Bolts_preload.

xls
To determine properties of a joint preload by bolts
By Alex Slocum, 6/6/2004, last modified 6/6/2004 by Alex Slocum
Enters numbers in BOLD, Results in
Inputs
N
Ebolt
vbolt
Eflange
vflange
hf_1
hf_2
hflange
Db
Dbr
Dbore
Dbolthead
hnut
hbolthead
Lbolt
alpha
Fpreload
Sigboltmax
percentpreload
Stiffness results

12
2.00E+05
0.29
2.00E+05
0.29
10
10
20
6.00
5.00
6.5
9.00
5
6
25
45
5498
400
70%

kboltshaft
kbolthead
knut
kbolt
kflangecomp
kflangeshear
kflange
kf_kb
kjoint
Force results
Fboltmax
Fleak
Fbolt
Fbolttotal
Fjointmax
sigpreloadbolt
sigloadbolt
percentmaxload
SF

226195
4216149
3513457
2427787
1303990
3513457
11412304
4.70
13840091
7854
80008
1170
6667
94248
280
340
85%
1.2

Equations

k bolt

1
1
k boltshaft

1
k bolthead

1
k nut

k bolt

1
1
k boltshaft

k flange

4h flange

1
k bolthead

1
k nut

E flange
1

2
d bolt head d bolt head 2h flange cos cone angle d bore

F preload k joint
F leak F preload
F leak
k joint
k flange
k flange

1 ln 2
h flange

Bolts_preload.xls
etermine properties of a joint preload by bolts
um, 6/6/2004, last modified 6/6/2004 by Alex Slocum
in BOLD, Results in RED, All units in N, mm, degrees

Number of bolts
Young's modulus of bolt
Poisson ratio of bolt
Young's modulus of flange
Poisson ratio of flange
upper flange thickness
lower flange thickness
total resulting effective flange thickness
bolt diameter
bolt thread root diameter
bolt clearance hole
bolt head diameter
nut thicknes (enter 0 if threaded into flange)
thicknes of bolthead
bolt length assumed equal total effective flange thickness + hnut
cone angle
Preload force applied to a bolt
Maximum bolt stress
% of max stress used by bolt preload
Tensile stiffness of a bolt shaft
Shear stiffness of a bolt head
Shear stiffness of a nut
Total stiffness of all bolts
Compressive stiffness of top flange in series with bottom flange
Shear stiffness of top flange in series with bottom flange
Total stiffness of all flange elements under all bolts
Ratio flange-to-bolt stiffness
total joint stiffness
Maximum allowable force on a bolt
Total force that can be applied to joint till joint preload is lost
Force added to each bolt preload force by Fleak
Total force on a bolt when the joint starts to leak
Force on joint at which bolts break
Preload stress in a bolt (based on thread root diameter)
Total stress in a bolt when joint begins to leak
% of max stress used by total bolt load
Fbreak/Fleak: resulting safety factor

 E flange
1

olt head

2
2h flange cos cone angle d bore

F preload k joint
k flange

1 ln 2
h flange

FEA results compared to analysis (60o stress cones)

Applied load (N)
4000
deflection under bolt head (mm)
0.002810
deflection from threaded region (mm)
0.002100
Total deflection (mm)
0.004910
Stiffness (N/mm)
814664
FEA/Analytical
0.86

Ref only
Joint stiffness
kj
10000
Dsc
23
Ascf
387
Abh
30
kjbh
304342
kjff
3874435

Joint stiffness pressure (N/mm/mm^2)

Diameter of stress cone at center of flange (joint)
Area of stress cone at flange joint
Area under bolt head
Joint stiffness under bolt head
Joint stiffness flange-to-flange