CLINICAL CORRELATIONS

IN
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
LEMAR REVIEW HUB
PREPARED BY: MAXIMO, RMT
mohamaximomad@yahoo.com

URINARY SYSTEM:

KIDNEYS:

NEPHRONS: BASIC UNIT OF THE KIDNEYS

DISEASES: (GLOMERULUS)
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ACUTE STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE (CRESCENTIC) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

GOOD PASTURE SYNDROME

WEGENER GRANUlOMATOSUS

HENOCH SCHOLEIN PURPURA

MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

MEMBRANO PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

CHRONIC NEPHRITIS

IGA NEPHROPATHY

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

DISEASES: (TUBULAR)
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ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

FANCONI SYNDROME

RENAL GLUCOSURIA

ALPORT SYNDROME

INTERSTITIAL DISORDER
URINARY TRACT INFECTION
CYSTITIS
ACUTE / CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

RENAL FAILURE
RENAL LITHIASIS

URINE: ULTRAFILTRATE OF PLASMA

SP. GRAVITY OF 1.010

URINE AND ITS COMPOSITION

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URINE VOLUME
NORMAL:__________
OLIGURIA: STATE OF DEHYDRATION(VOMITING, SEVERE BURNS, PERSPIRATION)
ANURIA: SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS OF DECREASE BLOOD FLOW
POLYURIA: DIABETES (INSIPIDUS,MELLITUS), DIURETICS OF CAFFEINE
NOCTURIA: INCREASED NOCTURNAL EXCRETION
NOTE: UNPRESERVED URINE INCREASES:_____________

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

CAST AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

NORMAL

ABNORMAL

METABOLIC DISORDERS
(It will be discuss in cm rationalization)

CSF = CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

TUBE 1
TUBE 2
TUBE 3
TUBE 4

=
=
=
=

THE SPECIMEN CAN BE MAINTAINED IN THE

FOLLOWING MANNER
TUBE 1
TUBE 2
TUBE 3
TUBE 4

=
=
=
=

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE VS TRAUMATIC

TAP
INTRACRANIAL
GROSS APPEARANCE
DISTRIBUTION OF RBC
CLOT FORMATION

TRAUMATIC

SEMEN

MUST KNOWS FACTS:

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1.) failure to liquify within 60 mins may suggest:________________

2.) ____ caused abnormalities in seminal vesicles, bilateral congenital absence of the vas
deferens, obstruction of ejacultaory duct and androgen deficiency.

3.) Increase ph :__________

4.) Decrease ph:__________

5.) ________ may cause the sperm head to bend back and interfere with motility

6.) __________ are frequently doubles, coiled and bent

7.) Greater than 1 milllion WBC per milliliter per ejaculate:________

8.) Presence of a large proportion of vital but immobile cells may indicate:___

9.) High number of immotile and nonviable cells may indicate:______

10.) Normal Sperm Volume:__________

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Increase volume suggest:__________

Decrease volume suggest:__________

SYNOVIAL FLUID

GOUT VS. PSEUDOGOUT

SEROUS FLUID (3 PS)

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EXUDATES VS. TRANSUDATES

AMNIOTIC FLUID
(OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS VS. POLYHYDRAMNIOS)

REFERENCES:
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https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/bio-312-study-guide-2014-15maher-/deck/14318618

http://www.medicinenet.com/urinary_incontinence/article.htm

Pictures are comes from strasinger

PICTURES FROM THE INTERNET

http://thegiftofrachelslife.blogspot.com/2012/07/the-truth-aboutanencepahly.html

http://mynotes4usmle.tumblr.com/post/71903841446/usmlenotebook-spinabifida-is-a-condition-in