19/06/2016

Estado de Tensiones

Estado de Tensiones
Mtodo de Anderson

Mtodo de Arthaud
(eixo
inte rmed irio)

a)

(encurtamento)
Z

Gato Plano
(estiramen to)
X

a)

b)

bom ba
hidrulic a

b)

Plo de fa lha

obtur ador
para
impress o
~1,10 m

Win-Tensor

PLANO DE
MOVIMENTO

F
(e stria )

~1,20 m

intervalo do
fraturam ento
~0,90 m

PLO DO PL ANO
DE M OVIM ENTO

Pla no do mo vimento M
(falh
a)

bs sola
trans dutor
de presso

mangueir a
de press o

obturadores
N

c)
paredes
do fur o

Sobreperforacin

Fracturamiento
Hidrulico

(I)

(II)

(III)

Breakouts

RQD = (Vp,f/Vp,l)2 x 100 (%)

Deere et al., 1967

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PROPIEDADES DE INGENIERIA
1: Introduccion
2: Propiedades

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

V: DEFORMABILIDAD
5.1: Generalidades
5.2: En Roca Intacta
5.3: En Discontinuidades
5.4: En Macizo Rocoso
5.5: Factores que Influyen en la Deformabilidad
5.6: Medidas de la Deformabilidad
- En Laboratorio
- En Campo
- Correlaciones

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Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

5.1: Generalidades

E, , G, K,
En, Gt, Kn, Kt

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Deformacion:
Cambio en forma (expansion, contraccion, distorsion, etc)
Sucede como respuesta a una carga aplicada o a una descarga; tambien puede
deberse a la variacion de temperatura o en el contenido de humedad

Deformabilidad:
Facilidad con que una roca puede deformarse

Rigidez:
Resistencia para la deformacion

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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Cizallamento Puro y Simple - Teorema de la Deformacin Homognea

s1

Esquema de deformacin sensu latu completa, en que un objeto no

deformado se traslada y gira como cuerpo rgido, cambia de volumen y
cizalla ( Davis & Reynolds, 1996)

Otra forma de representacin de la equivalencia del cizallamiento

simple es la combinacin de un cizallamento puro + rotacin de cuerpo
rgido (Weijermars, 1997)

Simple shear

Pure shear

Deformacin heterognea en un pliegue, a partir de capas no

deformada horizontales. En comparacin macroscpica, la deformacin
heterognea es intensa. An, si consideramos un elemento del pliegue,
se ve que la deformacin es menor, casi homognea, en lo que se
concluye que la deformacin elemental de un objeto es siempre menor
que de la totalidad (Hobbs et al, 1976)

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19/06/2016

=
= long = l =

F
A
L
L

Recordando la T. de la Elasticidad
L

transv = t

Ley de Hooke:
Hooke:

Modulo de Young o de Elasticidad:

=E
E =

(MPa)

transv = t

Poisson:

(%)

(%)

t
l

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19/06/2016

Ley de Hooke Generalizado

Uniaxial:

=E

Cizalla:

=G

1 = 2 = 3 = = p

p
p

Triaxial Isolitostatico:

p =K e

p
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19/06/2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

5.2: En Roca Intacta

Modulo de
Confinamiento (D):

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

PRESENTACION GRAFICA

PRESENTACION GRAFICA

350

315

280

245

245
210

210

53

175
140

175

105
70

140

35
c = 16.4

105

70

140

210

280

70

35

35

70

105

140

175

Deformacin unitaria axial = L = L / L

Deformacin unitaria diametral = D = D / D

Mdulo Deformacin E

c (50%)
L

Relacin Poisson

D
L

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

E=/

= L / L
=/E

Estado de tension general

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Estado de tension principal

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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N es constante, con dilatacin permitida (fuerza controlada)

5.3: En Discontinuidades

No se permite la dilatacin (desplazamiento controlado)

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Rigidez normal (kn)

El comportamiento de la deformacion, esta dado por el
cierre de las discontinuidades, por tanto deben definirse
conceptos al respecto:
Rigidez normal (kn)
Rigidez tangencial (ks)

Kn = n / v

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

Testing for joint normal stiffness using intact and jointed test pieces
MPa/mm

Rigidez tangencial (ks)

Ks = / u
Testing for joint shear stiffness using intact and jointed test pieces

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

MPa/mm

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

5.4: En Macizo Rocoso

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

Continuo
Equivalente

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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5.5: Factores que Influyen en la Deformabilidad

Tamao de las actividades ingenieriles

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Profundidad de las actividades ingenierilesGeomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Tuneles poco profundos

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Tuneles poco profundos

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

Minas profundas

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Pozos profundos

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Minas profundas

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Pozos profundos

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

MALLA DE
ELEMENTO
FINITO PARA UNA
EXCAVACION
VETIFORME

ESFUERZO

DE

CONFINAMIENTO
ALREDEDOR
UN

TAJO

DE
SUB-

VERTICAL

(PHASES)

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

DIRECCION DE
LOS ESFUERZOS
DE
CONFINAMIENTO
(VECTOR
ESFUERZO)

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

NIVELES DE
DESPLAZAMIENTO

Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

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19/06/2016

DESPLAZAMIENTO
DEL MACIZO
ROCOSO
VECTOR
DESPLAZAMIENTO

Vista area de gran parte del crter de subsidencia de Mina El Teniente en Mayo del 2005, donde se
muestra la Pipa Braden y la posicin aproximada en planta de algunos sectores productivos. (M.
Aguilar, 2005)
Geomecanica, PMA, 2016

Parmetros asociados al fenmeno de Subsidencia. (C. Pardo, 2000)

Roseta formada a partir de argollas de convergencia en cajas y techo de una labor
subterrnea. (C. Valdivia, 1998)

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19/06/2016

Monitoreo de Tneles. (Katsuki, Yamija, 2003)

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