Different

Power Plants
of the World

ME 5104 | Power Plant Design | TTh

10:00-12:00

Submitted by:
Alistair Ray Miado | BSME-5 |
Submitted to:
Engr. Hernani Samson

I.

SOLID BIOMASS POWER PLANTS

Biomass is biological material obtained from living or recently living plant matter
that can be processed into electricity, fuel and heat. Biomass has been used for
thousands of years and there are many forms available. Biomass is a form of stored
solar energy. It is organic, plant-based material which absorbs carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere throughout its lifetime. When biomass is burnt carbon is released
into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. If biomass is managed on a sustainable
basis it is harvested as part of a constantly replenished crop. This maintains a
closed carbon cycle with no net increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

Biggest Biomass Power Plants in the World

IRON BRIDGE
POWER STATION

Alholmens
Kraft Power
Station

Long Drax, North

Yorkshire, England

Buildwas,
Shropshire, England

Alholmen,
Jakobstad,
Ostrobothnia
region, Finland

September 2012

1932

2001

1320 MW

600 MW

265 MW

Wood Pellet

Wood Pellet

Forest Residue

Secondary Fuel

Primary Fuel

Primary Fuel

DRAX POWER
STATION

Location
Date
Commisione
d
Design
Capacity
Biomass
Purpose of
Biomass

II.

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Worldwide, hydropower plants produce about 24 percent of the world's

electricity and supply more than 1 billion people with power. There are more than
2,000 hydropower plants operating in the United States, making hydropower the
country's largest renewable energy source.
Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A
turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a
generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

Biggest Hydroelectric Power Plants in the World

THREE GORGES
DAM

ITAIPU DAM

XILUODU DAM

Location

Yangtze River,
Sandouping, Yiling
District, Yichang,
Hubei province,
China.

Paran River located

on the border
between Brazil and
Paraguay

Xiluodu ,Yongshan
County, Yunnan
Province, China to
Leibo County
,Sichuan Province,
China

Date of
Construction

December 14, 1994

January 1975

December 2005

Date
Commisione
d

III.

2003

May 5 ,1984

July 2013

Type of Dam

Gravity dam

Combination
gravity, buttress
and embankment
sections

Double-curvature
arch, concrete

Nameplate
Capacity

22.5 GW

14 GW

13.86 GW

Hydraulic
Head

80.6m

118m

72m

Average
Generation

87 TWh/yr

89.5 TWh/yr

55.2 TWh/yr

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

Biogas is a gas that is formed by anaerobic microorganisms. These microbes

feed off carbohydrates and fats, producing methane and carbon dioxides as
metabolic waste products. This gas can be harnessed by man as a source of
sustainable energy. Biogas is considered to be a renewable fuel as it originates from
organic material that has been created from atmospheric carbon by plants grown
within recent growing seasons.

Biggest Hydroelectric Power Plants in the World

IV.

DATZETAL II

DEINSTEDT I

DARMSTADT

Location

Mecklenburgische
Seenplatte,
MecklenburgVorpommern,
Germany

Deinstedt, Germany

Darmstadt, Hesse,
Germany

Date of
Commission

2011

2001

2007

Electric
Installed
Capacity

920 KW

900 KW

600 KW

Feedstock

cattle slurry,
renewable raw
material

renewable raw
material

pig slurry,
renewable raw
material

WAVE POWER PLANT

Wave power is a relatively unknown solution as a clean energy source, yet it is

uninterrupted and continuous source of energy. One major problem with most wave

technology is that waves have too much energy. Wave energy is generally
considered to be the most concentrated and least variable form of renewable
energy. It is the high power density of wave energy that suggests it has the capacity
to become the lowest cost renewable energy source.
Wave energy is a renewable, zero emission source of power. As water is about
800 times denser than air, the energy density of waves exceeds that of wind many
times over, dramatically increasing the amount of energy available. Waves are
predictable days in advance, making it easy to match supply and demand.

Biggest Wave Power Plants in the World

MUTRIKU

AGUCADOURA
WAVE FARM

ISLAY LIMPET

Location

5 km (3 mi) offshore
near Pvoa de
Varzim north of
Porto, Portugal

Claddach Farm
,Rhinns of Islay,
island of Islay,
Scotland

bay of Mutriku, Bay

of Biscay, Spain

Date of
Commission

2008

2000

2009

Electric
Installed
Capacity

2.25 MW

0.5 MW

0.3 MW

Type of
Wave Farm

Surface-following
attenuator

Oscillating Water
Column

breakwater wave
power plant

BREAKWATER
WAVE PLANT

Other non-conventional energy source in

the world
I

ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

A naturally occurring geothermal system, known as a hydrothermal system, is

defined by three key elements: heat, fluid, and permeability at depth. An Enhanced
Geothermal System (EGS) is a man-made reservoir, created where there is hot rock
but insufficient or little natural permeability or fluid saturation. In an EGS, fluid is
injected into the subsurface under carefully controlled conditions, which cause preexisting fractures to re-open, creating permeability. Increased permeability allows
fluid to circulate throughout the now-fractured rock and to transport heat to the
surface where electricity can be generated.

II

CELLULOSIC

ETHANOL
Cellulosic ethanol is chemically identical to first
generation bioethanol (i.e. CH3CH2OH). However, it is
produced from different raw materials via a more
complex process (cellulose hydrolysis). In contrast to
first generation bioethanol, which is derived from sugar
or starch produced by food crops (e.g. wheat, corn,
sugar beet, sugar cane, etc), cellulosic ethanol may be
produced from agricultural residues (e.g. straw, corn
stover), other lignocellulosic raw materials (e.g. wood
chips) or energy crops (miscanthus, switchgrass, etc).
These lignocellulosic raw materials are more
abundant and generally considered to be more
sustainable, however they need to be broken down
(hydrolysed) into simple sugars prior to distillation. This
may be achieved using either acid or enzyme hydrolysis.

Sources:
http://www.reenergyholdings.com/renewable-energy/what-is-biomass/
http://global.mongabay.com/news/bioenergy/
http://www.thinkglobalgreen.org/WAVEPOWER.html
http://www.c2es.org/technology/factsheet/EGS
http://www.c2es.org/technology/factsheet/CellulosicEthanol
http://poet.com/cellulosic