Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Outlook
Energy autonomous systems
Consumer electronics, biomedical, Body Sensor Networks
Energy harvesters
Electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrochemical, thermoelectric
1600
Number of sold and disposed
[Millions]
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26
25
24
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22
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20
2000
2002
2004
2006 2008
Year
2010
2012
2014
1400
1200
1000
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sold via GRS
disposed
200
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
Year
Biopotentials
Implants
Nike
Seiko
Sensatex
29. April 2014
Emotiv
Polar
Biotronik
wikimedia
PC
CONSULTING
DIAGNOSIS
MONITORING
EMERGENCY
STORAGE
STATISTICS
LOCAL NETWORK
adapted from: Gyselinckx et al. IEEE Int.Circ.Conf. 2005
Attributes: Continuous use 24/7, portable and unobtrusive, Anytime, Anywhere, Anybody
PC
CONSULTING
DIAGNOSIS
MONITORING
EMERGENCY
STORAGE
STATISTICS
LOCAL NETWORK
adapted from: Gyselinckx et al. IEEE Int.Circ.Conf. 2005
Attributes: Continuous use 24/7, portable and unobtrusive, Anytime, Anywhere, Anybody
Outlook
Energy autonomous systems
Consumer electronics, biomedical, Body Sensor Networks
Energy harvesters
Electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrochemical, thermoelectric
+ Biochemical potential
+ Biochemical potential
Outlook
Energy autonomous systems
Consumer electronics, biomedical, Body Sensor Networks
Energy harvesters
Electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrochemical, thermoelectric
10
Electromagnetic harvesters
Working principle
Images: wikimedia
=
=
11
12
Piezoelectric harvesters
e = dielectric constant
13
14
Electrochemical harvesters
15
Notes:
2 cm
16
Thermoelectric harvesters
Seebeck effect (1928): A combination
of different physical phenomena
Thermodiffusion
Phonon drag
T2
B
V = (B A) * (T2-T1) = m TG
B
T1
29. April 2014
17
Thermoelectric harvesters
Seebeck effect (1928): A combination
of different physical phenomena
Thermodiffusion
Phonon drag
T2
B
RL
V = (B A) * (T2-T1) = m TG
2
= =
4
T1
18
VG = m * m TG
Kh
m*
TG
KG
VG
Kc
Attributes: Robust, no moving parts, small and light-weight, cheap
Tc
29. April 2014
19
VG = m * m TG
Kh
m*
TG
KG
VG
Kc
Attributes: Robust, no moving parts, small and light-weight, cheap
Tc
29. April 2014
20
Sensor
Characteristics:
low T (~ 1 K)
Challenges:
21
Blood oxymeter
Torf et al. Sens. Trans. J. 80(6). 2007
Sensor type:
Power consumption:
Body location:
Notes:
Sensor
Processing
22
Power consumption:
Energy harvesting by:
Body location:
Desired features:
not stated
TEG, PV + supercapacitor
Any skin surface
Thin / light weight
Flexible / stretchable
Low cost, Disposable /
Biodegradable
23
Outlook
Energy autonomous systems
Consumer electronics, biomedical, Body Sensor Networks
Energy harvesters
Electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrochemical, thermoelectric
24
Specific applications
Alzheimers detection in high risk adults
Project partners
25
BPS Project
26
BPS Project
27
28
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80 uW
20 uW
30
Feeling of cold
(Estimation)
Q = dT / Rth
31
Heat
sink
Hot side
Cold side
TEG
Measurement time:
Average Voltage
2h
74 mV
Max. Voltage
170 mV
Min. Voltage
40 mV
Average Power
0.55 mW
Max. Power
2.62 mW
Min. Power
0.14 mW
32
Heat
sink
Hot side
Cold side
TEG
DEMO TIME!
Measurement time:
Average Voltage
2h
74 mV
Max. Voltage
170 mV
Min. Voltage
40 mV
Average Power
0.55 mW
Max. Power
2.62 mW
Min. Power
0.14 mW
33
Heat sink
Heat transfer structure
Shielded
cable
Power conversion
PCB1
Solder
Generator
Signal processing
PCB2
Electrode
10 mm
Isolator
34
Conclusions
The human body provides a variety of energy
resources
Movement
Biochemical
Heat
Electromagnetic
Piezoelectric
Electrochemical
Thermoelectric
35
top interconnect
p-type
bottom interconnect
n-type
Questions?
D = 210 m
H = 153 m
36
- Uin = 20 mV 500 mV
- Rin = 2 10 Ohm
- Efficiency = 40% (1:100,Vin=60mV,Vout=4.5V)
- Stable output of 2.3 V produced with headset
37
Notes: Channels: 2
2.4 GHz radio transceiver
CMOS based EEG frontend
40 s to startup
Temperature range: 21-26 C
38
Characteristics:
-
Challenges:
Yang et al. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40. 2007
Biocompatibility of materials
Packaging
Corrosive environment
39
Spin-off Company
2009 Foundation of greenTEG
Products:
Heat Flux Sensing
Energy Harvesting
gSKIN
Applications:
gTEG
Applications:
Applications:
Automotive industry
Consumer electronics
Power plants
Ships
power sensing