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its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
Reflection of Light
When a ray of light falls on any surface, a part of the light is sent back to the same medium. This
phenomenon where the incident light falling on a surface is sent back to the same medium is known as
reflection.
There are two types of reflection of light:
Regular reflection
Irregular reflection
Different properties of light like reflection, refraction, scattering, absorption are shown in the
Figure below,
The reflection at any plane surface is found to obey the laws of reflection. The laws of reflection are:
The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.
Dispersion of Light
It is the phenomenon of splitting of a beam of white light into its constituent colors on passing through
prism. The order of colors from the lower end are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.
A. LENSES
A lens is merely a carefully ground or moulded piece of
transparent material that refracts light rays in such as way as
to form an image. Lenses can be thought of as a series of tiny
refracting prisms, each of
which refracts light to
produce their own image.
When these prisms act
together, they produce a
bright image focused at a
point.
Types of Lenses
There are a variety of types of lenses. Our focus will be upon
lenses that are symmetrical across their horizontal axis known as the principal axis. Lenses can be categorised as
converging lenses and diverging lenses. A converging lens is
a lens that converges rays of light that are travelling parallel to
its principal axis. A diverging lens is a lens that diverges rays
of light that are travelling parallel to its principal axis.
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