Chapter 4. Monera, Protoctists, Fungi and Plants

I.E.S.
LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

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Chapter 4. MONERA, PROTOCTISTS, FUNGI

AND PLANTS
4.4. PLANTS
WARMING UP
-What is this?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WolffiaArrhiza2.jpg
PRE-TASK
* Analyse some characteristics of the plant kingdom. Check the pictures and
choose the correct options:
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

- In the Woese three-domain system, plants belong to the Bacteria /Archea/

Eukarya domain
- According to the number of cells, plants are unicellular/ multicellular
- They are prokaryotic/eukaryotic organisms which are motile/ non motile.
- Their cells have/ do not have cell wall.
- Their cells have/do not have chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis
- They absorb/ingest/photosynthesize, so they are autotrophs/heterotrophs.

* There are about 270.000 named species, but it is estimated to be as much as

320,000. Match the picture to the type of plant:
Picture
Type of plant
Moss
Flowering plant
Fern
Conifer tree
* Compare these two plants below and choose the correct analysis:
CASE 1: A simple plant (a moss) under microscope.

CASE 2: Different parts of a complex plant, an herb.

ANALYSIS ONE:
A simple plant, like a moss, is as simple as a complex plant, like an herb. None of
them have organs.
ANALYSIS TWO:
Some plants are so simple that they have tissues but they do not have organs,
like mosses. Others are so complex that they have organs like roots, stem and
leaves. They produce flowers as well.
The correct analysis is number ___________

TASK
Parts of a complex plant:
ROOTS:
* Look at the picture and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words:
root, ground, water, plant, minerals, soil, absorbs .
The _______ is the part of the _______that grows into the_______. The root
not only anchors the plant into the_______, but it also _______ _______ and
_______.

* Write the sentence in the correct order:

the absorption /tiny hairs /develop/ of nutrients. / Roots /that help
STEM:
Stems perform two basic functions:
a) They support the leaves, the flowers and the fruits and
b) They have conduits where fluids go through within the plant. Water, and
mineral salts go up from the roots to the leaves and water and sugars go
down from the leaves to the roots.

* Fill in the gaps:
sap, phloem, xylem

The fluid which goes through the stem of the plant is called ____________.
The sap that the roots have acquired is composed of water and mineral salts. It
goes up through the ____________ to the leaves. After performing
photosynthesis, the fluid contains sugars (food). It goes down from the leaves
to the roots through the _______________.
LEAVES:
* Choose the correct option:

Leaves are the parts of the plant that are responsible for
a) Converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food through
photosynthesis.
b) Converting food into energy, water, and carbon dioxide through
photosynthesis.

Most leaves have two main parts:

1) The blade and
2) The petiole, or leafstalk.
In some kinds of plants leaves also have a third part, called the stipule.
* Work in pairs. Student A is tape recorder and is going to read a text. Student
B must copy the text. For example, if Student B says Play ( ), Student A reads
in a normal speed. Student B copies what student A is dictating. If Student A
reads too fast, Student B says Pause ( ). When Student B has finished, you
change the roles.
Other possibilities of our tape recorder:
Rewind
Pause
Play
Stop
Fast forward
STUDENT A READS
The blade, or lamina, is the broad, flat part of the leaf. Photosynthesis occurs
there in because it has many green food-making cells. Veins carry food and
water into and out of the leaf. They also support the blade .
STUDENT B COPIES:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

* Work in pairs. Now you change the roles. Student B is tape recorder and is
going to read a text. Student A must copy the text.
STUDENT B READS
The petiole is the part of the leaf that joins the blade to the stem. Within a
petiole there are tiny tubes that connect with the veins of the blade. Some of
the tubes carry water into the leaf. Others carry away food that the leaf has
made.
STUDENT A COPIES:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
FLOWERS
The flowers contain the sex organs of a plant.

* Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words:

stamen, male, filament, sacs, anther, pollen, ovule, pistil, female
The _________ and the anthers are collectively known as the _________ and
they are the _________ parts of the_________. In the _________ there
are _________with thousands of cells that give rise to _________ grains when
they mature.
The stigma, style, ovary, and _________ are often collectively known as
the carpel or _________. They are the _________ parts of the flower.
* Play and learn in this external link:

http://urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/case4/c4m1.html

The three vital functions of plants:

1) NUTRITION:
We know that plants are autotrophics because they make their own food
through photosynthesis. This process is performed by the leaves.
* Describe how the photosynthesis is performed.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2) RELATION:
* Write these sentences adequately.
or closing their leaves when touched. /to the soil and they / However, they may
make / cannot move from one place to another. / growing towards light / some
movements, like / Plants live anchored
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3) REPRODUCTION
Plants may reproduce in different ways:
1) Asexually, through spores or through fragments of the body of a plant
* Match the diagram to the picture which represents the asexual type of
reproduction:
Through spores
Through fragments
of the body of a
plant

2) Sexually, through the union of a male gamete and a female gamete.

* Write the sentences in order:
The seeds spread around and germinate to generate new mature plants./ Inside
the fruit seeds are formed. / This first union cell gives rise to a fruit.
* To sum up:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/green-kids/plants-kids/
1) Plants grow
a. Almost everywhere on the planet b. Almost nowhere on the planet
2) They grow in burning deserts, on freezing Arctic tundra
a. even on the ocean floor
b. but not on the ocean floor
3) 30.000 plant species

a. remain to be discovered
b. have been discovered
4) Using photosynthesis
a. Plants fracture their own food
b. Plants manufacture their own food
5) Herbivores
a. eat carnivores
b. eat plants
6) In order to reproduce, most plants need to be fertilized
a. by pollen from another plant of the same species
b. by pollen from the same plant
7) The pollen grains travel
a. on the wind only
b. on the wind and using the animals body
8) After fertilization, the seeds
a. produce a flower
b. produce a new plant

KEY
4.4. PLANTS
WARMING UP
This is the smallest vascular plant, or plant with organs, on Earth. Wolffia
arrhiza is a species of flowering plant which is native to Europe, Africa, and
some parts of Asia. It is approximately one millimetre wide.
PRE-TASK
* Analyse some characteristics of the plant kingdom. Check the pictures and
choose the correct options:
- In the Woese three-domain system, plants belong to the Bacteria /Archea/
Eukarya domain
- According to the number of cells, plants are multicellular
- They are prokaryotic/eukaryotic organisms which may are motile/ non motile.
- Their cells have/ do not have cell wall.
- Their cells have/do not have chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis
- They absorb/ingest/photosynthesize, so they are autotrophs/heterotrophs.
* There are about 270.000 named species, but it is estimated to be as much as
320,000. Match the picture to the type of plant:

* Compare these two plants below and choose the correct analysis:
ANALYSIS ONE:
A simple plant, like a moss, is as simple as a complex plant, like an herb. None of
them have organs.
ANALYSIS TWO:
Some plants are so simple that they have tissues but they do not have organs,
like mosses. Others are so complex that they have organs like roots, stem and
leaves. They produce flowers as well.
The correct analysis is number _TWO__________
ROOTS:
* Look at the picture and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words:
root, ground, water, plant, minerals, soil, absorbs .
The root is the part of the plant that grows into the ground. The root not only
anchors the plant into the soil, but it also absorbs water and minerals.
* Write the sentence in the correct order:
Roots develop tiny hairs that help the absorption of nutrients.
STEM:
* Fill in the gaps:

sap, phloem, xylem

The fluid which goes through the stem of the plant is called sap. The sap that
the roots have acquired is composed of water and mineral salts. It goes up
through the xylem to the leaves. After performing photosynthesis, the fluid
contains sugars (food). It goes down from the leaves to the roots through the
phloem.
LEAVES:
* Choose the correct option:
Leaves are the parts of the plant that are responsible for
a) Converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food through
photosynthesis.
b) Converting food into energy, water, and carbon dioxide through
photosynthesis.
* Work in pairs. Student A is tape recorder and is going to read a text. Student
B must copy the text. For example, if Student B says Play ( ), Student A reads
in a normal speed. Student B copies what student A is dictating. If Student A
reads too fast, Student B says Pause ( ). When Student B has finished, you
change the roles.
Other possibilities of our tape recorder:
Rewind
Pause
Play
Stop
Fast forward
STUDENT A READS and STUDENT B COPIES

The blade, or lamina, is the broad, flat part of the leaf. Photosynthesis occurs
there in because it has many green food-making cells. Veins carry food and
water into and out of the leaf. They also support the blade .
* Work in pairs. Now you change the roles. Student B is tape recorder and is
going to read a text. Student A must copy the text.
STUDENT B READS and STUDENT A COPIES:
The petiole is the part of the leaf that joins the blade to the stem. Within a
petiole there are tiny tubes that connect with the veins of the blade. Some of
the tubes carry water into the leaf. Others carry away food that the leaf has
made.

FLOWERS
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words:
stamen, male, filament, sacs, anther, pollen, ovule, pistil, female
The filament and the anthers are collectively known as the stamen and they are
the male parts of the plant. In the anther there are sacs with thousands of
cells that give rise to pollen grains when they mature.
The stigma, style, ovary, and ovule are often collectively known as the carpel or
pistil. They are the female parts of the flower.
* Play and learn in this external link:
http://urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/case4/c4m1.html
The three vital functions of plants:
1) NUTRITION:
* Describe how the photosynthesis is performed.
The water coming from the roots enters the leaf through the petiole and veins.
The carbon dioxide in the air enters the leaf through the stomata. The
chloroplasts trap the light energy from the sun. The water, the carbon dioxide
and the light are combined to produce sugar (carbohydrates) and oxygen.
2) RELATION:
* Write these sentences adequately.
or closing their leaves when touched. /to the soil and they / However, they may
make / cannot move from one place to another. / growing towards light / some
movements, like / Plants live anchored
Plants live anchored to the soil and they cannot move from one place to another.
However, they may make some movements, like growing towards light or closing
their leaves when touched.
3) REPRODUCTION
Plants may reproduce in different ways:
1) Asexually, through spores or through fragments of the body of a plant
* Match the diagram to the picture which represents the asexual type of
reproduction:

2) Sexually, through the union of a male gamete and a female gamete.

Write the sentences in order: This first union cell gives rise to a fruit. / Inside
the fruit seeds are formed. / The seeds spread around and germinate to
generate new mature plants.
* To sum up:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/green-kids/plants-kids/
1) Plants grow
a. Almost everywhere on the planet b. Almost nowhere on the planet
2) They grow in burning deserts, on freezing Arctic tundra
a. even on the ocean floor
b. but not on the ocean floor
3) 30.000 plant species
a. remain to be discovered
b. have been discovered
4) Using photosynthesis
a. Plants fracture their own food
b. Plants manufacture their own food
5) Herbivores
a. eat carnivores
b. eat plants
6) In order to reproduce, most plants need to be fertilized
a. by pollen from another plant of the same species
b. by pollen from the same plant
7) The pollen grains travel
a. on the wind only
b. on the wind and using the animals body
8) After fertilization, the seeds
a. produce a flower
b. produce a new plant

Chapter 4. Monera, Protoctists, Fungi and Plants

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I.E.S.

LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

Chapter 4. MONERA, PROTOCTISTS, FUNGI

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

- In the Woese three-domain system, plants belong to the Bacteria /Archea/

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

* There are about 270.000 named species, but it is estimated to be as much as

CASE 1: A simple plant (a moss) under microscope.

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

CASE 2: Different parts of a complex plant, an herb.

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

* Write the sentence in the correct order:

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

* Fill in the gaps:

sap, phloem, xylem

* Choose the correct option:

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

Most leaves have two main parts:

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

* Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words:

* Play and learn in this external link:

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

The three vital functions of plants:

* Describe how the photosynthesis is performed.

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

2) Sexually, through the union of a male gamete and a female gamete.

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

b. produce a new plant

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

sap, phloem, xylem

STUDENT A READS and STUDENT B COPIES

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

2) Sexually, through the union of a male gamete and a female gamete.

b. produce a new plant

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