KLSs VISHWANATHRAO DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HALIYAL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Course Plan
Semester: V

Year: 2016-17

Course Title
Total Teaching Hours
Internal Assessment Marks
Course Plan prepared by

Microwaves and Radar

52
40
Prof SUMA S H
Prof K.M. WADERHATTI

Course Code
Teaching hours/week
Semester Examination Marks
Date :09.06.2016

Checked by

Prof vinaychitare

Date :15.06.2016

Faculty of department of who can

deal this subject

Prof. KALAMESH W.

10EC54
04
100

Prof. PLASIN F. DIAS

Course Content
PART-A
UNIT I
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES: Introduction, transmission lines equations and
solutions, reflection and transmission coefficients, standing waves and SWR, line impedance
and line admittance. Smith chart, impedance matching using single stubs, Microwave coaxial
connectors.

7 Hours

UNIT II
MICROWAVE WAVEGUIDES AND COMPONENTS: Introduction, rectangular
waveguides, circular waveguides, microwave cavities, microwave hybrid circuits, directional
couplers, circulators and isolators.

6 Hours

UNIT III :
Microwave diodes, Transfer electron devices: Introduction, GUNN effect diodes GaAs
diode, RWH theory, Modes of operation, Avalanche transit time devices: READ diode,
IMPATT diode, BARITT diode, Parametric amplifiers Other diodes: PIN diodes, Schottky
barrier diodes.

7 Hours

UNIT IV :
Microwave network theory and passive devices. Symmetrical Z and Y parameters, for
reciprocal Networks, S matrix representation of multi port networks.
PART-B
UNIT V: Microwave passive devices, Coaxial connectors and adapters, Phase shifters,
Attenuators, Waveguide Tees, Magic tees.
UNIT - 6 STRIP LINES: Introduction, Micro strip lines, Parallel strip lines, Coplanar
strip lines, Shielded strip Lines.

6 Hours

6 Hours

6 Hours

UNIT - 7
7 Hours

Page 1 of 25

AN INTRODUCTION TO RADAR: Basic Radar, The simple form of the Radar

equation, Radar block diagram, Radar frequencies, application of Radar, the origins of
Radar.
UNIT 8
MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR: Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar, delay
line Cancellers, digital MTI processing, Moving target detector, pulse Doppler Radar.

7 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and circuits- Liao / Pearson Education.
2. Introduction to Radar systems-Merrill I Skolnik, 3rd Ed, TMH, 2001.
3. Microwave Engineering Annapurna Das, Sisir K Das TMH Publication, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Microwave Engineering David M Pozar, John Wiley India Pvt Ltd., 3 rd edition, 2008.
Question Paper Pattern: Student should answer FIVE full questions out of 8 questions to be set each
carrying 20 marks, selecting at least TWO questions from each part.

Evaluation:
1. Student Assessment: Through three internal assessment tests.
Scheme of Examination:
One Question to be set from each unit. Students have to answer any FIVE full questions out
of EIGHT questions, choosing at least 2 questions from part A and 2 questions from part B.

Evaluation Scheme:
Assessment
Internal Assessment tests
VTU Semester examination
Total

Marks
25
100
125

Syllabus for the internal Assessment Tests (Tentative):

DIV A
Internal Assessment Test-I
Unit-1 , Unit-2, Unit-3
Internal Assessment Test-II
Unit-4, Unit-5, Unit-6
Internal Assessment Test-III
Unit-7, Unit-8
Test pattern: Three questions will be given and students have to answer any
question carries 20 marks.

DIV B

Unit -7, Unit-8,Unit-1

Unit -4, Unit-5,Unit-6
Unit -2, Unit-3
two full questions. Each

Prerequisites:

Page 2 of 25

This subject requires the student to know about basics of microwave communication, field
theory, antenna radiation pattern and Radar systems. It also needs to have a prior knowledge of
simple analysis of two port and multiport network for different transmission parameters.

Course Description:
Over view of the course
The contents of the course Microwaves and radar is designed by the members of the
Boards of Studies (BoS) constituted by Visveswaraya Technological University (VTU) Belgaum.
Basically, Microwaves and radar course deals with:
Microwave diodes and transmission lines.
Microwave waveguides and tees
Microwave hybrid circuits.
Microwave network theory.
Study of Strip lines.
Radar systems
MTI and pulse Doppler radar
Relevance of the course:
The main purpose of studying this subject is to have knowledge of long distance
communication, various microwave devices and circuits. Applications of microwave diodes. Air
surveillance system, marine navigation, defense and military applications. Study of basic radar
system, its types and applications.
Application Areas:
Target detection and ranging.
Communication systems
Defense and military applications.
Air surveillance radar systems.
Sports and weather forecast
Vehicle speed detection by police department
Moving target identification
This subject would be helpful in finding the wavelength, attenuation, cutoff frequencies of
waveguides, transmission lines and strip lines, To analyze microwave network theory parameters.
To study construction details of microwave diodes. Application areas of radar systems. To find
range of target.

Page 3 of 25

Program Outcomes (POs):

POs describe what students are expected to know or be able to do by the time of graduation from
the program. The Program Outcomes of B.E. in Electronics and communication Engineering are:
1. An ability to apply knowledge of computing, mathematics, science and engineering
fundamentals appropriate to the discipline.
2. An ability to analyze a problem, identify and formulate the computing requirements
appropriate to its solution.
3. An ability to design, implement and evaluate an electronics-based system, process,
component, or program to meet desired needs with appropriate consideration for public
health and safety, cultural, societal and environmental considerations.
4. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
5. An ability to use current techniques, skills and modern tools necessary for computing
practice.
6. An ability to analyze the local and global impact of computing on individuals, organizations
and society.
7. Knowledge of contemporary issues.
8. An understanding of professional, ethical, legal, security and social issues and
responsibilities.
9. An ability to function effectively individually and on teams, including diverse and
multidisciplinary, to accomplish a common goal.
10. An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audiences.
11. Recognition of the need for and an ability to engage in continuing professional
development.
12. An understanding of engineering and management principles and apply these to ones own
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects.

Course Learning Objectives (CLOs):

1. To understand the transmission line theory and calculate transmission parameter like
impendence, reflection coefficient , study of smith chart & application stub matching
2. To study the concept of waveguide, components and to calculate Z & Y parameter, S matrix
representation of multiport network.
3. To understand microwave solid state devices for microwave oscillation and amplification.
4. To study microwave passive components, attenuators, phase shifters, strip lines
5. To study microwave application in the field of radar

Page 4 of 25

Course Learning Objectives (CLOs) to Program Outcomes (POs) mapping table:

Course

10EC54

Course
learning
objectiv
es (On
successf
ul
completi
on of the
course
the
students
will be
able to)
1

PO
1

PO
2

PO
3

PO
4

PO
5

PO
6

PO
7

PO
8

PO
9

PO
10

PO
11

L
L

PO1
2

H
L

Blooms Taxonomy (BLO):

Blooms Taxonomy
Remembering

Understanding

Applying

Analyzing

Evaluation

Creating

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

Page 5 of 25

Unit wise lesson plan

Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)
Unit 1: Microwave transmission lines

Planned hours:07Hrs

Learning objectives:
1. To study concept of transmission lines
2. To study impedance matching stubs.
3. To calculate reflection and transmission line coefficients.
4. Analysis of transmission parameter through Smith chart.
Lesson Schedule:
Class
No.
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7

Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

CLO

Introduction, transmission lines equations and solutions.

Reflection & transmission coefficients
Standing waves & SWR
Line impedance &line admittance
Smith chart
Impedance matching using single stubs, numerical examples.
Microwave coaxial connectors

1
1
1
1
1
1

Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L2, L3
L2,L3
L1

Assignment questions:
1. Define and derive expression for reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient
for transmission line.
2. Derive an expression for line impedance Z at point P at a distance d from the
receiving end in terms of ZL and Zo
1. What are the applications of smith chart? Explain briefly.
2. Write note on impedance matching for transmission line.
3. A generator of 1 volt, 1 KHz supplies power to 100Km long line terminated Zo. The
parameter line are R=10.4/km, L=0.0036H/km, G=0.8*10-6mho/km and C=0.00835*10-6
F/km. Calculate Zo, attenuation constant and phase constant.
4. Explain different microwave coaxial connectors.
5. Explain standing wave and standing wave ratio.
6. Explain mismatch losses in transmission lines
7. List and Explain microwave applications

Unit wise lesson plan

Page 6 of 25

Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)

Unit 2: Microwave wave guides &components:

Planned hours: 06Hrs

Learning objectives:
1. To study the concept of waveguides and hybrid circuits
2. To study the different wave guide components.
Lesson Schedule:
Class
No.
L8
L9
L10
L11
L12
L13

Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

CLO

Introduction, Microwave hybrid circuits

Directional couplers, numerical examples
Circulators
Isolators
Microwave cavities
Rectangular wave guides, Circular wave guides, numerical
problems.

2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3

Blooms
Taxonomy Level
L1,L2
L1,L2,L3
L1,L2
L1,L2
L2, L2
L2,L3

Assignment questions:
1. Define coupling factor, directivity of directional coupler.
2. Explain schematic of direction coupler. Derive its S matrix parameters.
3. Explain with diagram Faraday rotation isolator.
4. Explain with diagram four port circulator.
5. Compare coaxial cable and wave guide.
6. For rectangular wave guide find cut off frequency, phase velocity, guide wavelength for
dimensions a=7cms,b=3.5cms,fg=3.5GHz for TE10 mode
7. Find output power at main arm, coupled and isolated parts of directional coupler when incident
power is 90W. Given directivity is 35dB, coupling factor 20dB and insertion loss 0.5dB.
8. Explain properties and characteristics of waveguide.
9. Illustrate field patterns for TM and TE modes.
10. What is dominant mode?
11. Describe various methods of excitation of the rectangular wave guide.
12. How bandwidth of waveguide is defined? How dimensions of rectangular waveguides are
selected to give maximum band width?

Unit wise lesson plan

Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)
Unit 3: Microwave diodes

Planned hours: 07Hrs

Page 7 of 25

Learning objectives:
To study the construction of microwave diodes.
To study applications of microwave diodes
Lesson Schedule:
Class
No.
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
L19
L20

Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

CLO

Transfer electron devices: Introduction, GUNN effect

diodes - GaAs diodes
RWH theory, modes of operation
Avalanche transit time devices: Read diode
IMPATT diode
BARITT diode
PIN diodes, Schottky barrier diodes
Parametric amplifiers

3
3

3
3
3
3
3

Blooms
Taxonomy Level
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1, L2
L1, L2
Ll, L2
L1,L2

Assignment Questions:
1. Explain construction of PIN diode and its application.
2. What is transferred electron effect? Explain how this is used in solid state devices in
generating microwave oscillations.
3. Write short note on Schottky Barrier diode and Parametric amplifiers.
4. Explain working of GUNNN diode in the GUNN mode and LSA mode with neat sketches.
5. With relevant diagrams explain IMPATT diode operation and mechanism of oscillation.
6. An IMPATT diode operates at 150mv delivering 1A of current at 8% efficiency. Calculate
the output power and duty cycle, if the device is operated in pulse mode at 20GHz with a
pulse width 0.5ps.
7. Explain the principle of operation of Read diode with suitable diagrams.
8. Explain with diagram construction of BARITT diode.
9. Explain RWH theory of GUNN diode.
10. What are tunnel diodes? How they are able to exhibit dynamic negative resistance

Unit wise lesson plan

Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)
Unit 4: Microwave network theory and passive devices

Planned hours: 06 Hrs

Learning objectives:
The student will learn
1. Concept of microwave network theory.
2. S parameter and its analysis to different waveguide tees.
3. Realization of Z, Y and S parameter

Lesson Schedule:
Class
No.
L21

Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

Symmetrical Z &Y parameters for reciprocal network

CLO Blooms
2

Taxonomy Level
L1,L2,L3

Page 8 of 25

L22
L23
L24
L25
L26

Symmetrical Z &Y parameters for reciprocal network

S matrix representation of multiport networks
S matrix representation of multiport networks

2
2
2

Numerical problems
S matrix derivation for various tees.

2
2

L1,L2,L3
L1,L2,L3
L1,L2,L3
L2, L3
L1,L2

Assignment questions:
1. Express S parameters in terms of characteristic impedances Z1 and Z2.
2. What are the different properties of scattering parameters? Explain briefly.
3. With necessary conditions write S matrix representation of multiport network.
4. Explain relation between incident and reflected waves in terms of S parameters for a two pot
network.
5. Which properties are common in S, Z and Y parameters?
6. Explain losses in terms of S parameters?
7. Derive S matrix of an ideal E and H plane Tee.
8. What are scattering parameters? Why they only are suitable at microwave frequencies to
model a network?
Unit wise lesson plan
Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)
Unit5: Microwave passive devices

Planned hours: 06Hrs

Learning objectives:
1. To study construction and characteristics of wave guide tees.
2. To study construction and application of attenuators and phase shifters.
3. Evaluation of power through the ports.
Lesson Schedule:
Class
No.
L27
L28
L29
L30
L31
L32

Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

Wave guide tees : E and H plane tees
Magic tee

Attenuators
Attenuators
coaxial connectors & adapters
Phase shifters

CLO
4

4
4
4

4
4

Blooms
Taxonomy Level
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2

Assignment questions:
1. Explain with neat sketch precision type variable attenuator.
2. Explain magic tee and its applications.
3. Obtain S matrix representation of magic tee.
4. Explain salient features of co axial connectors and adapters.
5. Write note on precision rotary phase shifter with a neat sketch.
6. Explain E and H plane tee and obtain its S matrix.
7. A 20mW signal is fed into port1 of lossless H plane tee. Calculate power delivered through each
port when other ports are terminated in matched load.
8. Define attenuation of a device. Describe the functioning of various types of attenuators.
9. Describe twists and bends. What are their applications?
Unit wise lesson plan
Page 9 of 25

Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)

Unit 6 : Strip lines

Planned hours: 06Hrs

Learning objectives:
1. To study microwave transmission lines.
2. Applications of strip lines
Lesson Schedule:
Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

Class
No.
L33
L34
L35
L36
L37
L38

CL
O

Micro strip lines

Parallel strip lines

4
4

Numerical problems on micro strip lines and parallel strip 4

lines
Shielded strip lines
4
Coplanar strip lines
4
Numerical problems on shielded and coplanar strip lines.
4

Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
L1,L2
L1,L2
L2,L3
L1,L2
L1,L2
L2,L3

Assignment questions:
1. Explain construction and field pattern for micro strip lines.
2. Compare strip line with micro strip line
3. A shielded strip line has width w=63.5mm, thickness t=35mm, depth d=180mm, dielectric
constant tr=2.56. Compute i) characteristic impedance ii) K factor iii) fringe capacitance
4. Explain with diagram operation of parallel strip line. Write expression for distributed
parameters, characteristic impedance and attenuation.
5. What are the losses in micro strip lines? Explain radiation loss.
6. Explain construction of shielded strip line with diagram.
7. Explain losses in microwave propagation

Unit wise lesson plan

Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)
Unit7: An Introduction to radar

Planned hours: 07 Hrs

Learning objectives:
1. To study basic radar system.
2. Types of radar,
3. Deriving radar range equation.
4. Applications of radar.

Lesson Schedule:
Class
No.
L39
L40
L41
L42
L43

Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

Basic radar
The simple form of the radar equation.
Radar block diagram
Radar frequencies
Application of radar

CLO
5

5
5
5

Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L2, L3

Page 10 of 25

L44
L45

The origins of radar

Numerical problems on radar equations

L1,L2
L2,L3

5
5

Assignment questions:
1. What are the applications of radar?
2. Explain frequency band of radar.
3. Define the terms related to radar system
i) Pulse Repetition Frequency ii) rest time iii) duty cycle iv) maximum unambiguous range.
4. Derive maximum radar range equation
5. Discuss the effect of different parameters on maximum detection of radar range.
6. Calculate maximum range of radar which operates at a frequency of 10GHz, peak pulse power
of 600kW, if antenna effective area is 5m 2 and area of target is 20m2. Minimum receivable
power is 10-13 watts.
7. Explain block diagram of basic radar system.
8. List the classification of radars. Explain briefly.

Unit wise lesson plan

Course title and code: Microwaves and Radar (10EC54)
Unit 8 : MTI &Pulse Doppler radar

Planned hours: 07Hrs

Learning objectives:
1. To study the concept of clutter effect, Doppler shift.
2. To study blind speed and delay line cancellers.
3. To study working of MTI and Pulse Doppler radar

Lesson Schedule:
Class
No.
L46
L47
L48
L49
L50
L51
L52

Portion to be covered per lecture (class)

Introduction
Doppler radar
MTI radar
Delay line cancellers
Digital MTI processing
Moving target detector
Pulse Doppler radar

CLO
5

5
5
5

5
5

Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1,L2
L1, L2
L1,L2
L1,L2

Assignment questions:
1. Explain Doppler frequency shift for moving targets.
2. What is clutter effect?
3. Draw and explain block diagram of MTI radar.
4. Explain blind speed, delay line canceller
5. Explain working of continuous wave pulse Doppler radar with block diagram. Also mention its
advantages and disadvantages.
6. What are applications of CW Doppler radar?
Page 11 of 25

7. A MTI Radar uses PRF of 1000Hz at 4GHz. Compute lowest blind speed of radar. Also
calculate second and third lowest blind speed.
8. Explain recent advances in Radars.

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