CONSTRUCTION POWER

TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

study of 33/11KV SUB STSTION
ALONG WITH II/0.4 KV RING MAIN NETWORK
FOR PROVIDING CONSTRUCTION POWER SUPPLY for
MEJA SUPER THERMAL POWER PROJECT (2X660 MW)

SUBMITTED BY

Cover page
TRAINING WORK

CONSTRUCTION POWER
TRAING REPORT REPORT
Work Carried at
2X660MW Meja Super Thermal Power Project
Meja, MUNPL,
ALLHABAD-(UP)
By

ABSTRACT
Our Nation today has to maintain its pace of growth in order to
stand among the top League of Nations and this growth rate has
to be steered by meeting the power demand of its industries and
people. But we are highly deficient in power and we have also to
fulfill the rising demands so as to keep our nation growing.
NTPC since its inception in 1975 has been frontrunner in
fulfilling the electricity demand of nation and to maintain it in
future we aim to take our present capacity of 30000MW to a 1
Lakh MW Generation Company for which we have to setup new
power plants at a fast rate within restricted timeframe. But to
carry out construction at fast rate we need vast amount of Labour,
machine and uninterrupted supply of power for carrying out
initial construction an fabrication works.
MUNPL
Construction Power is to provide electrical power supply as
sources of electrical energy up to each and every required
locations as regular, reliable, un tripped, easily operationable
and safe energy source to execute the work successfully within
the frameworks of company guidelines and prevailing electricity
Act & follow the rules.

CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
1.0 VISION, MISSION & CORE VALUES OF NTPC
8
2.0 INTRODUCTION
9
2.1 NTPC PROFILE
9
2.2 BACK GROUND
9
2.3 PROJECT PROFILE
9
2.4 NEED OF CONSTRUCTION POWER
14
2.5 HOW TO GET IT
14

2.0 RELEASE OF CONSTRUCTION POWER

15
2.1 CLEARANCE INSPECTION CHECK LIST
15
2.2 DOS AND DONTS
17
3.0 ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION POWER
18
3.1 CONSTRUCTION POWER NETWORK.
18
3.2 SUBSTATION.
20
3.3 11 KV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK , CABLES & INSULATION
25
3.4 TRANSFORMER
26
3.5 LT DISTRIBUTION BOARD
28
3.6 11 KV ISOLATORS & DROP OUT FUSES
30
3.7 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
31
3.9 AREA LIGHTING
32
3.10 EARTHING
32

4.0 CONCLUSION
42

5.0 REFERENCES

42
6.0

END OF PROJECT REPORT

44

NTPCS Vision, Mission & Core Values

Vision:
A world class integrated power, major, powering Indias growth, with
increasing global presence

Mission:
Develop and provide reliable power, related products and services at
competitive prices, integrating multiple energy sources with innovative
and eco friendly technologies and contribute to society.

Core Values:

Business Ethics
Customer Focus
Organizational Pride
Mutual Respect & Trust
Innovation & Speed

Total Quality for Excellence

1.0 INTRODUCTION :
1.1 NTPC PROFILE : Power development is one of the key infrastructural
elements for the economic development of the country. NTPC Limited was
set up in 7th November,1975 with the objective of planning, promoting and
organizing integrated development of thermal power in the country.
1.2 BACK GROUND :
A Memorandum of Understanding was signed
between NTPC Limited and Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam
Limited (UPRVUNL) / Government of U.P on 22.11.2007to establish a 2 X
660 MW (1320 MW) coal base power project at any suitable site in District
Allahabad (U.P.). Accordingly, a site near villages Kohdar, Mai Khurd and
Patai Dandi villages in Meja Tehsil, District Allahabad was identified to set
up the thermal power project.
Subsequently, a Joint Venture Agreement was signed between NTPC and
UPRVUNL on 28.02.2008 for Establishment, Operation & Maintenance of
the thermal power project and a Joint Venture company namely, Meja Urja
Nigam (Private ) Limited was formed with equity structure of 50% each by
NTPC and UPRVUNL. The company has been registered with the Registrar
of Companies, Delhi & Haryana on 02.04.2008
The present proposal is to implement Meja Super Thermal Power Project,
Stage 1 ( 2X 660 MW ) at Meja, District Allahabad (U.P.) for the benefit
of Uttar Pradesh and other willing of States / Union Territories of Northern
Region during early XII Plan period. Government of U.P. have accorded in
principle land and water availability clearances for the project and Ministry
of Coal have been requested for long term coal linkage.
1.3 PROJECT PROFILE :
1.3.1 LOCATION OF PROJECT : - The Location of project site is near
Kohdar, Mai Khurd and Patai Dandi villages in Meja Tehsil, District
Allahabad, south west of Allahabad Mirzapur highway with having
Latitude as 25deg 09-10 N& Longitude 81deg-56-50 E. The site is
approachable from Meja - Khiri road on Allahabad Mirzapur Highway at a
distance of about 45 Kms from Allahabad. The Nearest railway station is
Meja Road Railway Station on Allahabad Mughalsarai section of North
Central Railway at about 20 kms from the project site

Distance from Project to Allahabad Air Port

Distance from Project to Lucknow Air Port
Distance from Project to Varanasi Air Port

50 Kms
250 Kms
120 Kms

Figure 1.3.1

10

About 2500 acres of land ((mostly barren, rockey & highly undulating
terrain to the tune of 10 to 15 meters and not prone to flood) has been
acquired for main plant, township, raw water reservoir and ash disposal
areas. Govt of UP has accorded in principle clearance for availability of
2500 acres of land vide letter dated 06.12.2007.

1.3.2 ROLE OF NTPC : Since then NTPC has been instrumental for
accelerated power development and by now has reached a total installed
capacity of 29,894 MW, out of total installed capacity of the country
1,45,588 MW. Hence 23,895 MW Power is generated by Coal based plant,
3,955 MW is generated by Gas plant. and 2,044 MW is generated by Joint
Venture plants. Now NTPC plan to become 75,000 MW plus by 2017. A
multi pronged growth strategy has been adopted for the capacity addition
through setting up Greenfield projects and by the extension of many
running/existing plants.
In addition of this, NTPC has decided to add the two new units to increase
the capacity of joint venture by installation of 2X660 MW, Meja super
thermal power project, Meja, Allahabad in 1st. stage with adding 17,400 MW
additional capacity by project under construction.
Incase of Construction of Project NTPC has given so many bench marks for
their qualities of works, performance, and to reduce the time period for
completion of the Projects.
1.3.3 BENEFITS OF PROJECT: 75% power shall be allocated to U.P.. &
balance power shall be made to the other willing Consumers.

11

1.4 NEED OF CONSTRUCTION POWER :

The main question arises why we need construction power?
For the construction of new plant we required to build/ fabricate lots of
structures, buildings, install new machineries / equipments etc that require
huge potential of man, material and power. The power required here is
known as Construction Power.
So for successfully completion of above new power plant the availability of
reliable, untripped,, & regular construction power supply is more important
parts of Construction Activities. This power is required to run different
activities / run the equipments such as:

Batching Plant
Pump sets.
To run the Cement, concrete mixture machines,
Electric cranes.
Pump sets.
Site fabrication & equipments installation, testing & commissioning.
Construction lighting, Area / high lighting mast.
Fabrication yard for different types of fabrication activities.
Cutting and welding of structures, guiders, equipments etc.

1.3 HOW TO GET IT :

For receiving the construction power we need a reliable source .. For the
Greenfield projects this power is taken from State Electricity Board.
For the expansion of the existing plant this power is taken from plant itself,
but due to Green Field Project, where no any supply sources are available

12

near the Plant area, the first stage of Meja super thermal power project,
MEJA, ALLAHABAD, a 1st line of 33 KV is commissioned from 132/33
KV Sub Station Meja through a 2 X 20 MVA Transformer through a line
length of 22 kms to our project site 33/11 KV Sub Station through 4 MVA
transformer executed by UPPCL,Allahabad through a deposite work . To
increase the reliability of power supply as another stand by arrangement 2 nd
line of 33 KV is awarded the contract from 132/33 KV Sub Station Bhunda
through 2 X 20 MVA Transformer through a line length of 13 kms. to our
project site 33/11 KV Sub Station through 4 MVA transformer executed by
UPPCL,Allahabad UPPCL, Allahabad through same deposite work. And a
33/11KV sub-station is under award to build up the sub station and its 11
KV ring main net work. After completion of the project these lines may be
dismantle but the sub-station shall be still in service and serving for
costruction power, coloney power supply etc. and other different feeders as
required for non O&M areas of project activities. In future this substation
shall be charged from station buses (SA & SB) through two transformers.
1. Transformer #1 of 10 MVA 6.6/11 KV
2. Transformer #2 of 10 MVA 6.6/11 KV.
2.0 RELEASE OF CONSTRUCTION POWER THROUGH 11 KV
RING MAIN :
As per layout of the plant we are going to construct a ring main to
supply the power to 20 numbers of 11/0.4 KV Sub Stations. This system
shall facilitate power to different loads as per requirement of various
agencies and groups involved in the construction work at project area and
they need a power supply for there equipments and offices for taking power
from the owner (MUNPL) they have to fulfill the norms that are governed
by NTPC.
2.1 CLEARANCE INSPECTION CHECK LIST :
Following things should be checked before releasing construction power
supply.
CONSTRUCTION POWER SUPPLY CLEARENCE INSPECTION
CHECK LIST
S.NO.

CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT

OBSERVATIONS

13

01

Whether switch fuse isolators and other accessories are of

suitable rating to match the connected load.
Whether suitable earthing is provided.

YES/ NO

YES/ NO

06

Whether double earthing is provided for DB, Motor,

Motor starter, welding machine etc.
Whether surrounding area of the installation is clear and
easily accessible.
Whether the installation is covered properly with a shed
or canopy.
IR value of cable

07

Operation of ELCB/RCB

08

Operation of Isolators

09
10
11

Whether ELCBs/RCBs of suitable ratings are provided in

out going feeders.
Whether HRC fuses are provided.
Whether any live part is exposed.

12

Whether the insulators are clean and without cracks.

YES/ NO

13

Whether proper gasket is fitted in DB, Isolators etc.

YES/ NO

14

Whether Neutral Link is provided.

YES/ NO

15

All the plug points should be 3 Pin/ 5 Pin/ 6 Pin.

YES/ NO

16

YES/ NO

17

Whether the cable is of proper size and without any cuts

in insulation.
All unwanted openings are sealed.

18

There are no sharp bends in the cable.

YES/ NO

19

Whether the approved cable route is followed.

YES/ NO

20

Whether the cable termination is done using suitable lugs

and glands.

YES/ NO

21

Earth resistance of the earth pit is within permissible

limit.

YES/ NO

02
03
04
05

YES/ NO

YES/ NO
YES/ NO
SATISFACORY/
UNSATISFACORY
SATISFACORY/
UNSATISFACORY
SATISFACORY/
UNSATISFACORY
YES/ NO
YES/ NO
YES/ NO

YES/ NO

14

22

Whether light fixtures are supported on wooden bullies.

YES/ NO

23

Whether any cable is laid on the ground.

YES/ NO

24

Whether the installation is numbered for unique identity

YES/ NO
and source of supply is mentioned.
Whether cables are laid properly and joints are not laid on YES/ NO
the ground.
Whether hand tools are earthed.
YES/ NO

25
26
27

Whether qualified personnel are deployed for Electrical

installation/Maintenance.

YES/ NO

28

Whether danger tag is provided.

YES/ NO

After inspecting above mention things if any of the points not holds good
the supply will not be release to the agency. Not only at the time of release
these points also been checked time to time as per schedule decided by
engineer-in-charge or his representative.
2.2 DOS AND DONTS :
DOs
1. Use Personal Protective equipments like Helmet, Safety Belt, hand
gloves, Rubber boots etc. while working on electrical installation.
2. Check yourself that the installation on which you are going to work
is electrically isolated.
3. Use proper tools for carrying out the work. Ensure that the tools and
measuring equipments are of good quality.
4. Check the healthiness of T&P and test equipments regularly.
5. Use protective devices like fuse, MCB, ELCB of proper rating.
6. Use 24 v supply for carrying out work in enclosed area.
7. Use 3-pin plug and socket for power hand tool.

15

8. Ensure double earthing of all the installations.

9. Cover the installation properly to avoid ingress of water.
10. Identify the source of supply clearly.
11. Use appropriate starters for starting and stopping motors.
12. Insulate joints properly with good quality insulation tapes.
13. Allow only qualified electrician to carry out maintenance work.
14. Educate the people about the electrical hazards.
15. Use only insulated cables for supply extension.
16. Use only wooden bullies for fixing the light fixtures.
17. Electrically operated mixture machine to be earthed locally by
driving earthing spikes.
18. Cables shall be either buried or supported on bullies/other suitable
structures above ground.
19. Only industrial type plug top and socket shall be used in the system.
DONTS
20. No cable should be laid on the surface in open condition.
21. Dont use loose / naked wires for extension of supply.
22. Do not keep live wires/ joints open.
23. Do not use copper wires as fuse wires.
24. Dont fix any light fixture on scaffolding pipe/reinforcement rod.

3.0 ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION POWER :

Elements of construction power means the equipments and the accessories
related to construction power supply.
3.1 CONSTRUCTION POWER NETWORK :

16

Construction power is transmitted through over head lines and cables to

different users and utilities this is done through a network of wire and cables
known as construction power network. This network is nothing but a circuit
and different tapings and source of supply to this network will be a 33 / 11
KV substation of 4MVA capacity with 100% standby arrangement.
In MUNPL, Meja Stage I area, The 33 /11KV Sub Station system is
charged through two different 33 KV feeders named as source S-1 and
source S-2., S-1 from 132/33 KV Sub Station Meja Road through a 40 MVA
Transformer to our project site 33/11 KV Sub Station through 4 MVA
transformer executed by UPPCL,Allahabad through a deposite work and to
increase the reliability of power supply as another stand by arrangement 2 nd
line of 33 KV is awarded the contract for S-2 from 132/33 KV Sub Station
Bhunda through a 40 MVA Transformer to our project site 33/11 KV Sub
Station through 4 MVA transformer executed by UPPCL,Allahabad
UPPCL, Allahabad through same deposited work. These two feeders S-1 &
S-2 supply power to the whole network

17

33/11 KV SUB STATION AT PLANT AREA SITE:

Now the out put
of 33/11 KV transformers makes a 11 KV network in the form of ring main
which completes a ring type structure to separate them four different cut
points are provided in the network one at near stage I chimney and near Ash
Silo and one at new first aid centre these three are kept in closed position
while the fourth one .i.e. BHEL cut point kept in open position. These cut
points are provided for reliability in case due to fault in any feeder (P-1or P14) trips we can isolate the faulty part through isolators (Cut point) and
charge the remaining part of ring main through one healthy feeder.
The figure 3.1(a) shows the line diagram of construction power network and
the substations.

18

3CX70

19

Figure 3.1(a)
In the figure 3.1(a) the line in red color represents P-14 feeder while the P-3
is shown in green color blue color isolators are shown in the different
locations.
The feeders connected through network are shown below:
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Substation No.
S/S No. 01
S/S No. 02
S/S No. 03
S/S No. 04
S/S No. 05
S/S No. 06
S/S No. 07
S/S No. 08
S/S No. 09
S/S No. 10
S/S No. 11
S/S No. 12
S/S No. 13
S/S No. 14
S/S No. 15
S/S No. 16

Location
Near Switch Yard
Near Construction Office
Near Administrative Building
Near Batching Pant
Near Service Building
Near Safety Department
Chimney RHS
Unit # 1
AHP
CHP
Wagon Trippler
w Cooling Tower
P.T Plant
EDP Pump Hose
Near Fire Station
Near Auto Base Site

KVA Rating
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA
500kVA

3.2 SUBSTATION
3.21

33/11 KV Sub Station

An establishment, either in a separate building or forming part of a

consumers premises, where electrical energy is transformed (i.e. step-up or
step-down), converted or controlled.
In Meja Super thermal Power Project, 33 / 11 kV construction power substation is charged as incoming supply to 2 Nos 4 MVA Transformer from
two different 33 KV lines, one from 132 / 33 KV Meja Road S/S by a
transformer of 20 KVA capacity and other as 100% stand by arrangement
from 132 / 33 KV BHUNDA S/S. by other transformer of 20 KVA capacity.

20

21

Figure 3.21
3.22 11KV Ring Main
o 11 KV construction power supply shall be spreaded in all over the plant
area as a Ring Main distribution feeders along with cut points by
providing isolators as per local need base locations by providing LT
distribution substations along with 500 / 1000 KVA or required capacity
of transformers at different need base planned locations. So we select 16
Nos of different locations for installation testing & commissioning of
load distribution Sub Stations along with four poles / double poles
structures with 12 KV Insulators, Conductors, Gang Operated Switches
(Isolators), Drop Out Fuses (11KV), 11 / 0.4 kV Distribution
Transformers, Cables & L.T. Distribution Panel etc. for supply to 16 nos
(T1 to T16), 11/0.4 KV distribution substations of 500 KVA capacity.
o 0.4 KV / 3 PHASE OR 230/ 250 VOLTS SINGLE PHASE
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
o Next we distribute the required load with the help of LT Distribution
Panels as per capacities of distribution feeders with respect to their
incomer capacities to the load as per demand / requirement of load.

Figure 3.22
Above figure is a simple single line diagram of 33 / 11 kV Substation
including
36 KV ISOLATORS, CIRCUIT BREAKERS, EARTH SWITCH, SURGE ARRESTER, 4
MVA, 33 / 11 KV, 3 phase, 50 Hz, STEP DOWN POWER TRANSFORMERS & SWITCH
GEARS

along with accessories etc. with consisting of main two feeders of 33

KV Lines from source S-1 (MEJA ROAD) & source S-2 (BHUNDA) of 132

22

/ 33 KV Sub Stations. These feeders carries power for the construction this
project 2 X 660 MW of stage-I.
We can see the systematic arrangement of 11 / 0.4 kV sub-stations as load
distribution Sub Station as per sites requirements / activities planned. F-1
and F-2 are the main feeders for construction power for construction
activities in Plant area. These two feeders make a ring main. Power available
on each construction power feeder (i.e. F-1 and F-2) is approximately 4
MVA. P-8 is bus-coupler in this panel in case of fault in any transformer we
can charge the second portion of panel by the bus-coupler. In normal
situation it is in OFF condition. Two feeders (i.e. P-6 and P-11) are going to
colony (power available on colony feeder is 5 MVA) and four (i.e. P-5, P-6,
P-12 and P-13) feeders are going to Tube well located in plant and Plant
approach road.

3.3 11KV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, CABLES & INSULATORS :

Power in the network is transmitted and distributed through cables and
transmission lines the size of the cable/transmission line depends on the
Voltage rating and current carrying capacity of the conductors also it
depends on atmospheric condition such as temperature, pressure and relative
humidity etc.
Insulators
(a)
Insulator and insulator fittings shall conform to the
requirements of IS : 731 and 2486 .Insulators shall be of pin type for
straight runs and up to maximum of 10 deg. Angle deviation and disc
type for pole positions having more than 10 deg. Angle or for dead
ending of lines.
(b)
Porcelain used in insulators shall be homogeneous, free from
laminations, cavities and other flaws of imperfections. Glazing of
porcelain shall be uniform brown color, free from blisters, burns and
similar other defects. All iron parts shall be hot dip galvanized and
all joints shall be air tight. Insulators shall be suitable for heavily
polluted atmosphere Insulator pins, nuts, washers, cotter pin etc.
shall be made of hot dip galvanized steel.
(c)

Parameters of insulator shall be as follows:

23

(i) Rated voltage:

12 KV (rms)
(ii) Impulse withstand voltage:
70 KV
(iii) Wet power frequency:
28 KV (rms)
withstand voltage
(iv) Minimum creepage distance :
300 mm

3.4 TRANSFORMERS
Transformer is the static device that transforms energy from one circuit to
another through magnetic coupling.
In the construction power network the power is distributed through
Distribution Transformer. Distribution Transformer should have following
qualities:
(a) The distribution transformer shall be oil immersed, natural air cooled, 3
phases, 50 Hz. double wound, outdoor type, conforming to IS: 2026.
(b) The transformers shall be capable of being loaded in accordance with
IS:6600
upto to 150%. There shall be no limitation imposed by bushings tap changer
etc.
The transformer shall be capable of being operated without danger on any
tapping at the rated KVA with voltage variation of +10% corresponding to
the voltage of the tapping. The transformer and all accessories shall be
capable of withstanding for two seconds any external short circuit at bushing
terminal without any damage. The maximum flux density in any part of the
cores and yoke at normal voltage and frequency shall be such that the flux

24

density on any tap position with +10% voltage variations from voltage
corresponding to the tap shall not exceed the saturation limit.
(c) Cores shall be constructed from high grade, cold rolled, non aging grain
oriented silicon steel laminations. The insulation structure for the core to
bolts and core to clamp plates shall be able to withstand a voltage of 2 kV
AC for 1 minute. Core and windings shall be capable of withstanding shocks
during transport, installation, service and adequate provision shall be made
to prevent movement of core and winding relative to tank during these
conditions. Lifting lugs shall be provided for lifting the core and winding.
(d) Windings shall be of fully insulated electrolytic grade copper windings
and connections shall be adequately braced to withstand shocks during
transportation and short circuit conditions.
(e) Tank shall be conventional type, fabricated from commercial grade low
carbon steel. All bolted joints shall be fitted with oil tight gaskets. Tank shall
be provided with lifting lugs suitable for lifting the transformer complete
with oil. Tank shall be designed to withstand mechanical shocks during
transportation and short circuit force. Tank cover shall be sloped to prevent
retention of rain water and shall not be distort when lifted. Tank shall be
fitted with pocket for thermometer. The main tank body shall be capable of
withstanding vacuum gauge pressure of 34.7 KN/M2. The cover of main
tank shall also be provided with air release plug.
(f) Conservator shall be complete with sump and drain valve, plain oil gauge
and silica gel breather isolated from atmosphere by an oil seal.
(g) The transformer shall be provided with pressure relief vent with
diaphragm mounted on main tank for rapid release of any pressure that may
be generated with in the tank. An equalizer pipe shall be connected to
pressure relief vent from the conservator.
(h) The transformer cooling shall be affected by corrugated sidewalls or
welded tube construction.
(i) Transformer shall be provided with 3 phase, hand operated, off circuit tap
change switch. The mechanism shall be complete with tap position
indicator, direction of operation, warning plate & mechanical stops to
prevent over cranking. Arrangement shall be made for securing and pad
looking the tap changer in any of the working position. It shall not be
possible for setting or pad locking it in any intermediate positions.

25

(j) The transformer shall be supplied filled with oil and ten percent extra oil
in nonreturnable containers shall also be handed over to owner after
commissioning. The transformer oil shall conform to the requirement of IS:
335.
(k) HV bushing shall be solid porcelain type conforming to IS: 2099 &
8603.
Terminal connectors shall be suitable for ACSR conductor.
(l) The transformer shall be provided with cable box on LV side suitable for
terminating, 7 Nos. 1 C x 500 sq mm XLPE insulated armoured aluminum
cable. Cable box shall be complete with non-magnetic gland plate and shall
be gasketted to give a degree of protection of IP: 54.
(m) The transformer shall also be provided with rating plate, terminal
marking plate, dial type thermometer, two earthing terminals, skids and
foundation bolts.
(n) The internal and external surfaces including oil filled chambers and
structural steel work to be painted shall be cleaned by shot/sand blast
method. All steel surfaces in contact with oil shall be painted with two coats
of heat resistant, oil insoluble, insulating varnish. All steel surfaces exposed
to weather shall be given a primary coat of zinc chromate conforming to IS :
104, intermediate coat of oil and weather resistant varnish of a color distinct
from primary and final two coats of glossy oil weather resisting, non fading
paint conforming to IS : 2932. Finishing shade shall be 631 of IS: 5. One
coat of additional paint shall be given at site by the contractor. All bolts and
nuts exposed to weather shall be galvanized steel or cadmium plated steel.

3.5 LT DISTRIBUTION BOARD

LT distribution boards means the switching assembly at LT (Low tension
side) as mentioned in the Dos and Dont Dos safety should be insured at
each part of distribution board. Distribution board should have following
equipment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

TPN switch ( Three Phase Neutral), MCCBs

ELCB/RCB
MCB of Required Rating.
Bus bar.
Earthing Rod

26

6. Shed.
(a) Distribution boards shall be suitable for 415 volts, 3-phase 4 wire 50 Hz
system. The boards shall be designed for continuous operation at a
maximum ambient temperature of 50 deg.C and maximum relative humidity
of 100%.
(b) Distribution boards shall be free standing outdoor type, totally enclosed,
dust and vermin proof, CRCA sheet steel construction. Frames shall be
fabricated out of 2 mm thick sheet steel and thickness of sheet steel
enclosure shall not be less than 1.6 mm. Gland plates shall be removable
type made of 3 mm thick sheet steel Aluminum as applicable.
(c) Distribution board shall be single front, fully compartmentalized, having
uniform height of not more than 2100 mm. Operating handle shall not be
more than 1800-mm height. The board shall be provided with outer
enclosure so that access to individual compartments, bus bar and cable alley
shall be available only after the outer door is opened.
(d) Distribution boards shall be provided with:
- Pad locking arrangement with hinged door.
- Slopped canopy to prevent ingress in rain water.
- Base frame for mounting.
- Caution notice.
- Earthing bolts.
- Lifting hook
(e) All the cable entry shall be from bottom only. All the cutouts and doors
shall be gasketted with neoprene / synthetic rubber to give a minimum
protection of IP: 54. Cable termination component shall be suitable for
terminating specified number of armoured aluminum cables.
(f) The boards shall be provided with live, neutral earth busbars. Individual
outgoing feeders shall be tapped from vertical section busbars. Vertical cable
alley shall be provided covering entire height. Earth bus shall be of 50 x 8
mm, GI strip bolted / welded to framework of panel at bottom throughout
the length.
(g) A minimum clearance in air of 25 mm shall be provided between phases
and between phase and earth for the entire run of horizontal and vertical
busbars, bus link connection to ACB & MCCB. Busbars shall be bare and

27

busbar support insulators shall be of high strength sheet moduled compound

or equivalent. The busbars and supports shall be designed for a minimum
short circuit capacity of 25 KA rms for 1 sec. Maximum temperature of
busbars and busbars connections while carrying rated current shall not
exceed 40 deg.C over an ambient of 50 deg.C.
(h) Internal wiring shall be carried out with 1100 volts grade, PVC insulated
standard flexible copper wires, with suitable crimping lugs/sockets. For
external connections, stud type power terminals shall be provided.
(i) The boards shall be coated with two coats of primer after proper
degreasing, pickling, rinsing, phosphating and acid treatment and also after
completion of all welding work. Two coats of synthetic enamel finish paint
of shade 631 as per IS: 5 shall be applied on the panel exterior. Panel
interlock shall be painted glossy white.

3.6 11 KV ISOLATORS & DROP OUT FUSES

a) 11 KV isolators which known as Gang Operated Switches shall be 3
phase, 12 kV continuously rated, single break, manually operated, on load
type, suitable for heavily polluted outdoor mounting, conforming to IS:
9920.
b) Switches shall be of general purpose type, capable of breaking at any
voltage up to and including their rated voltage and current.
c) Switches shall be capable of carrying their rated peak withstand current
and their rated short time current without causing
i) Mechanical damage to any part.
ii) Separation of contacts
iii) A temperature raises that they likely to damage the insulation of
current carrying parts.
d) Switches shall be designed that no dangerous leakage currents can pass
from the terminals of one side to any of the terminals of the other side of
switch and shall be effectively protected against pollution in service.
e) Switches shall be so constructed that they cannot come out of their open
or closed position by gravity, wind pressure, vibration, reasonable shocks or
accidental touching of the connecting rods of their operating mechanism.

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f) Switches shall be complete with insulators, operating mechanism,

galvanized
Steel base, operating position indicator, earthing terminals, pad locking
facility to permit locking in both open and closed positions, terminal
connectors suitable for the conductors etc.
g) The height of the operating handle shall be about 1300 mm above ground
level.
h) Switches shall have provision to prevent their operation unless the
associated other interlocking conditions are met.
Drop Out Fuses are using for safety of system in various ratings
called drop out fuses.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Circuit breaker is a switch that can operate on loading condition.
In construction power network all the breaker are of Air Break type except
the breakers at 11 kV substation.
Air Circuit Breaker uses air as a breaking and arc quenching medium
these type of breaker generally used in the low current and voltage level. In
the breaker the relay senses the fault and sends the tripping command to the
breaker tripping coil and breaker cuts the supply to the circuit.
Circuit breaker shall be air break, three pole, horizontal, non draw
out type suitable for manual operation. Manual operating mechanism shall
be of spring charging stored energy type.
It shall have spring charging handle and push button for closing the
breaker mechanically after the spring has been fully charged. However
closing by spring charging handle, after the spring has been fully charged,
shall also be acceptable. It shall be interlocked such that it shall not close
unless the spring is interlocked such that it shall not close unless the spring
is fully charged. The closing action of the circuit breaker shall charge the
spring, thus making it ready for tripping. Push button shall be provided on
the front of the panel to trip the breaker by pressing the push button. The
circuit breaker shall be provided with short circuit release and over current
release. Tripping characteristics of the breakers should be such that
satisfactory discrimination between faults.
Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) are generally manually operated and
spring charged now a days spring charging by motor is also available and
new LT distribution board main incomer is of auto/manually charging type.
3.7 AREA LIGHTING

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3.8 Area lighting is an essential part of construction activities for safety and
quality of work. And suitable & comfortable proper lightings are
required for proper visibility of work done and location of working
places during construction activities specially in under ground / piling
work activities. So there are required huge quantities of lighting fittings
& fixtures to illuminate the areas where construction activities are
performed.
High Lighting Masts 15 to 30 meters and lighting poles of 11 to 13
meters are used in area lighting. In general we are using Metal halide,
Sodium Vapor lamp or High Pressure Sodium vapor lamp (HPSV) of ratings
70/150/250/400 W. In general we avoid using of Halogen lights or flood
light fittings because it draws high current.
3.9 EARTHING
Earthing is providing safe low resistance path to the earth for the fault
currents to flow so that the protective equipment can operate swiftly.
Earth: The conductive mass of the earth, whose electric potential at any
point at any points is conventionally taken as nearer to zero.
Earth Electrode: A conductor or group of conductors in intimate contact with
and providing an electrical connection to earth.
Earthing Conductor: A protective conductor connecting the main earthing
terminal to an earth electrode or to another means of earthing.
Equipment in which protection against protection against electric shock does
not relay on basic insulation only, but in which additional safety precautions
such as supplementary insulation are provided, there being no provision for
the connection of exposed metalwork of the equipment to a protective
conductor, and no reliance upon precautions to be taken in the fixed wiring
of the insulation.
In electricity supply systems, an earthing system defines the
electrical potential of the conductors relative to that of the Earth's
conductive surface. The choice of earthing system has implications for the
safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply. Note that

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regulations for earthing (grounding) systems vary considerably between

different countries.
A protective earth (PE) connection ensures that all exposed
conductive surfaces are at the same electrical potential as the surface of the
Earth, to avoid the risk of electrical shock if a person touches a device in
which an insulation fault has occurred. It ensures that in the case of an
insulation fault (a "short circuit"), a very high current flows, which will
trigger an overcurrent protection device (fuse, circuit breaker) that
disconnects the power supply.
A functional earth connection serves a purpose other than providing
protection against electrical shock. In contrast to a protective earth
connection, a functional earth connection may carry a current during the
normal operation of a device. Functional earth connections may be required
by devices such as surge suppression and electromagnetic-compatibility
filters, some types of antennas and various measurement instruments.
Generally the protective earth is also used as a functional earth, though this
requires care in some situations.

CONCLUSION
To fulfill the electricity demand of nation we have to setup new
power plants for that we require construction power for carrying
out initial construction an fabrication works.
Construction power should be reliable , un tripped, easily
operationable and safe energy source to execute the work
successfully. For that we should take care of safety factors and
proper execution .

6.0 REFRENCES:
1. NTPC handbooks.
2. Construction power manual

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