HCNP-R - S (HCDP) - IESN Implementing Enterprise Switching Network Training PDF

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4Learning Tool: eNSP
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ur is a graphical network simulation tool which is developed by
eNSP (Enterprise Network SimulationoPlatform)
smainly simulates enterprise routers, switches as close to the real hardware as
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Huawei Confidential
Huawei Certification
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HCDP-IESN
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Implementing Enterprise Switching Networks

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Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or

by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies

Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document
the property of their respective holders.
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every
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effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy
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the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations
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document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, expressed
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HCDP-IESN Implementing
Enterprise Switching
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Lab Guide
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HC Series
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
Page 1

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Page 1
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/ address learning
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The traditional Ethernet switch adopts source
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mode when it forwards data. It can automatically
learn the MAC
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address of the host connecting to
port, form forwarding
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tables, and then forward Ethernet
frames according to the table.
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The whole forwarding process
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personnel can not control
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For example, they
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host A. Following
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unnecessary packets, which is a waste of bandwidth resource

and host CPU resource. For example, unnecessary broadcast
packets.
Service expansion capability is bad. The network can not

implement differential service, for example, it can not forward
Ethernet frame used for network management with higher priority.
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VLAN technology divides users into multiple
: within a group, but it is
(groups). The communication is allowed
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prohibited among groups. Layer-2
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multicast packet and layer-2 broadcast
packet can only be
forwarded within a group. It:is easy to add and delete group
s VLAN technology provides a
members by VLAN technology.
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management method
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terminals. In theofigure
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/ header directly.
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4-byte VLAN tag is added to Ethernet frame
: tagging.
Document IEEE802.1Q describes VLAN
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new type defined by IEEE, it indicates that it is a frame with
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VLAN IdentifierVLAN ID12 bits, from 0 to 4095. Combined

with VLAN configuration of port, it can control the forwarding of
Ethernet frame.
Ethernet frame has two formats: the frame without tag is called
untagged frame; the frame with tag is called tagged frame.
This section will only discuss the VLAN ID of VLAN tag.

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All the Ethernet frames exist in switch in/the form of tagged
:untagged frame from peer
frames, maybe a certain port receives
p
tof the local switch must be
device, but the frame from the port
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h is tagged, it will be forwarded;
tagged frame. If the frame received
if it is untagged, tag will be:
added to it. The following methods
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Based-on port: Network
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port of switch, Port
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relation
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frame
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Based-on protocol: Network manger configures the mapping

relation between protocol filed of the Ethernet frame and VLAN
ID, if an untagged frame is received, VLAN ID will be added
according to the mapping relation table.
Based-on subnet: add VLAN ID according to IP address
information in packet.
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If the device can support multiple methods at one time, in

general, the priority order from high to low is : based-on subnet
based-on protocolbased-on MAC addressbased-on port.
Presently, based-on port is the most common method.
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The VLAN distinguishes division based /
on port. This is the most
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concise, and the most widely used partition
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MAC based VLAN: switches according to
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the message should be in to
t terminal equipment to
forwarding. In fact is up to the MAC
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differentiate VLANs.
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Based on IP network segment division VLAN,
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1.1.1.0/24 into VLAN
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into VLAN 30. and then
configure some port belong:to these VLANs. On this port, to the
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[Switch]vlan 3
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VLAN passingIn general, the query content of VLAN passing

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Access ports send packets to other devices
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If the tagged VLAN of Hybrid port is none,
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:2, 324, and up-stream interface
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For example, in a enterprise network, the
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MUX VLAN can be divided into principal VLAN and subordinate
: can also be divided into separate
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s
e
VLAN and group VLAN.
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rsubordinate VLAN can communicate with
Principal VLAN and
u
o VLAN can communicate with each other
each other, group
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e separate VLAN can not communicate with each
through ports,
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eachnother.
i of the Department A can not communicate with each
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arother, and employees of the Department B can communicate
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with each other , but Department A and Department B can not

communicate with each other. All employees can access the
company's server. For this application, you can use the MUX
VLAN to achieve. Employees of the department A add to the
isolated slave VLAN, and staffs of Department B add to the
interoperable slave VLAN ,the server add to the master VLAN.

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The ARP Proxy basic process is as follows:
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Source host send an ARP requestttopthe destination host in
another physical network subnet;tEnable ARP PROXY function
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s
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r
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p
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s
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gA and HOST B is the two users in the DSLAM. Connect
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arVLAN 10 as the DSLAM. As in the DSLAM to configure the
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HOST A and HOST B is the two users in the DSLAM. Two
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VLAN is widely applied to switching networks
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p
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t by using one VLAN to
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t
h interface. However, this wastes
correspond to one Layer-3 logic
IP addresses.
s:
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technology, also known as the superc
VLAN, provides a mechanism
that partitions the broadcast
r
domain by using multiple
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u
different VLANsocan belong to the same subnet. In VLAN
s concepts are involved, namely, super-VLAN
aggregation,etwo
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R
Super-VLAN:
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n
VLAN,
3 interfaces are created and physical ports are
i
not
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The
super-VLAN can be viewed as a logical
n
r
Layer-3 interface. The super-VLAN is a collection of many suba VLANs.
Mo
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As shown, the super-VLAN 10 consists of the sub-VLAN2 subVLAN3. sub-VLAN 2, sub-VLAN3 and the super-VLAN 10
belongs to the same subnet 10.1.1.0/24.
gateway address in the sub-VLANs 2 and sub-VLANs 3 is a host
interface address of the Vlanif 10 in super-VLAN 10. Host in
different the sub-VLANs can not be exchanged. Interoperability
of the Super-VLAN should enable the ARP Proxy on VLAN
interface .
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VLAN mapping occurs when frames are/received by the inbound
:
port and when frames are forwardedpby the outbound port. If
VLAN mapping is configured on t
at
port, when the port sends
frames from the local VLAN toh
the remote VLAN, the port
replaces the local VLAN ID:in the frames with the remote VLAN
s frames from the remote VLAN to the
ID. When the port receives
e
c the remote VLAN ID in the frames
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u ID. In this manner, inter-VLAN
with the local VLAN
o
s can be implemented.
communication
e
As shown R
in figure, VLAN mapping between VLAN 100 and
g
VLAN
10
is
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n
i from VLAN 100, it replaces VLAN tag with VLAN 10.
frames
n
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Figure above is to achieve that between/the different port access
:
PCs cannot communicate with eachpother (PC belongs to the
tthe uplink switches to access
same VLAN), all of the PC through
t
the network, you can configurehthe port GE3/0/1
,GE3/0/2,GE3/0/3 for port :
isolation, and GE5/0/0 and port
s
GE3/0/1, GE3/0/2, GE3/0/3,
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c
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As shown, the need to configure office A/and office B isolated
:
from each other. Office A may have p
multiple VLAN users, office
t users. You can configure
area B may also have multiple VLAN
t
the port isolation to achieve A, h
B isolation. Mux VLAN can be
: the VLAN, isolated from each
configured between users within
s
other, or interoperability.
Isolation is isolation on the physical
cePort
level, and based onrport.
After configuring the port isolation
u they can not communicate.
between two ports,
o
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Q:What types of VLANs can Mux VLAN/be divided into?
: VLAN and
p
A:M
: VLAN can be divided into principal
t VLAN can also be divided
subordinate VLAN ,and subordinate
t
into separate VLAN and grouphVLAN.
Q:What is ARP Proxy ? s:
A:The source host in c
ae
physical network subnet (Subnet) sends
r
an ARP request to the
destination host in another physical
u the gateway which directly connected to the
network subnet,oand
s back a ARP reply with MAC address of its own
source host send
e
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R
called g
proxy ARP.
n
Q:What
i is the function of VLAN mapping?
n
Mapping can be achieved in the mutual conversion
arA:VLAN
between the users VLAN IDs (private VLAN) and the operators
e
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VLAN ID (business VLANs can also be said to be a function of

the mutual conversion between the public VLANs).
Q:What is the function of port-isolate?
A:Port isolation is an access control security control mechanism
between the switch port for control mutual access rights of two
physical ports.
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/Q encapsulation, the
/
QinQ is a tunnel protocol based on 802.1
: tag outside of the
main idea is to encapsulate public VLAN
p
t across the public network
private VLAN tag, the packet willtgo
with two layers of tags, so thathit can provide the users with a
kind of more simple layer-2:VPN tunnel. QinQ protocol is simple
s
and easy to manage, itedoes not need signal and can be
cconfiguration, it is adapt to small-scale
implemented by static
r
uor MAN.
enterprise network
o
sfollowing advantages:
QinQ has the
e
R
Solves the increasingly deficient public network VLAN ID
g
resources.
n
i can plan private network VLAN IDs, avoid collision with
n
Users
arpublic VLAN ID.
e
r
o
Le
Provides a simple layer-2 VPN solution scheme.

Gives the user network a higher independence, the user network
does not need to change the primary configuration when the
service provider upgrades the network.

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/LANB of the enterprise
/
As shown above, assume that LANA and
:
are located in two sites, they accesspto ISP Network though SWA
t 802.1Q networks, if users
and SWB separately. For traditional
t
need to connect VLAN200-300hof LANA and VLAN200-300 of
LAN B together, then all the:connection ports of SWA, SWB,
s be configured to trunk port, and
SWC, SWD and SWE should
e
cto pass. This method makes user VLAN
permit VLAN200-300
r
u network, which will waste VLAN ID
transparent in backbone
o
s resource) and users have no priority to plan
(4094 VLAN ID
e
R the VLAN ID is managed by ISP.
VLANs, because
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/ provides the user
/
To solve the problem above, QinQ protocol
:
with unique public VLAN ID, it will encapsulate
private VLAN tag
p
t
inside of public VLAN ID, privatetVLAN ID is shielded in the
public network and the packet h
is transmitted in the public network
: so as to save VLAN ID resources.
according to public VLAN ID,
s
As shown above, the port
e of SWA is configured as trunk port
c
which permits VLANs200-300
to pass. The port of SWB that is
r
u
connected to SWA
as an access port for VLAN 3, it
obeisaconfigured
s
does not need
to
trunk
port
and permits VLAN 200-300 to
e
R QinQ function on the port. ISP Network only needs
pass. Enable
to assign
VLAN
ID 3 to users, no matter how many VLANs are
g
n
divided
in the enterprise. When the VLAN packets enter ISP
i
n
Network, they will be forced to insert a public VLAN ID and they
arwill go cross the backbone network with the public VLAN ID.
e
r
o
Le
When the packets get to SWD, the public VLAN ID will be peeled
off and become user packets again, then it will be transmitted to
SWE of LANB. So, the packet in backbone network has two
layers of 802.1Q tags: public tag and private tag.
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/has no VLAN Tag; in
/
As shown above, ordinary Ethernet frame
: between source
802.1Q frame, 4B VLAN TAG is inserted
p
tencapsulation, it inserts a 4B
address and Type filed; For QinQ
t
h Tag, the two 4B VLAN Tags
VLAN Tag before 802.1Q VLAN
: Protocol Identifier, 2 byte,
include the same field. TPIDTag
s
fixed value, 0x8100, it is
ea new type defined by IEEE, it indicates
c
that it is a frame with
802.1Q
tag. The default TPID value of out
r
u
tag in HUAWEI o
0x8100, some other manufactures set
sswitchoris0x9200.
the value ase0x9100
but the TPID value of port based
R in HUAWEI switch can be changed.
QinQ packet
g Control Information, 2byte.
TCITag
n
i
Priority3bit,
indicate priority of Ethernet frame. 8 kinds of
n
r
a priority, 07,used to provide differential forwarding service.
e
r
o
Le
CFICanonical Format Indicator, 1bit. Used to indicate bit order

of address information in token ring or source route FDDI media
access, namely, low bit is transmitted before high bit
VLAN IdentifiedVLAN ID,12bit, from 0 to 4095.

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As shown above, the packet forwarding/
flow is as followings:
:to SWA, SWA will add
p
Host A sends standard Ethernet frame
t it from Trunk port. SWB
t
VLAN Tag 200300 to it, and forward
h
receives frame with private VLAN Tag 200300, because the
: SWB does not take care of the
input port is QinQ accesssport,
einsert public VLAN Tag 3 to the frame. In
private VLAN tag, it will
c
r will be transmitted though Trunk VLAN 3
ISP Network, the packet
u
port, private Tagowill not change until it gets to ISP network edge
sThe SWD port connecting SWE is QinQ access
device: SWD.
e
R 3, SWD will peel off public VLAN Tag 3 and forward
port of VLAN
g with private VLAN Tag from the port to SWE.
the packet
n
i SWE receives the frame with VLAN Tag 200-300 and
When
n
arforwards it to correlative out interface, the out interface will peal
e
r
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off VLAN Tag 200-300 and forward the standard Ethernet frame
to host B. From the forwarding flow, we can see that QinQ is very
simple, it does not need signal to establish tunnel and it can be
implemented by static configuration.
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/ QinQ basic
/
Take this network for example to introduce
:
configuration.
p
t
As shown above, SWA in LAN Atand SWB in LAN B both have
h
the private network users of VLAN200 to 300, Ethernet1/0/1 of
:
SWB is connected to SWA,
s
e
Ethernet1/0/2 of SWD
is connected to SWE. Ethernet1/0/1 and
c
r
Ethernet1/0/2 areuQinQ access ports, and belong to VLAN3.
oare switch at user side, upstream Trunk port
s
SWA and SWE
Ethernet0/1
Rewill send the frame with VLAN ID 200-300 to SWB,
the configuration
of SWA upstream Trunk port is as followings:
g
n
[SWA]interface
ethernet 0/1
i
n
ar//enter ethernet 0/1 interface view
e
r
o
Le
[SWA-Ethernet0/1]port link-type trunk

//configure link type as trunk link
[SWA-Ethernet0/1]port trunk permit vlan 200 to 300

//permit frame with VLAN ID 200 to 300 to pass
The configuration of SWE upstream Trunk port is similar to SWA
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/ access port and
Ethernet1/0/1 of SWB is configured as QinQ
/
belongs to VLAN3 Ethernet1/0/2 p
is:
configured as Trunk port,
the configuration is as followings: t
ht
[SWB]vlan 3
:
[SWB-vlan3]quit
s
e
//create VLAN 3 on SWB
c
r 1/0/1
[SWB]interface ethernet
u
o
[SWB-Ethernet1/0/1]port
access vlan 3
s
e
//configureREthernet1/0/1 as Access port and belonging to VLAN3
[SWB-Ethernet1/0/1]stp
disable
g
n
i
[SWB-Ethernet1/0/1]undo
ntdp enable
n
ar//prohibit STP and NTDP protocol. On QinQ access port, GVRP
e
r
o
Le
GMRPIRFSTP or 802.1x protocol must be disabled, or QinQ

can not be enabled.
[SWB-Ethernet1/0/1]vlan-vpn enable
//enable VLAN-VPN feature of port
[SWB-Ethernet1/0/1]quit
[SWB]interface Ethernet 1/0/2

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[SWB-Ethernet1/0/2]port trunk permit vlan 3
//configure Ethernet1/0/2 as Trunk port and permit VLAN 3 to
pass
The configuration of SWD is similar to SWB0
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/can not apperceive
/
SWB can apperceive public VLAN ID, but
: configure Trunk port
user private VLAN ID 200-300. On SWB,
p
t pass transparently. The
and permit frame with VLAN ID 3tto
configuration is as followings: h
:
[SWB]vlan 3
s
e
[SWB-vlan3]quit
c
r
u
[SWC]inter eth 1/0/1
o
s
[SWC-Ethernet1/0/1]port
link-type trunk
e
R
[SWC-Ethernet1/0/1]port trunk permit vlan 3
g
n
[SWC-Ethernet1/0/1]quit
i
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[SWC]interface
ethernet 1/0/2
ar
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[SWC-Ethernet1/0/2]port link-type trunk
[SWC-Ethernet1/0/2]port trunk permit vlan 3

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/ the TPID value is
/
Assume that SWC is made by other company,
:
0x9100, but for HUAWEI switch, thepTPID value in outer Tag of
t we can configure
QinQ packet is 0x8100. In this case,
t
h
Ethernet1/0/2 of SWB and Ethernet1/0/1
of SWD as VLAN-VPN
:
uplink port, the TPID of VLAN-VPN
uplink port can be configured
s
by manager. When the e
VLAN-VPN Uplink port receives packet, it
c
will replace the TPID
value
in outer VLAN Tag with a configured
r
u
value and then forward
SWC can identify the QinQ
o it, issoasthatfollowings:
s
packet. The configuration
Re tpid 9100
[SWB]vlan-vpn
g TPID of VLAN-VPN uplink port on SWB as 0x9100
//configure
n
i
n
[SWB]interface
ethernet 1/0/2
r
a [SWB-Ethernet1/0/2]port link-type trunk
Mo
re
Le
[SWB-Ethernet1/0/2]port trunk permit vlan 3

[SWB-Ethernet1/0/2]vlan-vpn uplink enable
//configure SWBEthernet1/0/2 as VLAN-VPN uplink port
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//
:
p
tt
Qwhat is the function of QinQ?
AQinQ can provides users with a simple layer-2 VPN tunnel, it

encapsulates
:
s
ce
public VLAN Tag outside of the private VLAN Tag.

QWhen forwarding the QinQ packet in the public network, will
the inner tag be checked?
r
u
so
AQinQ packet is transmitted in public network according to the

public Tag, the
e
R
network will not check the private Tag.
g is the default TPID value of QinQ frame outer tag? Can
n
Qwhat
i
itnbe modified?
arA the default value of TPID 0x8100, command qinq protocol
e
r
o
Le
can be used to
change it.

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Implementing Enterprise Switching Networks

Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies

Huawei Certification System

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Routing & Switching

Storage ICT Convergence

ICT Career Certification

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unnecessary packets, which is a waste of bandwidth resource

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