Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
0 BASIC ALGEBRA
1.1 Understand basic Algebra
2x + 5 6x
x = variable
2, 5, 6 = coefficient of x
Algebraic
of fraction
p
q
p = numerator
q = denominator
1.1.1
Simplify
algebraic expression
If both
numerator and denominator
have common factors, the algebraic fraction can be simplified by cancellation
Example : Simplify
1.
8 x3 y4
2 x2 y
2.
=
8x x x x x x x y x y x y x y
2x x x x x y
= 4 xy
EXERCISE 1
Simplify the following fractions
16 xy 2 z
a.
2 xz 3
m29 n2
3 mn9 n2
( m3 n ) (m+3 n)
3 n(m3 n)
m+3 n
3n
b.
5 st10 s
2
10 t 20 t
2
c.
x 2 x +1
x 1
d.
4 a 2+2 a
2 a+1
e.
pq 3 p3 q5
2
2 2
pq p q
f.
x 23 x4
2
x 1
g.
x y
y x
x
a+2 2
.
2y
2(2)
1(a+2)
t 1(2 y 2 ) t ( x)
+
x (2 y 2 ) 2 y 2 (x )
= 2( a+2) 2(a+2)
2 y 2 t2 y 2 +tx
2 y2 x
4a2
2a+ 4
2a
= 2 a+ 4
2a
2( a+2)
EXERCISE 2
Solve the equivalent fractions below
x
y
z
a. 2 + 5 + 4
b.
1
R1
c.
1
x
d.
5a
2b
e.
2 a+1
5m
f.
m+ 2
g.
5 b+ 1
2ab 2
+ R2 R3
3
2y
4
5 y2
- 10 b - 2
3 a+ 4
15 m
- m2
a1
3 a2b
ab a+ b
.
3x
10 xy
axb
= (ab)(a+ b)
=
ab
2
a b
2
4 abc 10 xy
x
3x
6 ab2
40 abcxy
2
18 xab
20 cy
9b
EXERCISE 3
Simplify each of the following as a single fraction.
2
4
a. 3 m x 3 m
( xy+ x2+xy + y )
b.
x+ y
c.
x 21
x2
x
x
x 1
d.
x 2 +2 x15 x 2+ 6 x+ 9
x 2
2
x 9
x + 3 x 10
e.
3 7
2a b
f.
2 x 2
x
x+ 1
6 x+6
g.
m+ 7 6 m211 m+5
x
3 m+ 4
m2+6 m7
6 m15
2 m2
1.2.1
The roots of
can be solved
a.
b. Formula
c. Completing the square
Solve quadratic equations by using factorization
Start with the equation in the form ax + bx+ c=0 . Make sure it is set equal to
zero.
2 x +13 x+15=0
(2 x
+ 3) ( x
5) = 0
2 x
x
x
+3=0 ,
+5=0
=
3
2
x=5
EXERCISE 4
Find the value of
1.2.2
a.
x 225=0
b.
x 2x6=0
c.
x 23 x18=0
d.
6 x 20=2 x
e.
2 x 2 +5 x10=3 x 2
f.
3 x2 27=0
g.
6 x 5 x6=0
b b24 ac
2a
x can be obtained by
Example
2
9 x +21 x18=0
a = 9 , b = 21 and c =-18
Replace a, b and c into formula
x=
21 2124 (9)(18)
2( 9)
x=
21 441+648
18
x=
21 33
18
x=
21+33
18
x=
2133
18
EXERCISE 5
Find the value of
1.2.3
a.
2 x 17 x +35=0
b.
4 x 25 x +1=0
c.
5 x +2=7 x
d.
3 x2 +3 x=1
e.
f.
x =4 x + 4
g.
4 x 2 +8 x +3=0
()
iii . ax+
b
2
()
b
c+ ( )
2
iv . ax+
b
2
c+
b
2
()
Example
1.
x 26 x+ 7=0
x 26 x=7
x 26 x+
( )
( )
6
6
=7+
2
2
x 26 x+(32)=7 +(32 )
x 26 x+ 9=7+ 9
3
x
=2
x3
x=3+ 2
x=3 2 x=4.414
x=1.586
EXERCISE 6
Find the value of
a.
x 6 x16=0
b.
x 24 x 5=0
c.
4 x +5+9 x=0
d.
4 x 29=0
e.
2 x 211 x=5
f.
3 x =5+2 x
g.
2 x 27 x +2=0
Answer
EXERCISE 1
a.
8 y2
z2
b.
s
2t
c. x-1
d. 2a
q p 2 q 3
e.
1 p
f.
x4
x1
g. -1
EXERCISE 2
10 x +4 y+ 5 z
20
a.
b.
R 2 R 3+2 R 1 R 3R 1 R 2
R1 R2R3
c.
10 y +15 xy +8 x
2
10 xy
d.
24 a5 b
10 b
e.
3 a1
15 m
f.
m210
m2
EXERCISE 3
EXERCISE 4
EXERCISE 5
g.
13 ab +3 a+2 b
6 a2 b2
a.
8
2
9m
b.
2x
y +1
c.
x 2+ x
d.
x +3
x2
e.
3b
14 a
f.
2 x 3+ 12 x 212 x12
2
x +x
g.
(6 m5)( 2m2)
(3 m+ 4)(6 m15)
a.
x=55
b.
x=23
c.
x=36
d.
x=
e.
x=21
f.
x=36
g.
x=
a.
x=53.5
b.
x=1
c.
x=
d.
x=0.261.26
e.
x=1.241.62
f.
x=4.830.83
g.
x=0.5
5
3
or 2
2
3
or
3
2
1
4
2
5 or 1
or -1.5
EXERCISE 6
a.
= 8 or
b.
= 5 or
c.
= -1 or
d.
x=
3
2
e.
= 5 or
x=
1
2
f.
= -1 or
x=
5
3
g.
x = 3.19 or
or
= -2
= -1
10
x=
8
x=
3
2
x=0.31