Auxiliary Verb( Tr ng t)

1. To be (is, am, are, was, were)

c coi l tr ng t khi trong th hin ti tip din, qu
kh tip din v b ng
- We are learning English now
- I was playing soccer at 5 pm yesterday
- This far was product last year
- This house was bought 10 years ago
2. To do( Cu hi, cu ph nh)
Do/does
- I do not like coffee
- She does not learn at this university
- Do you like coffee
- What do you like
Did
- Did you teach our yesterday
- Where did you go yesterday
- I did not stay home last Sunday
3. To have
Have/has(HTHT)
-I have learnt english for 10 years
-My mother have worked for this hospital for 5 years/since
2011
Had(QKHT)
-I had worked as an accountant for 5 years before I became
a teacher.
4. Modal Verb( ng t khuyt thiu) + V(bare)
Can/could
-Can you (show/tell) me How to get to the post office?
May/might__Kha nang co the xay ra dieu gi
-Can>May>Might
-Misht la qua khu cua May/Might
-May I go out?
Will
-I will wait for you.
-If I have free time, Ill visit you
-Will/Can you help me?
Should__Nen

-You should learn harder

-You shounldn smoke
Had better__Nen
-You had better learn hard
-You shouldn/had better not smoke
Used to__Da tung(bay gio ko con lam nua)
-I used to smoke When I was young
-I used to write her letters
I didnt use to write her letters
Ought to__Phai (mang tinh khuyen nhu # Have to)
-You ought to play sports more
-you ought to eat more vegetables
Must/have to__Phai
-You must prepare lesson before to class
-We have to wear helmets when we are on the road
Mustnt __ko dc phep __eg: You mustnt talk in class
Have to not__ko phai lam gi___eg: You dont have to go
to class Sunday
Would like
-I would like to go home
-Would you like some bear?
-Would like/love
-Would rather st+than+st____thich hon
-Would prefer to st to st_____thich hon
Should had + PII___Le ran en___eg: You should have
learnt harder

Subject and Verb Argreement ( Ch ng v

chia ng t)
1. S + [modifier/ b ng] + V
S + [phrase] + V

-The ranking list of the worlds top 50 universities

was in todays newspaper
-The office supplies to be used for the presentation
are kept in the second cabinet
S + [clause] +V
-The main reason why the new product failed
Antecedent/Menh de quan he
-Please make calls to the customers on the list who
have not visit our website since June
2. Lun lun chia theo ngi 3 s t [V3]
[every / each] + Ns + V3
[one of / each one of / either of / neither of ] + Ns + V3
[every / some / any / not] + [one / body / thing] + V3
Eg:
- Each manager is expected to hand in the progress
reports by this Friday
-Niether of director was told to attend the senimar
-Every body is waiting for the show to begin
What you told me was a great help
Distributing the agendes is Mr Adams job
To take pictures is strictly prohibited
Prices/weights/periods of time
-Six months is needed for the project
-50 kg is too thin for boys
-50 dollars is the money you owned me
Proper N
-Mr Adam has bla bla bla
Name of Subject__Ten mon hoc__ics
-econimics, politics, ethics, physics,.
3. Cu trc/idiomatic
The number of + Ns +V3
A number of
+ Ns + V3s
-The mumber of students in this class is too big
-A number
of students in this class are too big
Both A and B + V3s
-Both speak skill and read skill of him are bad
Either A of B/neither A nor B/not A but B/ not only A but
asloB

-Either his parents or he is not known about this things

-Either he or his parents are not known about this
things
A as well as B [cung nhu la]
-James as well as his two sons is going to Janpan this
summer

Conditionals__Cau dieu kien

1. Type 1: CDK c tht hin ti DO/Will
- [If / Should] It rains, I [will/can/may/might/should] stay
home.
2. Type 2: CDK ko c tht hin ti WERE/WOULD
-Were cho mi ngi
-o ng vi were c
+ If I were you, I would go out
+Were it rain, I would stay home
3. Type 3: CDK ko c tht qu kh HAD PII/WOULD HAVE
PII
-Lun o ng c
-If I had learnt harder, I would have passed the exam
-Had I learnt harder, I would have pass the exam
4. Type 0: Ci ny xy ra ci kia t xy ra
-HTD+HTD/ hay HTD+cau menh lenh
-If anyone phones, Let me know
-If she comes, tell her wait for me

Relative Clauses__Mnh quan h

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Who
Which: ng c sau gii t
Where: sau where l ch nh = For which
Why
When
Whom: ch ngi ng v tr tn ng,ko lm ch ng
trong cu, ng c sau gii t

7. Whose: mang ngha s hu, thay th tt s hu, sau whose

lun c danh t
8. That
-I love the man. I told you about him last time
..[who/whom] I told you about last time
.....about WHOM I told you last time
-There are three people. Two of them come from Vietnam
.,Two of WHOM come from Vietnam
-I love the boy. His mother is a teacher
...WHOSE mother is a teacher
-This is the shool. I learnt at this shool
.WHERE I learnt.
Dng lc bt ca MQH
S + MQH + be + Vchia S + Vchia
S + MQH + Vchia
S + Ving
-The book is cheap. It is written by Adam
The book which is written by Adam is cheap
The book written by Adam is cheap
-The boy is strong. He goes to the gym
The boy who goes to the gym is strong.
The boy going to the gym is strong.

3.

-We stayed at home, [For / because / as / since] It

rained
Tuy nhin
However, nevertheless, nonetheless + Clause
However cn c ngha l mc d

4. V th, do : therefore
Passive Voice__The bi dong
S + BE(been/ being/ be) +PII
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

HTD
QKD
TLD
HTHT
QKHT
HTTD
QKTD

S + is/am/are + PII
S + was/were +PII
S + will be + PII
S + have/has + been + PII
S + had + been + PII
S + is/am/are + being + PII
S + was/were + being + PII

Confunctions
1. Mc d
Although, eventhough, though + Clause / adj /
PII
-[ Although, eventhough, though] it rains,I went to
class
In spite of, Despite + Nphrase / Ving / N
-Despite her illness, she went to class
2. Bi v
Because, as, for, since + Clause
Because of, Due to
+ Ving, N, Nphrase
-[because / as / since] It rained, we stayed at home

Nouns

Lm ch ng
Lm tn ng(sau V)
She s attending a conference
now
Sau adj
Beautiful girl
Sau a, an, the, some, most, few
Sau gii t
We are interested in Korean
movie

Engdings of nouns

-tion(N ch vt) : Competion, operation

-ful: careful, useful, hopeful

-sion : impression, passion

-ent: intelligent,absent, present

-ment : development

-ing/ed

-ness : business

Interestinginterested

-ist(N ch ngi) : biologist, scientist

Depressingdepressed: chan nan

-er, or

Boringbored

-ian :technician, musician

Dissapontingdissapointed: that vong

-y(tn mn hc) : biology

Surrprisingsurrprised

-Ship(ch s vt tnh cht) : Friendship

Astonishingastonished: ngac nhien

-ce : confident(adj)confidence, absentabsence

Shocking shocked

-th (ng sau nhng t ch kch thc) :width, length, depth

Tiringtired

Adjective

Ing: ch bn cht su vt hin tng v con ngi

Sau to be
Trc N
Sau 1 s ng t: became, remain, look, keep

Ending of adjective
-tive: creative
-sive: Impressive, passive
-able/ible: able, possible
-al: economical, natural, historical
-ic: economic, historic
-less: careless, useless, hopeless

Ed: ch dng ch cm xc ca con ngi

+ The movie is boring so I am bored
Adverbs
-Recently: gan day
-Currently: hien tai
-Probably: co le
-extremely:that su la, cuck i
-previously: trouc do
-Originaly: nguyen goc, ban dau

-fluently: troi chay

-perfectly:hoan hao

u cu, ng c lp
- Luckily, I found my wallet
Trc hoc sau ng t thng
- He quickly left the party
- He left quickly the party
Trc tnh t hoc trng t
- He is extremely tall
- He drove extremely fast

Bi dong: be + adv + PII

TLD: Will + adv + Vbare
QKHT,HTHT: Had/have/had + adv + PII
TD: is/am/are/was/were + adv + Ving

Verbs

SOME NOTES
- On (my,their,his,..) own: mt mnh
- Left: li, b qun, ri i
+ I left a messenger for John
+ I left my bag on the bus
- By (the date, 7a.m,): mun nht l
-By, for: theo nh
- It is + adj (+ for sb) + to do st : ch ng gi
+ It is easy (for us) to learnt English
+ It is hard to get a job
-So + adj (often)
-Suck + Nph: (often)

u cu [Ving, to V, Vbare]
-Learning English is hard
-To learn English needs hardwork
-Cu mnh lnh, cu sai khin:
Open the door, please
Have sb do st : Have the receptionist call me before noon
Sau S
Sau 1 V khc
S + V1 + [Ving, to V, Vbare]
Sau gii t (Ving)

-This car is expensive and these ones are cheap

-Plant: thc vt, nh my
Thng dng
-Tea good be fine
-Tea is good/ better

ui:

-I want tea/ tea please!!

-ate: communicate

-Either would be fire (for me)=It doesnt master to me: Cai nao cx
dc

-ice: realice, modernice

-sify: diversify

-Neither, I want to orange juice: cha cai nao ca, toi muon nc cam
-Im not sure

-I havent decided yet

-No, go ahead : cu lam di

-Iam still thinking/considering(xem xet)

-That sound good/nice/great

-I can manage it: toi tu xoay so dc

-What/Its a good idea

-oh tks!! Thats very kind of you: ban that tot

-How/ What about going to the movies

-Would you mind open the door?

-Why dont we go to the cinema

-Would you mind if I open the door?

-Lets go to the cinema

-Will/ can / could you blab la??

-No proplem = Not at all