jitter as per ITU-T G.783

G.783, GR-253
EN 300 417-1-1

Max. jitter
[UIpp]

High pass
cutoff

Low-pass
cutoff

DS1

1.3 ... 1.9

0.1

10 Hz
8 kHz

40 kHz
40 kHz

1.3
0.1

10 Hz
30 kHz

400 kHz
400 kHz

0.4
0.075

20 Hz
18 kHz

100 kHz
100 kHz

0.4
0.075

100 Hz
10 kHz

800 kHz
800 kHz

0.4 ... 0.75

0.075

200 Hz
10 kHz

3500 kHz
3500 kHz

DS3
2 Mbps
34 Mbps
140 Mbps

Bit rate

Max. offset Max. jitter (p-p) High pass Low-pass

1.544 Mbps
(DS1)

+50 ppm

0.1 UI

8 kHz

40 kHz

2.048 Mbps
(E1)

+50 ppm

0.075 UI

18 kHz

100 kHz

34.368 Mbps
(E3)

+30 ppm

0.075 UI

10 kHz

800 kHz

44.736 Mbps
(DS3)

+20 ppm

0.1 UI

30 kHz

400 kHz

0.075 UI

10 kHz

3500 kHz

139.264 Mbps +15 ppm

(E4)

Analysis of mapping jitter at tributary outputs

Determining combined jitter

REF

REF

Jitter Measurement Filters for SDH/SONET

and OTN Bit Rates

Jitter
detector

Wide-band
f1 f4

Df14

High-band
f3 f4

Df34

High pass 1
500 Hz
1 kHz
5 kHz
20 kHz
80 kHz
20 kHz

STM-1/OC-3
STM-4/OC-12
STM-16/OC-48/OTU1
STM-64/OC-192/OTU2
STM-256/OC-768
OTU3

High pass 2
65 kHz
250 kHz
1 MHz
4 MHz
16 MHz
16 MHz

Aspect
Output jitter/wander
network interfaces

Mapping/pointer
(combined) jitter/wander
Jitter/wander tolerance

Jiter/wander transfer

c.

f1

f3

High-band

Wide-band

f4

Frequency

Definitions and terminology

Jitter/wander measurement
equipment

Offset variation

Pointer simulation

Jitter/Wander Standards

Output jitter/wander
equipment interfaces

Low-pass
1.3 MHz
5 MHz
20 MHz
80 MHz
320 MHz
320 MHz

c.

Jitter measurement

444.6 106.4

15
15
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.15
0.15
0.15

1.5

11

f0

OC-1

Manufacture

/de

Network

100

Noise-like jitter
2 UIpp

Design verification &

field trials

dB

Tx
Rx

80

RMS
value
0.25
UIrms

Squared
signal

Sinus

60

Jitter measurement

60

Network element
under test

Measuring the Output Jitter of Network Elements and Interfaces

Tx
Rx

155.4

15
15
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.15
0.15
0.15

1.5

18

Test Categories

/de

PDH

622

STM-64
OC-192
OTU2
STM-256
OC-768
OTU3

dB

SSU clock

40

RMS value

20

PRC clock

20

Time

c.

SDH regenerators

OTU1
OTU2
OTU3
ITU-T G.8251
STM-16
STM-64
STM-256
ITU-T G.783
STM-1
ITU-T G.813
STM-4
ETSI EN 300 462-5-1 STM-16
STM-64
ANSI T1.105.03
OC-1
OC-3
OC-12
OC-48
OC-192
Telcordia GR-253
OC-1
OC-3
OC-12
OC-48
OC-192
ITU-T G.738
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
STM-64
STM-256
ITU-T G.811
2048 kbps
ETSI EN 300 462-6-1 1544 kbps
ITU-T G.812
STM-1e
ETSI EN 300 462-4-1 STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
2048 kbps
1544 kbps
ITU-T G.735
2048 kbps
ITU-T G.742
8448 kbps
ITU-T G.751
34368 kbps
139264 kbps
Telcordia GR-499
1544 kbps
6312 kbps
44763 kbps

1.50

/de

SDH
(TM, ADM, DXC etc.)

ITU-T G.8251

0.00

1.00

dB

OTN
(SDH interfaces)

Bit rate

15

0.50

0.50

20

OTN

Standard

1.00
Squared signal

In revised G.824 (02/00): 5 UIpp

Equipment

1.50

34

UIpp

RMS value of sinusoidal jitter

1.50

Amplitude

(1)

ITU-T G.8251

Jitter limits
Wide-band jitter/UIpp
1.5
1.5
6.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
5
3 (1)
5
0.05
0.05
0.5
1.5
5

Jitter amplitude

SDH transport

Bit rate

Minimum jitter tolerance in UIpp

2490

Jitter amplitude

OTN

Standard

Jitter
free
clock

Measured jitter
amplitude in UIpp

Network interface

This means, that the square root is calculated over the mean value of the squared signal.
This procedure is shown for a noise-like jitter signal with some small peaks of +2 UIpp in
the left diagram and the same for sinusoidal jitter test signal in the right diagram.

60

Error detection

Ideal squarewave

Minimum jitter tolerance in UIpp

Jitter simulation

Tx

UIpp

Maximum Tolerable Jitter (MTJ) test on an ADM (transmission interface)

STN-N including E1

Application
OTN
SDH
SONET
PDH 1.5 Mbps hierarchy

ITU-T
G.8251
G.825
G.825

ANSI

T1.105.03
T1.102
T1.403
T1.404

T1.101

T1.105.03

Telcordia

GR-253
GR-499

ETSI

EN 302 084

PDH 2 Mbps hierarchy

Synchronization
OTN
SDH/SONET (TM, ADM, DXC etc.)
SDH/SONET regenerators
PRC clock
SSU clock

G.823
G.823
G.8251
G.813
G.783
G.811
G.812

GR-253

GR-499

EN 302 084
EN 300 462-3-1

EN 300 462-5-1

EN 300 462-6-1
EN 300 462-4-1
EN 300 462-7-1

PDH
SDH/SONET equipment

G.735
G.742
G.751
G.783

T1.105.03

GR-253

EN 300 417-1-1

OTN
SDH/SONET
PDH 1.5 Mbps hierarchy
PDH 2 Mbps hierarchy
OTN
SDH/SONET
PDH 1.5 Mbps hierarchy (MUXDEM)
PDH 2 Mbps hierarchy (MUXDEM)
Synchronization networks
PDH systems
SDH systems

G.8251
G.825
G.824
G.823
G.8251
G.783

G.705
G.810
O.171
O.172

T1.105.03

T1.105.03

GR-253
GR-499

GR-253
GR-499

EN 302 084

EN 302 084

EN 300 462-1-1

Jitter measurement

E1

W
E
S
T

ADM

E
A
S
T

W
E
S
T

Tx

STN-N loop

Rx
Jitter measurement

E1
tributaries

E1

ADM

E1

E
A
S
T

STN-N loop

E1
tributaries

OTN Mapping Jitter

Maximum OTN mapping jitter as per ITU-T G.8251
Bit rate

Max offset OTU-N

Max. jitter p-p for HP1-LP

Max. jitter p-p for HP2-LP

STM-N/OC-N

+20 ppm

1.0 UIpp

0.1 UIpp

Analysis of OTN mapping jitter

OTU-N with mapped
SONET/SDH client

SONET/SDH

OTN
DUT

JITTER/PO/OPT/11-03/AE

Type fL