Insightstateoftheartof

biomass gasification inChina

LiChen
S3D Waste&SustainableDevelopmentSolutions,Nantes,France
www.sol3d.com

S3D
|

Activities:Consulting,R&D,industrialisation

Wastes:
Animalbyproducts(fat)
y Biodegradablewastes
y Lignocellulosicwastes
y

Processes
Valorfat CHPpatentedsystem(50KWe 2MWe)
y Biomethanation
y Gasification
y Pressureswingadsorption forCO2 separationandstorage
y

5th International Conference on Application of Biomass Gasification 11/02/2011

Stateoftheartofbiomass gasification inChina

|

Context
EnergystructureinChina
y BiomassresourcesinChina
y UpdateofChineserenewablepolicy
y

Manufacturersandcasestudies
Fuelgasstations
y Powerplants
y

|
|

Environmentalimpacts
Prospects

5th International Conference on Application of Biomass Gasification 11/02/2011

Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Energystructureevolution
Economicdevelopment
1979:GDP=400billionsofCNY
2009:GDP=34000billionsofCNY(=4000billionsofEUR)
|

Primaryenergyproductionandconsumption
1980
MTOE

2005

Production Consumption Production Consumption

Totalprimaryenergy

457

436

1623

1720

Oil

113

94

202

357

Drynaturalgas

15

15

46

44

Primarycoal

312

310

1270

1218

In2005,Chinaimported97MillionTOEofprimaryenergy.

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Energymix
Nuclear1%
OtherRenewables
0.06%

Hydroelectricpower
6%

Oil20%

Coal70%

Naturalgas3%

Source:EIAinternationalenergyannual2006

TotalEnergyconsumptioninChina(bytype)

2006Shareofnonfossilenergy=7%

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Biomassresources
Mainfeedstocksforgasification:
Agriculturalresidues, forestryresidues
|

Agriculturalresidues:
Rice+wheat+cornresiduesrepresent 80%oftotalavailableamount
y

Energypotential=totalamount collectionloss papermakingindustry forage

Valueestimatedfor2010 =781 117 21 271
= 373Mt
=127MTOE
y

Forestryresidues:

Energypotential=firewood+Loggingandtimberprocessing
Valueestimatedfor2007 =48+77
= 125Mt
=48MTOE
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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Biomassresources
|

GeographicaldistributionofagricultureandforestryinChina

Agriculturaldistribution,China,1986

Forestrydistribution,China,2006

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Updateofenergypolicy
Reductionoftheenergyintensity(EI)ofGDPby20%between
2006and2010.
| Increaseoftheshareofnonfossilenergyto15%inenergymix
by2020(comparedto2006=7%).
| Publicationof ChinaRenewableEnergyLaw in2006.
|

In2005,electricitybonusforbiomassgasificationpowerplant=3cEUR/KWe.
(fossilorhydroelectricityprice=2 6cEUR/KWe)
FromJuly,2010,electricitygridpriceof biomassgasificationpowerplant>8cEUR/KWe

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

MaincharacteristicsofgasificationplantsinChina
Oxidationagent:Air
| Maingasifiertype(totalmanufacturers>100)
|

Downdraftfixedbedgasifier
y Circulatingfluidizedbedgasifier
y

Usualgastreatmentfacilities
Cyclones
y Scrubbers
y

Gasificationplants
Fuelgasstations (upto2007,numberofstations~600)
y Powerplants(upto2008,~40installations&60MWe)
y

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Fuelgasstations
|

Onevillage(100~500households)=onefuelgasstation

(1householdneeds5Nm3cookinggas/day)
|

Distributionzonediameter<1Km

Gasifiertype:downdraftfixedbed

Feedstocks:agriculturalresidues

Feedstockconsumption:1kgfor2Nm3 fuelgas
Mainmanufacturers

No.ofStations
(upto2007)

JiNan BaiChuanTongChuang Co.Ltd.(http://www.sdbctc.cn/)

~210

HeFei TianYan Co.Ltd.(http://www.tianyancn.com/)

~170

ShenYang BeiLong Co.Ltd.(http://www.sinobaron.com/)

~80

LiaoningInstituteofenergyresource(http://www.lnsnys.com/)

~15

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Fuelgasstations
Standardpublishedin2001:NY/T4432001
Technicalspecificationandacceptanceofstandardforstraw
gasificationsystemofcentralgassupply

y
y
y

Gasificationefficiency>70%
Fuelgasheatingvalue>4600kJ/Nm3
Before entering gas storage tank,
|
|
|

T<35C
CO%v <20%;O2%v<1%;tar%<50mg/Nm3;particles<50mg/Nm3;H2S%<20mg/Nm3
Noise<80db

Gas storage tankdesign(Volume=0.4~0.6totalgas daily production)

y Pipelinedesign(HighDensity Polyethylene +steel)
y Endusers gas burner efficiency >55%
......
y

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

BaiChuanTongChuang fuelgasstation
|

Traditionalsystem

1.Feeder2.Gasifier3.Waterscrubber4.Filter 5.Separator 6.Venturiscrubber7.Blower

8.Tarcollectiontank9.Watersealing tank10.Gastank11.Flamearrester
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12.Pipenet
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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

BaiChuanTongChuang fuelgasstation
|

Newsystem(inventedin2008)

Solvent:Woodvinegar
(Pyroligneous acid)

1.Feeder2.Gasifier3.Condenser4.Vacuumpump 5.Absorber6.Separator
7.Absorber 8.Sealing tank9.Gas tank10.Flame arrester 11.Pipenet
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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

BaiChuanTongChuang fuelgasstation
|

Specifications

Gas productioncapacity

400 900Nm3.h1

Gas heating value

>5000kJ.Nm3

Gasification efficiency

>78%

Tarconcentration

<10mg.Nm3

H2Sconcentration

<10mg.Nm3

Gas composition

Vol%

H2

912

CO

1823

CH4

12

CO2

11 14

N2

rest

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

BaiChuanTongChuang fuelgasstation

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

LiaoningInstituteofEnergyResource

1.Feeder2.Gasifier3.Cyclone4.Scrubber5.Waterseperator
6.Filter 7.Blower 8.Watersealing tank9.Enduser10Gas tank

Gas productioncapacity

200 1000Nm3.h1

Gas heating value

4200 5500kJ.Nm3

Gasification efficiency

6872%

Tarconcentration

<20mg.Nm3

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

LiaoningInstituteofEnergyResource

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Fuelgasstation
Maintechnicalparameters(obtainedbasedonasynthesisof
10downdraftfixedbedgasifiersystems)

Totalenergyefficiency=20%~35%
y Feedstockssizebeforeenteringingasifier:5~30mm
y Tarconcentrationattheoutletofgasifier:25~100mg/Nm3
y Tareliminationmethods:
{ 50%wettreatment(waterscrubbers)
{ 10%drytreatment(packedbedfilter)
{ 10%combinationofwetanddrytreatments
{ 10%catalytictreatment
y Tarconcentrationbeforeendusersgasburner:<15mg/Nm3
y Tarrecoverysituation?
{ Natural stacking
{ Directlandfillwithoutsafedisposal
y

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Fuelgasstation
|

Economicanalysis(foravillageof100households)
y Investmentperhousehold=220EUR
y Fuelgascost=2cEUR/Nm3 =0.3cEUR/MJ,LPG=1cEUR/MJ)

Governmentobjectiveoftotalfuelgasstationin2010=5000,
butinreality,<1000,obstacles?
y Shortlife(40%ofstationshavealife<10years)
y Realcapacity<50%ofdesignedcapacity(fuelsupply,gas
storagetanksizing,etc.)
y Gasquality(tarconcentration)&Wastewatertreatments
y Carbonrichashdischarging
y Workersnotqualified

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Gasificationpowerplants
|

Maingasifiertype:

downdraftfixedbed(generally<400KWe);fluidisedbed(400 6000KWe)
|

Feedstocks:agriculturalresidues,forestryresidues

Mainmanufacturers
Manufacturers

Capacity
(KWe)

Totalinstalledcapacity

GuangzhouInstituteofEnergyConversion
(http://www.giec.ac.cn/ )

200 6000

21.3

HeFei TianYan Co.Ltd.

100 1000

6.8

ChongQing FengYu Coop.

(http://www.fengyugroup.com )

200 1200

7.6

WuXi HuGuang industryfurnaceco.Ltd

(http://www.wxhuguang.com/ )

400 2000

upto2005(MWe)

(http://www.tianyancn.com/)
(0.8inChina,3inKenya)

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GIEC 5.5MWebiomassgasificationplant
Feedstocks:ricehusk(75%)+sawdust(20%)+straw(5%)
| Gasifiertype:circulatingfluidisedbed
| Maingastreatment:waterwashing
| Powerproductionsystem
y 10Gasengines(400KWeeach)
y 1steamturbine(1500KWe)
|

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GIEC 5.5MWebiomassgasificationplant

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GIEC 5.5MWebiomassgasificationpowerplant
Thisplantwasworkingfrom09/2005to06/2007
| Economicanalysis
y Investment=770EUR/KWe
y Feedstockcost=33EUR/TToohigh (estimated<20EUR/T)
y Electricityproductioncost=6cEUR/KWe
y Electricitygridprice=5cEUR/KWe
feedstockcostrepresents65%oftotalelectricityproductioncost

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GIEC 1MWegasificationpowerplant(timberfactory)

1.CFBGasifier2&3.Cyclones4.Venturi scrubber
5&6.Waterscrubbers7.Gastank8.Watersealing
Powerproduction:6GasICengines(200KWe each)
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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GIEC 1MWegasificationpowerplant
(SanYa timberfactory)

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GIEC 1MWegasificationpowerplant
|

Factorybackground
y Timberprocessingwaste:100T/day
35Twoodpowder+10Tleftovermaterial+10Tsievingwaste+45T allkindsofbark

y Requiredpower:5MWe
|

Specifications
y Feedrateforgasifier:1.5T/h(~30T/day)
Producergas composition

Vol%

H2

CO

20

CH4

CO2

N2

rest

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GIEC 1MWegasificationpowerplant(timberfactory)
Designedrunninghours=24h/d*300days/y
| Realcapacity=70%ofdesignedcapacity
| Workernumber:30(salary/p/y =1000~2000EUR)
|

Economicalanalysis
y Investment=550EUR/KWe
y Maintenancecost=30kEUR/y (15kEUR forgenerators)
y Feedstockcost=6EUR/T
y Electricityprice=6cEUR/KWe
y Grossprofit=250kEUR/y

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

SpecificationsforGIECCFBgasifierpowersystem
|

Technicalparameters
y Fueltypes:sawdust,ricehusk,cropstraw
y Systemefficiency:16~21%
y Feedstockconsumption:
Woodwastes:1.2~1.8kg/kWhelectricity
{ Ricehusk:1.8~2.5kg/kWhelectricity
{

y Designedoperationtime:6500~7000hours/year
y Wastewatertreatment:

Wastewater
COD(mg/m3 )

3000

Ricehuskash

Air

Filtration

Aeration

1500~
2000

Aerobic
bacteria

1000~

Precipitation

1500

5th International Conference on Application of Biomass Gasification 11/02/2011

Biological
1000~ treatment 150~
1500

200
28

Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

HeFei TianYan Fixedbedgasifierpowerplant

100 400KWe

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impact

Prospects

HeFei TianYan Fixedbedgasifierpowerplant

100KWe,Italy

200KWe,Japan

400KWe,China

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Othergasifiermanufacturers(export)
|

ChongQing FengYu Coop.(http://www.fengyugroup.com )

y Fluidisedbedgasifierpowerplant

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Othergasifiermanufacturers(export)
|

ChongQing FengYu Coop.

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Othergasifiermanufacturers(export)
|

WuXi HuGuang industryfurnaceco.ltd (http://www.wxhuguang.com/ )

y Fluidisedbedgasifierpowerplant

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Othergasifiermanufacturers(export)
|

WuXi HuGuang industryfurnaceco.ltd

1MWe,China
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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GaoYou 5MWegasificationplantHeat,Electricity,Gas
VerylimitedavailableInformation
Feedstock:strawbriquette
| Updraftfixedbedgasifier+gasturbine
| Gastreatment:waterscrubbers+electrostatictarprecipitators
| Gasheatingvalue:7000MJ/m3
| Plantefficiency:25%
|

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

GaoYou strawgasificationplant:GasHeatElectricity

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Environmentalimpact
No(oralmostno)netCO2 emission
| Lackofemissionandpollutantcontrols
y Gasemissioncontrol?(NOx,SO2,dioxin,etc...)
Nolawforexhaustgasfrombiomassgasificationpowerplant
(onlyexistinglawconcernsgasemissionofMSWincineration
publishedin2002).
y Solidresidues(carbonrichash)dischargingorvalorisation?
y Wastewatertreatment
y Tar(recoveredfromwastewatertreatment)dischargingor
valorisation?
|

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Context

Manufacturers and case studies

Environmental impacts

Prospects

Prospects
|

Policy
Investmentsubvention
y Biomassresourcemanagementandcollecting(fuelsupplyhandbook)
y Gridpricewarrantyandpurchaseobligation
y

Technicalaspects
Monitoringprogramsontheperformanceofbiomassgasifierplants
y Newtechnologiesdevelopment&importation
y Automation
y

Environmentalaspects
Standards,certificationsystem
y Controlofpollutionemissions(gas,liquid,solid)
y

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AspecialthankstoMr.Harrie Knoef ofBTGNetherlandforhisreviewand

constructivesuggestions.

Ifyou haveany questions,please contact:

chen@sol3d.com
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Appendix1
GB184852001StandardforpollutioncontrolontheMSWincineration
Unit

Specification

Limit

Smoke

mg/Nm3

Averagevalue

80

Smokeintensity

Lingeman blackness

Maxvalue

CO

mg/Nm3

Averagevalueperhour

150

NOx

mg/Nm3

Averagevalueperhour

400

SO2

mg/Nm3

Averagevalueperhour

260

HCl

mg/Nm3

Averagevalueperhour

75

Hg

mg/Nm3

Averagevalue

0.2

Cd

mg/Nm3

Averagevalue

0.1

Zn

mg/Nm3

Averagevalue

1.6

Dioxin

ng TEQ/Nm3

Averagevalue

1.0

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Appendix2
|

PilotplantsforDMEproductionviagasification

(GuangzhouInstituteofEnergyConversion+LiaoningInstituteofenergyresource )

100T/y,ShanDong,China,2007

1000T/y,GuangZhou,China,2009

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