Tov, Emanuel. The Greek Minor Prophet Scroll From Nahal Hever

D ISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT V III
THE
GREEK MINOR PROPHETS SCROLL
F RO M NABAL BEVER
(8 f;1e vX II gr)
(THE SElyAL C OL LECT ION I )
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII
THE
GREEK MINOR PROPHETS SCROLL
FROM NAHAL
HEVER
(8BevXIIgr)
( THE SElyAL COLLECTION I)
BY
E MANUEL T OV
HE BR EW UNIVER SIT Y, J ERU S ALEM
WI TH THE C O L LA BO RA T I ON OF
R . A . KRAFT
AND A CO N T R IB U TI O N BY
P . J. PARSONS
C LARENDON P RESS , O XFOR D

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O:>.jord U niversity Press, Wa ltoll Street, Oxford O X2

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CONTEN T S
PREFAC E
by J.
STRlJGNELL
V ll
FOREWORD
IX
ABBREVIATION S A ND SIG LA
Xl
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British L ibra ry C ataloguillg in Publicatioll Data
T ov, E manuel
The ' Seivai' collect ion.
V ol. 1: T he Greek Minor P rophets scroll
f rom Na llal He~ 'er .
1. Greek S eptua!(inl . B ible. O. T. Critical studies
I . T itle 1/. Kraft , R . /I. . 1/1. Parso ns,
P .). I V. Series
22J. 4 '8
ISBN o-}(r 826327-<.J
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A. I NTRODU C TION
I. Archaeological
data and identification

2. Columns and measu rements
3. Content and scope
4. Special characteristics
a. Div ision into sense-units
b. Tetragrammaton
7
9
5. The two scribes/hands
12
6. Descript ion of the materials and their state of

preservation (by Robert A. Kraft)
7. The scripts and their date (by Peter J. Parsons)
14
BAN D
C . TR A NSCRI P TIO N S O F THE T E XT
19
27
D. NOT ES ON PA LA EO GRA PH Y A N D
IDE NT I F IC ATION
79
E. NOT E S ON T H E REC ONS T R UC TI O N S
83
F. T RA NS LATI ON TE CHN IQ U E,
O RT H OG R APH IC PECU LI ARI T IES A N D
TE X T UAL R EL A T I O N S
99
G. I N DEX
H,
i)
PLAT E S
159
I-XX
PREFACE
O N 8 September 1986, R. P. Pierre Benoit, OP, submitted to the competent authorities his
desire, on grounds of age and health, to resign from the post of editor-ill- chief of the series
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert. He had taken up that post in 197[, as successor to R. P.
Roland de Vaux, OP, at an age when most m en would be preparing for retirement, and has
led the project both through the substantial difficulties which followed the changes in the
political status of Jerusalem , and also through the publicat ion of two volumes of DJD,
together with several assorted books hors serie. He was not long to enjoy a well -earned
retirement; seven and a half months after resigning the editorship, on 23 April 1987, he died
in Jerusalem, and now rests among his teachers and colleagues in the cemetery of St
Stephen's Priory. As his successor, the body of editors nominated the under-signed; this
nomination was subsequently confirmed by the governmental authorities, who at that time
expressed a pressing hope for seeing a quicker rate of publication of the series in the future, a
hope which the new editor-in-chief shares, and will do his best to realize.
The present volume is the first to present the 'Seiyal' collection, which was also entrusted
to our editorial group; one more Seiyal volume will follow, to be edited by J.-T . Milik, E.
Puech and J. Schwarz. This collection was acquired in 1952- 4 by the Rockefeller (or, as it
was then called, Palestine) Archaeological Museum, from clandestine excavators who had
shown little respect for political frontiers. They told us that the provenance of these
document s was 'the Wadi Seiyal' and the collection was named accord ingly. L ater, in
1960-1, excavations in the same general region by the Expedition to the Judaean Desert
(directed by Professor Y. Yadin) found, in certain ofthe caves which they had recorded and
excavated, traces of p revious excavations, and sometimes even fragmen ts of written
material of which larger parts had earlier been brought to us as coming from ' Seiyal' .
Another group of scholars, under the auspices of the Shrine of the Book, are cu rrently
preparing for publication the written material found by the Expedition to t he J udaean
Desert, and the two editorial groups try to work in co-ordination . For most of t he collect ion
in our second Seiyal volume the cave of provenance cannot be identifi ed any more precisely
than 'Seiyal', and we must use that name and abbreviation (Se) for m anuscrip ts in that
collection , not intending provenance from a specific wadi or cave. Sometimes, however,
later discoveries have made more precise localizations possible. Thus the present scroll of
the Minor Prophets in Greek, NO. 2 in the 'Seiyal' collection (as it were, Se2grX II ), has
been reunited with some other fragment s of it which came from cave 8 in N abal Bever
(8I::levXIIgr), excavated by Y. Aharoni in [961, and published preliminarily by B. Lifshitz.
Since for this manuscript the true provenance of all the fragments is known , we suggest
using a common siglum for all the fragmen ts: 8BevXIIgr.
T he scroll published here, containing large parts of the Minor P rophets in an early
revision of the Septuagint version , was published in part in a prelim inary fash ion , and
discussed at length, by R. P. Dominique Barthelemy , OP, of F ribourg. It had b een ex pected
that the same author would produce the full edition too; but as he became mo re and more
pressed by other obligations, he turned to another Septuagint specialist, Professor Eman uel
VUI
PREFA CE
Tov of the H ebrew University in Jerusalem, inviting him to take over his own place as
editor. The resultant edition will be, I hope, as welcome to Septuagint scholars as it is to the
editor-in-chief.
The reader may notice slight typographical differences from the conventions of earlier
volumes; these are due to the fact that this is the first volume in DJD to be typeset on a
phototypesetter at the Oxford University Computing Service, from an electronic copy of
the text prepared by Professor Tov.
Jerusalem, June I9 87
JOHN STRUGNELL
editor-in-chiej
FOREWORD
SCHOLARS will always associate the name of R. P. Dominique Barthelemy, O P , of

Fribourg with the Minor Prophets scroll because of h is masterly treatment of its contents in
Devanciers (see below), a book which in many ways has revolutionized scholarship. That
monograph also presented the preliminary transcription of the scroll (R), t hough not in the
form of an edition in the usual sense of the word. Barthelemy had, howeve r, done a
substantial amount of work towards such an edition, mainly a first attempt to reconstruct
the incomplete lines. This work was discontinued because of other obligations, and when
Barthelemy asked me in 1982 to prepare the present edition, he kindly placed these not es at
my disposal.
R ealizing that the reconstruction of the complete t ext, or at least of the partially preserved
lines , required a full study of the translation technique, orthography and textual status of
the preserved sections, I made this my first assignment after the decipherment of the
fr agments. In this matter I was ably assisted by P. Lippi and G. Marqu is. F or this purpose
each individual word of MT (Masoretic Text) was aligned in a computer file w ith the
corresponding equivalents of the L XX ('Old Greek ') and R (Revision) , accompanied by
sigla designating categories r elevant for the analysis . The complete reconstruction of the
partially preserved lines (section C of this book) was facilitated by this anal ysis (section F)
and is documented by the notes in section E.
Study of the other im portant aspects of the scroll w as commenced at the University of
Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in cooperat ion with R. A . Kraft during ajoint seminar o n R in
1985-6. It is he who init iated a computer-assisted analysis of the column structure and of
the exact location of the fragments such as presented in sections Band C. For this purpose
the text of t he Minor Prophets w as roughly restructured according to the expected
translation technique and vocabulary of R so as to facilitate the correct representation of
these fragments within the column structure. This was linked with calculations , also
provided by the computer, of the line length and column size of va rious columns (see section
G). A mockup of the whole scroll prepared by R . A. Kraft fonned the basis for the plates
presented here. T he co m puter could not prevent mistakes since incorrectly encoded data
produce faulty results, but the very use of computer-assisted research ena b led calculations
and an analysis of t he contents which otherwise would have been very difficult .
Furthermore, other computer programs facilitated t he identification of several small
fragments (see sections AI, D) . As a result , the contributions by R. A. Kraft are much felt in
sections B, C and G . H e also wrote section A6 and his remarks on A I-5 are gratefully
acknowledged.
The following participants in the University of Pennsylvania seminar helped with t he
reconstruction of the sections between the preserved fragments (not represented here , but
facilitating the placing of these fragments) and with the analysis of several characteristics of
the scroll : Dr. J. R. Aberc rombi e, D. Brueggemann, L. Cohick , D . McCartn ey , J. Z . Pastis,
F. W at son, B. Wright III. At the H ebrew University, Miss H enson and M rs . S. Ory
assisted me in verifying d etails and D r. W. F ields in the research leading to T ables 3-8 in
FOREWORD
section AI . Prof. A. Shisha-Halevi kindly read section FI2. Dr. P. Parsons of Christ
C hurch, Oxford, kindly agreed to add a much needed section on palaeography.
Much help was received from the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums
(lDAM) enabling m e to locate and study the fragments in the Rockefeller Museum . I
gratefully acknowledge the help provided by Mrs. A. Sussmann , head of publications, and
Mr. M. Broshi, director of the Shrine of the Book. Most of the photographs present ed in the
plate section at the end of this book were made in the 1950$ when the main portion of the
scroll was found, but severa] new ones were made by Mrs. Z. Sagiv of the IDAM. She also
managed to prepare for the plates good prints from the old (glass) negatives .
Thanks are also extended for the efforts of the editors at Oxford University Press, first Mr
J. Cordy and then A. Ashby, and of the designer, Ms J. Tydeman, in producing this
complicated work.
Since the contents of the various sections of this work existed in electronic form, it seemed
logical that they should be typeset directly from the elect ronic files. It was soon realized that
this process required more preparation than expected, and it is due to the able assistance of
Mrs C. Griffin and Mrs J. Burnell-Higgs of the Oxford University Computing Service, and
Mr S. Cope, that the present book has been successfully produced from those computer
files .
It has been a great pleasure to work with the general editor of the series , J. Strugnell, who
has done much more than is required from an editor. He was a source of constant
encouragement and guidance during the final stages of this enterprise, and knowledgeable
in so many areas, he added many a remark and found many an inconsistency and incorrect
notation.
I d edicate this book to my dear wife Lika who designed the form of the tetragrammaton
used in this volume, although she would have preferred to offer a more artistic contribution.
EMANUE L T OV
Jerusalem, September I9 B7
A few er rors have been co rrected in th e second prin ting , Some of t hese have been poin ted out
by th e fol lowing re"iews a nd review articles: E, Puech , "Les fra g m ents no n identifies de
8KhXlIgr et Ie manuscrit grcc des Douze Petits P rophe tes" , RB 98 (1991 ) 161-<); idem , " :'\iotes
cn m a rge de 8KhXllgr", RQ 15 (1992) 583--<)3; A, van der Kooi j , Bibliotheca Orielltalis .. 9 (1992)
23 2 - 5; 0, Nlunnich, ThLZ 117 (199 2) S87-{)1.
D I.-\:-'; l 'EL TOY
Oxford , S eptember 1994
ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGLA
THE following abbreviations are used for the biblical books:

Ho
Hosea
Joel
Am Amos
Ob O b adiah
Jo Jonah
Mi Micah
Na Nahum
H a H abakkuk
Zp Zephaniah
Hg Haggai
Z a Zechariah
Ma Malachi
11
F urther
LXX
MT
R
ab breviat ions:
Septuagin t (, Old Greek')
Masoretic Text
R(evision)- the text contained in the present scroll
The following sigla are used in the text:

the margin as preserved (upper, lower, right or left)
a_f3 uninscribed space as preser ved b etween letters
" indicates (part of) word which has not been reconstructed
ind icates parts of letters visible on the leather,
where n o reconstruction is attempted
? indicates room for eith er a single letter or a space
C!unidentified lette r
aa difference between R and the LXX (edition of Ziegler)
A. I NTRODUCTION
I.
Archaeological D ata and Identification
THE archaeological facts about the discovery of the scroll (Se2grXI I , now identified with
8BevXllgr [Rahlfs: 943]) in 1952 and 1961 have been d escribed in d etail by D. Barthelemy
in the preliminary publication , Les devanciers d' A quila , SVT 10 (1963) [henceforth =
Bar th.] and Y. Aharoni, 'Expedition B- The Cave of Horror', IE] 12 (1962) 186-99 and id. ,
'The Caves of Nabal Bever' , Atiqot 3 (1961) 158 (map) [henceforth: Aharoni). At first the
exact location of the find w as unknown , but subsequent excavations in the ' C ave of H orror'
in Nal)all:lever (Wadi Babra) brought to li ght a few scraps of the same scroll, togeth er with
other documents and artifacts, so that the place of origin of the sc roll is now known . In th e
catalogue of the R ockefeller Museum the bulk of our m anuscript is designated as coming
from W adi S eiyal on plates 528- 32, 535, 537-9A (photographs PAM 4 0 . 2 39- 40 , 40. 559-74,
4 1. 690, 4 I. 690A and IDAM 200.296-7, 204.601 - 3). For exact details see p lates I-XX,
presented here through the courtesy of the Israel Dept. of Antiquities and Museums.
We suggest that for all fragments scholars use the siglum 8I:IevXIIgr.
The preliminary pub licat ion by Barth. contains a running text of the main section of the
scroll, wi th several fragments unidentified, and without the usual apparatus for critical
ed itions. This preliminary publication includes only two plates, representing fragmen ts
from different columns (mainly cols 18 and BI-2). Barth .'s earlier article ('Redecouver te
d ' un chainon man quant d e l'histoire d e la Septante', RB 60 [1953] 18-29) contained another
plate (col 17), also rep roduced in J. Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls (Harmondsworth 1956
[Pen guin)) op p. p. 105 .
The small fragments foun d in Nal)al I:Iever we re pu blished (wit h accompanying
photograp hs), prior to the app earance of Devanciers , by B. Lifshitz, ' The Greek Documents
from the C ave of Hor ror ' , IEJ 12 (1962) 201 - 7 = Yediot 26 (1962) 183- 90 (published
separately as TheJudean Desert Caves, Archaeological Survey I96 I [Jerusalem 1962] 183-<)0
[H ebrew]). The plate published with the H ebrew article (and its reprint) is of better quality
than the one accompanyin g the IEJ article.
The m ajor lot discussed by Barth. contains large and small sections of the following
books: 10, Mi , Na, Ha, Zp and Za. Nine small fragments were ascribed by Lifshitz to these
books: Ho , Am, jl , Jo, Na, and Za. If these identifications are correct, they would be rather
important since we would then have proof that the scroll contained also the books of Ho, Am
and 11, all occurring at the beginning of the Minor Prophets. H owever , some of Lifshitz 's
identifications are problematic. For example, fragm. 6 was ascribed by him to a section also
contained in Barth.'s large lot (Na 2:8- 9 [see note in D on col 3 n. rO-1 r D. Sin ce the same
passage in Na would then be represented twice, we would in fact have two different scrolls
written in the same hand responsible for the bulk of the material-a very unlikely situation.
By the same token it is not very likely that the only remains of what originally would have
constituted 27t columns of Ho , Am and Jl would be one small fragment for each book.
Barth. 168, n. 9 expressed doubts on these identifications and suggested some alternatives.
All of these are accep table and two new ones are added (see Table I).
For some of these fragments see the notes in D. Fragments 3 and 5 contain small segments
of col 13 otherwise not preserved. All other fragments can easily be attributed to the fringes
of the large fragments brought to Barth. in the Ecole Biblique (note that fragments 2 , 4 and 6
belong to the same col). This situation can be supported by what is known about the
discovery. In all likelihood small pieces could easily have broken off from the main segments
of the scroll when they were found in the cave. Cf. the observation of Barth. 163 that parts of
col 18 (his col 13) had been kept by a bedouin under the lining of his keffiyeh, a situation
which, in his words, did nothing to increase the legibility of the fragments!
2.
Columns and Measuremen ts
The size, shape and number of the columns can be reconstructed with some degree of
confidence from the preserved data.
The lower part of the scroll has been preserved more fully than the top. For col 8 parts of
all four margins are visible, while for most other column s portions of only t he right or left
margins have been preserved together with the lower margin . Preserved margins are
indicated by " in t he transcription (see Table 2).
These data together with the full reconstruction of the text enable us to determine the size
of the individual columns of the scroll.
The number of lines in each column written in hand A seems to have b een relatively
stable, with 42 lines p robable for m ost columns (thus tract. Sopherim 2:5). Although for no
column have portions of all the lines been preserved , the combined evidence suggests that
42 lines per colu mn is well sup ported for those colum ns t hat can be reconstructed with
confiden ce, with the exception of cols 3 (44) and 4 (45). Col 18 originally contained 42 lines
as well, but the last line has been erased, probably in order to start the new section (Ha 3: I) at
the beginning of a new column. The column th at can be reconstructed with confidence from
hand B (B I) contains only 33 lines. For hand B, however, the letters themselves are larger
and wider spaced, so that fewer letters and lines occupy the same physical space as used by
h an d A. The result is that the dimensions of the blocks of writing are the same for hands A
and B (see T able 3).
T he absolute figures- based on the extant and reconstructed portions-are shown in
T able 3 (since the measurements of the reconstructed portions are based on the extant ones
TABLE 1:
I dentification of the small fragments
Lifshitz No
Lifshitz
Barthelemy
Our identification
Fragm . I
Fragm. 2
Fragm 3
F ragm 4
Fragm 5
F ragm.6
Fragm7
F ragm. 8
Fragm.9
H o 2:8
Am 1.5
JII:14
Jo 3:2- 5
Na 1:9
Na 3:13
?
N a 1:14
Jo 3:4-5
Na2:~
Za 3: r-2
Za 4:8- 9
Za 8:21
Na I: 13-14
?
Na 3:3
Za 2:11 -12
A . INTRODUCTION
DISCOVERIES IN T HE JUDAEAN DESERT V III
Jo 3:3
and since these are unequal due to shrinkage of the leather, there are slight differences
between the various columns).
In the calculation of the number of lines per column, spaces between the individual books
of the Minor Prophets are taken into consideration. Before the beginning of Mi six such
blank lines have been preserved (for the practice, see B.T. Baba Batra 13 b [referring to
three lines]) and Mur XII (three lines) and similar breaks (three-four lines) are
reconstructed before the beginning of all other books. It is not known whether a short title
was written in these spaces.
In d escribing the width of the columns, two factors are taken into consideration; fi rst of all
the internal consistency of the scribe with regard to the evenness of the right and left
margins of each column, and secondly the consistency (o r lack of it) concerning the relative
widths of the various columns of writing.
Each scribe was more or less consistent regarding the length of the lines in each column.
The fragments by hand B show th e use of a rulin g device fo r the side margins as well as for
TABLE 2:
left margin
Jo [1 ](not preserved )
2
3
Mi
4
5
6
7
8
9
[10]
[ Il ]
Na [ 12]
13
14
15
H a 16
17
18
19
Zp 20
21
22
23
[24]
[Hg] [25]
[26]
[27]
Za 28
29
30
31
BI
B2
x
x
x
x
Preservation of Margins
right margin
lower m argin
x
x
x
x
upper margm
x
x
x
x
(x)
x
A. INTRODUCTION
3: Height of relatively well-preserved coLumns (in cm )
TABLE
col
extant
reconstr.
2
3
4
8
14
15
.6
17
18
19
20
30
31
BI
B2
12 .0
15 7
155
15 5
14. 1
197
135
21.6
195
11.8
11.5
12.6
14 .8
134
13 2
144
12.0
124
11.6
13-4
7.6
35
5 .2
7 5
15.0
15 4
13 -4
11.7
133
13 0
total
264
277 (44 lines)
27 9 (4 5 lines)
27. I
27 5
273
27 .0
26.8
2 7 .0 (last line erased, see pI. XVIII )

26.8
269
26.0
265
267
26.2
the top (and b ottom ?) margin. Hand B thus has very even right margins (based on II
preserved lines in col B I), and there is no evidence that hand B used letters extending into
the left m argin. Hand A does not seem to have used r uled margins, but the left margin is
more or less straight except for some lines in which a capital letter indicating the beginning
of a new section protrudes into the left margin. The right margin of han d A consists of a
relatively straight line, with a deviation of up to two letters on either side, and rarely a few
more.
T here is less consistency, however, regarding the relative width of the writing in t he
various columns for hand A, w ith some columns considerably w ider o r narrow er than the
average. The measurements assume the average location for t he r ight-hand margin, relative
to the actual line ends preserved (see Tab le 4).
A nothe r system of measuring is based on counting the letters and spaces on each li ne,
which is the usual practice in the study of ancient documents. I n spite of the differences in
width b etween the letters, t he average number of letters per line in each column gives a good
T ABLE
4: Width of relatively well-preserved columns (in cm )
Col
extant
reconstr.
total
Col
extant
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
14
16
17
95
97
6.2
8.1
8 3
83
6.2
8 .8
9 .2
9.I
2.0
0.2
3 5
0 .2
05
0.2
2.6
0 .1
1 I.5
99
9 7
83
8.8
8 5
8 .8
89
92
9. I
18
19
20
22
23
28
31
'.5- 8
Bl
B2
85
8.1
8 .0
5. 6
6 5
5. 6
39
6.6
reconstr.
0 4
3J
1.4
29
50
25
total
7 5-8
85
85
8.0
8 7
7 9
85
89
9. 1
indication of the relative widths. These data are provided under the published text in
section B. The average number refers only to lines of which at least one letter (or part of the
margin) has been preserved (see Table 5).
These data show that there are cons iderable differences in width between the various
coLumns of hand A, even within the material relating to a single book . Thus, Jo is written in
wide columns, with an average of respectively 43 and 4 1 letters. At the same time, the n ext
book, Mi, is written in narrower columns, with respectively 38, 34, 35,33,33,3 I, [33] , [33]
letters. The other books vary likewise: Na [33],35,3 2, 33; Ha 34, 35,28,29; Zp 30 , 31 , 29 .
29, [30], and Za 29, 30 , 32, 33
M ost columns written by hand A thus h ave an average of 30 to 35 letters, with wider
columns in the early books Jo and Mi and narrower ones in the later books Ha, Zp and Z a. In
p rinciple these differences could be attributed to the physical limitations of the individual
sheets of leather composing the scroll, but we have no firm evidence on this matter. F o r
example , when space would begin to run out on one of the sheets of which the scroll is
composed, t he scribe m ight decide to use the remaining space either for two narrow
columns or one wide one. However, this hypot hesis cannot be tested since with one
exception it is not known w h ere the sheets were joined . Joining by sewin g is wel1 attested in
antiquity, as in most Qumran scrolls and in our hand B (see add itional fragment 6 [plate
X X]); but the colum ns w ritten by h and A seem to have been join ed with some kind of
adhesive (see t h e ma rgin bet w een cols 17 and 18). Ap parently this system is not know n from
Qumran, and is otherw ise rejected by the first of the q uoted authorities in the tract.
S opherim
2: I I.
TABLE
5: Average number of letters for the preserved lines in each column
and reconstructed number of lines

reconstructed
no. of II.
no . of letters
(preserved n.)
Col
I.
2.
3
4
5
6.
7
8.
9
10.
II.
12.
13
14
15
16 .
17
18.
19
20.
[no evid)
4 2.88
41. 00
3 8 .00
34 .0 0
34 . 8 3
33.4 1
32.84
31. 3 6
[3349]
[32.90]
[3 3. 12]
35. 00
32 .2 5
33. 16
337 1
34 87
2753
29 .00
3 0 .33
Jo
Mi
Na
Ha
Zp
((42]]
42
44
45
[42]
42
42
42
[4 2]
((4 2]]
[[4 2]]
[[42]]
[4 2 ]
[42]
[4 2 ]
42
42
42
42
42
no . of letters
(preserved II.)
Col
21.
22.
23
24
25
26.
27
28.
29
30 .
31.
32.
33
34
35
36 .
37
BI.
B2.
31.3 8
29. 2 5
2871
[3 0 . 12]
[no evid]
[no evid]
[no ev id]
29 10
30 . 2 5
3 2 .50
33 .3 2
[no evid]
[no evid]
[no evid]
[no ev id]
[no evid)
[no evid]
21 .88
24. 0 5
reconstructed
no . of 11.
[Hg]
Za
42
42
42
[[4 2 ]]
[[4 2 ]]
[[42]]
[[4 2 ]]
42
42
42
42
[[4 2 ]]
[[4 2 ]]
[[4 2 ]]
[[4 2 ]]
[[4 2 ]]
[[4 2 ]]
[33]
[[3 3]]
A . IN T RODUCTION
With hand A, the last two columns leading up to the join between columns 17 and 18 do
not differ from the other columns that immediately preceded, but the next two columns,
constituting the first columns of the next sheet (I 8, 19) are distinctly narrower than the other
cols, having an average respectively of 27.53 and 29.00 letters. The margins between 17
columns have been preserved, and in one pLace several continuous columns with margins
are present (columns 16 to 22). However, these margins do not provide any clue to
understanding the differing widths of the columns. Such a clue m ay come from the one
place where we know with certainty that two sheets were joined, that is, between cols 17 and
18. Note that cols 13 to 17, which certainly were written on the same sheet, have an average
of 32- 35 letters, while columns 18 to 22, written on a different sheet, were narrower, with an
average of 28-3 1 letters. At the same time the presumably different sheet containing Jo and
the beginning ofMi bas an average of 38-43 letters (cols 2- 4), while what may have been the
next sheet, containing the remainder of Mi (cols 5-<), averaged 31- 35 letters. While a more
thorough study of the relevant material in the Qumran scrolls is in order, a study of some
large scrolls shows that the columns often differ much from each other, though within each
sheet a certain consistency is visible (see especially IQS, I QIsQ and IIQTemple),
presumably because each individual sheet was ru led at the start into roughly equal-width
columns.
The measurements of the margins between the columns, and of top and bottom margins,
when preserved, are as follows.
These partial data allow us to reconstruct the height of the leather as 35.2 cm for hand A
(4.4 em for the top margin, 27 cm for the average col [see Table 3] and 3.8 cm for the bottom
margin). Similar data cannot be reconstructed with complete confidence for hand B,
although the top margin of col B2 is 4.2 cm and col BI is about 26.7 cm high (no bottom
margin is preserved).
TABLE
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
2-3
3-4
fr-7
7- 8
6: Margins between columns

col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.1
[. 5
1.4
1.8
8--9
14- 15
1fr-17
17- 18
TABLE
col 5
col 8
col 13
3.4 (slightly ragged)
4. 0
2
3
4
6
7
17
18
[9-20
20--21
21-22
22- 23
28--29
30--31
BI-B2
1.1
1.6- 1.8
1.4
1.4
1.4
23
I.Z
1. 7-1.9
7: Top margins
col 14
col S2
4 .5 (complete)
4. 2 (complete)
4.5 (complete)
T ABLE
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
18- 19
3.5 (ragged)
3.4 (ragged)
3 .0
3 .1 (ragged)
3. [ (ragged)
3. 5 (ragged)
35
8: Bottom margins
col
col
col
col
col
col
[9
20
22
23
28
3I
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.7
35
(complete)
(complete)
(ragged)
(ragged)
(ragged)
3. Content and Scope

F or the sake of simplicity, the following discussion assumes that we are d ealing with a single
manuscript written in two different hands. The evidence for and problems with such a
hypothesis are d iscussed in A5.
Major and minor portions of 25 (or 26---see additional fragment 6 [plate XX)) columns
have been preserved from Jo, Mi , Na, Ha, Zp and Za. Together with the recon structed
sections these books comprised 55 columns according to the reconstruction shown in Table
9 (double square brackets denote columns for which no d ata have been preserved, w h ile data
within single brackets refer to columns which h ave been partially preserved, lacki ng at least
the top or bottom line) (see Table 10).
Adding the numbers for the individual books (see Table 10) we reconstruct 331 colu mns
for hand A covering the following books: Jo, Mi, Na, H a, Zp and Za. To these we add 3
columns for Hg between Zp and Za, even though no fragment of that book has been
preserved. Altogether, for hand A 37 columns are calculated, to which 18 columns are added
for hand B. T his brings the tentative calculation of the scroll to at least 55 co lumns. This
calculation is based on the assumption that scribe B started to write exactly in the first
column preserved in his handwriting, that is in Za 8. This assumption is made for the sake of
convenience only, for if we assume that scribe B started with the first column after the last
preserved fragment of han d A , we would have to add to the calculation another 31 cols
TABL E 9:
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
(I]
Z
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[10)
[I I]
[I Z]
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
zo
Reconstructed content of the scroll (Jo-Za )
[[ ? ))-Jo ([1.5)]
[ I .s]-z7a
Jo [Z7 b )- 4 Sa
Jo [4Sb]-Mi 1.7a
Mi I .7b-[Z .7]
Mi z .7- 3.6a
Mi [).6b)- 4. S
M i 4.6-S.4(s )a
Mi S. 4(S )b-[6.4)
Mi [[6 .S-7.z]]
Mi [(7.2- 7.14)]
Mi [(7. 14]]- Na [[1.5)]
Na [I .S]-[z.sa]
Na Z.5b- [3.4]
Na [3. 4]- [3.18]
Na [3 .1 8]-Ha LI la
Ha [I.I Ib]-z.8a
Ha [ z.8b]--z.zo
Ha [3.1 ]- 3. I Sa
Ha [3. ISb]-Zp 1.6a
Jo
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
ZI
Z2
23
[24]
[zs]
[z6)
[z7)
z8
29
30
3I
[3Z)
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
BI
Bz
[B3- 18]
Zp [1. 6b]-I.I 8a
Zp [ I.ISb]- 2.10
Zp [z . 11 ]-3 7
Zp [[3.8- 3.19]]
Zp [[3 . 19)]- [[Hg (start)]
[[Hg)]
[[Hg])
[Hag (end)-Za 1.4a
Za [1.4b ]- (J.ls a)
Za [l.I s b]- 2.Iz(8)a
Z a [z.Iz(8)b]-3.7a
[[Za 3.7b-4 .10))
[[Za 4 .10--5.9]]
[[Za 5.9- 6.lz]]
[[Za 6.12- 7 .10]]
rrZa 7. 10- 8.8]]
[[Za 8.8- 8. I 8)]
Za [8 .18]- 8.Z3<1
Za 8. z 3b-[9.7]
[rZa 98- end]]
A. INTRODUCTION
between chaps. 3 and 8 since the columns of hand B contain less text. This asswnption may
well be correct ifthe identification of additional fragm ent 6 (Za 4 :7-8?) in the handwriting of
scribe B is stable.
[In the reconstruction the sequence Jo-Mi is sound since the fragments containing col 3
(end of Jo) and 4 (beginning of Mi) make a convincing join (see plates I , III, IV). The
fragment containing col 4 also contains two letters of the ends of lines of col 3 (epsilon on I.
25 and eta on 1. 33).]
The sequence of the books follows that of MT and not of the LXX.
[In the case ofHg we are relatively confident that the book was contained between Zp and
Za in the original scroll, since without it the structure of the scroll becomes more
problematic. If Hg did not follow Zp in th e scroll, Zp would be followed immediately by Za;

in that case the join b etween the end of Zp and the start of Za would be unusually cramped.]
Size-The material w r itten by hand A probably did not begin with Jo because in that
event 10 would start h alf way down the 'first' reconstructed column, which suggests that it
must have been preceded by at least one other book. If, as seems possible , the scroll
contained all the M inor Prophets, it would have required another 7 columns for JI and Ob
and another 22 for Ho and Am, that is, altogether 66 columns for hand A to the point where
h and B is preserved.
The material from where h and B begins would cover 18 columns for Za and 7 for Ma,
totalling 25 columns. Thus a complete scroll of the Minor Prophets in this fo rmat (hand A
p lus hand B) would have contained at least 9 1 columns. Furthermore, if the section b etween
the last column of hand A and the first one of hand B was all written by hand B, and not by
h and A, another 31 columns m ust be added to t his calculation, that is, 941 columns
altogether. Alternatively, if hand B wrote only 3 columns, that is, if these were a mere
' p atch'- like in the H ebrew 4QDeut" ['All Souls']- the reconstructed total length could be
80 columns. Note that if h and B was a patch, add itional fragment 6 must have come at the
end of the patch, to be sewn on to whatever fo llowed.
Returning now to the width of the preserved columns, the len gth of the scroll can be
calculated on the basis of the assumption that it contained all the books of t he M inor
Prophets. The data provided in T ables 4 and 6 point to an average of 8 .9 cm for each column
(based on 17 columns totalling 151 cm) and to an av erag~ of 1.7 cm fo r the margins between
t he columns. T he average column with margin is thus 10.6 cm w h ich w ould yield a scroll of
either 9.64 m eters (based on 91 columns) or 10.07 meters (based on 95 columns ). Such a
scroll-would be longer than any p ublished Qumran scroil. T he longest preserved scrolls
from Qumran (in Hebrew!) are IQIsa (7.34 meters) and I I QTemple (8. 148 meters, but
reconstructed to a full length of at least 8.75 meters). To assume a length of 10 meters for the
Minor Prop hets scroll is thus unusual but p erhaps not impossible.
TABLE 10;
Calculation of the columns by book
Rand A
Jo
t
remains of
Mi
rem ains of
next
t
sf
2t
t
Na
remains of 3
Ha
remains of 4
Zp
remains of
Za
remains of
3t
It
31
first col reconstructed (beginning)

co Is preserved
last col reconstructed (end)
cols preserved
eols r econstructed
col reconstructed (beginn ing)
cols preserved
col reconstructed (end)
cols preserved
col reco nstructed (end)
eols p reserved (beginning)
cols r econstructed (en d)
cols preserved
eols reconstruct ed
RondB
remains of
,6
eols preserved
cols reconstructed (?)
unidentified fragment preserved (additional fragment 6)
4. Special Characteristics
TABLE II:
Order of books in the Hebrew and Greek (MSS ABS ; MS V resembles MT) tradition
compared with the contents of the scroll
Hebrew
preserved books of scroll
Ho
Jl
xx
Am
XX
Mi
Na
Ha
Zp
Hg
Za
Ma
)(.,'(
Ob
xx
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
[XX]
Ho
Am
Mi
JI
Ob
Jo
Greek
[XX]
Jo
Na
Ha
Zp
Hg
Za
Ma
4a. Division into Sense- Units

The text of the scroll has been s u bdivided into paragr aphs with both m ino r and major
breaks, as observed b y Barth . 166 and J. M . Oesch , Petucha und Setuma Untersuchungen zu
einer iiherlieferten Gliederung im hebraischen T ext des A lten T estament , OBO 27
(Freibur g-G ot t ingen 1979) 303---<). W hat has not been observed b y these scholars is that the
scroll co ntai ns also a d ivision into 'verses' and that in all th ree d ivisions the scroll agrees to a
great extent w ith the M asoretic t radition, not only regarding the system of sub dividing the
text, but also regar ding t he location of the divisions themselves. On the other hand, this fact
had been recognized b y E. J. R evell on t he basis of published photographs: 'The Oldest
Evidence for the Heb rew Accent System' , BJRL 54 (1971 - 2) 214-22. R evell goes much
further, since he id entifies in the sCioll a division into hemistichs and the beginning of the
accent system later found in M T. T his view has b een further developed by Revell on the
basis of photographs of the complete scroll in ' Biblical Punctuation and Chant in t he Second
Temple Period', JSY 7 (1976) 181 - 98.
The Minor Prophets scroll reflects the fram ework and content of the M asoretic system of
J
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIlJ
A. INTROD UC TION
subdivisions which distinguishes between 'open' sections, in which the remainder of the
line is left blank after the last word, and 'closed' sections, in which a given number of spaces
is left between sections. Most of the open and closed sections in the scroll agree with similar
indications in MT, although in some instances an open section of the scroll agrees with a
closed section of MT or vice versa: see Table 12.
[In addition, the 'paragraphos' sign occurs in the following places at the beginning of a
prophecy or prayer (as in certain Greek papyri in which it indicates the beginning of direct
speech): Jo 4:2, Mi 1:5, Zp 1:2, Za I: 14, 2:17,3:7. (The intention of the paragraphos in Za
I: 13 is not clear.) In all these instances a closed section is reconstructed or preserved (Mi
1:5)]
In the scroll, the indication of open section s is consistently combined with two scribal
practices. All open sections are indicated by large letters at the beginning of the next line,
protruding into the margin. Furthermore, a horizontal line-'paragraphos'- between the
lines indicates the same phenomenon. T his mark occurs either below or above the line in
which the open section occurs. (Often the beginnings of the lines where the paragraphos
would have stood have not been preserved. Such instances have been noted in Table 12 as
'[?]'.) Note further that the use of the paragraphos for new sections is also known from m any
Hebrew non-bibHcal scrolls from Qumran (IQS, 1Q S"b I QMyst (27), IQp Hab,
4Q502-504, 509, 512), from the Aramaic 4QTestLev" as well as from secular Greek and
Aramaic documents from the hellenistic period. In IQIs" the paragraphos is used 70 times
(mainly for open sections, but also for closed sections and 'indentations' [see Y. Maori,
T extus 10 (1982) N-3, esp. T]). For secular Greek documents and literary texts, see the
material collected by E. G. Turner, Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World (O xford 1971)
JO, 15 = 2nd ed. (London 1987) 8, 12f. Furthermore, the system of our scroll resembles that
of PFouad 266 in which closed and open sections are indicated with the paragraphos sign
see F. Dunand, Papyrusgrecs bibliques ( Papyrus F. I nv. 266) (Cairo 1966) and id., Etudes de
Papyrologie 9 (197 1) 81 - 150; Z. A ly, Three Rolls of the Early Septuagint: Genesis and
Deuteronomy (Bonn 1980)-as well as that of 4QLXXLe~ (see P . W . Skehan, SVT 4 ( 1957)
159). For a detailed discussion, see Oesch, op. cit. 206--3 I.
The second convention used in connection with open sections is that of enlarged initial
letters which we would caU capitals, often p rotruding to t he left of the m argin . This system,
otherwise known only from Greek papyri of documentary texts and Christian sources, has
been described in detail by C . H . Roberts, Manuscript, Society and Beliefin Early Christian
Egypt (Oxford 1979) 16--1 8. T he presence of these capitals is indicated in T able 12.
[In addition, other 'capital' letters are found at the beginnin g of some 'verses'. after short
spaces, and often elsewhere such as the first letter of a book (see M i I : I) or a line (the latter
can b e disregarded for our purpose): Jo 2:6 (middle of v.), 4:1 (beginning), M i 5:1 (2)
(middle) , 5:4(5) (middle), N a 3:16 (beginning), H a 1:15 (middle), 1:16 (beginning), 1:17
(beginning), 2:3 (middle), 2: 16 (beginning) , 3: 10, 15 (both beginning), Zp I: 17 (middle), 3:7
(middle).]
In addition to the open an d closed sections the scroll indicates with one or two spaces the
beginning of what in M T is a new verse. This practice is known from a few Hebrew sources
o
(I QpaleoLev [limited evidence] and 4Q D an ,d [reported b y S. J. Pfann]; the situation with
regard to I QIso is not clear) as well as from two early Greek biblical sources: PFouad 266
and PRyl Greek 458.
I t is relatively easy to recognize these sp aces in the scroll since in the section written
by scribe A there are otherwise no spaces between words. At the same time , the very
recognition of a space is sometimes subjective, when the space is recognized only by
comparing the extant space with the surrounding text and not by any absolute measure. The
second scribe left spaces between most words, and for the beginnings of new verses he left
10
TABLE 12 :
Open and closed sections reflected in the scroll
This table lists the open and closed sections found before the verses indicated (p = petulJ-ah [open] ; s = setumah
[closed]) in codex Leningrad BI9A (L) of MT and the scroll (for additional- usually smal ler- spaces, see
Table 13). I t also records the existence of a ' paragraphos' sign (third column), denoted in the scroll by a
horizontal stroke between lines, and of 'capital letters ' (fourth column) protruding into the left margin after
the open or closed section ('cap protr' in the T able). ' [?]' in the third column denotes that the fragments are not
adequately preserved to permit seeing the interli.'1ear space in which the 'paragraphos' sign would be expected.
'[?]' in the fourth column indicates that the beginning of the next tine (only after an 'open' section) which
would have contained a capital letter has not been preserved (such capital letters have been included in the
reconstruction).
scroll
paragrapJws
capital letteT
}o Z : I
}02:6
Jo 3:10
[?]
(?]
para
cap protr
Mi
Mi
Mi
Mi
Mi
Mi
Mi
Mi
Na
Na
Na
[?]
[?]
end of col
[?]
[?]
(?]
[?]
[?]
[?]
cap protr
[?]
para
[?]
cap protr
[?]
[?]
[?]
[?]
end of col
para
[?]
cap protr
elements found before:
colkx L
I:Z
3:5
4:5
4:6
4:8
4:9
5:1
5:6
2:7
[s]
p
p
s
s
[s]
[P]
3:8
[s?]
3:11
Ha Z :I
Ha z:15
Ha z:18
H a 2:19
Ha z:zo
Ha 3:1
Ha 3:14
Za 1:4
Za 2:3
Za z:8
Za 2:12
Za 3:1
Za 8:20
Za 9:1
p
p
p
s
s
s
[s]
p
p
[s]
s
s
p
[sJ
[P]
[p]
TABLE 13:
para
[?]
[ ?]
cap protr
[?]
cap protr
Spaces recorded between VeTses (excluding open and closed sections for which see Table
JJ
12)
BefoTe }o 2 :7, 3:3,8,9; Mi 1:8; 3 :6; 5:4 ; Na 3:16; Ha 1:6.7,8,9,10,16 ,17; 2:2 ,6,7,16,l7; 3:10,15; Z p
1:[2],14,16,17 ; 3 :7.
A. INTRODU C TION
more than one space. Likewise) the scribe of PRyl Greek 458 often left spaces within the
verse , and between verses he left more than one space.
With the exception of three places (Mi 1:6; Na 2:6,8), our scroll contains at least one blank
space at the beginning of each new verse (T able 13).
In the following instances a space is left in the middle of a verse where MT has an
etnachta:
could have b elonged to the same scroll, or to 'sister' scrolls, in terms of height and column
format .
The question of the relation between the two hands is made all the more problematic
because so little has been preserved of the work of hand B, and the presumed djviding line
between the two scribes occurred at an unusual p oint , viz., in the middle of Za, somewhere
between chapters 3 and 8. Scr ibe B probab ly wrote Ma as w ell. On this hypothesis, his share
must have been limited, unless one ascribes to him also the non- preserved books at the
beginning of the scroll. If, on the other hand , it is proposed that hands A and B represent
two different complete m anuscripts of the Minor Prophets, it is surprising t h at so little of
hand B has been preserved.
T he d ifferences between the script of the two hands are d escribed in A7. In ad dition, t he
fo llowing differences between t he two hands are notewort hy:
12
Mi 1:5.5:4; Ha 1:1 5,2:3; Zp 3:7; Za 3:4
In addition, in the following instances a space is left b et ween different parts of a verse,
suggesting that the parts were understood as independent units:
102:6.7; [4:2] ; Mi
1:1,1;
5 :1,2; N a 1:14; Za [3: 6] .
4b. Tetragrammaton
T h e texts of both han d A and h and B con t ain the tetragrammaton in palaeo-Hebrew,
though in different forms. Altogether there are 24 sam p les of the fully or parti ally preserved
tet r agrammaton in h and A m aterial and fou r in hand B .
The question of who actually wrote the tetr agrammaton into the text and at what point in
the process of producin g the manusc ri p t is of interest. The evidence from other sources
warns us not to assume that the G reek scribe who first p roduced the man uscript himself
wrote the tetragrammaton. In PFouad 266, the original G reek scribe left open large spaces
fo r the tetragramm aton indicated by a raised dot on each side of t he space. Then, at a later
time, t he tetragrammaton was added, possibly by another scribe, in the indicated spaces. In
the course ofthis procedure one preser ved space was left empty. In all other instances there
is ample space both b efore and after the tet r agrammaton . The same sort of procedure has
b een employed in POxy 656 (Gen.) = 905 (Rah lfs), where KVPWS has been ad ded by a second
hand.
In our scroll hand A probab ly wrote both the Greek text and the p alaeo-He brew
t etragramrnaton without interruption, since in some instances t here is little or no space
between the tetrag rammaton and the adjacent wor ds, and occasionally the tetragrammaton
is written in almost one cont inuous movement together with the next letter (col 28, 1. 37; also
col 8 , 1. 6). In col 28, 1. 37 the tail of the y od of the tetragrammaton and the beginning of the
first letter of the next word alm ost touch each other in one continuous stroke. Becau se of t he
unusual shape and large size of the H eb rew letters, the scribe wrote in col 8,1. 40 the H ebrew
at the level of t he bottom of the preceding Greek word an d when h e continued wi t h t he
Gn:ek after the H ebrew he w rote one level below the previous Greek word. This, too ,
suggests that the same hand wrote b oth the G r ee'k and Hebrew, p resumably both from left
to right. Likewise , the scribe of POxy 3522 (Job) very clearly wrote the t etragramm aton
from left to right , creating a ligature between the yod and t he next G reek letter. There is not
enough evidence from hand B to judge these matters .
5. T h e Two Scribes/H ands

The data in Tables 3- 4 an d 6- 7 show that the leather on which the text of hand B was w r itten
had the same m easurements for the top and side m argi ns, and the writing block was also
compatible in size with that of h and A. The materials written by scribes A and B therefore
13
H and A w r o te columns averaging 42 lines (wit h some exceptions ), w h ile the one col umn
that can be tested of hand B contains only 33 lines. The aver age number of letters on each
line is 3<T-35 for h and A and 2<T-22 for hand B. Nevertheless the column b lock is the same for
each hand sin ce the letters of hand B are larger and each column contains fewer lines (see
T ab le 3).
I.
2. U nlike h and B, hand A left no spaces between words .
3. Evidence of ruled m arkings at the side m argins as w ell as the top (an d bottom?) margin
appears for hand B, while there is n o such evidence for hand A.
4. The sheets written by hand A w ere glu ed t ogether (see the joining of cols 17-18), while
those of h and B were sewn (see addi tional fragment 6).
5. The shape of the p alaeo- Hebrew letters of the tetragramm aton is completely different in
each script. In the script of t he second hand all letters point dow n wards. T h is is particularly
evident with regard to the he. T he he of the first hand stan ds upr ight w it h t he c ross-bars in
horizontal d irection, while the cross-bars of the he of the second h and p oin t vertically
downwards. (I n fact, hand A used two different forms of the he, t he final one almost always
tilting to the left, but in comparison with t he he used by hand B they can still b e called
upright; likewise , the scr ibe of POxy 3522 (Job ) used two d ifferent forms of the he.) Both
scribes 'drew' rather than wrote th e letters from an imprecise m odel. (This a pplies also to
the form of the tetragrammaton in the Aqu ila fragments p ublished by F. C . Burkitt
[Cambridge 1897] in w h ich t he waw and yod are id entical.)
6. Probably b ecause the lines in the columns written by hand B were rather n arrow , h e used
all the available space so that he often divided w ords even afte r a s in gle letter, m uch more
than h and A.
7. T he leather u sed b y hand B was prepared less well than that used by hand A (see Barth.
164). It is coarser, thicker and less polish ed.
The gen eral background of the bisection of the Minor Prophets in the scroll is not clear.
Although the sections written by hands A and B p robably belonged to the same scroll , the
unusual length of the scroll that would res ult from the combined work of the two scrib es
raises some problems . Nevertheless, the supposition t hat we are dealing with one scroll
gains some support from the archaeological data, sin ce the fi rs t lot brou ght to the Ecole
Biblique (see Barth. 163) contained m ain ly the work of hand A, but also a small fragment b y
hand B, while the second lot (very small) brought to him a year later contained the wo rk of
14
hand B, but also a small scrap written by hand A. Thus there is no initial presumption in
favour of t he assumption that we are confronted with two different lots representing two
different scrolls.
The major argumen ts in favour of the view that the work of hands A and B belongs to one
scroll are the aforementioned data on the measu rements, the identical textual character of
the two segments (see F ), and the fact that no overlap between the work of hands A and B has
yet been identified. It is thus quite possible that han ds A and B wrote segments of the same
scroll, as som etimes happened with other biblical man uscripts. It is not impossible that
some time elapsed between the writing of hand A and t he completion of the scroll by hand B
(although there is n o compelling palaeographic reason for this [thus P. Parsons in A7]). In
this regard we are remind ed of the Temple S croll, for Yadin (p. 10) claimed that time had
elapsed between the work of the first and second scribe of that scroll. It m ay well b e that
scribe A produced an incomplete scroll finished after some time by scr ibe B, or that a
complete scroU by scribe A became damaged and was later patched by scrib e B. T here is
even the possibility, illustrated many centuries later by a C optic cod ex of the P salms, that
two originally separate scrolls have been united into one in an effort to repair damage or
comp lete the desired corpus (see R . A. Kraft, 'An Unpublished C op tic Sahidic Psalter
Codex at th e U niversi ty Museum in Philadelphia: A Prel iminary R eport', in: M. E. Stone
(ed.), Armenian and B iblical Studies (JerusaJem 1976] 87- 8). A related possibility is th at we
are dealing with a copy of the M inor P rophets that w as produced and preserved in mUltiple
scrolls (perhaps three ?), written by two or more scribes, and portions of (at least) two of
these 'sister scrolls' have survived in h ands A and B.
6. D escription of the Materials and their State of Preservation

BY R OBE R T A. KRA FT
6a. General Description

The M inor Prophets materials from the Cave of Horror consist of a plethora of leather
fragments of varying sizes, written only on one side, in two different hands, wi th numerous
gaps b etween the fragments, b oth horizontal and vertical. There seems no point in
measuring all the p ieces individually (see the plates). T h e following measurements describe
the larger sections of joined or nearly joined fragments, at the wi d est and t allest points.
Thus the triangularly shaped section containing portions of cols 20 (the ends of a few lines)
to 23 is described as 32 cm wide (at its widest point) an d 14 cm tall (at its tallest point). Each
of the larger sections m ay encompass a number of smaller fragments that have been pieced
together.
On the measurements of each preserved column, see A2. N o column of writing is fully
preserved, although contiguous portions of all b ut eight lines of col 17 have survived. The
largest conjoined portion of material is from cols 17-19, about 25.2 cm tall by 25 cm wide; if
this section is rejoined to the remaining lower portions of cols 19- 20, the total width of the
c ombined sections would be increased to about 42 cm. The immediately adjacent large
fragment containing portions of cols 20-23 was about 14 cm tall by 32 em wide before it
broke into two parts. The much more brittle and now fragmented section representin g cols
2-4 was at least 19 cm tall and about 30 cm wide at some point in its recent history. The
material from the lower portion of cols 6-8 w as about 10 cm high and 27 em wide .
A . INTRODUCTION
IS
AIl of the aforementioned sections, plus relatively smaller portions from cols 16, 28- 29
and 30-3 I, represent the lower portion of the roll. The largest surviving block of material
that includes the top margin is cols 13- 15, at perhaps 27 cm high and 19 wide (only p art of
the uninscribed top margin of coli 3 has survived). Cols 8-9 preserve another significant
chunk that includes the top margin , about 12 cm high and IS em wide. A smaller an d more
mutilated portion of top margin appears for col 5, about 5 em high and I I cm wide. The
largest fragment of hand B also comes from the top of its roll and is 17.7 cm high by about 12
cm wide.
The main body of material (hand A) is written on a relatively thin and relatively smooth
leather surface that was probab ly pale yellowish b rown in its original state. Despit e
extensive d amage and some discoloration, it still has an attractive appearance, with its neatly
written rows of clear black letters. There is a tendency for the writing to be relatively more
cramped towards the bottoms of columns. The average 'letter b lock' (i.e. from start of a
letter to the start of its neighbour, and from base line to adjacent base line) for the letters
alpha and theta is about 0.5-0.7 cm high and 0.2-0.3 cm wide. The widest letters are omega
and m u, at nearly twice the width of alpha. D elta, zeta, lamd a, nu, xi, pi, tau and chi are
abou t one third to one quarter again as w ide as alpha. On the narrow end of the scale, iota is
about half as wide as alpha, while beta, gamma , epsilon, omicron , rho, and sigma are about
three fourths the widt h. Upsilon varies greatly in width, but with eta, kappa, p hi and psi is
usually just slightly wider t han alpha. T h e four palaeo-Hebrew letters of the
tet ragrammaton t ogether take from 5 to 7 times the width of an alpha.
H and B uses larger and heavier lettering, with slightly b rowner ink, on leather that is also
thicker and perhaps a bit less yellow in tone. The average letter block for han d B is about 0 .8
em h igh by 0.4 cm wide (for alpha), in the small portion t hat is p reserved. Both scribes have
written on the usually p aler 'flesh side' of the leather, but only hand B em ploys rulings to
outline the margins at the sides and top (an d bottom ?) of the colu mns of w riting. Stitch ing is
evident on one fragment from h and B, while an adhesive apparently was used to join panels
of leather in the material by hand A (cols 17-1 8).
6b. Damage and Decay Patterns

Thus far, the preserved materials have yielded few unambiguous clues concerning the
physical form and circumstances in which they survived through the ages. The fragments
are extensively damaged , b oth with reference to the reconstructed original scroll or scrolls
from which they derive, and also in relationship to the larger sections of the originals that
remain relatively intact. To help focus t h e discussion, the preserved fragments will be
examined in relationship to the following con trasting hypothetical models: (I) The remains
(at least those from h and A) represent a single scrol! that had been relatively intact and rolled
up neatly when it was deposited in antiquity, but suffered extensive decay and damage from
the ravages of time and the carelessness of its bedouin discoverers. (2) The remains were
already extensively damaged in antiquity an d the effects of time and modem mistreatment
have only added to the existing situation.
Important unknown factors in the discussion are the extent to which the bedouin may
h ave contributed t o the d egener at ion of the materials, and the exact circumstances in w h ich
the archaeologists discovered the 13 ' shreds of p archment' describ ed by Lifshitz, of w h ich 4
scraps are contiguous and one other is blank (thus 9 fragments with writ ing). If the
archaeologists found the fragments in situ, or at least adhering to the (disturbed) layers of bat
17
A. INTRODUCTION
dung that apparently covered t he cave floor, we would have a better idea of which edges
were exposed to the outside in antiquity. If the archaeologically discovered fragments were
simply mixed in with the disturbed debris, as separate items, that would suggest that they
could have broken off from the larger lot when the bedouin attempted to remove their n ew
treasure .
Just how the bedouin succeeded in exiting the cave with their discoveries is also a relevant
question, since the cave is d escribed as virtually inaccessible (80 meters down from the top
of an almost sheer cliff face) , and they presumably d id not have appropriately protective
containers in which to transport the d elicate manu script m aterials. To what extent did they
divide up t he discoveries, fold the material for more convenient port ability, etc.? On the
other hand, the discovery apparently took place in late A u gust, 1952, when the value of such
scrolls was not unknown to t heir finders- indeed, the bedouin o bviously were searching for
such relics and thus prob ab ly were anxiou s to p reserve as much of value as possible . Thus it
seems unlikely, a priori, that large portions of the material would have been lost or d estroyed
by the bedouin, except by accident. It is possib le th at additional portions of the scroH(s) fell
into private hands and will some day surface. But for now, we must wo rk wit h what we have,
and it is severely fragmen ted and damaged.
If we assume that the roll from which the bulk of the m aterials (hand A ) derived was rolled
up neatly when it began the p eriod of dormancy from which its recent disco verers disturbed
it, we m igh t expect to find some repeating patterns of decay where moisture, vermin, or
other destructive factors left their mark, over time, on adj acent layers of the roll. F rom such
information we might also be able to make related conjectures concerning the o rigin al
length of the roll, its contents, structure, etc.
W it h this ideal model in m ind, it could be argued that t he preserved portions from hand A
exhibit such a pattern. The best evidence comes from cols 13 to 23, which represent a
fragmented consecutive section of more than 105 cm in length , mostly from t he lower h alf of
the original roll. Similarly positioned and shaped decay holes are found near the bottom of
cols 17, 20 and 22 / 23, approximately 25-32 cm apart. I n addition, the preserved material
from t he upper portion of cols 14/ 15 and 17/ 18 originally would have been about 27-33 cm
a part, and thus could have b een adjacent. If such a pattern were accepted as probable, it
would suggest that almost four turns of the roll h ave been preserved in this sect ion , w ith the
wider intervals (, p anels ') to t he left, requiring about 29-33 cm for a full turn , and the shorter
to the right, needing about 23-24 cm per turn. Each successive panel (or turn) varies from
the adjacent panel b y about 1.5-3.5 cm in widt h. I t is not possible t o d etermine w hether the
writing faced inward (as expected) or outward on this hypothesis, but the scroll itself would
have been rolled u p from right to left so that the first part of the text would be encountered
first as the sc roll was unrolled.
Cols 2 to 9, which originally covered about 86 cm of t h e ro li, sh ow some similar patterns.
T he top margin is p reserved for cols 5 an d 8/9, abou t 32- 40 cm apart. Since the missing cols
10 to 13 would have required about 40 cm (a little more th an one turn or panel at that p oint),
it is n ot unreasonable to think th at the t op margin of cols 8/9 could h ave backed up to the top
margin of col 5. Again , cols 28 to 3 I rep resent a sect ion that originally was about 38 cm wide,
and lower margins are preserved for col 28 and for 30/3 I. T he interval is abou t 16-25 cm . At
t his point in t he hypothetical roll pattern, we expect the 'panel' to be abou t 19.<r20.5 cm
wide, since the missing columns 24-27 would have requi red about 42 cm (almost two
turns/panels of the roll).
This results in a reconstructed picture of a somewhat loosely rolled body of material in ten
turns/panels for coIs I to 32, with the following adjacent/overlapping representative points
at the start of each sucessive panel (estimated widths of each panel in parentheses below):
16
cols 2
(4 2 )
5/6
(39)
9 /10
(36)
13
(33)
16/17
(3 1 )
19/20
(28)
22 /23
(25)
2S
(23)
27/ 28
(21)
30
(oo.)
With slight adjustment, allowing for looser rolling at the outside and tighter nearer the
centre, it could be argued that there is even a certain symmetry to the larger picture: two
panels preserved (cols 2-9) , then one lost (10-12); 4 preserved (13- 2 3), then 2 lost (24- 2 7); 2
preserved (28-3 1 ), then an unknown number lost (but probably not more than 10 panels,
depending on how tightly the interior is rolled, containing another 10 cols or so).
Such a reconstruction, however, encounters serious difficulties. With the possible
excepti on of t he holes in cols 17-23, the supposedly similar decay patterns on ly
approximately coincid.7-there are few impressive detailed replicat ions of sh apes to support
the hypothesis. Furthermore, u n less a great deal of mat erial was lost, destroyed or retained
by t he m o dern discoverers , h ow is it possible to account for the large gaps b etw een the
preserved ' sections' as well as within each of those sections? When all is said and done , the
reconstr uction d oes n ot seem to w o rk for all of the preserved fr agments, although it may be
satisfactory for the midd le p o rtion (cols 13-2 3) as a sub- u n it of t he o r iginal scroll.
6c. Other Evidences of Damage: Folding and Crumpling

The fragmen ts con tain oth er clues of value for making conjectures about the p hysical state
of the m aterial at the time it w as left in the cave. Many fragments attest t h at the leather had
been a ump led and folded, w hether in antiquity or by later explorers. M uch of t h is evidence
comes from t he early columns: cols 2-4 show fold s that run at a slight angle from the upper
left to the lower right as well as a few creases running from lower left to upper right. The top
of col 5 appears to be crumpled as well, as d oes the small fragmen t from near the top of col 6
(plate V, frag ment a) . A series of fold marks can b e seen between cols 7 and 8, on a slight
di agonal from u p p er left to lower right, and with var ious offshoots. The bottom of col 6 and
the top of cols 8-9 also appear unusually w rinkled.
Nor a re remaining sections free of such marks. T he top of col 14 is badly crumpled and
has various di agonal folds running almost perpen d ic ular to each oth er . The lower m argin at
col 17 seems to show heavy fo ld/crumple lines (see col 16 as well). The m aterial from cols
30-3 I also reveals similar damage, with prominent, almost vertical fold lines as well as a
heavy d iagonal fold from lowe r left t o u pper right. E ven the large fragment of h and B (p late
XIX, fragment a) shows evidence of d iagonal folding at the top r ight (see also additional
fragment 6 , from hand B).
T hese damage li nes do not all seem to be recent, although some ofthem may very well b e.
N otice that the b reaks betw een the portions of L ifshitz ' reconstru cted larger fragment from
n ear the top of col 3 (plate I I I , fragment a) suggest a similar pattern of diagonal fo ld damage,
which strength ens the case fo r such damage being ancient. Vertical lines of damage would
be expected in a normally rolled scroll that had aged an d/or h ad been crushed , especially in
the innermost , more t ightly rolled panels. A prominent horizontal 'fol d ' half way down the
roll sometimes appears as well , as in IQlsQ cols 1- 17; see also I QS col I)- p erhaps the result
of a heavy guideline for ruling , or a manufacturer's fold to help produce even ly cut upper
and lower edges? Patterns of diagonal folds seem abnorm al.
18
A . INTRODUCTION
Thus it may well be t hat the material was already in a dishevelled, and possibly heavily
damaged state when it was abandoned to history. Whether such damage would have been
intentional or accidental can only be conjectured-e.g. perhaps the scroll was accidentally
dropped and trampled upon d uring the confusion surrounding the last days of the cave's
occupancy in antiquity? Perhaps it had been damaged at an earlier time, and had been put
aside to await appropriate disposal ? Perhaps the Roman soldiers sacked the cave after the
inhabitants had succu mbed to fami ne and other terminal forces, and tore the materials
apart? Although the excavators discovered no evidence of Roman presence in the cave, they
did find the rem ains of a large hot fire in the centre of the cave-corridor, and conjectured that
'the besieged occupants . .. evidently decided to m ake a great b onfire ... and destroy all
their belongings in it-apart from the G reek scroll of the T welve M ino r Prophets which,
together p erhaps with some important documents , was buried between the rocks ofthe end
chamber' (Aharoni, 199). It m ay also be that the fi re was the work of a Roman m ilitary 'mop
up' crew after the occupants had succumbed , or of ot hers who discovered the situation soon
after the Romans had departed from their camp atop t h e cave area. In any event , occasions
on which the scroll could h ave received serious damage do not seem to have been lacking in
antiq u ity. Perhaps it is worth noting at this point that the excavators also found th ree scraps
of unconnected papyri in situ under the top layer of dung not far f rom the mout h of the cave,
and concluded t hat 'these documents . .. must th erefore have been torn up and drop ped at
t his spot in antiquity' (Aharon i, 195). By whom, and why? And can this tell us anything
about the history of the Minor Prophets m aterials ?
One other possibility is suggested by the details of the site report. The modern bedouin
and the archaeologists were not the first to disturb the cave in its isolated slumber from the
second century to the 20th. At least one other intruder left a calling card-an intact
byzantine lamp from no earlier t han the 5th century in the centre of the cave (Aharon i, 194).
D oes this h ave any relationship to the reports of manuscri pt discoveries in the J udaean caves
in t he late 7th century ? Dou btless there w ere also others who made their way to this
treacherously remote but not q uite impenetrable spot . What such visito rs may have found,
and what they may have done with their finds, can only b e conjectured .
6d. Matching Patterns of (Ancient?) Damage
The damage patterns on the fragments can be used in support of a hypothesis that the
material was already badly damaged in antiquity. F or example, for cols 13- 23, it is possible
to fit the rightmost p anel (cols 20/21 - 23) atop cols 18- 20 in a slightly skewed m anner such
that the curved shape of cols 20/ 21 fits nicely over the dam age pattern in the middle of col 18,
while the rightmost p ort ion of col 23 overlies the lower margin of col 20. Similarly, if the
section containing cols 13-15 is turned so that the top lies under the similarly shaped
sections of col i 6 and col 17, the fold patterns and deterioration patterns app roximately (but
not exactly) coincide in various places.
Again , the destruction patterns found on col 6 are very similar to those on col 30/31 and
col 28/29, including a heavy diagonal fold running from lower left to upper right on an angle
not prominent elsewhere. Each of these fragm ents also seems to have similar heavy vertical
folds. Perhaps they were adjacent to each other during the t rip from antiquity? Indeed , it is
tem pting to place this packet among the outside layers of the preserved mass, along with the
panel containing cols 13- 15, to help explain the relationship to the L ifshitz fragments,
which come from cols 3, 13-1 5, and 30-3 I.
19
Other possible overlaps in the destruction patterns could be suggested, but with even less
conviction. Nothing really aligns unambiguously, but, based on the presently available
evidence, the model of a damaged mass of material abandoned in antiquity seems somewhat
more probable than the model of a neatly rolled consecutive text.
Furthermore, there is reason to suspect that the scroll rested alongside other written
companions in antiquity. According to the excavation report concerning the discovery of
the fragments later published by L ifshitz, the scroll materials p robably came from the back
part of the cave, near the opening to the 'end chamber' where numerous burials were
located. A piece of papyrus containing cursive Greek writing (from a letter?) was also found
at the same location, suggesting that the (damaged?) scroll may have been par t of a larger
collection of written materials, deposited in a grave or buried among the rocks, or otherwise
left in that relatively remote area. This may also help explain Barthelemy's vague reference
to 'Hebrew-Aramaic papyri' from the same cave, apparently as reported by the bedouin (see
Aharoni, 19 8), and perhaps also the presence of Minor Prophets Greek ' hand B' fragments,
which in this context could easily be viewed as coming from a different roll.
7. The Scripts and Their D ate

B Y PET ER
J.
PAR S O NS
Abbreviations
Barth. 1953
D . Barthelemy , 'Redecouverte d'un chainon manquan t de 1'histoire de la Septante', RB 60

(1953) 18- 29
Barth. 196 3
GMAWl
GLH
Kahle
LSSE
Menci
PGB
id ., Les devanciers d'Aquila, SVT 10 (L eiden 196 3) .
E . G . Turner, Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World ed. 2 (London (9 8 7).

C . H. Roberts, Greek Literary Hands (Oxford (95 6 ).
P.E. Kahle, The Cairo Geniza ed. 2 (Oxford (959).
G. C avallo, Libri Scribi Scritture a Ercolano (Naples 19 8 3).
G . M enci, ' Scritture greche lib rarie con ap ici ornamentali (Ill a.c.-II d.C.)' , S crittura e
Civilta 3 (1979) 23ft'
W. Schubart, Papyri Graecae B erolinenses (Bonn 19 1 I) .
7a . Description
S cribe A
(a) Modulus. The script is in intention bilinear (only 4> reach es well above the line; the
d escenders of p, 4> and I/J are normally curtailed), although uncertainty in execution, and the
enlargement of initial letters, gives an irregular imp ression. F or the sizes of t he letters, see
A6a.
(b) Shading. T he pen is thick, and there are variations of thickness in the strokes, though
not, it seems, to any consistent effect. But in several places th e scribe can be seen to sharpen
his pen, or take a newer and thinner one: cols 8, 1.1 2, 20 , 1. 3 5
(c) Ornament. T he script is profusely ornamented. The feet of verticals and descending
obliques carry blobs or hooks or half-serifs (horizontal or angular or arched) or-rarely
fu ll ser ifs; hooks and half-serifs normally point to the right; they may be very large. A glance
at fig. I will show that there is no consistency; any suitable letter may carry any of these
ornaments. Some ve rticals (11, " K) may be hooked to the left at the top . In some p laces the
verticals themselves are given a sinuous shape, which enhances the m annered look.
20
DISCOVERIES IN THE J UDAEAN DE S ERT VIIf
A . INTRODUCTION
21
(d) Letter fonns (see fig. I)

A..AAA/to..AAA.
aBB.
c- t"
.b~
e e E:.~ C!
AAA
B
rr
.l::.
..:j
E~e-~c=
Hk
HJ1X
e as-
e)e
A
M
LUlL )..
J, J J
ILl<:
"2:.2
l<~ k
""
,,1\../\
M M. ~
N. N N
;;:: '3:
rfl'4 H
c-r
:z:::
r rrr9
'X
T
Q
!f
c c c c:.C'
ecc e
-z: :r 1: T ~
rr rr
'i "t '(. "'1. "/.
~f Y
1>++1
X ~
1:
TI n
nn n
~~
t
w
F IG URE 1
U..) U )
Scribe A cols
W
17-19
~ N
00
() 0 00
"'t"
MM
N
S
F IGURE 2
Scribe B
appears mostly in the cap ital shape (horizontal cross-bar, three movements); sometimes (especially when
the letter is enlarged) the right-hand oblique p rojects above the apex. But there are also examples of the
pointed form (the cross-bar sloping upward from the left foot).
sometimes has its loops made in a single movement, sometimes the base is suppljed as a sep arate
horizontal stroke.
The right-hand oblique projects above the apex.
app ears in various form s: in two movem ents, sometimes with the cross-bar detached (as a short oblique
or an arc) o r reduced to a dot, or in three movements, with its top righ t-hand portion add ed as a separate
st roke .
sometimes has the right-hand oblique p rojecting above the ap ex.
with oblique sides, and the central dip touching the line; the right-han dj un ction well below the top of t he
right-hand ob liq ue. Various forms : som etimes certain ly in fo u r movements, m ore often in three
(som etimes perhaps strokes I and 2 in one movement, then 3 and 4 separate; sometimes strokes 2 and 3 in
one movem ent , with the cen tral dip correspondingly rou nded).
in three m ovem ents, the right-hand junction norm ally well above the foot of the right-han d upright.
someti mes has three separate st rokes, som etimes the m iddle and lower joined in a single m ovement.
in two movem ents, the right-han d arc often straighter than the left ; th e joins at head and foot are often
imperfect, giving a gap or an overlap.
with the right side gently curved.
sometimes h as its cap m ade as a separate stroke.
somet imes has its top in a single stroke, sometimes divided (the left-hand p art w ritten in a single
movement with the stem ).
generally in a single movement, but some examples of the two-m ovement fo rm (the right-hand a rc added
separately).
(e) G eneral. This aspires to b e a book-hand (there are' only occasion al ligatures). But the
performance is incon sistent: individual letter forms vary (e.g. and (j are now full and
rounded, now narrower and ovoid); ornamentation differs w id ely in application and
execu tion; some w hole passages are copied m ore neatly than others (contrast cols 18-19
with col 20).
Scribe B
(a) M odulu s . (i) Vertical. T h e script is bilinear (allowi n g fo r the enlargem en t of some line
initials), except for p and 4> (this scribe makes no attempt to curtail them ). (ii) Horizontal.
The gen eral effect is round and square; round ed letters ten d to a circle and even an oblate
circle, but t here are examples of oval fonns as well. For the sizes of the letters, see A6a.
(b) Shading. Thick strokes (horizontals, obliques descending from left to right ) and thin
strokes (obliques ascending from left to righ t) are clearly d ifferentiated; verticals may be
eithe r.
(c) Ornament. The feet of uprights, t he tops of up rights in L, K, 11, 4>, and the left-hand t ips of
v and x. take decoration in t he for m of blobs , hooks and half-serifs (horizontal or oblique),
rarely full serifs; hooks and half-serifs m ore oft en (but not consistently) point to the left.
(d) Letter forms (see fi g. 2)
A
E
B
A
M
sometimes in the capital shape, with horizon tal (or concave) c ross-bar, sometimes with cross-bar slop ing
to lower left (in at least on e place made in a single m ovement with the fi rst obliqu e ?) .
has its c ross-bar detached ; sometim es the b ack is m ade in a single movement, sometimes the cap is added
as a further short curved or ho rizontal stroke.
sometimes has its cross-bar detach ed on the left side or on both.
has its right-h and stroke p rojecting above the apex.
has sloping sides, and its b ow touches the line; the junction well below the summ it on both sides.
Generally (always ?) in three m ovements, th e second and third strokes in one .
with the right side curved (and m ade in one m ovement with th e top?).
22
E
T
Y
tI>
D
generally (always?) in two movements, the top supplied as an additional straight or curving stroke.
has a strong curl down on its left-hand end; that part of the cross-bar is often th ickened.
apparently in two movements, the left-hand prong and the stem fo nned in one .
has a large bowl which fills the whole normal line-space.
sometimes (not always ?) in two movements.
(e) General. We have only a small sample of this script; what survives suggests a much more
fluent and consistent copyist than hand A.

7b. Dating
Principles
The manuscript came originally from the 'Cave of Horror'; we therefore have a terminus
ante quem of C.A . D . 13S for its writing (see AI). For a terminus post quem we have no
objective evidence. No certain d eductions can be made from the format of the roll (see A2)
or from the orthography (see FI2); the heavy soiling of upper and lower m argins, and of the
back, which Barth. reports, may prove heavy use, but whether intensive use over a short
period, or recurrent use over a long period, who can say?
W e have therefore to base our date on palaeographic evidence. The reader who surveys
the bibliography will not need to be warned that such evidence is shifting sand. Barth. 1953
dated the script (that is, hand A) towards the end of i A. D . Roberts apud Kahle (p. 226) opted
for 50 B.C.- A.D. 50, and Schubart ibid. for a d ate around the reign of Augustus; Barth. 1963
accepted Schubart's date for hand A, found parallels for hand B in dated papyri of i A.D. and
assigned the whole manuscript to mid i A.D.
The scientific aspect of the process is simple enough: it consists in pointing out
similarities between the script to be dated and other scripts to which an objective (non
palaeographic) date can be attached. But such dated hands are rare; and the use to be made
of them must be qualified by subjective and ideological fact ors. I list some particular
difficulties:
(i) 'Styles' and 'similarities'. Ideally, we group scripts together by their similarities; and
within one group try to see a definable 'style' of script with its own dynamics of historical
development; then undated hands may be placed chronologically within the schema
articulated by the dated examples. The difficu lties are twofold. (a) What is a 'similarity'?
Two characteristics referred to above are 'ornament' (the use of decorative serifs and the
like) and 'shading' (the deliberate alternation of thick and thin pen-strokes, related to the
angle at which the pen meets the paper). In one 'style' d efinable by other criteria ornament
seems to be essential (the ' Roman Uncial'); in another (the 'Biblical U ncial') heavy shading
is always p resent. But in other possible 'styles' shading and ornament seem to be facultative .
Thus Turner (GMAW2 p. 21) rightly insists that Schubart's 'decorated style' (to which
Schubart assigned hand A) is not really a style, but a single feature of several styles, spread
over a period of at least four centuries from ii B.C. (b) What is a style? Some palaeographers
speak of a 'canon', that is, a fixed and unitary prescription to which good scribes can be seen
conforming, and whose development and decay can be charted . Other palaeographers
emphasise that we know effectively nothing about ancient views of these matters or about
the training of ancient scribes; t herefore 'canon', with its suggestion of scientific precision
and h istorical realism, is inappropriate; 'style', and 'development' within a style, are no
more than modern analytic concepts.
(ii) Local Styles. There is no special reason to suppose that the same styles of script
A. INTRODUCTIO N
23
existed at the same time, and developed at the same pace, in all parts of the Mediterranean
world . It is, for example, arguable that styles which contrast wide and narrow letters appear
at Herculaneum in i B.C. , but in Egypt not until ij A.D. (see GMAW2 no. 78). Comparative
material from three areas is listed below; it remains an open question how far papyri from
Egypt and from Herculaneum are relevant.
(iii) Personal styles. We have to add further factors. (a) A scribe may have a working life
of 50 years; in that time he may not change his script. Therefore , even if a style can be
assumed to show a linear diachronic development, not all practitioners will develop wi th it;
very precise datings are risky. (b) Occasionally we can p oint to certain examples of
archaising writing: thus POxy L 3529, which I should have assigned on palaeographic
evidence to the early Roman period , is shown by its content to date after A.D. 307. We do not
know whether archaism was a matter of personal choice or the habit of certain scriptoria or
the requirement of certain patrons, or whether it was more likely at certain periods or places
or in the copying of certain genres of text (say, scriptural texts).
Comparative Material
Hands A and B clearly differ in size and polish (hand B looks much less crabbed and
inconsistent than h and A); but they are of the same type, bilinear and decorated . I list some
datable comparative material:
(i) Egypt. T he overwhelming bulk of our material is from here; but even here the d ated
examples are rare . GLH provides an essent ial selection; for the serifed styles with which we
shaH be concerned see the detailed lists in Menci.
i
B. C .
A.D.
GLH 8a
document
99 B.C.
PLond III 1209
doc.
89
883
doc.
88
PAmh II 51
doc.
88
G LH 8b
doc.
30-29
P GB 12
doc.
13
GL H 9a
doc.
C.7-4
PQasrl b rim
Homer
later i B.C. ?
[See JE A 62 (1976) II6; all datable texts from this find have been early Augu stan .)
PMerton I I 52
Homer
before 5 B.C.
[The verso carries a document of that date.]
GMAW 56
LXX
later i B.C. ?
[See GMAW2 Add . 125 , where Tumer judges a cursive note in th is papyrus to be ' unmistakably
Ptolemaic' . Since dated cursive hand s are relatively common, the pa\aeographic dat ing of such
hands is relatively reliable .]
[GMAW 12, a good paraJlel , has no objective date : see GMAW 2 Add. 16.]
POxy 25 55
horoscope
after 46
POxy 3700
mime
b efore c .48-9
GMAW 64
doc.
C. 50
POxy 3332
doc.
53
POxy 3250
doc.
c.63
G LH IOC
doc.
66
POxy 2987
doc.
c.78-9
Most of this material is documentary; but the comparison is rathe r appropriate, since the
use of enlarged initials at line-beginning (hands A and B) and phrase-beginning (hand A)
and (set out in the m argin ) to mark a new section (hand A) gives this manuscript a
documentary look (see A4) . The fact is itself remarkable . Early Christian books show the
A . INTRODUCTION
same characteristic; copies of the Greek classics do not. It has therefore been tempting to
argue that the texts of the Early Church stood closer to the world of business than to that of
literature, and to draw conclusions about the social milieu in which the texts circulated or
the esteem in which they were held . Now we see the same thing in a Jewish manuscript of
pre-Christian date. T his may suggest that the Christians inherited the practice, rather than
inventing it; the problem remains, why G reek-speaking Jews should h ave adopted it in the
first place.
In Egyptian context, bot h hands give a clear immediate impression of being late
Ptolemaic or early Roman; that was the m eaning of Roberts's original dating' 50 B.C. - A.D.
50'. The question is, whether the period can be narrowed down .
Hand A could certainly be ascribed to the earlier part of the period. It has striking
similarities with GLH 8a, of 99 B.C. (not to be pressed too far , for part of the similarity- the
fact that both scribes handle a thick pen clumsily-is irrelevant). The literary style to which
it aspires, the bilinear serifed manner in which only the riser of phi b reaks the mould, occurs
in t wo Homer texts, assigned on objective grounds to i B.C., and (in a less insistent form) in
G MAW 56 (PFouad Inv. 266), reasonably assigned to the same period , as well as in many
literary papyri dated on simple palaeographic grounds to that cen tury; in the epsilon whose
cross-bar occasionally becomes a dot there is a point of contact with the 'Epsilon Theta'
style, which is represented at Herculaneum (i.e. before c.40 B.C.?) (see C avallo, Cron. Erc. 4
(1974) 33; Menci 38-40). Among letters one may note some older-looking forms, which
ap pear alongside later (more cursive) shapes ofthe same letter: alpha in the capital form, mu
in four movements, xi in three strokes.
All in all, I can see n othing against ascri bing this hand to the late r first century B.C., and
nothing specifically in favou r of datin g it later. But POxy 2555, a horoscope fo r A.D. 46
(copied, therefore, some indefinite period after), warns that the later date would be perfectly
possible.
Hand B has at first sight a later look; that may be m erely that t he execution is more regular
and elegant, and the round letters wider and fuller. But the width has parallels e.g. in GLH
8b, 9~ (later i B.C.); and, although this h and deliberately m akes rho and phi break the
b ilinearity, there is a likeness to the two Homers cited and to PFouad Inv. 266 (note here the
neckless u psilon). Among letter-fo rm s, Mr. Skeat notes theta with the cross-bar d etached;
add the tau wit h the left extremity thickened and hooked down, which in this form seems to
me a P tolemaic inheritance (t hough the ductus which produces this form , i.e. , ~ , is still
fo und in d ocuments of the early Roman period).
(ii) Herculaneum. The Greek papyri, all literary, come from a single library. There is a
certain terminus ante, A.D. 79 , when the town was buried. There is a less certain one C. 40
B.C., the presumed date of Philodemus ' d eath: since the collection includes so many of
Philodemus' own works, some (it can be argued) in draft as well as in fair copy , and includes
no author demonstrably late r than him , it seems reasonable to suppose that this was
P hilodemus' own library. Where the books were originally copied, and where the local
copyists were originally trained, we have no means of saying. Bilinear serifed hands are
common in this library, as a glance at LSSE will show . I should make a general comparison
with PHerc 182 (LSSE pI. 18) and 1005 (p I. 22) (both assigned by Cavallo to mid-i B.C.), and
of hand B with PHerc. 1471 (PI.36) (assigned to earlier i B.C.), 1186 (pI. 33) (assigned to m id
i B.C.), 1423 and 1507 (pll. 50 and 53; these often have alpha in the pointed, not the capital
form, and are assigned to later i B.C.).
These parallels ten d to show that the hands of our scroll could be of i B.C. (though of
course they cannot exclude a later date).
(iii) Judaean Desert. These hands should be the most relevant . But it seems that no very
precise archaeological dates can be given. At Qumran, the material probably antedates A.D.
68 (DJD VI 2 I), although there remains the possibility that some of the caves were occupied
again at the time of the Second Revolt (DJD III 32); at Murabba'at, the terminus ante is no
earlier than for the Minor Prophets scroll, i.e., C.A.D. 135 (or even later?: DJD II 47f)
Qumran. 7QILXXEx (van H aelst 38), see DJD III p. 142 and pI. 30. Assigned date: c. 100
B.C. (Rob erts). T h is small serifed bilinear hand has some sim ilarities with hands A and B
(note the pointed alpha, and wide tau hooked down at the left), so far as can be seen from the
scrap which survives.
4QLXX Le~ (van Haelst 49), see P. W. Skehan, S V T 4 (1957) 148ff with plate fac ing
p. 159. Assigned d ate: late ii B.C. (Roberts). This is a pinched, undecorated hand of the type
of GLH 6a, with a pronounced Ptolemaic look; not sim ilar to h ands A or B, and probably
earlier.
4QLXXNum (van Haelst 5 1), see P. W . Skehan, HTR70 (1977) 39ffwjth plate. Assigned
dat e: i B.C. / i A.D. (Roberts). This b ilinear script (the descenders of rho and phi are
curtailed) , heavily ornam ented with half- and full serifs, has some similarities wit h hand A,
but it is much more elegant and finely written; a d istinctive feature is that the oval letters
tend to lean backward s.
4QL X XDeut, see E. U lrich in De Septuaginta: Studies in H onour ofJohn William Wevers
on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (eds. A. Pietersma and C. C ox, Mississauga, Ont., 1984) 71ff
with plate. The hand of this scrap shows no similarities with hand A or B; it is an in formal
script of Ptolem aic look with some cursive tendencies and no decoration except some
terminal hooks and blobs.
4Qsn. A non- biblical text to be p ublished by E. Ulrich, in a decorated hand of the same
typ e as 4QLXXNum, but not so elegant.
7Q2EpistJer (van Haelst 3 12), see DJD III p . 143 and pI. 30. Assigned date: C.IOO B.C.
(Roberts). This t in y scrap shows a b road bilinear script without ornament (except for a half
serif on the foot of t au).
7Q4-9 (van H aelst 1094), ibid. O f these unprofitable scraps, no. 5 (assigned date: 50
B.C.- A.D. 50) shows some likeness to hands A and B (half-serifs; alpha in capital shape).
. Murabba <at. PMur 108 ('Philosophical T ext', but in fact clearly iambic trimeters, see C.
Austin, Comicorum Graecorum Fragmenta in papyris reperta ( 19 73 ) no. 360), see DJD II p.
23 4 and pI. 81. Assigned date : second half of i A.D . (Benoit ). T his good professional script,
bilinear (the t ail of phi cu rtailed) and ornamented with hooks and half-serifs, has alpha in
the pointed form, epsilon leaning to the left, tau w ith a d ipped top arched on the left. It m ay
be com pared with h and B, though the general imp ression is later.
This makes it clear that serifed hands are common enough (but not uni versal) in Judaean
material assignable to t he period i B.c .- i A.D. But the archaeological terminus ante fa lls too
late (A.D. 68 or 135) to limit the date of our scroll more precisely.
24
25
Conclusion
Both hands give the impression of belonging to the late Ptolem aic or early Roman period.
Some features favour an earlier rather than a later date; no feature recommends a late r rather
than an earlier date. I should therefore opt , tentatively (since I have seen only photographs,
26
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT Vllt
not the originals) and with all the provisos listed above, for a date in the later i B.C.; the
objectivel y dated parallels show that such a dating is possible, though not of course
necessary.
D r C. H . Roberts and Mr T . C. Skeat have allowed me to cite their opinions. Dr Roberts
would remain with his original estimate, '50 B.C.-A .D . 50'. Mr Skeat (to whom I am greatly
indebted for comment and advice) inclines to i B.C., and sees nothing which would bring the
date down into i A.D.
BAND C . TRANSCRIPTIONS OF THE TEXT
THE text of the scroll is reproduced on facing pages in two different ways:
Section B
The text is printed so as to represen t as closely as possible the contents of the scroll. The text
is printed in uncials, and spacing L - ) and margins ('), when present, are indicated . T he
relative position of the fragment in its column is indicated as well. The m ain imprecision in
the printed form d erives from the fact that the size and printed form of the letters differ from
those of the letters in the scroll. Nevertheless, the presentation of the printed form of B
(never of C!) resembles as much as possible the shape of the fragments. For calculation of
the real distance between different fr agments of a column, or of the size of the lacunae, th e
plates should always be consulted .
Doubtful letters indicated by dots in C are not indicated as such in B.
Next to each line number follows in parenthesis the n umber of letters in the
(reconstructed) line. U nder each column the fo llowing data are provided: total number of
letters for each column (including spaces when attested), the number of lines, length of t he
shortest and longest line (extant or reconstructed), average num ber of letters per line for the
whole column, number of lines for which at least one letter or the margin has been
preserved, and the average length of those lines. F or these data, cf. A2, 3, 6,8. The number
of the reconstr ucted letters is naturally more reliable for single lines found between partially
preserved lines than for complete sections which have not been preserved.
Section C
Printed form of the text with reconstructions for all lines on which at least one letter or part
of the margin has been preserved. The other lines have been left empty except for the verse
numbers (calculated on the basis of the full reconstruction of the text, which is not
represented here). Punctuation marks, accents and breathings have been added.
The survlvmg columns are not numbered consecutively but rather the numbering
represents the place of each column in the reconstructed complete scroll from Jo to Za. The
first extant column (10 [I.S]- 2.7a) is recorded as col 2 and not as COlI since it must have
been preceded by the beginning of that book. Books before Jo have not been included in this
numbering.
All differences between R and the LXX (edition of Ziegler) are underLined, both in the
extant and the reconstructed portions. Excluded from this notation are differences in
capitalization, punctuation and the tetragrammaton. Pluses of R and differences in
sequence are indicated by underlined words, and omissions by an underlining in the space
between the words.
J
B. TEXT (without reconstructions)
Column 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
4I
42
10 [1.5]-2.7a
Column 2
(43)
(46)
(44)
[
[
[
5
6
[
[
[
[
10
(48)
(44)
(42)
(43)
(39)
(4 1 )
(41)
(40 )
(42)
(39)
(4 2 )
(41)
(44)
(41)
(43)
(39)
(43)
(40)
(40)
(42)
(43)
(38)
(47)
(43)
(43)
(42)
(45)
(4 5)
(43)
(4 1 )
(43)
(4 6 )
(4 1 )
(4 1 )
(41)
(4 2 )
(40)
(4 1 )
(40)
C . TEXT (with reconstructions)
19
[1 3
21
[
[
[
13
14
15
16
17
18
22
MAA0 Q
20
12
23
]
]
]
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
I I
10 [1.5]- 2.7a
9
10
II
12
14
24 [I/IvX'7 S' 'T OU o.II(Jpdnrov 'T06'TOV Kat fI.-TJ ()wS' fe/>' ~fl.aS' al],.,.a o.{)w- ' ,
, ~.
,
'R ' \
'
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uv, '\ -i ~, 0 11 'Tp07TOV tJ0V"OV 7T7TOL71KaS', J 5 KaL
25 [ ~ ~, on
W\ Q
'
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26 [ E"atJ0V
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Huvav KaL, E"~ EtJ
a v'TOV
HS'
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AI
q,OBII
p KATE0l':EIA :E A!'l0
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I AN
27
28
[Ea'T71 ~ {)&'Aaaaa
ITPEIIHMEPAIKAITPE
T
E I
n E P PEl 'Y A I
IB ,\ 0
o I n E PIE KT KAQ I N~I
KAIT AKTMAT AIO
nEME~IHA
UE I nAAn n
E3 ENAN T I A:E Oq,0AA:\HlNIOr
0HIOEniBAEO/A npo NAONA IONIOI'
n
~I
ME T ~"TAEnIO/TXHI_ABr1:IOIEKrK A n
TIIEAOI n EPIEI X NT HNKEq,:\ AHNMO T_ E

IATTIIIKATEM 01'F.I I
HNKATEBIIN _ H
TOTALS: 17 82 letters/col um n ; 42 lines , 38 (short), 4 8 (long), 42042 (average) all/part of 18 lines preserved
f rom column , ave rage lengt h 42 .88 letters
Kat f]e/>ofJ~ [871]aav"
fK 'T OU ........ a un}S'. 16
[ot (ill[,PS' e/>6fJep fI. y &'Aep 'Tall t~]n Kat f{)va!?:oav 8[ ua ]{av'
"
'\ -i Ka L' W/:
vxaS'
.] _________ __ _____ __ _ _ _ , ,
29 [ 'T ep ~
3 0 [2. I Kal 7TpOa''Ta~E~ ~? K7}'TEL fl.Ey&,Acp K]a'Ta7T!iv Tall Lwvall'
,
\'
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.
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31 [ Ka L,.,%
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_KO'''Lq.
TOU"
K71'TOV
~ TpLS' 71f1.fipaS' KaL Tp LS'
~
A T AnIEINTO~JQNA~
]
]
]
]
]
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]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
~ v ~ a v 'T o
txt?
[vVKTaS' . 2 Kat 7Tpoo~v~aTO 'WV~ 7TPOS'

TOV 8ov aUTo]v' ,
\'
.
,
\
'P
' R'
' ()\', I,]
'
33 [ K _KOL"LaS' 'TOU K71 'TOUS' 3 Ka, L7TV _tJ01'}aa v "L'f' L
34 [
~~~'5~~:]
32
35
36
37
38
[ ~~e-!l~' 7JKOvaaS' :~~ e/>wviJ> p..OU. 4 '5~! o.]7!~pp~I/IQS p..[ l] ~ fJ&.Q[~~] , ,

[~~ Kap[,! ?: 8aAaa a0 ~, Kal 7TOTafL ]~~ ::~e..tKVKAWO[~1~ e-l~ ' ]
'
'
, ao [ tI 'J 7T ' fI.
, \ O~ L1'}/I
"'\ "
[ 7 TaVTES'
OLt' """, aou] Ka L' Ta\ KVfl.aTa
A
39
'-I.. {) \
[ VOII . 5 KaL y w L7Tq. q.7TW op..a L fi~ ~!:~!:!!~~ 0'f'. a"p..wv aou'
[apa 7TPOO]Q'l]ow ~ f7TtfJA#q.[,] 7Tpo[S'Lvaoll _(i[y] ,ov oou; __ 6 7T[pL-]
40
[xu01'} aav] fI. iI()a Ta l wS' ,pUXTJS" _"AfJv aaoS' f KVKA<!! [aEv]
41
42
[p.. eax&.h1'} , ?~~~ ::~e!.i~~l~l~ :::~~ Ke/>aA'l]~ p..ou _7 [lS' "']

[ '" opE]wv (7) KaTEfJ'T} v '_~ [l'~ , ~ p..OX"o]i aUT1]S' '5~:~ ~I!~ Q IS'
Ll
--- --
..
---
. [
' /:'
'
....
"" ']" \ , \ , . \""'" '["" '" ']" ""'" \ " " " "
Column 3
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I I
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
(37)
(4J)
(38 )
(39)
(4)
(3 7)
(39)
(34)
(4 1)
3
31
32
33
34
35
36
(43)
(4 1)
(44)
(44)
(44)
37
38
39
40
41
42
(43)
(4 I )
(4 1)
(39)
(3 2)
(36)
(4)
(4 1)
43
44
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
AJKHPr ON
p ~ ~E _ KA I
ATOPHMAt
nOPEIAI:TPln
(4)
(39)
(4 1)
(43)
(43)
(39)
(4 1)
(37)
(4 1)
(4 1)
(45)
(42)
29
Column 3 Jo [z7 b ]-4Sa
10 [z7 b ]- 4 Sa
(42)
(42)
(44)
(47)
(4 1)
(45)
(49)
(46)
(37)
(4 1)
E
AcJ)H~E
,.
[ aLW~~
[8
[9
[
[
11
[
3 I
[
2
[T~II 1T0ALII T~V IJ-eyQ.,\TJV K]g.t K~P'I[~]OIl [:!e~~ ~~:~~
KAIN
II
[ lTOPEVOTJ
ENA
KA]EnE~ T
AnOT
Enl T
Ano
0~ TON0
EKTII~O~O),
~ IKIA~THI:ENXEP ~JN ArTnN_TI ~
nAP
H~A
10 0E O
I OT~HAnOA
KA I
uE
T AEPfAAT T
rA rT
H~nONHP
AK I AHE ,\
H~ENT
K
"
UNA" !
PE'Y
0A
T IEnE~TPEo/ANAnOTHE
EKAH0HI00EOEEnlTH
TO I ~K A I OTKEIIO I H~EX
KAIH0
I\Aln
E r '=: ATOnpo~ txt
I0
TOrcJ)rr EI
o"orO ~ ~'IO),ET
E<t>0A
E"EH
n:-';KAI
I
TH~nO"En
TOTALS: 1799 letters/column; 44 lines, 32 (short), 49 (long), 40. 88 (average) all / part of 25 lines preserved
from column , a\'e rage length
4I.00
le tters
\,\
~ \ . 11' ] P[ '~J
'._ 3 KaL, ["allEcrM'}
(lJIW
OE
)W[va KaL']
El~ -VWE:lJ"fJ ~~!ii :~ e~l!<; t~) ~<;~ lI[tIlEU1))
13
~ KaL"
, c
"
[ TJIJ-Epas
IJ-Las
E KT/PV.,E~
KaL']
l'
"f ]
E [~"
mE:II ETL :~~~~ ~~~~:::~
15
16
[~IJ-paL Kai VLVE U1) KaTaaTp)aq,~aE[ Ta L. 5 Kat IT{alrEVa~[v]
17
18
[
[
)1
20
21
22
[7
[
[aVapES' VLVEVTJ TcjJ OEcjJ Ka;]
" "
~~p[v~all IITJ(7TE{a~-';at]
avOpw- ]
KaL\ Ta\
1T0~
leT
Q I
"'Q
'
]
T/"T/, OL~ I"0ES'
KaL\'Ta
lTp 0l"aTa IJ-T/" YEvaaa
[ ,
vo" I!~ m] E- ' ,
26
27
" '!'
"
~
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
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B . TEXT WlTHOUT RECONSTRUCTIONS
Column 4
2
3
4
5
6
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8
9
10
I I
12-
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
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43
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45
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Column 5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
(33)
(33)
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(39)
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(35)
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TOTALS: 15 53 letters/column ; 42 lines, 33 (short) , 42 (long), 36.98 (average) a ll/part of 4 lines preser ved
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Column 5
Mi I.7b- [2.7]
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35
8. TEXT WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTIONS
34
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36
B. TEXT WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTIONS
Column 6
(30)
2
(30)
3 (3 6 )
4 (34)
5 (3 8)
6 ( 36)
7 (3 6)
8 (34)
9 (3 2 )
10
(33)
I I
(37)
12
(3 5)
13 (36)
14 (35 )
IS (34)
16 (34)
M i 2.7-3 .6a
Column 6
37
Mi 2.7- 3.6a
o
En I
A01'NANM
ENOl'KAIENnpOL0
LTHLAN _ KATENA
OAAIONE3EAl'L
T AlnOAEMO
I7
(3 5)
18 (3 5)
19 (3 6)
20 (35)
2I
(3 5)
22
(35)
23 (3 5)
24 (37)
25 (34)
26 (36)
27 (35 )
28 (34)
29 (3 6)
30 (36)
3 I (36)
32 (39)
33 (3 8)
34 (3 5)
35 (37)
36
37
38
(3s )
(33)
(H)
39
40
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42
(34)
(36)
(35)
(33)
N_ A
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TOTALS : 1 4 6 9 letters/column; 4 21 i:n es, 30 (short ), 39 (long), 34.97 (average) all/part of

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Column 7
2
(33)
(34)
3
4
5
6
(35)
(33)
(3 6 )
( 36)
7
8
(33 )
(35)
(34)
(34)
(32)
(33 )
(3 2 )
(34)
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(32)
(34)
(30)
(35)
(33)
(35)
(3 3)
(3 1 )
(35)
(34)
(3 2)
9
10
I I
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
[9
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3I
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
C . TEXT WITH RECONSTRUCTIONS
8. TEX T WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTIONS
(3 3)
(3 3)
(35)
(34)
(34)
(3 3)
(34)
(33)
(3 1 )
(33)
(34)
(33 )
(33)
(38)
(35)
(30)
Column 7
Mi [3.6b]- 4.5
39
Mi [36b]- 4.5
[
2
4
5
6
9
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
21
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22
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10
20
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36
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B . TEXT WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTIONS
40
Column 8
Mi 4.6- 5.4(5)a
Column 8
[' , ,
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
JO
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
(28)
(28)
(3 1)
(28)
~YNA
HNEKA
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(34)
(35)
(32)
(34)
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(34)
(3 2)
(33)
(32)
(3 2)
(37)
f17ErrAYTnNENTnOPEJ~El
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____ _ _ "
3
4
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7
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9
10
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12
13
14
1
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16
(39)
(35)
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(33 )
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(36)
(3 6)
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17
18
19
(35)
(32)
(30)
(28)
(3 6)
(3 6)
(35 )
(33)
(32)
(34)
(J4)
(37)
(33)
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(33)
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2.0
27
28
2.9
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w" a1TO TOV "V" KaL.~

EJWS" TOV ruw"oS". _____ _ " 8
[Kai aVo 7TUPY0S" 7TOlfL"{O V-;JX]liOO~;, 8vya '"lP' ,
(ouw'" (W'; OOV r;eE' Kai EAEuona]L 'I} dpx~ 'I}' ,
[7TpOT11,- ~;o:~;{a _Tll Ovy;; pi LEpOVO]aA11fL__ " 9

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(KTOUOT'/';; 10 ...... Kat ......, 8u]yaTEp o[~]
]
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25
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, , , ,
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24
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22
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Mi 4.6-5.4(5)a
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
I
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41
II
13
]
]
]
]
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30
[
topaT'/A___ L ________________
5. 1(2)
31
3 2 Kat OU, _OlKO [S' ...... E]q,pa8a. OAL[Y]OUTC)S' _TOU [El-]
, ,
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0
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
, ' TaL TOV E [l]~at _&p~[o]"Ta c... Tep l[opaT'/A. Kat a il

" ;gOOOL av.rov d7T' d[p]XTl'; #~ 'l}f' [Epciw a;(iwoS'.]
, '2(3)
TOV'TO 8O[OEl athou,; (W'; KatpOU TlKTOV-]
, , OT'/'; TEeerat, Kat [o{ E1rtAoL7TOt n,f)V dOEAq,wv]
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40
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8EOv [aVT~~]
41
42
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, , ';' ';' "; -, -,-, , , , ,- ,- ~ ~ ';' ~ :-, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ' [' ']
txp_
Column 9
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
(33)
(34)
(33)
(3 1 )
(30)
(33)
(3 2)
(33)
(27)
(27)
(32)
(32)
(34)
(31)
(37)
(JI)
Column 9
Mi 5-4(5)b--[6.4]
I EA0H :E
NKAIOTJEnIRIIEnITA:ERAP
EnErEPOTMENEnATTONEnTAn
OKTOAPXONTA:EAN0PUnu
:E I NTIJNrIlNA:E~OTPENP
rHN:\fEB pf!~ENn.t\ PA 2:
A:E:EOTPOTIEA8HEI:ET
EnIBHEJ:ETAOPIA
AornONIAKf!S
A~~O) ' rOT
f!:E~PO:EO:E
XO
[av7'7j flptlV'I'J 'LAaaovp (h~ ~~9?1 [~~ [nJll y1j1l]

[~JLW]V Kat OT~ b af3ii bTL !~~ ~ifl[~ ~ILWV, Kat]
~ , ,.
..., t
,
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7Tf 'Y f pOVlL flI f 7T aVTOV 7TTa 7T Olp.Eva!i Kat
3
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4 OKTW ~e~~~~~ av9pw7Tw[V. 5(6) K;;r;TOtlLo.

5 , , aL~ !~~ n~ o.aaovp Ell PC OIL<Patq. Kat nJv]
6 , 'y1j1l_vEfjpw8 EV~~e~r:~~' Kat PV(JfTo.t Eg
7 'Aaoovp, OTt fAOn E{!i T [~V y1jv ~ILWJl Kat OTt]
, "
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E7Tt/"rJ Et S TO. Opto. 7IILWV'--8
AOt7T~I;--:o.KWf} [Ev ILEOCP Aawv 7ToAAwv]
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10 , '~-; ~p-loo~ [7TC:po.
1
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11
12
, '~~[e!~!:, ~~ ~~~ ,. ..... ~~~e! ~~! ~~ '=~]
7(8)
20
(34)
(33)
(33)
(35)
(34)
(31)
(34)
(32)
(3 2)
21
(3 2 )
(3 2 )
(35)
(37)
(37)
(33)
(3 6)
30
[10(11)
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
(
[
[
(32)
(3 3)
(33)
(30)
(35)
(34
37
from column, ave rage length 3l. 36 letters
,.
19
TOTALS: 1377 letters/column; 42 lines, 27 (short), 37 (long) , 32.79 (average) all/ part of II lines p reserved
Mi 54(S)b- [64]
[' ,,...... ']" ,..,,,.... ". '" r ..'. "]
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
(30)
(34)
(34)
(32)
43
42
13
14
IS
16
17
18
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
38
39
40
41
42
8(9)
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
9(10) ]
[6.1
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
11(12)
12(13)
13(J4)
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
14( 15) ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
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4
]
]
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Column 13
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I I
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
(36)
(33)
(32)
(34)
(33)
(36)
(35)
(32)
(37)
(3 1)
(35)
(34)
(3 6)
(34)
(33 )
(32)
(36)
(33)
(31)
( 27)
(34)
(3 6)
(35)
(37)
(37)
(35)
(35)
(34)
(34)
(35)
(34)
(3 5)
(33)
(34)
(34)
(3 6 )
(34)
(3 2)
(34)
(3 5)
(29)
(33)
Column 13
Na [I.S]- [2.sa]
I
[ 5
3
4
5
6
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
8
9
10
I I
H3Q
Ol'l:n A
Hl:ET
301KO l'0
l'
TOTALS: 1425 letters/column; 42 lines, 27 (short) , 37 (long), 33.93 (average) all/part of 3 lines preserved
from column, average length 35.00 letters
45
Na [I.S]- [2.sa]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
[
[
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
[
[
[
[
[ 12
18
[
[
[
]
]
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
]
]
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I I
13
Ka~ TO~ ~E'O-]
(J.Lov~ GOII ~tappN~w. [14 KaL EV'TE).E'iTa, !~~ ~~1

[t~ ,Lov O1Tq.[ph/OE'T [a , (Ie TOV ovO,...aTO~ Ga ll En.]
[E]~ O&KOII 8[E'O]Y [ aov E~0).E'8pE' vGW ]).V7T:~!:: Kat]
]
[
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[2.1(1.15)
]
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[
[
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)
2
]
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33 [
34 [
35 [
36 [
37
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38 [
39
40
41
42
]
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)
]
)
)
]
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)
~e~J:~Q!:::1
46
Column 14
Column 14
Na 2.Sb--[3.4]
Na 2Sb-[34]
.......... . .... .. .......................... .... .... ,
[
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12.
13
14
J5
16
17
18
19
2.0
21
2.2
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3J
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
(27)
(31)
(35)
(33)
(33)
(2.9)
(3 2 )
(35)
(35)
(37)
(34)
(31)
(34)
(33)
(36)
(35)
(3 2.)
(39)
(31)
(37)
(33)
(27)
(3 3)
(30)
(30)
(2.7)
(33)
(3 2)
(26)
(37)
(35)
(J7)
(34)
(35)
(34)
(33)
(31)
(3 2 )
(3 2 )
(27)
(29)
(28)
T AIMNHI0HIETAI4TNAITilNATTor
0ENHIOYIINENTAIInOPEIA IATTilN
AITAXTNOTIINEnlTATEIXHRAJETOIMAIE
OEnIRAATMMA _ _ ___ ____ _ _ __ _____ __ _
A TONnOTAMilNHNOIX0HIANRAIONA
AET0HRAIHAAMnHNHAnER AT~8
HRAIAIABPAIATTHIAf MEN 10
EPONAnO~0Err MEN
N J
THROATM
ATTOJ~ET
TPE<1l0
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47
6
7
8
I
10
ON
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
N4PAN
EAEfEI
TEOEN
TA E
0PE
ERAI
TE
IRA!
8E
TOTALS: 1364 letters/column; 4 2 lines , 26 (short), 39 (long). 32.47 (average) all /part of 24 Jines preserved
from column, average length 32. 25 letters
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
."
TaL . 6 fLV7J(J8~CJTat 8vvaCJTwv athou,
K]
aL
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42
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3
4
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48
Column 15
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(34)
(34)
( 30)
(28)
Column I S Na [3-4]-[3- 18]
Na [3-4]- [3 -18]
3
4
[
[
[
~EAnon
f1flf>HKE
0ENZHTHtnrr
12
( 30 )
(28)
20
(3 8 )
(34)
(33)
(33)
(33 )
(31 )
(3 6)
(3 5)
2 I
22
23
24
25
26
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
27
12
~ AE::'-InOTAM O I ~
13
14
I ~X l'~0AAAt ~ Al' .1 n
ItXTtA Y H~KAIAl
<1> 0 l' .1 KA I A I B1-
KAlr E AY T HEI~AnOI
MAAfl
AKAtrE T
IS
16
17
]8
HNnA~n
19
T H ~ BAAOY
20
21
(J3)
(34)
E ~YZH T
(3 3)
(35)
(33)
(31 )
NT AT A
23
24
25
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
(33 )
(33)
(34)
(35)
(3 6 )
(36)
(3 1 )
(34)
(34)
(33)
(3 :3)
(30)
(28)
40
(30)
41
42
(33)
(33)
~ Kon
~AA EY 0
L T OM
N TO~
ANO X0
nYP T TLMOX
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nLTOY~A ~ TErA~ T
A IE 3 EnE
OX A
T OTAL S: 1370 letters/col u mn; 4 2 lines , 28 (short), 38 (long), 32.61 (average) all / part of 31 lines preserved
fr om column, average len gth 33.r6 letters
UTEVa~EL au-:i!j 7T0-]
8EV '1]rr}UW 71[apa~~~~Q~~~ ~~!; ___ _8]
M"
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laxUs au['Tliis Ka; a iy[ V7TTOS, Kat OUK funv 7T-]
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p,aAw [~!lC}, Kat i'~ T[a. V~7Tta alhijS' .........]
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I I
I I
22
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
]
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[Ka]i fh,ow [OE WS ........ 7 Kai f OTaL 1T(i... 0 opWV]
10H~fl
(32)
(32)
(34)
(33)
(29)
(28)
49
C . TEXT WITH RECONSTRU C TIONS
B. TEXT WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTIO N S
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50

Column 16
N a [3. r8]- Ha
I. I
la
Column 16
(28)
2
(36)
3 (37)
4 (3 6 )
5 (3 J)
6 (35)
7 (3 5)
8 (3 5)
9 (35)
10
(3 5)
1
J J
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(35)
10
12
(35)
13 (33 )
14 (3 6)
15 (36)
16 (3 3)
17 (39)
18 (36)
19 (37)
20
(3 6)
21
(35)
22
(35)
23 (33)
24 (33)
25 (3 5)
26 (34)
27 (33)
28 (34)
29 (3 J)
3 0 (34)
31
(33)
(37)
(34)
35 (34 )
3 6 (34)
37 (32)
3 8 (33)
39 (34)
40 (3 1)
41 (31)
42 (3 5)
32
33
34
I I
12
Al:ATEOT I EP
AIl:'fMONO'f
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Column 17
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I I
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
B . TEXT WITHOUT RECONSTRU C TIONS
52
(3 5)
(34)
(3 6)
(35 )
(3 3)
(28)
(32)
(34)
(33)
(29)
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(36 )
(33)
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(3 6)
(33)
(3 9 )
(37)
(30)
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(36)
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(4)
(3 8)
(35)
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(33)
(37)
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(39)
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H a [1.1 Ib]- 2.8a
Column 17
53
Ha [I. IIb]- 2.8a

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TOTALS : 1453 letters/col um n; 42 lines, 28 (short), 4 1 (long). 34.59 (ave rage) aU /part of 34 lines preserved
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Column 18
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
4I
B. TEXT WITHOUT RE C ONSTRUCTIONS
54
(28)
(29)
(3 2 )
(32 )
( 3 1)
(34)
(3 2 )
(32)
(27)
(2 5)
(28)
(2 8)
(27)
(28)
(2 7)
(24)
(27)
(24)
(2 8)
(28)
(27)
(30)
(30)
(26)
(3 I)
(29)
(25)
(2 5)
(25)
(26)
(29)
(2 9)
(28)
(28)
( 25)
(26)
(29)
(2 5)
(28)
(2 5)
(29)
Column 18
H a [2.8b]- 2.20
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I I
12
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42
TOTALS : 1 146 letter s/ column; 42 lines, 24 (short), 34 (long), 27.95 (average) all /part of 30 lines preserved
from column, average length 27. 53 letters
55
Ha [2.8b}-2.20
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Column 19
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
:30
31
32
33
34
35
(30)
(2 9)
(29)
36
37
38
(3)
(2 9)
(30)
(2 8 )
(2 9)
(2 9)
(2.8)
39
40
41
42
()o)
(30)
(28)
(29)
[3. 1
[2
3
4
[
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6
7
10
15
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[ 7
19
20
26
27
28
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
~IE T PH
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40
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41
TOTAL S: 1.82 letters/column; 42 lines, 21 (short), 35 (long), 28.14 (average) all/part of 19 Jines preserved
from column, average length 2 9 .00 letters
]
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29
30
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16
23
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17
18
24
25
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57
H a [3 I ]- 3. I Sa
Column 19
Ha [3.I ]- 3,lsa
(30)
(27)
(31)
(29)
(21)
(24)
(26)
(30)
(3 1 )
(29)
(29)
(33)
(21)
(2 1)
(27)
(25)
(31 )
(26)
(3 1 )
(32)
(27)
(24)
(26)
(30)
(2 7)
(2 8)
(2 8)
(28)
42
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14
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, , ~~~re~'!l<:!. ~I!~~ ::~ l~~e<:I!<: atJTwII ' ,
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, , , ' [ ' , , , '] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Column
23
24
25
(3 I)
(3 2)
(30)
(32)
(30)
(33)
(3)
(3 I)
(33)
(33)
(32)
(25)
(29)
(27)
(32)
(29)
(30)
(3 f)
(3 I)
(3 f)
(3 1 )
(30)
(26)
(29)
(3 I)
26
(29)
27
28
(3)
(3 I)
(30)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
58
(3)
(30)
(27)
(3 2)
(34)
(3 2)
(3)
(3 1 )
(3 I)
(3 1 )
(27)
(30)
(30)
20
Column
Ha [3.ISb]-Zp I.6a
20
H a [3.ISb]- Zp I.6a
~H
NArnrH
ErN
T HEr
nOEKA
Toyor
POEonor
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3
4
5
6
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7
8
[
[
17]
]
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
]
[
]
[
19
]
[
]
[
]
[
]
[ ________________________________ ]
[ ________________________________ ]
20
[ _____________ ___ ____ _ _____ ___ ___ ]
21
[ _ ____ __ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ __ ]
22
[1. I
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TOTALS: 1274 letters/column; 4 2 lines, 25 (short), 34 (long), 30 .33 (average) all /part of 18 lines preserved
from column, ave rage length 30 .33 letters
35
36
37
38
0)"
[
, 'VIOV aff'wv (jaclIMw, lOvcSa. __ 2 L'v1va'Vwvll'
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18
24
25
32
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31
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16
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59
39
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60
Column 21
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:to
I I
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
C . TEXT WITH RECONSTR U CTIONS
B . TEXT WITH O UT RECONSTRUCTIONS
Column 21
Zp [I.6b]- 1, 18a
(3 5)
(32)
(32)
(33)
(33)
(34)
(3 1 )
(34)
(33)
(33 )
(33)
(34)
(35)
(34)
(33)
(32)
(35)
(33)
(34)
(3 I)
(35)
(3 2)
(3 I)
(33)
(3 3)
(33 )
(3 1)
(3 J )
Zp [I.6b]- I.18a
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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25
19
(36 )
(29)
(32)
(35)
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(28)
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(27)
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(32)
(33)
(29)
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61
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62

Column
22
Zp
[I.I8b]-2.JO
(28)
2 (29)
3 (30)
4 (30)
5 (28)
6 (28)
7 (26)
8 (29)
9 (29)
10
(26)
11
(28)
12 (31)
13 (26)
14 (28)
J 5 (28)
16 (28)
17 (30)
18 (26)
J9
(29)
20 (29)
2I
(30)
22 (26)
23 (28)
24 (30)
2S (3 0 )
26 (2 7)
27 (24)
28 (29)
29 (28)
30 (28)
3 1 (27)
32 (26)
Column
Zp
22
63
[I.I8b]- 2.IO
33
34
35
(3 3)
(31)
(3 1 )
3 6 (3 3)
37 (2 8)
38 (28)
39 (27)
40 (29)
41 (2 9)
4 2 (27)
20
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21
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
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34
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TOTALS: 1197 letters/column; 42 lines, 24 (short), 33 (long), 28.50 (average) all/part of 8 lines preserved
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41
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B. TEXT WITHOUT RECONSTR UC TIONS
Column 23
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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II
[2
13
14
[5
16
17
18
19
20
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22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4
41
42
C. TEXT WITH RECONSTRUCTION S
Zp [2. [ 1]- 3 7
Column 23
(33)
(3 3)
(34)
(3 2)
(3 4)
(32)
(35)
(3 ()
(34)
(3 2)
(33)
(32)
(35)
(3 r )
(37)
(34)
(3 2)
(33 )
(33)
(35)
(30)
(34)
(33)
(33)
(3 1 )
(34)
(33)
(35)
(3 2)
(34)
(26)
(3 2)
(30)
(3 I)
(32)
(3 1)
(27)
(29)
(29)
(25)
(28)
(3 2)
Zp [2.11]-3 .7
[II
16
17
18
19
[
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[
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20
[1(2)
21
22
23
24
25
26
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7
8
9
10
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12
13
14
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27
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TOTALS : 1346 letters/column; 42 lines , 25 (short), 37 (long), 32 .04 (ave rage ) all/part of 7 lines p reserved
from column, ave r age length 28.7 I letters
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
65
12
13
14
3. 1(1 5)
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Column 28
32
33
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(3 0)
(30)
(3 0)
(30)
(30)
(3 )
(28)
34
(3 8 )
35
36
37
38
39
(26)
(28)
(26)
(28)
(25)
(32)
(33)
(27)
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
40
41
42
[Hg (end) ]- Za I.4 a
C olumn 28
[
4 [
8
9
[
[
]
]
10
1I
12
13
14
15
16
17
[
[
[
[
[
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]
]
]
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18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
[
[
[
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26
Ol'iE66n
lit
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W 1TnN6 rNAM
JlEOMAlnpOErMA1:ElnENt
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MHrEINE
KA
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T AIOIEl'inp01:9ENI\ErONTEL
[ _____________ __ _______ __ _ ]
27
[ ____ _ _ __ ________ __ _______ ]
28
[ __ _______________________ ]
29
[ ___ ___ ______ ____________ _ ]
30
3I
32
33
34
35
36
[1.1
37
38
39
40
4I
42
ff~!!~~~' ~~~~{!~ , ,~ ! ~ ~ ,
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lines preserved
[vt1ov EMw [TOV
1TPO~~'TT/V
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from column, average length 2 9 . 10 lette rs
[Hg (end) ]- Za I.4a
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Column 29
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
l[
12
13
14
15
16
33
34
35
]6
37
38
39
40
(,3)
(32)
(3 2)
(29)
41
42
(3,I)
(30)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
13
14
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16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
3S
36
37
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38
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39
40
41
42
nroL
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TOTALS: 12 71 letters/column; 42 lines , 27 (short), 34 (long), 30.26 (average) all /part of 8 lines p reserved
from column , average length JO.25 lette rs
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Za [I.4b]-[ I. I sa]
Column 29
Za [I.4b]-[I.Isa]
(3 I)
(29)
(27)
(30)
(29)
(30)
(3 2)
(3 I)
(33)
(29)
(32)
(30)
(32)
(28)
(3 1)
(3)
(29)
(30)
(3 2)
(27)
(3 2)
(3 1)
(30)
(30)
(30)
(29)
(30)
(33)
(28)
(3 2)
(3 1)
( 27)
(34)
(30 )
(3 I)
( 27)
17
18
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...
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"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
... ]
B. TEXT WfTHOUT RECONSTRUCTIONS
70
Column 30
I
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1I
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2 I
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
4I
42
Column 30
Za [ I. ISb]- 2.12(8)a
(37)
(36)
(30)
(3 6 )
(3 2 )
(37)
(36 )
(33)
(3 2 )
(35)
(34)
(39)
(36)
(34)
(34)
(34)
(33)
(33)
(3 7)
(34)
(3 8)
(35)
(39)
(3 6)
(37)
(37)
(3 8)
(3 0)
(33)
(34)
(33)
NT A l' T
T AAIKMH
IEPOY
PE~
Y
A
22
POI:
T AI:TI
YI:
ElI:
Y'
ATOIK
rA
E .\ E rE
2H I:A
I:TElAEN
TOTALS: 1425 letters/column; .p lines , 26 (short), 39 (lo ng), 33. 92 (average) aU/part of 22 lines preserved
Za [1 .I Sb]- Z.lz(8)a
.,
21
OA A
AOI:ETE
71
]
]
2
[
]
16
3 [
]
4 [
]
5 [
]
6 [
]
17
7 [
]
8 [
]
9 [
]
10 [
]
2.1(1.18)
11
[
]
2(1.19)
12[
\_\
"
"
'
]
O[
"
\
\
13 [ayyEI\ov TOV I\W\OIJVTa EV EpOL T& EaTl v Tall! a ; ]
14 [Ka, Et'IT~ 'lTPO!) p E Tatn-a 7"(1 KpaTa]
T~ ~~I!~: ~.
I 5
[oaVTa TOV wooav ~ TOV ,opa'YI~ ~~! !~!:\!f~~:
16 [~~!11!. ____ 3(I.20) Kai E8of~ 1'0'
TOoa]e!~'
17 [TKTOVa
!) , 4( I. 21) Kat Et'ITa Tl OtH-OI EPXOVTa&!~lQ'
.8 ['lTO(1)oaL; Ka, Et'IT~ ~!l'~!: Tatn-a TQ KpaT]a"
19 [
]
20 [
]
I
(34)
(2 6)
(3 2 )
(2 7)
(34)
(29)
(33)
(3 2 )
(34)
(31)
(31)
5( J)
]
]
6(2)]
]
].
[TO pr;KOS ~~! ' 7(3) Ka'
0 aYYE~O!)] 0 ~a-
\
, , \ '
,
' '']\ ''''
[I\WV
EV Ep Ol !~'!!~e!~!!~!, Kal ayyE ~O!) ETE
'
,
"
, -] ___ .. 8( 4 )
[p O!) EK1TOpEIJET al O!) awaVT'YIOLV aVTcp.
[Ka& ~Et'ITE~ 'lTpJ;~avTov _8pO.PE ~ ~a~'YIoov 'IT )pO!) ,
' VEav,av
I .EKOVOV I\EYWV ~!~!2" !~! !!:
[ TOV
[~2"!!! lEPOIJOaA'YIP ?? 411'0 1I'~1}8o]IJ!) ' ,
["."" ... " ..... , 9(5) Ka, ;yw EOOpa&] Ea!) ' ,
[av:~~, MYEL
T Eixos 'lTIJPO!) K]V- :--:
\'8
"
~
I~"
KI\O
EV
Kal
O!)
oosav
Eoopal EV pEOcp aVT1'1!),
[
[10(6) Ova, ova, Ka& q,EtJyETE 411'0 Y* (Joppa,)' .
38 [Myo~,
~i!~~ Tooae!!) aVEI!~~!]
39 [Toli ovpavoii ""'" .. vpas, AfYEL

40 [1 1(7) Q~~ Ea!) O!!WV 4vaoqJ~~~, _ K]q.To'K[~Qaa) Q[IJ]ya- ' .
4 1 [Tpa fJafJv~wvO!) . __ I2(8) ~!! Ta~]E MYf['

42 [TWV
........ _ SvvapEwv
......... .... _ _ _ _ _ lm{ow ~01 ['7S 4[1I'E1 9TE'~V'
44__ _
.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
[
[
[
[
[
,80v
\'
" }
"
f-rt7,
I';-
t \rf1.]' .
tif?r .
[""
~,."" ~,.""""
. "' '''''''' tI ]"""" '['"'' "]' "''''''
72
Column 31
Za [2.12(8)b]-3. 7a
2
3
4
S
(33)
(3 2)
(3 6)
3
4
[
[
[
[
(35)
(33)
(39)
(22)
(3 I)
(28)
(3 1)
(34)
(33 )
(3 4)
[14( 10)
[
[
[
[
[
.[
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2S
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
3S
36
37
38
39
4
4'
42
(3)
(34)
(33)
(34)
(3 1 )
(27)
(34)
(36)
(3 6)
(30)
(34)
(3 2)
(34)
(3 4)
( 32 )
(3 0)
(3)
(32)
(3' )
(34)
(33)
(35 )
(3 2)
(33)
(33)
(32 )
(31 )
]
]
13(9) ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
16(12)
]
EKAE-]
[p.E
2
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
IS
3 ETAI
16
16
Za [2 .12(8)b]- 37 a
Column 31
(28)
(28)
~AP=A
TA l
17
18
19
KAlE
20
21
NAY T
.1 I
iUElnEN
nlTI
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
no Y
AIElnENnp
YAErnNA
29
30
A )'TO)'_ K A
A A no~o)'
KJ~I\PINKA
KAIEnE0HK
Enl T IlNK
E I~'IATJA
\1 ArT)' PA
32
33
TA
~EMETE
5( II)
"{!!~~ ['n ~
IEpovaa).11IL. _ 17(13) ~~~~~~~~ 7TliO'a]

,
~.,
' to '
]
11'0\ 11'p0O'W11'0V
' -l ?, ~ !! f~fY'1YEP
, ' Ta L [ EK !~~ ~~!~~~!l!'2e~ &)'{~~ ath ov ___ 3 I]
,.
\ to '[
O'ap~ a
' K at' f.[ on5~

'" to' /LO' !~~
" '11O'OVV
- 'TOil
\ IEpEa
, 'T OV
']
[
]
~~[cf~o'\oS' ~~::!!~~~ EK Sfg,W]V aUT[ oli TOU]
[olO.~illf W alhov. 2 K]ai f l11'fll [t~]
[;;o~-;J~Lcf~~:\~v E]mn[p.~a~t
v ao {,]
[
]
[
]
[
3]
[
)
f't1
4
f O'TTJKoTaS'
11'PO 11'p0O'w] 7]'9'1 [ TOU
.
'
\
K] at' fL11'
f~ 1Tp [oS'
'TOV>
C'
"
~~
'!~~
ANEnl T
THNI{l n
HN:\1' T O'fK
r r EA o ~tx
rrEAo~ t
T AnEAErE I tXf?TnNLll'
T A I k 0 .1 0 I k ~I 0 )' n 0 PEr 0 H ~
I{HN~10r())rAA :=: H~I{A I rE~ r
OJKON~O),KAlrE())
A :=: EI~ T
KAt
n~OIE Nn
TOTALS: 1358 letters/column; 42 iines, 22 (short), 39 (long), 32 ,33 (aver age) all /p a rt of 25 lines preserved
from column , average length 33.32 letters
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
]
av.,
. . \'
' [Ao. 1'\
\
..
['TO ] U I\fYWV a 'l'El\fTE 'Ta ~ana 'Ta
\"
"
, . ~ \ ,A. ' ]
"
]
_
[
[ a11' aVTOU._Ka L fL11'f~ 11'po> aV'TOIi wo v a 'l'T/
"
[
\.
,
.., ]
[P11K ]a ~'!~ ~~~ ::'!l~ aliolLla~ aov, Ka L f IlOU

[aatl O'f ILfTf[KOUl:Lahc,I. 5 [Kat E111'a E11'{()fTf]
,.;""
31
73
:ClSap;;'
:C~T8-;pjd-;'-j;;'i
'T[ ~II
KfCP~~~V
' ]
aV'TOv .]
.Ka t\"E11'E()11K [a ll] :: 7J~ KLO'''[aptll !'2~, Ka ()a pa' ll)

\
. f,11'L, 7TJII
\ K[A.
- \] TJV
, aU70U
- K[at, flIf
, ''''ovaav aV7
, 0V
, ]
f'l'U/\
' &dna, [Kal_ a ]yydo> X[t1' -{;;~~~~. 6 Kat ~:]
, fLa p'Tupa( 70 a]YYEAO>
iTJa' " Mywv 7)
f17
t
trxt1' ....
::0~ ~~r~i~~':l~- -_Eall Ell]

OOOLS' ILOU 11'0PfU(}ll~ [ Ka t Eav :~~ p~~~:]
, , ~ ~~ fLou cpu>"cfgT/> , Kat i'~ av [ OLaKP'"fL> 7011]
, ...
'
,
).,[ ']' to
r'
.\ ,
]
OL KOII fLou ' KaL i' ~ 't'_~ ~ a ~H> :.b~~ aU I\~~ fLoU
T6lu MYH
, ''Ta i S'
, ' Kat [8wa]w aot
~~'Ii~e:l'!r~:9Q~:~~ Ell
"_ .[
, ,
.. . , [' , , , , ... , . , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
fLacp]
.. , .)')
B . TEXT WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTION S
74
Column BI
(22)
(22)
(22)
( 22)
(22)
(23)
(21)
(2 2)
9
10
II
12
13
(24)
(22)
(2 3)
(22)
(26)
14
15
16
(2 3)
(22)
(1 8)
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
(23)
(17)
( 20)
(22)
(21)
(21)
2
3
4
5
6
7
(19)
(22)
( 19)
( I8)
(20)
(2 I)
(20)
(20)
(20)
([ 8)
Za [8.r8]- 8.23a
Za [8.18]-8.23 a
Column BI
[
TE l
IK!2
:'J KAI
KAT TH N_A
EIPHNHN_A
1_ TO N _ ~ rN A
00LJ:'J _ AAOl _ KAI
nOAEIl:_nOA
1:0 NT AJ_KA TO
l:MIAN
MEN _ no
AIl:EKE J
NTA I_ ~E
O N ._ TQ N
NQN_ K
(20)
TOTALS: 697 letters/column; 33 lines, 17 (s h ort) , 26 (long), 21. r 2 (average) aU/part of 17 lines preserved
from column, average length 2I.88 letter s
18
3
4
5
[
[
1} :!:~e:] . ,
19
[!11 Kat V'f/C1TICl ~ TT(,.,.1T'"1 Kat]' .

6 ["11C1Tla ~ i/3M,.,.1j Kat "11o]nt- '
7 [Cl ~ SKClT1j OOV'Ta, Tep 0 ]iK4J
8 r,ovoa & S ftXPpouVv-q] v_Ka&'
" '"1"
, _a
, . ..
9
fiS O
pTas ayCl8'
as, _] KaL
'
\
]
"
,
..
\
'8
10
[1\1'] flav KClI T1jV E&PTJV'f/V _ a
'
1I
.____] ___ ______ .. 20
[ yClTTTJOClT
'
"
12
13
14
I5
16
17
18
[TaS
'\(y,
txt]L:0~-~~~: ' .
Jt!<:,~ !<:'~ " !~l~<:'~~ _'\aot -;;KCli'
[KaToIKoVv-rfS] _1TOAE&S_1TO~- "
['\&s. 2 I KClt !~!~] OOV'Ta~_KClTO[ 1-]' ,
[Koiivns?? -'tf~~ !!~h ,.,.Ia v _
[,\(Y0V'TS"
TTop
v8w],.,.v
- !!~1e!~:)
[~e!~~
19
20
21
22
23
24
[
[
25
26
27
28
29
22
[
23
]
[
)
[l v -rClis ~,.,.(p]als lKU1vClIS]
[lay lmAa/3w]v7Cl&_()([KCl O:v-]
30 [Sp S" lK TTClo]wv_n.,v_[yAwO-]
3 1 [owv TWV l 8]vwv_K[at lmAa-]
32 [/3WV'TCl&
]
33 [
]
7S
76
Column B2
C. TEXT WiTH RECONSTRUCTIONS
Column B2
Za 8.23b--[9.7]
o
0
I
(22)
(25)
(25)
(28)
(22)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jl
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
(24)
(26)
(24)
(23)
(24)
( 24)
(23)
(23)
(25)
(23)
(25)
(23)
(24)
(20)
(22)
(2 2)
(2 2)
(22)
(22)
(22)
(22)
(22)
(22)
(22)
(2 2)
(22)
Za 8.23b-[97]
["" ']" """" """ ["']

[1TO]/?E voofuIJG _J-LE8' ~e-I0~, ~~]
[d] ~'1/KOaI-'E V_ eE O>-J-LEIJ' [V/-Lwv . _ _ - 9,l J
' Al}/-L/-LG
_V [Y?7 ~l;p""axf" KaL l; a/-LaOK01L~~:~'!~Yr~~ am-oil,]
PEYl:O\1 EBA _ ME0 )'~1

KHKOAMEN_0EOL _ MEB
, A H M M A A 0 roy _t-xp _EN
"KAI _ 6AMAl:KOT _ KATAnAY
, 'OT ,_ TH _tXf7_0<,l)0AA
' 'lJpdm,!!~ _ Ka L 7TCl~0~ ~[v~0~ "Tou]
"
0pnnnN _ KAI_nALnN~
I LPAHA _ KAI _ rE_EMAB _

THN _ TYPOL_KAI _ LEI6
<l>PO~HLEN _ L<,l)06P A
MIILEN _T YPOL_OX Y
KAI _ EllOTNIl:EN _AP
XOiN _ KA I _ XPTLION
, , E:=:06 nN _ I 601' _ t x
"MHLEI _ A1'THN _ KAln
0AAALLAN 6 iNAMI
AYTH _ EN _ nTPI _ K T AN
TAl K 10
(24)
(23)
TOTALS: 764 letters/column ; 33 l.ines, 20 (short), 28 (long), 23.15 (average) all /part of 17 lines preserved
3
5
'\oyov-tX-P'
' , 1~,
:0- tXf7 - ~p~~~v:~~ dv-]
\
lopa'1/I\.
_2
KG'_i' ~_ E/-La
IJ - [.~e~,:
Ir
'
]
~ av
,. !' '!J~, _"T VpOS _K UI _ O~'l wv,
~:~ E
. cpp6vTJo~v _ocpol;pa. [3 Kat
-oxu[pwe-~ avTr}]

,
I
, [I
]
KG,"12
_ !-'01JVIOEV
_Clp
YIJPlOV WS
12
xoilv ~~""ar:Xpvotov
13
' '!{ol;wv_4 ~~~_
14
15
' 'J-L~ot _aV'Tl1V_ Ka, 1T[a'Tat1 is]

' 'lJa'\aooClv SVVClJ-LI[ v am-l}S, Kai]
16
17
J8
. . avTr} _v_7TvpLK[a]"Tav[a,\wO~OE-]
' . 'TClt_5 ~r~li 9[I/J'TClt aOKa'\wv Kai]
[
10
77
[WS 7T"1'\OV]
tX[t1 K'\'1/POVO- ]
19
20
21
22
23
~
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
[
[
[
[
]
7
]
]
]
]
[
[
]
]
78
Additional Fragments (unidentified)

I.
Zp
(PAM 40.566)
2:JO
(col 22, J.42)?
D. NOTES ON PALAEOGRAPHY
AND IDENTIFICATION
r ]wv"
2
L
2. (PAM
4.566)
].,,[
representing earlier photographs.
].[
3 (PAM 40.566)
]<!J
]0"
3 ]8-q "
4 (PAM 40.559)
Mi 1:5
I
Cols. 2-4 (plates I-IV)- Due to deterioration of the leather at the edges and to a slightly
different arrangement there are some differences between plate I, representing a recent
photograph (not including the fragments published by B. Lifshitz), and plates II-IV,
lrav[Ta
Col. 3. 11. 10-11 (10 3:3)---The identification of fragment b on plate III is based on the
assumption that the tetragrammaton on 1. 1 I together with the spaces on both sides amount
to some 6-7 letters (cf. col. 18, I. 24). The identification is further supported by the fact that
three other fragments from the same lot (published by B. Lifshitz) have been preserved for
these lines (fragms. a, c, d on plate III). Note also the similarity between these fragments in
the colour of the leather and the thinness of the letters. Note that fragm ent b has been
identified by Lif. (fragm. 6) as Na 2:8-<) (I. 2: Kat N[wEv'l]]).His reconstruction, however, is
not possible as part of the text reconstructed by him h as actually been preserved in a
different position . Nor does the omega on 1. I fit the preserved part of the omega of
[1TEpLOT]EpWV (col. 14,1. 8). The space between the lines on this fragment is larger than that on
the main fragment of col. 14, where Na 2:8--() would have belonged.
Col. 3,1. 35004:1) 1}Q[Vf-L'l]oEv]-Barth. 163 notes that some letters were lost in Jo 4:1. He
5 (PAM 4.566)
see notes in D on Mi I: J and N a 3:9- J 0
Col. 4, I. 24-What looks on the photograph like /'iQI and co uld, with some imagination, be
]"
2
]ov"
]al"
6. (PAM 40.559 [hand B])

Za 4:8-10
3
4
5
6
'*
[
] "
[,, MywII 9 al Xip.. ZopofJafJ]A' ,
[h,,AlwClall TO il 011(011 Toli] TO il'
[I(at ai XEips a.nov f7Ti T.\fClOJI!9.'!' .
.
,
,
,
f'!
h ]. "
[ allTOII I(al 7T1 yvwClll 07"1 0
It i" _
[~a7TCJ'TaA/('" fU "pO!; ul J 0 OTI T;") .
tL
For possible identificatio ns. st!c n nw E . Puech, "Lcs fragm ents
non identifies de 8KhXJlgr ct Ie ma nllscrit grec des Douze
**
probably refers to this word, of which now only the first two letters are visible, although the
word itself is transcribed by him as 1}[OV}f-L'l]OEV.
taken as !Q/'i(A) written upside down in the space after the book of Jonah, actually
represents mere holes in the leather.
Col. 4, 11. 28-<) (Mi I: I )- At the end of these lines additional fragment 5 could be placed
(note [~EK{OV] at the end of I. 28 and [Kat] at the end of 1. 29 as well as a short I. 27). However,
at the beginning of 1. 30 there is no room for [tEl (now r econstructed at the end of 1. 29) and
furthermore on the fragment there is more room between the lines than on the main text of
col. 4.
Col. 4, 1. 38- See note on additional fragment 4.
Col. 6, ll. 4o-2- The right and left sides of these lines do not occur on the same level on plate
V due to shrinkage of fragment b.
Col. 7 , l. 41 (Mi 4:5)- The base of the preserved part of the delta of ~E is slanted. In view of
the MT, LXX and the available space, SEis nevertheless the only possible reconstructi on.
Col. 13, l. 21 [oLappNt w-Reconstructed differently by Lif. (fragm. 5 [Na I :9)): [Aoy]{~ ~q[E].
The cross-bar of the first letter (eta) is clearly visible. The second letter is a xi.
Petits Prophetes" , RB 98 (1991 ) 16, -yo
Col. 13, l. 22 OU o1T~[PhloET[aL]-Reconstructed differently by Lif. (fragm. 3): [1TpEo,BvTEp]ov<;
1T4[v'Ta<;]. The latter reconstruction (JI I: 14) is impossible as there is a large space before oU.
Id enti fication hy E . Puech, ibid ., 166 - 7. improvin g on ou r

earlier identification ("4: 7-8?").
Col. 14, l. 36 [7TA:r]Oo]v<;-Reconstructed differently by Lif. (fragm. 8 [Za 4:8-9]):
80
DISC O VERIES TN TH E JUDAEAN DESERT VIII
Zo[po,8a,8EA]. The reconstruction of this fragment as Na 3:3 is based on the reading of these
two letters. Upsilon and sigma are clearly visible.
Col. 15, n. 15- 16 (Na 3:9- IO)- Additional fragment 5 can be placed at the ends of these
lines (note [aou] at the end ofl. 15) only if the chi, now reconstructed at the end of 1. 16, would
be written at the b eginning of the next line. However, there is no room for that letter and the
division of the word in the middle of a syllable would b e unusual for hand A. At present the
text is reconstructed as [alx.-)( 16 )lLaAw[ a,19-'
Col. 15, I. 28- '1!'Jp T[o]v~Reconstructed differently by Lif. (fragm. I): ~VPT/ (sic) . Lifshitz's
reconstruction (Ho 2:8) differs mainly in one letter from ours: the last letter on the fragment
clearly is part of a tau.
Col. 17-22- There are slight differences between plate XVII I (recent photograph) and
p lates XI- XV. See the note on cols. 2-4 .
Col. 17, II. 23-5-Fragment c (plate XI) can b e placed at the ends of the lines because of t he
structure of the m argin and the gluing of the two columns.
Col. 18,1. 18 (Ha 2:[5) 1'[cjJ]-Less likely: 7![ort'ovTk, based on an unusu al pi.
Col. 18--The text of this column h as one line less th an the two adjacent columns (see plate
XIX). There are a few traces of letters on 1. 42 and it appears that it had been inscribed
previously and then erased, p rob ably because the scribe wanted to start the new section (H a
3:1) at the beginning of a n ew column.
Col. 19. 1. 26 (H a 3:9) pa,8~[o]l! ~T races of some fou r lett ers are visible afte r this word .
Barth. reads MYH te[tr] ( = L XX), but t his reconstruction creates too long a text.
Reconstruct ion according to MT req uires a different text.
Col. 19, I. 35-Traces of additional letters are visible on the leather.
Col. 20, ll. 35-42-ln these lines a thinner pen is used .
Col. 21, 11. 35--9--There are faint traces of several additional letters on the leather.
Col. 22, 1. 42-The traces of t he letters occur at a higher level than the remainder of the
words, but th is m ay be due to the shrinking of the leather.
Col. 23, II. 39- 40 [1T-](40)11yr]-See note on the reconstruction.
Col. 30, 1. 4 1 [TaS]E My~(,]-Reconstructed differently b y Lif. (fragm. 9 [Za 8:21]) : EAEYO[V].
The remnant of the third epsilon appears a little higher than the p revious letter, so that an
omicron would be possib le as well.
Col. 30, 1. 42 [So1t 11S" ci[7TE1qrHAEv-R econstructed differently by Lif. (fragro. 9 [Za 8:2 I): [Kat
'11)1'iJaa(,]. The first preserved letter clearly is a xi and cannot be a tau.
Col. 31, 1. 3S-K[at]-For shape of p reserved bottom part of kappa, d. 1. 41.
C ol. B2-Above the first line of the text, at a distance of what would h ave been four lines of
text, appears a partial semicircle turning downwards. I n col. 18 a similarly shaped sign
(letter) occurs one line below the text at the far right, but this is probably a remnant of a
completely erased line (see above). Furthermore, on the photograph of col. 31 appears a
similar shape, but this is a mere shadow not visible on the leather. Probably this letter (sign)
has no significance and like the minuscule line in the margin between cols. 8 and 9 (opposite
1. I ) it merely presents a 'trying out' of the scribe's pen . For a similarly shaped sign, see the
top margin of 4Q49I, 5 (DJD V II, plate V).
D . NOTES ON PALAEOGRAPHY AND IDENTIFICATION
8,
Col. B2, 1. I 4 lL~aEL-All letters are clearly visible on photograph 4 1 . 6 90A .
Additional fragment 4- The shape and content of the fragment fit Mi 1:5 (col 4, 1. 3 8 ).
Additional fragment 5-See above on Mi J:[ (col. 4) and Na 3:9- 10 (col. IS) Anothe r
possibility is co1. 16, ll . 33- 4 (Ha I :8), accepted by E. Puech, RB 9 8 (199 I) J 63
E. NOTES ON THE RECONSTRUCTIONS
THE reconstructed text of the scroll (R) not only completes words of R which have been
partially preserved, but it also reconstructs most words in the lacunae. In both m atters, the
reconstruction follows as much as possible t he known orthography, vocabulary and
translation technique of R. Since the biblical text is known and t he length of the lines of the
scroll and the column structure are rather fixed, frequently the contents of the lacunae are
reconstmcted on the basis of these data. As a rule, R is rather consistent, so that its
vocabulary and system of translation can be identified in other instances as well (see FI I).
Such supporting evid ence is provided in the following notes . In these notes constant
reference is made to section F, containing a discussion of the translation technique,
language and text of R. A reference such as 'see F I I ' refers to paragraph I I of that section.
The reliance on a presumed consistency can, of course, be misleading. Thus, if [aa]lLclpo,a in
Mi 1:5 is a mere mistake, reconstructions based on this spelling (Mi I :1,6) rather t h an
aUlLclpE,a (LXX) are incorrect.
The text of R is reconstructed in accordance with the supp osition that this translation
followed M T as closely as p ossible (see most sections in F I , especially F lO, FI4.1).
However, since only limited knowledge on the vocabulary and translation technique of R
can be derived from the scroll, and since R sometimes follows th e LXX even when R could
have found a more literal (consistent) rendering (see F O.2, 11.2,3). the text of the LXX
forms the starting point for the reconstructions in the lacunae . That text has b een deviated
from whenever adherence to M T in the widest sense of the word would require a different
renderin g. At the same time, if R would h ave offered a rendering different from the L XX,
but when that equivalent is not known, no equivalent is included in the reconstruction.
The text in the lacunae is reconst ructed on the b asis of their size and our knowledge of the
translation technique and vocabulary of R and without reference to any external sources.
While studies by Barth. and others have m ade it very plausible that there exists a close
connection with other known translations such as sections of the so-called 'LXX' of 1-4
Kingdoms, the vocabulary of those sections has not been invoked in our reconstruction in
order to avoid circular reasoning. By the same token, even tho ugh a remarkable similarity
has been recognized with some of the other Greek versions of the M in . P roph. (see FI 6.2),
this evidence is, as a rule, not used in the reconstruction itself. An exception is made for
the quotations from Mi in Justin Martyr which show a remarkable resemblance to R
(see H . Koester, Septuaginta und Synoptischer Erzahlungsstojj im Schriftbeweis Justins
des Martyrers , Habilitationsschrift, Theol. Fak. Heidelberg 1956, pp. 26-32 and
[independently] Barth . 203- 1 I).
In several instances the transcription deviates from the one published by Barth. 169- 178.
Differences consisting of the amount of certainty ascribed to letters visible on the leath er
(questionable letters, etc.) are disregarded in th e notes. On the other hand, differences in
readings are mentioned. 'Barth.' refers to Devanciers, and 'Barth. (notes), to unpublished
notes. The latter reference occurs rareJy. Several fragments which Barth. could not place
and letters visible on the fragments overlooked by him have now been identified . These
additions to Barth. have not been noted separately.
85
E . NOTES ON THE RECO N STRUCTIONS
As elsewhere in this monograph, the 'LXX' is quoted from the best available
reconstruction of the Old Greek translation, viz., the edition of Ziegler. On the implications
of this use of the term 'LXX', see Fo. I .
Jo 3:8 [0: avOpw1To,] = LXX- F or the recon str uction (MT O"TKi1), cf. v. 7 and Ha 2:17
Jo 3:8 [1' 'axV t ] (LXX: lI<TvwS")- Adapted to MT npm:l. For the use of the same part of speech as the
Hebrew, see Flo.3. For the rendering of -::1 by R, see F93
Jo 3:9 l1T![a]Tfplt/lE1] (LXX: El}---El omitted with MT::1~ (although there would have been room for this word
at the end of I. 29).
Jo 3:9 [Kai] 1!ap.[aK),11th) aTa]I (LXX: !UTa.vo~ot)-Adapted to MT onn.
Jo 3:9 [l1TtOT]p"P[n] (LXX: o.1TOO7'p.pn)- The usual eq uivalent of::1W in R is 1Ttcrrpl tj,w , see VV . 8, 10. For the
u se of different preverbs, see F8.3. Note the alternation of the (reconstructed) 1TtaTpltj,w an d the
preposition 0.1T0, for which cf. v. 10 in R : 1Tl crrpepal' 0.111;'
Jo 3:9 [8ufWu] (LXX: 0PY17S")-Reconstructed on the basis of the following word in R, viz., [opy]fj, (d. 8u,",ou in
the LXX).
Jo 3:10 T[OV 1Tolfjaat] = L XX . Barth. : [1TOtfjaat]'
84
Jonah
Jo
Jo
Jo
Jo
Jo
J: .6 [Tall
p]n (LXX: Tall I<upwv)-
For the use of the article rendering l'lN, see F6.

2: I [Pf?] (LXX: I<Upto,)-See FS.4.1.
2: 1 [1<]aTa7TtLII = LXX-Article not included (calc. of space), cf. F2 3. 1.
2: 1 [twllal (L XX: Iwva, )-See Jo 4: I. Similar reconstructions in 2:2; 3:3 ,4.
2: I [1' KO IAtq.] (LXX: v Tii KOIMq.)-Accorcling to F3 .S R wou ld have omitted the article . Similarly 2:2 [1<
KOIMa,] . H oweve r, calc. of space would allow for the addition of the article.
2:1 [TOU K~TOU]~ = L XX-Also possible he re (and elsewhere in vv. [-2): [ToDiXlMo]l (MT: [n]l'i1).
2:2 [Pf?] (LXX: KVPtOv)-See above on 1:16.
2: 2 [Tal' 8ov alITo]D = L XX- For use of article, see F4.I.
2:2 [1< 1<0tMa. ] (LXX: 1< rij. 1<01Aw..)-According to F 3.5 R would have omitted the article, but no certainty
is possible here.
Jo 2:3 [v] = LXX- The dative of[8Aup]n requires the preposition v (= LXX) reflectin g -::1 as against -r.) in
MT M'~r.) .
) 0 2: 3 [E1TKaAaa/L'1v] (LXX: KpavyTj, /Lou)-instead of M T ~l:'l?~, the L XX read ~~~ (nominal form) , t hus
wrongly adding a seeond comp lement to the verb . R prob ably recognized the verbal form of the H ebrew,
reconstructed as 1T l<a),aa/L"1v, For R's interest in using the same part of speech as the Hebrew, see F IO .3.
Jo 2:3 [T'lj . tj,wvTJ. /LOu] (LXX: tixvvTjs /Lou)-Article added in accordance w ith F 4I.
Jo 2:4 [Kai o.l1!fPPuPQ.. (LXX: o.1Tlppupa')-l<ai added in accordance with M T "l:l~"Util'l' . Cf. F [4. [.
Jo 2:4 /W!t:o.] (LXX : pa~)-Adapted to the singular of MT (M~~r.), cf. F IO.4.1. Barth. : pa[8'1]'
Jo 2:4 [v Ka~{q. 8aAaaawv] (LX X : Ka~{a. 8aAaoU"1.)-Ada pted to MT O~r.)~ ::1::1"::1 . F or approximations
according to the grammatical n umber of t he H ebrew, see F 10.4. 1.
Jo 2:6 1T[ptxu8"1oav] (LXX : 1TptXu8'1)-For appreximations to MT in grammat ical number, see FI0.4.I.
Considerations of space make it likely that R would have used th e longer plu ral fo rm as reconstructed here.
F or the use of ve rbal forms with a neuter plural, see F7 . II .
Jo 2:7 ~ [Y17] (LXX: Ei. yfjv}-Corrected according to MT .,.,KM. See FI0.4.2.
Jo 2:7 [Y17 -- -] (LXX: Y17v, -.}.)-Omission reconstructed according to M T (see F[4.1) and supported b y calc. of
space.
Jo 2:7 fl-"oX'\o}t av.r1j5' (L XX : o{ /LoXAoi aOrijS")- Article omitted because of calc. of space. Cf. F 43 .5.
Jo 2:7 i. [alt.iJI'a] (LXX: a lWvtol)-Adapted to M T O~P' . See F IO.3 for the exact representation of MT.
Jo
Jo
Jo
J0
J o 3:2 [1TpO. m,h] (LXX: v m,hii)- Adapted to MT n~"K (see F II .r[2]).

)0 3:2 [TO K~pvY/La-- -) (LXX: TO l<~pVY/La TO /L7Tpoo8v)-Omitted with MT mc~'pn.
Jo 3:3 ] 1!opE{a. (LXX: wol1ToptaS")-Omission of wa' in accordance with M T 1"nr.), also in v. 4 (LXX: wa1
1TOpE{av). See F l o.6.
Jo 3:S [1T iolrva~[v] (LXX: v1T{anuaal')-Reconstructed with many M SS of the LXX in accordance with
F8 .1.
Jo 3:5 [av8pS" IItvw 17] (LXX: ot avSpES" NtVEV"l)-For om ission of articles, see F 3.4 and FS3
Jo 3:7 [ot fMEs-] (LXX: I<a, ...)-Adapted to M T 'p::1M. F or similar omissions, see F I4. I.
Jo -: :7 [v~a8woavl = L XX. T he reconstructed line is short, so that a longer ve rbal form with a preverb would
also be possible. Alternatively, the verb may have been preceded by a word like /L1]8 (unlike MT "N).
Jo 3:7 [Kat iiS" I'~] (LXX: 1-'718 iiSwp)-Adapted to MT "N O~r.)' with many MSS of the LXX. F or the addition
of Kal see F14. 1. F or Kai ... /L~ instead of /L1]S, see FI0 .7. It is h ard to kn ow whether R would have read here
the singular or pl u ral form of vSwp since he is not consistent in this matter. For iiSwp changed to plural, see Jo
2:6. For vSwp retained, see Na 2:9; 3:8 and Mi 1:4. In Ha 2:14; 3:1 0 no reconstruction has been attemp ted .
The reconstru cted line here is short, so that t he plural form may be preferred as it gives one more letter.
Jo 4:1 K[a, lJ~[~8"1 I]wva = LXX (IwvaS").

Jo 4:2 Space reconstructed after El1TEI' in accordance with the 'paragraphos' occu rring after 1. 3 6 . See A4a .
J o 4:2 [o&roS"] (LXX: o~To,)-Adapted to MT
MT. Reconstructed on the basis of the following words in R ,
& ,\oyo. /LOU. For approximations to M T in grammatical num ber, see FIO 41.
Jo 4:2 [1T1 T1jS" Y17S" ,",ou] (LXX: 1' Tn yn /Lou)-Adapted to MT ~l'Ir.)"TN "P. F or the prepositions, see F 93 For the
use of the article, see F 41.
Jo 4:2 [0711] (LXX: 8u)n)- See F93
Jo 4:2 [8(k ] (L X X: --- )-Adapted to MT "N. See 14 1.
..,:l,
Jo 4:5 [laVT<pl = LXX or laTCjJ (cf. FI2.14)
Micah
Mi
I :I
110.,,0.
tXt7 oS" YVTO or 1'"78"1] (L XX: Kai lylVETOAOyO. Kup{ou)-Reconstructed with M T mn~ ,::1,
~M ,UtiN on the basis of the first two words p reserved in R . C f. LXX to H o
I ; Am ( : [ ; J\ [: I; Zp I : 1.
Mi I : 1 [TOV] ,",wpaaflt (L XX: TOVMwpaaBt)- MT ~l'IUti'r.)n . The reconstructed line 27 of col. 4 is short, possibly
b ecause the sc ribe did not want to b reak up I-'wpao8n now written as the first word of I. 28.
Mi 1: [ [tw8a/L] (LX X : Iwa8a/L)-R econstructed according to M T Cl'l'~. Cf. the note on the transliteration of
nl'!" in Jo 2: I.
Mi 1: I - In the recon struction Kat of th e LXX is omitted twice with M T , leaving a somewhat short line 28.
Cf. F 14. 1. There is room for one occurrence of I<at.
Mi I : 1 O[v] (LXX: fJ7Tp wv)-Reconstructed with MT 'UtiN, refer r ing to ),01'0 .
Mi [ : 1 [l1a/Lapota.] (LXX: Eap.apEtaS" )-C f. V. 5 [aa]wl pota . The reconstruction is based on the assumption t hat
R would have b een consistent in this spelling. C f. F I2.2. F or t he non-representation of the article, see FS3
Mi 1: 1 [Kal tpoua]aA'1/L (LXX: Kal7Tp4IpolloaA"1p.)- Adapted to M T O,,~,~ (calc . of space). See F 10.6. 1 for
approximat ions to M T by om ission .
Mi 1:2 [.... ..] (LXX: AoyouS")-MT has here O":lO~r.)>>, but in the reconstructed text of R there is only room
for one of the two words.
Mi 1:2 [- -- 1TpooXlTW] (LXX: Katl)-Omitted with M T '::1"Vipil , see FI41.
Mi 1:2 [yfj] (LXX: ~ yfj)- For the omission of the article (MT : 'r'N), see F1. 3
Mi 1: 2 [KUPtO' ~] (LXX: KUptO.), M T mn~ 'l'N-In the lacuna there is sufficient room for two words , so
that R probably had KVPtOS" for ~l'N and th e tet ragrammaton for mn~ (see FS .4. [). See also note on ~l'N in V.
2b.
Mi [: 2 i. ~pT,![pa] (LXX: i. /LapTUptOv)- Adapted to MT
F o r lexical approximations of nouns to M T,
see F [o.1.
.
Mi 1:2 [I<VPtO S] = L XX, M T ~l'N-R p robably distinguished between the tetragrammaton (txt?) and 'l'N
(I<VPIO. ). In Za 9:4 ~l'N (MT)- P[P] probab ly reflects m~ .
Mi 1:2 [vaou] (LXX: oi'Kou)- Reconstructed according to the rende ring in R of the same word (":l~i1) in Jo 2: 5;
N a 2:7.
'17'.
J:
86
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VII I
Mi 1:3 EK7T[opE6ETaL] = LXX, MT N:lt~-Based on the assumption that the Hebrew participle would be
reRected by the Greek praesens . Barth .: EK7T[OpE V6f-LEVos] .
M i 1:3 Ka[l 7TL,B,-}OETaL]
= LXX- Future tense reconstructed according to the preceding verb in R (MT: ""
1"')
Mi 1:3 [E7TLu,p"y/ Y1Js] (LXX: E7TL TO. ii,p"y/ n js yijs)-Articles om itted in accordance wi th F 3.4. This assumption is
supported by calc. of space, although one of the two articles could have been included in the text .
M i 1:4 [TaKry]oo~[TaL] (LXX: oa'\w87}oETaL)- Reconstructed accord ing to the frequent LXX equivalence of
T~ KW OO~ and the ident ical reading o f a ' ad loco(cf. also 8'). Note that in the same ve rse ,l:P:l1" is rendered in
R by [pa]y~ oov[Ta]L and in the LXX by TaK7}OoVTat.
M i 1:4 4[1T0 1Tpoatt'J7TOv]
LXX- For a sim ilar rende ring in R, see Ha 2:20 .
M i 1:4 [TOU 7TVpOS] (LXX: 7Tvpos)-Article added with MT tiNi1.
M i 1:4 [dis vowp] (LXX: Kat ws ilowp)-Adapted to MT C'~::l. For omission of Kat in R to conform with MT,
see Fro.6a. For the grammatical n u mber of ilowp , see on Jo 3:7 . The next word in R ending in -f-LHO[V]
necessitates the singular rather than the plural form of vowp.
M i 1:5 [cSt'] (LXX: Sin ) twice-Cf. H a 2: 17 and see FI 2.6 for th is orthography. Preposition reconstructed
according to the case endjng of the noun.
Mi 1:5 [a ai,BLav] (LXX: aO,BELal/)-Cf. aoi,BLa later in the verse in R.
Mi 1:5 ]aO,BLa (LXX: ~ ao,BLa)-
Article omitted in acco rdance with F3-4
Mi 1:5 o[u] = LXX-According to R 's rendering of K1'i1late r in the verse as well as in Ha 2:7, OUX{ would
have been expected he re , too. However, the re does not seem to be room for OUXt, so that R probably followed
the LXX.
Mi 1: 5 [aa]f-Lupota (LXX: L'af-LupLa )- Barth. reads [oa]f-LupLa like the LXX, b u t the reading of the omicron is
certain. See FI2.2.
Mi 1:5 [v,p'1] (LXX: ~ af-LapTLa oi'Kou}-Adapted to MT 1'I'~ ::J. For the use of the ar ticle , see F3.4. For the use of
ii,pT) (rathe r than V,pT)AO. ), see v. 3.
Mi 1:6 oau",upoLav] (LXX: Eaf-LupLav)-Cf. o n
Y. 1.
Barth. reconstructs R as the LXX. See Fr 2.2.
Mi 1:6 [.p unLas] (LXX: .pvnLav)-Adapted to MT "17t)~' . See F I0.4. r for ap proximations to the Hebrew in
g ramm atical n umber.
M i J: 7 KaTaK[6,poVOLV] = LXX (-oL }- For the verbal form, cf. the next verb in the verse. See F12.1 3 for u se of v
movable.
M i 1:7 87}q[w] (LXX: 8ryoof-LaL)- Based on placing of the fragment and cou n t of letters (d. also M i 47 and Na
3:6). On th e other h an d , [8Hoof-LaL is used in the previous verse.
Mi 1:7 [acp avLof-L6v] (LXX: Eis a.pavLof-Loll)-Adapted to MT i1~~ti. See Fro.6.1 for approximations to MT by
omission.
Mi 1:7 [O]n (LXX : oLon)- Reconstructed accord ing to R's prefe rence, see F9.3 .
Mi r :7 y f-LLq[8wf-LaTo s) (LXX: K f-LL08wf-LuTwv}-Ada pted to MT ll1'1N~. For ap proximations to MT m
grammatical number, see FlO.4a. For the orthographic interchange l K > l y, see FI2 .4.
Mi 1:7 [7T6]'?~h S') (LXX: TTOPVLas ) twice-Ad apted to MT i1l'1T (thus also the Lucian ic MSS).
Mi 1:7 [E7TLOTp,pova]tv (LXX : OWOTP ,pEv)-Adapted to MT ':nti~ (for the equi valen t, see no te on 2:8). See
F I0-4 a for app roximations to MT through a ch ange in grammatical number and F7.5 for the change of
tense. Barth.: [avOTp,pOvaJLv .
M i 1:8 [K6~0J.LaL KaL 8p"y/v~ow, 7TOpU00f-La t] (LXX: K6,pETaL Kat 8pT)v~aL, 7TopE6oETaI)- Adapted to MT i1"T)ON
i1::l'~N i1'~'~N'. See F I0.4C for approximations to MT in grammatical person.
M i 2:7 [OtA6YOLf-LOV] (LXX: o[ A6YOLaUTov)- Reconstr ucted with MT~'::J"T . See FI O-4- 3 for approximations to
MT in grammatical pe rson.
Mi 2:7 f-L[ETo. TOU op8wS']( LXX: f-LET' aUTou KaLOpBOL)- Adapted to MT ,tti"i1 Cl:. See F ro.6.1, 14. 1 for omjssion
of Kat and aUTou, Fl.2 for the article, and FJO.4 . 1 for t he grammat ical number. C f. a' op{}W" a' dJ &iw,.
Mi 2:8 [l, X8pov] (LXX: ls X
8pav) -Reconstructed wi th MT ::J..,N'.
M i 2:8 ~7Tf[aTpa.p-ryoov]Ta L (LXX: OWTPLf-Lf-Lov)-Reconstructed as translation of a varian t ,::JW" (see F I 5.3) for
which cf. MT ~::J,tr;i . For the eq uivalen t, see R in Jo 3:8, 10; M i 5:3(4); Z a [ :4.
E. NOTES ON THE RECONSTRUCTIONS
87
Mi 2:8 7TO'\Ef-Lc?[V] (LXX: 1ToMf-Lou [diff. constr.])-Based on the preceding verb ~7Tf[CTTpacfn100Jl1'Tal. Less likely:
1TOAf-LC?[ 11).
Mi 2:9 [yuvaiKEs1 (LXX: 1'}yovf-LEVol}-Adapted to M T "!til.
Mi 3:4 [t1TI'T'I]oEVf-LIlTa a.n-aJJl) (LXX: tv TO;, E7TL'T'I]OEVf-Laa", a.n-wv)- Reconstructed with MT crr""~~ (thus also
a'l
ffi]
Mi 3:5 [TaodYEt
= LXX- For reconstruction of R see Za 2: 12(8) and 3:7 (M T : i1'i1~'~N i1~). Similar
reconstructions: Za 1 :4, 14; 8:20.
Mi 3:5 [Kal tK~pv!aJl] (LXX: Kai K1'IpvaooV'ra.)-Adapted to M T 'N'i" (for the lexical choice cf. R in Jo 3:2,5).
A form of KaAW is possible as well.
Mi 3:5 [E1T' a.n-)c?v = LXX-Reconst r ucted on the basis of the L XX and not MT. In the reconstruction of trus
column all Hnes have app roximately 35 characters, so that also t his line (38) would have had the same
number of characters. . "]9v could reflect K11pVaa19v[Ta' as in the LXX, but then the tine, reconstr ucted
without a.n-ov, would be too short , and the verbal form would not have equaUed M T.
Mi 3:5 [Kalo.] (LXX: KaL}-Adapted to MT ,tiK'l. F or th e use of the same p art of speech as in the Hebrew, see
FIO 3
Mi 3:5 [Swan] (LXX: JSo~)-Adapted to MT 11'1'.
Mi 3:5 [E1TI] (LXX : E,s)-Adapted to M T ,~ (cf. F IO.2).
Mi 3:5 [Kat 1'}y{aaav] (LXX: ~ynpav)-Adapted to MT '1Fti" (cf. F lO.I).
Mi 3:6 [vf-LEiv] (LXX: vI-'M-Cf. the same form later in the verse and see F 12.1.
Mi 3:6 [uI-'EiJl ---], [ul-']t:iv (L XX: l CTTa.&}-O mitted in accordance with MT (supported by calc. of space). See
F IO.6.
Mi 3:6 [OpaOEWs] = L XX. For equivalent of R, cf. Ha 2: 2.
Mi 4:3-7-For a fuJI recon struction of the text of these verses accordin g to R, see Barth . 206.
M i 4:3 [~a.Wv] = LXX (MT: C~~~)-For eqwvalent of R, cf. M i 4:5; Ha 3:13; Zp 2 :9,1 0 ; Za 8: 20.
Mi 4:3 [Kal lMY~EI}--A reconstructed compositum E~E My!1 ( = many M SS of t he LXX) is possible as well
(not prohibited by calc . of space). H owever. in accordance with F8.S, R would have preferred the simplex .
Mi 4:3 [lws] (LXX: lws Els). M T 'S7-For the reconstruction , see Mi 1:7,4:7, 5:3(4) and Just ad loc.
Mi 4:3 /lo[axa1pav] (LXX: pol-"lo.{av) -The rem aining p art of the letter makes the present reconstruction (d.
th e same equivalence [MT : ::I, "] earlier in the verse) more likely than e(Of-L4>ataJl] for which cf. Mi 5:5(6}; Na
3: IS
M i 4:4 [Kal /Co8(a]ovTat (LXX: KW ava1TavoTal}-Adapted to MT ,::1,"" (cr. also J ust). For lexical
approximations of verbs to MT, see F I 0.1. F or approximations to the grammat ical number of the Hebrew,
see FIO.4.1.
Mi 4:4 [/CaL2 ---] (LXX: Ka~ lKoCTTos)-Omitted with MT (and Just) on the basis of calc . of space. See F I 0.6.1.
Mi 4:4 ~[/Ccpo,Bwv] (LXX: 0 EK~,Bwv)-Arti cie omitted with M T '~'"~. Barth. 206: 0 EKcf>O,BwV (indeed, r?
[l/C~,Bwv] is possible as well).
Mi 4:4 [(~a~'1aEv. ---) (LXX: E~a~'1at: TaliTa}-Omitted in accordance with MT (and Just). See F I o .6 . I. In this
p lace a closed section is reconst ructed since the scroll must have included somet hing between the last word
of v. 4 (t~Q.\'1 aEV) and the beginning of v. 5. Alternatively, the text m ay h ave read TOUTa as in the LXX.
Mi 4:5 7TOpE[VOOV'rol ---] (LXX: 1ToPfilaovTal l"aCTTos)-Note that in the scroll there is no room for this word,
also lacking in Just. See FlS .3.
Mi 4: 5 [b. c\VOI"lTi 8E]OU OVTGiw (L XX : n}v
a.n-ou)-based on MT ":1~K C'ef::l and in agreement with Just.
For substitutions of nouns, see FIO.I. For the omission of the article in front of the nomen regen s , see F3.4.
Mi 4:5
1-For MT 'VI are possible either [Kal [ TI] for which cf. J ust ad loc. and Barth . 206 or [Kat
E1TIKt:lVa] = L XX.
Mi 4:6 [MYEl] = LXX, M T ClQ-Cf. R in Na 2:14; Zp 1:3. Similar reconstructions in Zp 1: 2; 2: 9; Za 1:3;
2:9(5), 10(6).
Mi 4:6 [niv (KT(8~1f-Lp.Jvr,v] and in v. 7 [T1}V EKTE8~11-'+'""1)J! (in both cases LXX: auvTETpif-Lf-L""1v)-bot h reflecting
MT i1S7""i1- , based on Just, D ial. 110.S; cf. also 109 .3. Both U. 2 and 4 of col. 8 are somewhat short, so that
either the recon structed word must b e longer than indicated or the writing of this word took more space
(note the wide letters in this word).
ooov
r....
88
Mi 4:6 [ci8po{ow] (LXX: ;0'8'~opa,)-Adapted to MT MDCM (cf. equivalent of R in Ha 2:5). For lexical
approximations of verbs to MT, see Fl o.I.
Mi 4:7 V[1fO'\ll-'W-a = LXX (MT: n~'ICW('-Cf. Zp J:4 0r[O'\HI-'I-'aJ.
Mi 4:7 [JK1f1Tlal-'f1If11v (LXX: Kal T.qV (i1Tw O'~v), MT: MM':llm-Based on Just.
Mi 4:8 [auX]l-'w81js = LXX. The first letter after t he lacuna is a mu enabHng the present reconstruction. A tau
wou ld have enabled a reconstructed [O'KO]TW~S as in a'.
Mi 4: 8 [O'HWV] (LXX: L'lwv)-For this orthography, see FI2.I. The article is not reconstructed with F5.3 and
the LXX .
Mi 4:8 [lws O'ov1 ( LXX: J1fi O'i)-Adapted to M T 1~':V (for R, cf. F9.3).
Mi 4: 8 [Kal J'\WO'fTCl]l (LXX: Kai f;O'f'\fl~Of'TaL), MT MM~'1--Base d on th e regular eq uivalent of the root M:2. See
F8.1 concerning the replacement of compound verbs in the L XX with the sim plex in R.
Mi 4:8 [fJamAd a ---1 (LXX: {3aO'L>"f{a JK Ba{3I1Awvos}-Omitted in accordance with MT. See F1 4. J.
Mi 4:8 [lfpollO']a..\1j1-' = L XX- The article is not reconstructed with F5.3 and the LXX (also calc. of space).
Mi 4:9 [--- Nvv) (L XX: Kai vw}-Om itted with MT Mn:v . F or omission of Kal, see F I 4.J.
Mi 4 :9 [OUK laTlV 0'01) (LXX: OUK "v O'o l)-Adapted to M T 1:2 rM. C f. 4:4; Ha 2:19. See FIO.4.4 for
approxim ations to Hebrew in tenses.
Mi 4:9 [Jav] (LXX: ~)-Ad apted to M T tiM (cf. R in H a 2:3).
M i 4:9 [& uVl-'{3ovAO, ] oov (LXX: ~ {JOVA", oov)-Adapted to MT 1~:vT'. Cf. passim in the LXX. F or the article,
see F4 I. F or lexical approximations of nouns to M T, see F IO.I.
M i 4: 9 [KaT KpaT1joav] = L XX-Plural form of the verb reconstructed on the basis of the plural of [w8i]v s in
spite of the singular of M T (1P"mM).
Mi 4:10 O'[HWV] (LXX: L'Iwv)--For this orthography, see F J2. I.
Mi 5: 1 otKO[S] (LXX: B.",8Affl-'otKos)-In the lacuna there is room for j ust {3T/8Af.1-' (thus Barth. with W Ach
Sa) or a.p-r01l (with or without TOV ). For approximations to MT by omission of elements, see FI 4.1 .
Mi 5:1 [Io]v8a = LXX-A rt icle not reconstructed w ith F 5.3 an d the L XX (also calc. of sp ace).
M i 5:2 [TiKTov1 01js = L XX-Syntax of LXX = R is not clear (cf. 0') and possib ly a com ma ought to be add ed
afte r this word (against Ziegler).
Mi 5:3 [aU-rov] (LXX: aVTwv)-Adapted to MT T'M'M. See F10-4- 1 fo r the approximation of pronouns to M T .
Mi 5:4 [fi'J? [-r1}v,niv ~I-'w)v (LXX: t1fi T.qV,niV ~I-'wv)-Reconstr uction of [fl1~ is based on the same rendering of
US'M::2 in the next verse. See F 9 .3 for synonymous prep ositions.
Mi 5:4 {3ap.[m ~I-'w v] (LXX: xwpav ~I-'WV [Z iegler; MSS: v~v])-Ad apted to MT V'nl7'l'lC. See FIO.1.
M i 5:4 1f[oll-''''as] (LXX: 1fol,...o.fs)-Reconstructed th us since t1f'Y'P1V requires t he accusative case, whereas
in the LXX the noun is the subject of the verb.
Mi 5:5 1fapa{[t<pI'1 (L X X: TatPpcp)-Possible a.re either the singular 1Tapa~[ltP,81] (t hus Barth .) or t he plural
1fapa~[ltP(o"'](thu s Barth. in his ear lier study of the text: 'Redecouverte .. .', RB 60 [1953] 27), both based on a
different spelling and vocalization of the Hebrew, derived from a noun M~z:1. , similar in m eaning to ~'" in
the parallel stich.
Mi 5:5 [---] after 1Tapof['tP'" (LXX: oVn]s}-Om ission postulated on ground s of count of letters.
Mi 5:5 [f~] (LXX: fK Tov)-Omitted on the basis of M T "W7'l. See F5 .3 fo r the om ission of the definite article
before proper names.

Mi 5:5 [~I-'wvl ]
LXX (Ziegler; MSS: V~I') and MT U~'lC~.
M i 5:5 [0'1'1 2] (LXX: oTav). Based on the same set of equivalen ts earlier in t h is verse and see fu rther F9.3 .
Mi 5:6 - In accordance with the p revalent custom of the scroll three spaces would have been left in front of v.
6 correspond ing with a 'closed space' of MT.
Mi 5:6 [KaTa]Aol1Tov (LXX: z)"oAfll-'l-'a)- Based on the LXX in Zp 2:9. For the lack of the article, see F 3.4. If
the space m entioned in the preceding note would not be reconstructed, there would be room fo r an article in
the lacuna.
Mi 5:6 [---] (after ,aKw{J) (LXX: (V TOI~ ;9~(a'I')-Omitted with MT on the basis of count of letters.
Mi 5:6 [-- -J (after ~ ) (LXX: 1f{1TTolloa}-Omission based on MT wht:re this plus of the LXX has no
equivalen t.
E . NOTES ON THE RECONSTRUCTIONS
89
M i S:6 [oS' OUK ......... v8pl Kat O~ I-'~J (LXX: rmws I-'~ uvvax9ii I-'T/OI. 1-'T/8i)-Reconst ructed with MT K~ "~K
K'" W'K' ;,'p' (d. a'8') .
Nahum
Na 1:14 [1Tt 0'011 (LXX: z)"i p O'ov)-Adapted to MT 1"~ .
Na 1: 14 [yAIJ1T'Tol'] (LXX: Tel yAu1TTa)-Adapted to M T 'O), cf. FIO.4I.
Na 2:5 [opaI-'Ouvj-raL (LXX: SLaTpxovaaL)- Adapted to the fut u re tense of MT ('~~"~).
Na 2:6 --- (after aUTou) (LXX: Kal tPw~ovTaL ~I-'pas)-Omitted in conformity to M T . See F I 4. I.
Na 2:6 70'l-'a o[,] (LXX: 'ToIl-'aaov aL)- Based on the as sumption that MT 1~Z1) (sing.) was read as an active
form both by the LXX (plur.) and R (sing.). See F IO.4.1 for d ifferences in number .
N a 2:7 [nV>..] a[L] = L XX, MT "lTW- No art icle h as been reconstructed (calc. of space). See F3 .2.
Na 2:8 [.... ]7) (LXX: Kat aVTT/ dV~aLV)-For the omission of KaL (MT ;'J'1 ~ ~:1) , see F I 4.I. R could be
reconstructed as [av~]7) parallel to the form of the LXX . Ba rth. (notes): [~v~x0]7).
Na 2:8 w[S' cpwv~] (LXX: KaOwS' ---)-Adapted to MT ',p~ . F or the preposi tion , see F9.3
Na 2:8 a1TocpOyy [o]I-'v[wv] (LXX: cp8yyol-'vaL)- Barth. reconstructs the nomi native for R: 1Tocp8Ey[y011-'v[al]
(cf. LXX). .
N a 2:8 [(1fl TTJV Kapo{av aUTwv] (LXX: EVKapo{aL, aUTwv)-Adapted to MT l;'~:J' ,,~. See FIO .2. Article added
on th e b asis of F4.1 (al so calc. of space).
N a 2:9 cpt5[yovaLI'] (LXX: CPVyovTs)-Adap ted to M T C'Cl. The L X X translated th is verb in conj unction
with the next one as a participle.
N a 2:9 [oT]ii[T, a'TTjT] (LXX: OUK o T1)oav)- Reconstructed in agreem ent with MT ~ib~ ~'7;l~. T he remnants
of II. 10- 1 r do not allow for the text of the LXX if indeed the last letter of 1. ro is an eta . In that case there is
no room in f ront of the last word of 1. 10 for OUK of the LXX , and a reconstructed [loT]?7[oav] wi th [oal'] at the
beginning of 1. I I leaves too sh ort a text until the m iddle of 1. 1 I .
N a 2:9 [---] (after 1Jv) (LXX: o}-Omitted w ith MT :11)7'l. See F1.3.
Na 2: I 0 [TO dpyupwv] = LXX-Article reconst ructed in acco rdan ce with the parall el phrase TO x[pua{ov] in
sp ite of M T I'JC~ .
N a 2: I 3 [Kat T~V l-'a]l;'opav [auTov] (L XX: Kat TO KaTOLKT/T~PWV aUTou)-For the article before a noun with a
pronomjnal suffi x, see F 4.1.
N a 2:1 4 [1TpO, a]' (LXX: J1TL a')-Adapted to MT '~"K. For the equ ivalent of R, see FII.l(2).
Na 2: 14 ['TWV ovval-'wv] (LXX: 1TavToKpaTwp)-Adapted to M T n'K:J~. See F 1.5 fo r a complete list. F or lexical
approximations of nouns to MT , see F lo. I .
Na 2:14 [Kat JKKa] t5O'w = LXX, MT ~J'1'l1:Jm . Compositum reconstructed with t he LXX because of calc . of
space.
N a 2: 14 [TO apl-'a aUTTj,] (LXX: 1T>..Tj86, aou)-Adapted to MT M:J~' (the LXX read a form of :J" viz., ;'~:J').
For lexical approximations of nouns to MT, see Fro.1. F or the article see F 4. 4, and for the pronoun
Fl-4- 3.
Na 3:3 [dva{3a{l'ov'ToS'] = L XX- For this and the follow ing words gen itives are reconstructed (as in the LXX),
supported by [1TA~8o]u, in I. 36, si vera lectio.
Na 3:3 [po!-'cpa{a], = L XX (M T : ::l'n)-Cf. Mi 5:5(6); N a 3:1 5. [p.axaLpa]s is possible , too (cf. Mi 4:3)
Na 3:3 [Tpau!-'u'rlov] (LXX: Tpaul-'a'TLwl')~The singular form is adapted to MT
See FI O.4. 1 for
approximations to MT in grammatical n umber.
N a 3:3 [... '] ~ For MT 'ltl, R possibly read [7TTWOW]~ as in the L XX, or otherwise [1TTWl-'aTol? or [aw!-'aTok
Na 3:3 [Ka! a (1W [v~(10UOLV] = LXX-F or the sake of convenience R is recon structed as the LXX reflecting the
Qere '~lU~'.
N a 3:6 [ws] (LXX: ls)-Reconstructed with MT -~ (N'~). See F9. 3
Na 3:7 [auTij] (LXX: aUT~v )-Recon structed (hebraistically) with MT
Na 3:7 1T[apaKa>"ovvTas] (LXX: 1fapaK>"T/ULI')~Adapted to MT C~r.lnlr.l. See FloA. I for approxim ations to M T
in grammatical for m.
"'n.
il".
Na 3:7 [aoL] (LXX: a m-fl)- Adapted to MT " . For approximations of pronouns to MT, see Fro .4.3.
Na 3:8 Before this verse, at the e nd of I. 10 of COilS, a space must have been left in the scroll corresponding
with an 'open section ' of MT. This space is indicated in the scroll by a 'p aragraphos ' and by the 'capital'
letter starting the next line (1. I I) to the left of the margin . See A4a.
Na 3: I 5 [pp<lVxo. 1] (LXX: dKp{,)-The reconstruction (MT: i'~~) is based on the equivalence :1~"N-dKp{s in
R in the same verse. See F9.2 for substitution with synonymous nouns. Note that R has the last two stichs of
MT, while the LXX lacks one , probably the first one (note the different equivalents for i'~~ and :1~"N),
even though a later rev ision (MSS VLC + ) filled in t he las t phrase.
Na 3:1 S [--- KaTal3a pvvj8T}n (LXX: Ka, l3apvv8~ an }' -Kai omitted with MT ~'~::::ln:1. See FI4. I . For the use of a
compositum , see the context and F8.2 .
N a 3: J 6 [wpfL1]aEv] = LXX, MT t)a;tl-Cf. R in Ha 1:8 (root: ~.,) (MT: ,~a;.,),) .
Na 3: 17 c?XA[os}--Ifthe reconstruction is correct, it is not clear which Hebrew word would be represented by it
(~'l?) . Note t he possible Coptic equivalent of th is word as Quoted by Barth. 23 3
90
Na 3:8 --- fL~ aya.8vvH' (LXX: o.PfLoaaLxop8~v , ETo{,."aoaL)- The fir st two words of t he d ifficult text of the LXX
are om itted with MT ~~t)'n:1 (calc. of space). For the third word R has an alternative translation .
N a 3:8 U7T[P vw] (LXX: fLEpt' Sa)-Reflecting MT Nl~ . LXX reRects an etymological understanding according
to m~.
Na 3:8 [~S"] laxu, (LXX: -?> ~ d.pX~)-For the omission of the Greek article in accordance with MT '~n, d .
F1. 3
Na 3:8 [TQ TixoS" aun?,] (LXX: TO. .,..,{x'rJ alh7]s-)-Adapted to MT in"\1:),n. See F IOA. I for approximations to
MT in grammat ical n umber.
Na 3:9 [-- -] (before [al8Lo1T{a]) (LXX: Kal)-Adapted to MT lV'l::::l. For omission of Kat, see F 14.1.
Na 3:9 [---] .povS (LXX: T7]> .plJ)l7]S')-Adapted to MT t),) . See F S.3 for the omission of the article before
proper nouns.
Na 3:9 [aou] (LXX : alh7j>}--Adapted to MT ,n"Tl1~ .
N a 3:10 [i7TOplJO'l)] (LXX: 7TOpftJOETaL)-Adapted to MT :1~':1. See F7.I.I.
Na 3: I 0 [i v alX]J.LaAw[ at]~ (LXX: alXJUiAwTo,)-Adapted to MT ~~a;~. See F 10.3 for t he exact representation of
all elements of the Hebrew. For equivalents of -~, see F9.3.
Na 3:10 [bTi K.paA]~V (LXX: 1T' apxa, )- A dapted to MT a;N"~ accord in g to the fIequent (hebraistic)
equivalen t ofa;N., . [1T' dpxJ~JI (cL Barth.) is also possible. 1TLis secured by the case en d ing of th e n ext word
(cf. also R in Mi S:4 [5]) .
Na 3:10 [Dow... ---] (LXX; TWV DOW)) o.uT7],)-Articie and pronoun om itted with MT n'~'n. See Ft o .6.I, 14.1.
Na 3;10 [-- -] (after E7T[2) (LXX: m:tvTa)-Omitted with MT. F or approximations to MT by omission , see
FI41.
Na 3: 10 [TO uS' fv06gou> aU]T7]S(LXX: TO. vooga aurijs). MT :1~'~::::ll-Adapted to the paralJel phrase [,."EYLani]vE>
(MT ~~"l).
N a 3:1 0 [K,\7]pO"'] (LXX: KA-rypous)- Reconstructed accord ing to MT
See FIO.4a for ap p roximations in
grammatical n umber .
'.,,1.
Na 3: 10 [V XHpomfoa t>] (LXX: XLpomfoa,s)- Adapted to M T C~i'T:I . For representation of all elements of t he
Hebrew, see FlO. ) and for the equivalent of -:I , see F9.3. I n view of th e uncertainty, the space reconstructed
before v. I I is tentati ve.
Na 3: 1 I [--- [an] (LXX: Kat CI11)--Omitted with MT ~:1J"\, see FI4. 1.
Na 3:1 I [Eg EX t/pou] (LXX: g EXOpwv)-Reconstructed with MT :I"'N~. C f. FIO.4.1 .
N a 3:12 [auv] aKo1T[oi s] (LXX: aKo7Tous [Xouaa.,)-Adapted to MT C~"'::::l~ C17. See F IO .2 for approximation to
Hebrew p repositions . See Fro.7 for t ran spositions of the LXX.
Na 3: 12 [iat/o]vToS = LXX or [a8{o}lI'ToS' (d. R in Ha 3: 14) .
N a 3:13 (--- YlillaiKE,1 (LXX: w, y uvaiKE,)-Omitted with MT C~l. See F10.6.
Na 3: 13 []v [,.,,GCP GOv] (LXX: EVao{)-Adapted to MT '~"i':I (see equivalent of R in Ha 2: 19) . See FIO. 2 for
app roximati ons to t he lexical meaning of Heb rew preposition s.
Na 3: 13 [.payV] (LXX: KaTa,p&'YETa,)- Reconstructed because of calc . of space. See F8. I for the use of the
simplex instead of a compos.i rum and F7. I for the tense.
Na 3:1 4 [t18pE uaa]L (LXX: 1T{a7Ta aa.)-For lexical choice of R, cf. passim in the LXX and see FIO. I.
N a 3: 14 [TIl OXvp6JfLaTa GOu] (LXX: TWV 0xvpwfLaTwv aov)- For the lexical choice, d. Ha r: 1 0 , For the a rt icle ,
see F 4.5. The d ifference in case ending is reconstructed in accordance with the assumption that the L XX
reRects ~i? J'" while R refl ect s MT (~i?~Ij) .
Na 3: 14 [' ,\0] (LXX: t'fL,81]8L)- Adapted to MT 'N~ . See F9.1. I for synonymous verbs .
N a 3:14 [K pl.lT1]aov] (LXX: KaTaKpa-TT}aov), MT ' i" Tn:1-See F8. 1 fo r t he use of the simplex in stead of a
compositu m .
Na 3:IS [.paYETa,1 (LXX : KaTacp&'YETat) (twice)- Preverb omitted in accordance with F8.1 (calc. of space) .
91
H abbakuk
Ha I:S ]. a t-The clearly visible alpha stands at a place where we would expect an equ ivalent for either C"'l~ or
'N." ne ither of which wou ld have an alpha (;STE iv Toi, t'8vEaLlJ). It is therefore not impossible that R had here
the equivalent of the LXX (KaTa.p pOVT}TaO, represen ting a di fferent Hebrew text.
Ha I :S --- (after [OavfL]aaaT) (LXX: KaL d.pavlaO'rJT}--Double reading of t he LXX not reconst ructed fo r R.
See 14.1.
Ha 1:5 t'p[yov """ ""1 (LXX; pyov yw pr&.~ofLa L)-R may have read the same verb as the LXX, since its root
corresponds with that of pyov (MT: "17~ '17~) , but the exact form (first or thi.rd person) cannot be
determined. If R's Hebrew text was ident ical with t hat of MT, he would not have read yw as in the LXX .
On the other h and , there is room in the lacuna for a short word in add ition to the verb.
H a J:5 [---] (before [~K~ L'rJYh8?7) (LXX; TL,)-Omitted with MT (diff. construction). See Fl o.6 for
approximation to MT through omission.
Ha I:S [JKOl1]y]T}8ii (LXX: ~KS tT}y7]TaL )--Text of R reconstructed according to the assumption that it woul d
contain an aor. subj . rather t han an indo (which would not be compatible with MT "~~7, v iz. , [JgS'1]yN 8'rJ [it
is not cle ar which form Barth. had in mind : [~KSL'I)YN8'rJ D. The subj. would probably depend on a
conj unction like &.V as in the LXX .
Ha 1:6 [ydpw] (LXX: E~EYE {pw)-In accordance with F8. I , R would have p referred the simplex . Con
siderations of space strengthen th is assumption. On the other hand, in Mi S:4(5) R (following the LXX)
uses the compositum 7TEyd pw in accordance w ith the context there (7T' a UT611).
Ha 1:6 [---] (after lydpw) (LXX [Rahlfs]: i .p' ufLcls)-Omitted with M T (calc. of space). The text of R agrees
with that of m ost MS S of t he LXX and the edition of Ziegler against that of Rahlfs.
Ha 1:6 [---] (after iYE{pW ) (LXX: TOU, fLaX'l)TG..)--Omitted with MT on the basis of the assu m ption that [TO US'
xaAoSa{oos1 equals MT. The LXX con tains a doublet .
Ha 1:6 [T7], y7Js] = LXX in spite of MT r.,N. T he article is reconstructed because of calc. of space. Cf. F r 04
Ha 1:6 [al).,.cp] (LXX: am-ou)-Adapted to MT " , d. Ha 2:6 and see FIO.2.
H a 1:7 [,pOI3EPOS] (LXX: f1T.pav~,)-Adapted to MT N.,m (d . the equivalence of R for N"~ and .po,8ofLat in Jo
1:16). For lexical approximations of adjectives to MT , see F IO.1.
Ha 1:7 [a UTOS] (LXX: ~ anv)-Cf. Ha 1:10, 2:19. See FIO.3 for use of the same part of speech as in the Hebrew.
Ha 1:7 [---] (after a ~Tovl) (LXX: [aTaL)-Omitted with MT. S ee F I 0 .6. I for omission of elements possib ly
involving a sh ort Hebrew text.
Ha 1:7 [---] (after am-ou 2) (LXX; i~ aUTou 2 )--Omitted with MT because of calc. of space. See FJO.6. I for
om ission of elements possibly involving a short Heb rew text.
Ha 1:8 Kat KOU.p[OU pot] (LXX: Ka, gaAoVvTat), MT: "P'1--C f. the paralle] rendering on,m by o6h[EPOt] in R
in the same verse. Also p ossible: KOV<!>[WVUl V] . See Fl o .1 for lexical approximations to the Hebrew.
Ha 1:8 [U7Tfp] = LXX- Twice in this verse U1TP is reconst ructed with the LXX for the comparative l~ of M T
(for the equivalent, cf. R in Na 3:8).
Ha 1:8 [--- ? U7T]paS' (LXX: T7]' 'Apa{3 {aS')-See FlO. [ fo r lexical approximations to the Hebrew. R would
have omitted the articl e, since MT ~"17 has no article (see F1. 3) and this is supported by calc . of space.
Ha 1:8 [Ka, ot i7T]1!ELs- aVTo u (LXX: Kat 0PfL-ryaoUat), MT: ,~.,)'- For the use of the art icle before nouns wit h
pronorninal suffixes, see F 4.4. For approximation s to MT usin g the same part of speech as the H ebrew , see
FIO3
DISCOVERIES IN THE J UDAE AN DESERT V I (I
92
Ha 1:8 [EAtJaovTa t] (LXX: - - -)--Reconstructed according to MT
'N~~.
93
LXX, so that the problem of grammatical agreement may have been overlooked by both the LXX and R.
Ha 1:8 [Kal~] = L XX- R probably agrees with the LXX in ad d ing Kal to MT '037" or possibly in reading '037'
(calc . of space).
Ha 2:3 [ou] (LXX: oUK)- Reconstructed on the basis of the next word: [8halj;VaTat.
Ha 1:8 [Toii <,b]ayiv (LXX: t, TO .paYELv) -See F 2.1 for the r endering of the lamed of th e info by TOU .
Ha 2:4 [KaP) (LXX : 0 Sf)- Adap ted to MT i'~'~" Ka, also replaces Se in Jo 3:3, Ha 2:20 and M i 4:5 and is
reconstructed in Jo 3:7. For omission of the article in accordance w ith MT, see F I. 3.
H a 1:9 -At the end o f \. 36 of col. 16, R would have h ad an equivalent for MT
Tl~l~
such as Tlp6 aolj;t s (a').
H a I : 10 y[i\ws] (LXX: 7Ta{yvta)-For the recon struction, see a' and a'. See F9.2 for synon ymous nouns.
Ha 1:1 0 [ath0] (LXX: athou)-Adapted to MT'a, (see FI O.2).
Ha 1:10 [- -- au}ro, (LXX: Kal' aVTo,2 )--Ko.l omitted with MT N' i1 (see FI 4.1).
Ha 1:1 0 [Ev]1Ta{gH (LXX: EVTpu.p~ aE)-Adapted to MT Oa,i'Tl~. See FlO. I.

Ha 1:1 0 Ev7TU!1geTat] (LXX: E/-t7TU:gfTat)-Fo r the orthog rap h ic change I-' > v, see FI2.3 .
Ha I : 10 [,BJ~~ i" = L XX- There is room for a p reverb such as E7Tt- at the end of t he preceding line. Barth.
(n otes): [,B]oWtaH (for the equ ivalent, cf. R in Za 9: 3) .
Ha
1: 10
Ha I: I I
[athol (LXX : athov)- Ad apted to the syn tax of the verb in R.

1Tapk~E1JaTat]
(LXX: 8tAEVaTat)-Cf. the frequent LXX equivalent of "1:J37.
Ha ) :1 4 [dv8pdmov,] = LXX TOUS dv8pd.l1To us-Reconstructed in plural with Jo 3:7 [5v8p w]1T0! and Ha 2:17
dv[8 pdJ1T]wv (MT: C'N). Art icle omitted (cf. Ha 2:1 7) with M T.
Ha 1:14 [lx 8va,] (LXX : TOV, lXBVa,)-Article omitted w ith F 3 -4
Ha 2:3 [7Tpoa8xov] (LXX: o1T6I-'ELvov)- T h us a' . See F9.1. 1 for synon ymous verbs.
Ha 2:S (" '].o,-Calc. of space make it probable that th e scroll lacks one or mo re of the words o f MT, such as
~::l t'JN' wh ich are also lacki ng in the LXX. [" l os could rep resent
e.g ., [davv8dTo" fo r wh ich cf. Ot Ain
Jer. 3:7; a'a'8' in Ps. 77(78):57 and a' {f in Ps. I18(Il9) : I S8.
'l'::l
Ha 2:5 ouy[' '] (LXX: ouoev I-'~ 7TpclV?J )- Barth. OV8[fV ...]' T h e Jet ter canno t be a delta (B art h .) o r mu (ou H-[~]) or
kappa (~UK). Possible , but not likely , is a nu (lIol-'VW or VI-'W equall ing the root ml?) , but t he most likely
candidates are a pi (cf. LXX 7TpavTJ) and even more so a gam ma (OV r D.
Ha 2:5 [aweigH] (LXX: E7TLawagH)-Based on Ha 1: 1 S; I\tli 4 :6 (MT: t'J0N",). See F8 .1 conce rn in g the
replacement of compounds w ith sim plex forms in R . Ten se recon str ucted in acco rdance with the p arallel
verb .
Ha 2:5 [1TpO,2] = LXX- Barth .: [l,]. Cf. FI I.1.
Ha 2: 13 [7Tu p6,] (LXX: EV7Tupt)-Adapted to MTWN. For approximation s to MT in case endin gs, see F IO.4b.
For omission of elemen ts, see F lo.6 . If the same constr uction was used in both stichs, 7TlJp must be
recon structed rather than 1Tup6, (cf. KVOV in the accusative).
H a 2: 13 [EV 'Kav6T7]Tt] KHOV (LXX; 7Toi\i\d)-Adapted to MT 1'" ":J . For EV IKavoT7]TL cf. context in R. S ee
FIO.3 for the exact rep resentation of all elem ents of the Hebrew.
Ha I: 14 8o..Aei[a07} ,]- Reconstructed as 8aAa[a-](10)[a7],] on lines <)- 10 of col. 17 because th e usual practice was
to d ivide between geminate conso nan ts. There is no trace of the sigma on 1. 9 and the reconstructed letter
would extrude into the m arg in . Howeve r , also on 1. 17 t he scribe wrote t wo letters beyond h is right hand
m arg m .
Ha 2:14 [7TA7] a]8~aTat (LXX: EI-'7TA7]a8~aTat)-For reconst ructed simplex, see F 8. Barth.: [Ev7TA7]a]8~aTat .
H a 1: 14 [---] (before [0..,)) (LXX: Ko.I)-O m itted with MT W~'::l . S ee FI 4 .r.
Ha 2:1 4 [tiS" ] (LXX: ti8wp)- See on Jo 3:7.
H a I: 14 (--- l p7TTd] (L XX: Tn lp1TETd)-Article omitted with MT
iu7#,):P.
Ha 1:14 [---] (before [OUK]) (LXX: Td 2 )-Om itted with MT Na, . S ee Fl.3 and Fl o .6.I.
Ha 2:1 4
[T~V] =
LXX-For the use of the Greek article for
1'\~
w ith nouns, see F6.
Ha 2: 14 [KaTo.KaAvIj;H] = LXX- Reco nstructed in spite of R 's pro bable preference for the simplex (d. v . 17)
because of calc. of space.
Ha I: I S [7TllvTa]-( LXX: aUVTAt a v)- Adapted to M T :1-;':>; cf. v. 9 in M T, LXX and R. See F IO.2.
Ha 2 : 14 [E1Tt] 8aAclaa[7]s] (LXX: aVTov, )-Reconstructed acco rd ing to MT C' a,37 .
Ha I: I S [T0 dl-'].pt{3A~aTpcp aUTou (LXX: EV dl-'.pt{3"~aTpcp)-Articl e added in accordance with added pronoun
(cf. MT '~'n:l), d. F4.
Ha I: I S [~V Til] aa y~JI"!7 aUTov (LXX: EV TOo', aay~vat, aVToii}--Article reconstru cted in the singular to agree with
the noun. See F 4 . I.
Ha 2: I S Before this verse a 'closed ' section is reconst ructed in acco rdance with the M asoretic prac tice and
follow ing calc . of space. See A4a.
Ha 1:16 [T0
dl-'.ptfil"~] (JTpcp
aVTov (LXX: Til aay~vTJ aUToii)-For the use of the article, see F4. 1.
L XX--TOU not reconstructed before this word (cf. MT l'i1a,) because of calc. of
Ha 1:17 [d170KTWft]l( =
space. See FZ.3 .I.
H a 2: I [b TL 7TlfTp]a, (LXX: En, 7TTpav)- Case ending of [7TTp]a, continued from previous preposition. The
L XX used a d iffe re n t verb . Barth. 220 : [E7Tt 7TPt.pp~a, reconstructed from 0.' l (ci rcinum) re Rec ting
etymological exegesi s of MT ,,~~ ~37. C alc . of space make th is reconstruction unlikely .
H a 2:2 EK.pav[' ']-E.g., IK.pav[Lv] parallel t o the previous verb or
~ K.pav[7]8t] .
H a 2:2 [E7TL 7TUg{W ]V ( LXX: En, 7TUg{OV ), MT: mna,i1 ~37-AJJ elements of the reconst ruct ion are u ncertain . Our
point of depart u re is the assum p t ion t hat the same word is u sed as in the LXX and th at R wou ld have
preserved the plural of MT instead of the sing u lar of the LXX (see FI 0A- I ). Th is change requires the
em ployment of the genitive case with E1T{ wh ich is m ore fr eq ue nt in the LXX w ith verbs of writing than
either the accus.at ive or d ative case. At the sam e tim e, there is no room in the lacuna for an article required
by MT so th at in th is m atter R probably followed tbe LXX . For the placing of the fragment at the ends of
II. 23- 5 of col. 17, see note in D .
H a 2:2 [T plXlTJ (LXX: OtWKTJ)- For lexical approxi m ations of ve rbs to MT , see F IO.I. T he reco nst ructed
read ing is identical with a' a'.
Ha 2:2 [EV aVTiI] (LXX : aVTa.) --Reconstructed (h ebraistical1y) w ith MT':I (feminine fo rm adap ted to opaat,).
Ha 2:3 [OTt] (LXX: 8t6Tt)- See F9. 3. T he shorter OTt is prefe rred because of calc. of space .
Ha 2 :3 [opaat,] = LXX-Reconstruction probable because of identical eqtuvalent (MT: Tnn) in R in v. 2. O n
the oth er hand, [au]T6v later in the verse should probably refer to t his n oun , so that a masculine noun may be
expected h ere (amvo, ; opal-'aTtal-'6, of a' is too long for the lacuna). However , the same problem obtains in the
Ha 2:1S [ouat] T[0J (LXX: w)--MT "'i1. Cf. H a 2:6. Barth.: [o]vaU].
H a 2:1 5 [.... ]u-- dvaTp[o7Tfj) occurs also in the LXX for n)C~ o f M T, so that it is difficult to dete rm ine the
eq u ivalent in MT represented by the preceding wo rd ["' ]u. Barth. 216- 17 re constructs [Eg d1Tpoa80K~To]V
and avaTp[o7T7),] as in ' an d the S ahidic translation (see p. 230). G. Howard, Biblica SS (1 974) 18 suggests:
[auTo]u.
H a 2:IS [T]oii E7T!,?[M7THII] (LXX: 07TWS E7Tt{3M7TTJ}- For a similar rende ring o q37~a" see the LXX in Jud 2:22
and 2 Ch r 2S:20. For the article with the infi n itive , see F2A
H a 2:I S [T~V daX'7l-'0a]vv7]v a~[TC.;:']v (LXX: Td
p ronom inal suffix, see F 4 . 1.
a7T~Aata
aUTwv)--For the articl e before t he nou n with a
Ha 2: 16 - I n the lacuna at t he beginning o f I. 23 of col. 18 there is p robably roo m for on ly one of the two ver bs
of the LXX (Kat 8taaai\v87]Tt KaL a{a87]Tt) representing one word in M T, a,'37:1t
Ha 2: 16 -At the begi nn ing of 1. 24 of col. 18 th ere is room fo r Ti], b efore [8gt<l,] o r for TOU before the
tet ragrammaton.
Ha 2: 16 KaL EjJ.TO' [dTtI-'{as] (LXX: KaL aw~x87] dTtI-'{a)-Genitive case req ui red by p recedi ng noun (based on
Tla,p.,i" of MT take n by R as two words).
H a 2:17 [- -- '\t{3avou] (LXX: "To ii J1t{3avo u)- See FS.3 for the omission of the article before proper nouns .
Ha 2: 17 [KT7]VWV] (LXX: 87]p{wv)-For this equiva lent, cf. Jo 3:7,8.
Ha 2: 18 [Kal.pa]vTaa{av (LXX: .paVTaa{av)-Adapted to MT i1"~' . Fo r the additio n of KaL, see FI 4. 1 (calc. of
space).
Ha 2: 19 [Oua}?
Ha 2: 19 ---
~lywv
LXX- Cf. Ha 2:6 for equivalent of R.

(LXX: 0 Mywv)-Article om itted w ith MT
"1~N.
See F I.3.
Ha 2 :19 [---] T0 At8cp (LXX: Ka L T0 At8cp )- Ka1 omi tted with MT l::!Na, (c alc. of space) . See F I4.1.
94
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DE S ERT VII I

E . NOTES ON THE RE C OKSTRUCTIONS
Ha 2 : 19 [loov] (LXX: TOv-rO ol)- -Adapted to MT itli'1. F or lexical approximat ion of particles, see FIO.2. Fo r
approximations to MT by omission, see Flo.6a.
H a 2: I 9 ou [p.'11 i[o)Tlv (LXX:ouKlonv)-Although the constructi on itsel f is not likely (cf. R in Mi 4:4 rN-oUK
lOTlII) , it is reconstructed because the sequence ou [O]TtV is not p robable and because there is room for two
letters in front of l [o]TlIl.
H a 3:9 [ifE'yt"{pwv] ifE'Y[E'p]~!, (LXX: iVTt"{vwv i VTt"VE'LS")- Participle reconstru cted on the basis of the preserved
verb . M T : "':I1M i'1~":11 .
Ha 3:9 - See note in D on the word after pa/1~[o]v)".
Ha 3:9 [aE'AE'] (LXX: ouil/JaAfLa)-.Cf. H a 3: 13 for equivalent of R. Forlexical approximations of nou ns to MT,
see Flo.I.
Ha 3:9 [1rOT<1]/:,ot(LXX: 1roTafLwv)- Probably the only possible way to u nderstand the syntax ofR is by adding
a comma after this word on the assumption that l1i':m was read as a passive verb (see FI3 .2).
Ha 3: 1 0 [--- WS{v'1a]av (LXX: Kal WOtV~oOuo')-Kat omitted with MT ,1;I~n~. See F lo .6. I.
Ha 3: 10 vW'l (LXX: t1oaTa) -See on Jo 3:7.
Ha 3: 10 [1rap1]A80'] (LXX: 1ropda,; MSS add aVrou, th us Rahlfs)-Adapted to MT .,::l11 (freq ue n t equivalent
in the LXX; see also a'). See FIO.3 fo r use of the same part of speech as as the H ebrew .
Ha 3: 10 ["lat s" [a]v.rov-These words are taken as an eq uivalent of 1i'1~i~ in v . 10 , although they cou ld also
represent i'11;1::lT in the next verse . Th is view is based on a partial reconstruction of II. 29-3 2 of col. 19. See
next note.
Ha 3: I I [E' t,) ~iyYoe; aa[Tpa1r17S"] = LXX-These words are taken as equivalents o f P.,::l i'1111.;1 of MT 1~~n '1N1;I
'M~ln i',:::1 i'111? ,;:,I.;Ii'1\ beca use the two G reek wo rds are regular equ ivalents of these Hebrew words. They
cannot reflect ,~~n "NI.;I, and the scroll t hus reflects a differ ent Hebrew text. In t his diffe rent text after the
fir st word in I. 3 2 of col. 19 there p robably followed a translation of ,-~n "NI.;I. In other words, the scroll
represents ,-~n .,'KI.;I and ,M'ln i',:::1 i'1111.;1 in a reverse order. Furthermore , it looks as though there is no
space in I. 29 for a translation of (10) NtrJl and (I I) i'1~~T i~l1 n." w~a;, so that in this regard also R reflects a
different text.
Ha 3: I I [at/Mv1]'] (LXX: o7TAwv)-MT 11'1'ln . C f. Mi 4: 3. See F9. 2 for synonymous nouns and FI 2. 12 for the
orthograp hy .
H a 3: 12 iv fL[,BptfL~au] (LXX: ill a1rHAiJ)-F or the reconstruction (M T : C17T::l), cf. Lam 2:6.
Ha 3: 12 [--- iv OUfLO/] (LXX: KaZ V {JllfLo/}-Kai omitted witb MT I')N::l . See F t 4 .I.
Ha 3: J 3 [dS" aWT1] p{av ] (LXX: TOU owoat)-Adapted to MT 17W"I.;I . For th e use of t he same part of speech as the
Hebrew, see F IO. 3.
H a 3: 13 [TaU XptOToil] oou (LXX: Tove; Xpt OTOVS" oou)-Reconstr ucted according to M T ,n~~ MK (sing ,),
adapted to the p reced ing word. Barth. 2 I 8: {owT7]p{a]v a[uv To/ XptOTo/].
Zephaniah
95
Z p 1:4 [TOV,] = LXX-Probably R retained the art icle because of [1ravT]aS" (su pported by calc. of space). For a
similar mstance in the p reserved text, see Ha 2:8 "M~ 1.;I;:'-[7Ta]~S" ot [" '].
Zp 1:4 [TO] v1![oAE' tf.Lf.La] (LXX: TO. ovofLaTa) - For the art1cle rendering MN, see F6. F or the equivalent, see M i
4:7 v[1ToA Lf.L]fLa as well as frequentl y in the LXX . See FJo.1 fo r lexical approximations to MT .
Zp 1:4 [" '] ,BaaA- Either [T1]'] as in the LXX or [TOU] .
Zp 1:4 /:,[mi] (LXX: --- )- Adapted to MT Cl1.
Zp 1:5 K[a]1 [TOUS" 7TPOOKvvouvTaS"] (LXX: Kat -- - ) -Added according to MT c..,nnW7.)i'1 MK12 (calc. of space). For
the equivalent, see the beginning of the verse .
Zp 1: 5 [TCp ~] (LXX: KaTo. TOU Kvp{ou}-Adapted to MT i'11i'1'I.;I. For lexical app roximations o f prepositions
to MT, see F IO.2. For th e article before the divine name, see FS+
Zp I :5-6 - Reconstruc tion of I. 4 I of col . 20 is difficult. If the word in the beginnin g o f v . 6 is reconstructed as
[Kat TOUS" KKA[vOVTaS"] ( = LXX, MT: C"l'Clil MN' ), even withou t the pr everb there is not enough room for V
[r)o/ [,BaoL AE't ali"Twv] at t he end of v. 5 (MT: Cf7~~) . It is therefore not impossible that a shorter text such as iv
He;; [p.d XOfL] (cf. many MSS of the LXX) should b e reconstructed.
Zp I: 14 [~fLcpa] = LXX (Ziegler; Rah lfs read s the article w ith many M SS of the LXX)- For the omission of
the article with nouns in the construct state , see F3 , 5.
Zp 1: 14 E7TLa{""}--Almost certainly this word stand s for n'~ in the MY and aKA1]pa in the LXX. Barth.:
E1r{o['1fLoe;].
Z p 1:1 4 [KE'L ouvaTo,] (LXX: TCTaKTat ollvaT~ )-Ad apted to MY ":::11 CW. See F ro.2.
Z p t:l 7 K[aF [ifE'XE'LTO] (LXX: Kal i KxuL}- Adapted to MT 1~qt)
Zp I: I 7 1r[T~fLJq.[T]a (LXX.: oapKas), MT C7.)nl.;l1-See F9.2 for ~;nonymous no uns.
Zp 1:18 K[a{ ye1 (LXX: Kat)-Adapted to MT C1. Cf. Fr o .2 for the equivalent of R.
Zp 2:9 E[wS" TOU alwvoS"] (LXX: E'LS" TOV alwva ), MT: c1;I,11 i17- Reconstructed on the basis of R in Mi 1 :7; 4=7 .
Z p 2:9 [KantAOt]1rO[t] (LXX: Ka( oi KaTaAot7Tot)- KaL omitted with ]\tIT M-"~ . Calc. of space d o n ot allow for the
in cl usio n of th e article (alternatively [TO U) should be omi tted in the reconstruction of the preceding phrase) .
Zp 2:9 [TOU] Aaou [p.]o[u] (LXX: Aaou fLou)-For the addi tion of the article before noun s wi th a pronominal su ffix
(calc. of space), see F4. 5. The same app lies to the reconstruction of [TOU UlvouS" f.Lou].
Zp 2:9 [TOU E8vouS" f.Lou] = LXX (E8vou; fLOU) and Qe re ~"l .
Z p 2:9 [K]A1][P]O[VOfL~oo]u[aLV] = LXX-Calc. of space favo ur the simplex rather than a compositum (Kara) .
See F 8, S.
Zp 2: 10 [aVTL t1,BpEwe;] aUTw\, (LXX: aVT! T1]S" t1/1pwS" aUTwv}-Article omitted because of calc . of space (MT:
Cl'Nl). See F4. 3.
Zp 2: 10 - Five 0) letters are visible at the beginning of the last line of col. 22 representin g ,1;Ii1..,. T hey cannot
rep resent -81]oav of i fLeyaAUv81]aav (for equivalent , see Mi 5: 3[4] and LXX ad loc .).
Zp 3:6 [ci7T]W[AoVTO] (LXX: EgIAt1rov)-This is a mere conjecture, not supported by any evid ence, as the
Hebrew verb (i'1i::l) does not occur elsewhere in t he O,T.
Zp 1:2 -Spaces are reconstructed before this verse in accordan ce with the 'paragraphos occurri ng after I. 25
of col . 20. See A4a.
Zp 3:6 [7Tapo. TO f.Lry v1rap]xk ]tv (LXX: rrapa. TO fLT)OJlU v7TapXHv)- Preposition reconstructed acco rdi ng to the
LXX ad loc o and th e most frequent equi valent in the LXX of -1.;I::l7.) in tru s constructio n.
Zp 1:2 ouv[a'Y''']---e.g., ovv[ayayE'].
Zp 3:6 rO ta. TOU fLry E'tvat] (LXX: fL'1o()- Recons truc ted in accordance with th e frequ en t LXX equivalen t o fPK~
in th is construction . The use of an infi nit ive is necessary before [KaTOt]Kouvra .
Zp 1:2 [7TavTa] (LXX: ---)-Added according to MT 1.;1;:, .

Zp 1:2 [i1TaIlW8E' v] (LXX : a1ro)-MT 1.;I11~. Calc. of space favour t he choice of [imlvw/JflI) in V. 2 (for the
equivalent cf. Barth. 54-59) and of [ci7T01 (cf. R in Z a 3:4) in v. 3, although l mlvw9E'v is not impossible for V. 3.
In both cases t he article is omitted (d. F3.1 ).
Zp 1:3 [17E THVOV] (LXX: TO. 7THHvo.)-Adapted to M T 1'),:11.
Zp 1:3 [tX OVE,] = LXX (0; ,x9we;)-Nominative reconstructed in accordance with the case ending of
[av8]p.w7T0S" . Article of the LXX omitted in accord ance w ith F3 .S.
Zp 1: 3 According t o the space available in I. 30 of col. 20, R must have contained a rendering of MT ",1.;Iv;;:'7.)m
C~l1W"i'1 l1N not represented in the LXX . Possible reconstruction : [Ka i ai ao8ivua L auv TO', aoc/1wt).
Zp 1:4 [Kai EK"TE'IIW] = L XX (MT : -M~tm)-Cf. a' passim.
Zp 3:7 [--- oE'1faL (LXX: Kat Ufa08E')-Adapted to MT 'npM. For omission of Kai, see F1 4. I.
Zp 3:7 [7T- hY~- This type of division is unusual for scribe A so that one 's first inclination is to reconstruct a pi
at the beginni ng of L. 40 of col. 23 and not at the end of I. 39 as in o u r recon struction. However, with the
exception of a m inute dot which could be ink t here are no sign s on the leather which co uld be t ake n as
remnants of such a letter. More importantly, if there would have been such a letter , it wo uld have been
p rotruding too much into the left margin without an y contextua l reason. T he leather at this point is as
smooth as the s urroundi n g surface and shows no signs that a section would have peeled off.
Zp 3:7 cl [pOploan] (LXX : op8ptoov) -Adap ted to the consonantal fr am ework of MT '1;)~;:'Wi'1 . See n ext entry
and FI OA . r for app roximations in grammatical n um ber.
Zp 3: 7 [oLa~8E'{p]an (LXX: otl4>8apTat)- Compositum reconstructed wi th the LXX because of calc. of space
(in spite of F8 .r).
96
DISC O VERIES TN THE J UDAEAN DESERT V III
Zechariah
Z a 1:2 [7Tan'paS' VfkWV] (LXX: TOUS' 7TaTpas v/.uvv)-Recon struction of I. 34 of col. 28 is no t certain . [n its present
form the reconstru cted lin e is longer than the other lines, so that agains t F3 .5 the article before 7TaTpaS' is left
out. Possibl y [opy~v] ( = M T fJ ~V' ) was lack ing as we ll , and certainly /.u,ya>'7]v of t he LXX .
Za 1:3 [TaOE MYEL] = LXX-Cf. also R in Za 3:7 .
Za [ :3 [MYE~] ~ (LXX : ---)-Adapted to MT mil' CK] (cf. R in N a 2:14; Z p 1:3) . S ee above on Mi 4:6.
Z a 1:4 [.1l7!![aTpljJaTE]-[dl ,!.;.[aTpljJaT] = LXX is possi ble as well. F or R, see note o n Mi 2:8.
Za
I: 13 [--- >'6yo vs] (LXX: Kal~ '\oyovs)-Adapted to MT C'i::l"T . For omission of Kat to correspond with MT,
see F1 4 . [.
Za I: 14 -Space reconstructed after A[lywv] in accordance with 'paragraphos ' occurring after I. 4 0 of col. 29.
See A4a.
Za
I : 14 [TWV Dvv]affkEwv]-Word division in tbe midd le of a syllable (11. 40- I of col. 29: [Dvv-](4 1)affkEwvj) is
unusual for scribe A who otherwise usual ly breaks offwords at the ends of syllables. The reconstruc tion is
therefore not ce rtai n .
Za
I : 14 [T~V tf'povaa>'7]fJ- Kat T~V] aE[tWv]

F SI.
LXX (L'twv)- Articles reconstructed because of calc. of space. See
Z a 2:2 [aTt]v = LXX-Governed by TaVr[a). [Elat]v is equally possible, cf. F7.1 I.
Z a 2:2 [---] (before Kat!) (LXX: dptd.- Omitted with M T.
Za 2:2 [Kat T~V] tEpov[aa>'7]fJ-] (LXX: ---)-Ad apted to MT C~'Ztli"'. F or the add ition of Kat, see F1 4. I. T h e
article is reconstructed because of calc. of space, but the argum ent is not decisive.
Za 2: 3 - S p ace reconstructed before this verse (cf. 'closed section ' in MT) . See A4 a .
Z a 2:4 [M ywv] (L X X: 71pOS fkE)-Adap ted to MT i~K~ (calc. of space).
Za 2:7 [.1K710PElJf'Tat] (LXX: EiaT~Kf't)-For the equivalen t (MT : K3~ ) , cf. M i I :3. For lexical approx imations to
MT, see FIO. I .
Z a 2:8 [Dpaw] (L X X: M y wv DpafJ-E Kat)-Adapted to MT
f'
(calc . of space).
Z a 2:8 [dTEtx{a]TaS' (LXX: KaTaKap71ws)-Reconstructed fo r M T 1m .,!:) becau se of a simi lar form in a

(dTELX LaTWS ) an d R in H a 3: 14, even tho ugh the exact form is not clear in the context (tf'povaa>'7]fJ- is construed
as a p lu ral femi n ine noun , p robab ly on the basis of I'm , !:) .
Za 2:8 n[lJ,jaEts] may reflect C' WM for MT :::I~M, and it would furt hermore explain the accusative of [dTHXta]Tas
ment ioned above.
Za 2:8 [a710 71>'~80]vs = L X X (MT ::I' r.I)- R econstruction yields too sh ort a I. 33 of col. 30 and too long a 1. 34.
[&V8pW710]VS' wou ld n ot fit th e con text. E ither th e recon struction is wrong or the verse was shorter in R' s text.
Za 2: 10 [OQaL ovat Kat] (LXX: JJ J,)-Recon structed (here as well as in v . I r) according to MT.' "1il ~'n. For R,
cf. H a 2:6, 19.
Z a 2: 10 [OTt] (LXX: Olon)-Cf. F9.3 (MT: '~) .
Za 2: 10 [WS' TOUS' Taaapf'S' aVEfJ-OvsJ (L X X: K TWV uaaapwv UVEfJ-wv)- Adapted to MT C~r.I~i1 mn' i 37:l " K~.
C alc. of space do not necessitate th e inclusion of TOUS . For the reconstructed TEaaapf'S', cf. R in 2:3.
Za 2: [I [dS' anwv] (LXX : ds L'twv)-For the reconstructed spel li ng , see F I 2. I, fo r t he non -repre sentation of
the article , see FS.3 .
Za 2: I I [civaacP~ov] (LXX: dvaa<p~a8f')-Ad apted to MT ~~~r.lil . See F IO+ 1 for app roximations to MT in
g rammatical n umber.
Za 2: r r [K]q.TOtK[ovaa] (LXX: KaTotKovvTs)-Adapted to MT M::I'Ztl". See FI O. 4. r for ap p roximations to MT in
g rammatical n um ber. F or th e om issio n of the article, see F3 .4 .
Z a 2: II Q[v]ya{TEpa] (= LXX)-Q[v]ya[T7]p] and Q[v]ya[up] are also p ossible.
Z a 2: I 2 -Space reconstructed befo re this verse (cf. ' closed section ' in MT). See A4 a .
Za 2: 12,17 [on] (LXX: DtOTt), MT: ' ::>- See F 9.3.
Z a 2.: 12 [TWV DVVa(J-f'wv] (LXX: 71avToKpaTwp)-See F I.S for the full evidence . For lexical approxi m ations of
nou ns to MT, see F l o .! .
E. NO T ES ON THE RECON S TRU C TION S
97
Za 2:16 [Iv Ilfpouaa'\"1JLl (LXX: 'T1jv fifpouaaA"1fk)--Prep osition reconstructed with MT C~":J ... '"In:Jt For
this Hebraistic rendering, see the L XX of 2 C h r (6:S,6,34 and passim) and see P . Walters, The Text of the
Septuagint (Cambridge 1973) 142-3. F or the non- representation of the article, see F5+
Za 2:17 - Space reconstructed befo re this verse in accord an ce with the 'paragraphos' occu rring after 1. 15 of
col. 31. See A4a.
Za 2:17 [au.o'"1aov] (LXX: wAa,8If{08w)- MT Oit . Cf. H a 2:20 for equiv alent of R. See F lo.1 fo r lexical
approximations to M T .
Za 2: 17 [IK TOUKaToiKT/TT/p{OU ay{ov aVToii] (L XX: l K vlftPlf).wvay{wvavTov)--Ad apted to M T W"Ty 'J'Il1r.1r.1. F o r the
root, cf. a' lK Ka'TOIK~ aws ay{as aVTou and the frequent eq uivalent of the LXX and a' . R's p resumed
equivalent probably differed from that fo r ~~"it , vaOS (see Na 2:7). S ee F lo. 1 for lexical ap proximation s to
MT. For the addition of the article, see F4.4.
Za 3:1 S pace reconstructed before th is verse because of calc. of space. C f. ' closed section' in M T and see A4a.
Za 3:1 (;OTTJKVI] (LXX: i~KE,)--Reconstructed (here and in v. 5) fo r the particip le of M T ("Tr.l11).
Za 3:1 [TOUoiafMAAlflv aVT6v] -(L X X : TOU aVTtKia8at a VTc.O), MT: 'l~W~ - Reconstructed in accordance with
j)II1,80>.o, (lOW) occu rring earlier in the sentence. For a sim ilar renderin g, see the LXX of Num 22:22.
Za 3:4 [lvw7Tlov] (LXX: 7TpO 7Tpoaonrov...)--For R a shorter word has been reconstructed because otherwise the
line would h ave b een too long . The longer reconstruct ion is, however, n ot impossible .
Za 3:4 [d JLana}--O rthog rapby reconstructed as in v. 5. See F 12 . I.
Za 34 ['T1jv avofk{av aov] (LXX: nts aVOJL{as aou)-Adapted to M T '1'I~ . For approximations to M T m
gramm atical number, see FI O.4. I.
Za 3:5 [Ka, 1f17Ta] (LXX: Ka; ---)--Add ed according to M T '"Ir.lK'1 .
Za 3:5 T h e sequence ofthe two sentences in R agrees with the LXX as in M SS BS + (Ziegler's ed ition ) and
disagrees with M S S W AQL + (Rahlfs).
Za 3:5 K[ai IVl;uaav aVTov] ( L XX : Kai 7Tp"f3a'\ov aOrov)--Recon structed according to the frequent eq u ivalent
of M T ,iW:z"".
Za 3:5 [Kai a]YYIf,\os
(LXX: Kal 0 aYYIf>'os Kvp(ou)--F or the omission of t he article in construct nouns, see
F 35
Za 3:6 [E1fkap1'Upa[To) (L XX: j)IIfJLaprepaTo)-The p reverb is not reconstructed for R because of calc . of space.
See F8. I. Barth .: [j)'~]JLaPTvpa['To].
Za 3:6 [---] (before [a)yy).os) (L XX : o)--See on F 3.4.
Za 3:7 -Space recon structed after /) u[vaJLwv] in acco rdance wit h the 'paragraphos' occurring befo re I. 38 of
col. 3 I. See A4a.
Za 3:7 [njv .pv'\a]K~v JLOV (LXX: Ta "'p0G'TaYfkaTa fJ-ov)-Fo r th e article rende ring MK, see F6. Barth.: THv ... J,
Za 3:7 T[a, aQ).as JLou] (L XX: T~V aQ)'~v JLOu)- Ada pted to MT "?~t! l'IK. See F IO-4- 1 .
Za 3:7 11l1?'(Ep~]7T[aToWraS') (LXX: avaaTptP0fkVOUS), M T : C~:;l?;:t~ Recon st ructed from the preserved letters
accord ing to the equivalen t of a' elsewhere. I n th is reconstr'uction the Hebrew is taken in the same way as in
the LXX (possibly reflecting a d ifferent vocalization : C~:;l~::r7;). At the same t im e, the H eb rew could also
have b een understood abst ractl y (BD B: 'goings') as .1V7![pI];[aT~fkaTa] (wo rd not foun d in t he LXX) .
Za 8-Q - S paces b etween wo rds have n ot been indicated for the reconstructed words in the lacunae, since
they are not p red ict able , even though they occur in most instances in the text written by scribe B.
Za 8: 19 [~ TTapT7]] (L XX : ~ TTpas)-Reco nstructed according to MT ~l1 ' :::I 'it (thus also a' a'8': 1j TOVTTapT7]).
Za 8:19 [; uovTal] = LXX- Reconstructed because of G reek syntax as well as of calc. of space. M T is in the
singular: ;"I"il'.
Za 8:1 9 [- - -] (before ls) (LXX: Is xapall Kai}-Omitted against M T (calc. of space).
Za 8:19 [---] Kai s (LXX: Kat fVtPpav8..fJuE a8E, Kat}-Omitted with MT (calc . of space).
Za 8:20 [Ta:OE MYEl] = L XX- Thus also R in Za 3:7.
Za 8:20 [lws] (LX X : In)--Reconstructed on th e b asis of the mood of [; '\]8walv which would not have suited
In. [;ws] is reconstructed from MT "T read as "T~. T he next word in R (MT : "~K) was probab ly avo
Za 8:21 [1'\IfV)aovTa! (LXX: avvf'\nl aovTal)- For the rep lacement of com posita of the LXX with simplex forms
in R, see F 8.1.
Za 8:21 [."po]s (L XX: l,)--Reconstructed with F ll . I(2). Barth. : [EYS .
t-r[p ]
98
Za 8:21 - I. r6 of col BI is somewhat short, and there is room for an added word such as [110"\(11), possibly
required as supplement to [pJa}'1] .
Za 8:21 1TO(PVO/-W'Ol] (LXX: ---)-Reconstructed with MT "~l'1 on the basis of the assumption that in this
construction of the infinitive absolute ("~l'1l'1:;)~l) the participle would be used (d. the addition in Lucianic
and other MSS). Also possible is 1TO(PVUI] (thus Barth. with the corrector of codex S).
Za 8:23 [OTt] (LXX: ~l(STl)-See F9.3 (MT: ~).
F . TRA N SLATION TECHNIQUE, ORTHOGRAPHI C
PEC U LIARI T IES AND TEXTUAL RELATIONS
Za 8:23 [---] (after last word) (LXX: lUTllI)-Om itted with M T . For approximations to MT by omission, see
FIO.6.
Contents
Za 9: 1 - 'Open' section reconstructed before this verse because of calc. of space and the 'capital ' letter in I. 3
of col. B2. Cf. the 'closed section' in MT and see A4a .
Za 9: I [a~pax] (LXX: L'cSpaX)-MT ,.,,".
I. Introduction
General
R is a revision of the LXX
0.2.' Shared equivalents
0.2.2 Shared translation technique

0.1
Za 9:1 [TOU) IUpa"1A = LXX-Article included because of calc. of space.

Za 9: 2 [Op{{1 au)njll (LXX: lv Toi~ Op{Ol~ aVnj~)-Adapted to MT l'1~ '~l1'1 . For the use of the same part of
speech as the Hebrew, see FIO3. The rendering of the p reposition l'1~ has been adapted to the verb: [au]njl'.
Za 9:2 [OTI] (LXX:~IoTl)-See F9.3.
0.2
Za 9:3 oxo[pw~aJ (LXX: 0XVPW/LaTa)-Adapted to MT "'~7'l. For approximations to MT in grammatical

number , see FIO.4.1.
Za 9: 3 [JaVTiiJ = L XX - According to the orthography of iaTol' in Ha 2:6, [JaTjiJ is possible as well.
Za 9:3 [ws ."..,,"\011] = L XX and MT-For equivalent of R , cf. Na 3:14; Ha 2:6.
II. Translation Technique and Orthographic Peculiarities

I. Hebrew
article
1.1 H ebrew article: R = LXX h as G reek article (34 x + 27 x )
1.2 Hebrew article: R adds to LXX in conformity with MT (2 x )
1.3 R ( = M T ) omits article of LXX (2 x + 6 x)
1.4 R = LXX adds article against MT (lO X + 2 X )
1.5 R adds article against MT = LXX (5 x + 5 X )
1.6 Conclusions
Za 9:4 [f l~) = L XX for - ~ in MT- Reconstruction secured by th e case ending of the next word . For similar
renderings in R, see Jo 3:4; Na 3: 14 (both = L XX).
2.
Lamed info
Lamed info ren dered b y T aU: R = LXX (4 x + 2 x )
L amed inf.: R adds TOV against LXX (2 x )
2.3 L amed inf.: R omits TaU again st LXX (2 X + I x)
2 .1
2 .2
2.4 Conclusions
3. Construct words
3.1 Construct words:
3.5 C onclusions
R = L XX has Greek art. before nom . regens (7 x + I x)

R = LXX omits Greek art. before nom. regens as in MT (9 x
R adds article before nom. regens (I x)
R ( = MT) omits article before nom. regens (, x + 13 x )
+ 4 x)
4. Pronominal suffix
4 . 1 Pronom in al suffix: R
(23 x + 37 x)
4.2
= LXX has article before no un, sometimes w ith differen t nouns
Pronominal suffix: R = LXX omits article
(12 X )
4. 3 Pronominal suffix: R omits article (against LXX) (9 x
4.4 Pronominal suffix: R adds article (against LXX) (2 x

4.5 Conclusions
+ I x)
+ 4 x)
5. Article before proper nouns

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Article before p rope r nouns: R = LXX (I X + 3 x )

Article before proper nouns: R omits article of LXX (3 x )
Conclusions
Article before Kuptos/tXfi
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VII I
100
5-4- 1 G en eral practice (18 x )
542 Article before KVPLO,/t~:

543 Article befo re KVPLO,/tXf1:
R ( = LXX) has article

R omits (I x )
(2
x +2
X )
6. riM
6. I nK-G reek article: R = L XX (7 x
6.2 C onclusions
+ 12 X )
7. T enses of the verb

7 .0 ~Op translated by historic present, when R = L XX (2 X + 4 x )
7 I 'Op translated b y past (usually aorist), when R = LXX (19 x )
7.1.1 Idem, when R differs from LXX ( 13 x + 5 x)
7. 2 ' Op translated by future , when R = L XX (3 x )

7.2 . I I d em , wh en R diffe rs from L XX (I X )
7 3 'Op, t ranslated by future , w hen R = LXX (14 x)
7. 3.1 Id~m, when R d iffers from L XX (II x +4 x )

7.4 'Op, t ranslated by past b y R and L XX (0 x + I x)
75 'Op~ translated by indo fut. , w hen R = L XX (19 x)
7.5. I Id em, when R d iffers from L X X (9 x + 10 X )
7.6 ~OP" translated by indo of past or present tense b y both R and L XX (5 X )

7 .6. 1 Idem, w hen R diffe rs from LXX ( I x)
7 7 ' OP"translated after conjunctio ns OI negations by aorist subj. by R = LXX (5 X )
7.7. I Idem, when R d iffers from LXX (5 x + 2 x)
7 8 ~OP"1 translated b y past by both R and LXX (lI X + 3 X )
7 .8. I Idem , when R differs from LXX (5 x + I X )
7.9 ~Op~ translated by fut ure by both R and LXX (5 x )

7. 9.1 Idem, when R differs from LXX (6 x + I x)
7 . 10 C onclusions
7. I I The use of verbs wit h neuter plu ral n o uns
F . TRANSLATION TE C HNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPH I C PECULIARITIES
10.4.3 Person: nouns, pronouns, verbs (5 x + 2 x)
10-4.4 T enses (1 x + I x)
10.5 Addition of element(s) (3 x )

10.6 Omission of element(s) (12 x + 6 X )
10.6.1 Omission of elements possibly involving different Hebrew text

10.7 Stylistic transpositions of the LXX (7 x + I x)
(0 x
+II
1 I. Consistency and inconsistency
I I. I Consistency
1l.2 Inconsistency
11. 3 Non -stereotyped renderings

12. Orthographic and (morpho)phonological peculiarities
12.1
EL ( I2X
+4 x)
12.2 EL = OL (IX +2 X )
12.3 P reverbs and prefixes with fina] nasal (9 x
12.4 EK before nasals (3 x )
12.5 YY = vy (2 x )
12 .6 SUI = S,' ( I X + 2X )
12 .7 T = 8 (IX )
12 .8 En' = ECP' (2 X )
12 .9
>.ap..{3avw
+ 1 X)
(2 X )
12.10 a = E ( I X + 1 X)
12.IIO=W(IX)
12.1 2 Sibilants ( I x )
12 .13 v
movable
1 2. 14 av =
a (IX )
12.15 Augment
8. T he ver b: simplex and composita

8. 1 S implex in R for compositum in LXX (5 x + II X
8. 2 Compositum in R for simplex of LXX (2 x + I)
8 .3 Different p reverbs (5 x + I X )
8.4 S ame preverb, different verb (and number) (4 x )

8.5 Conclusions
9. Synonymous pa rts of speech

9. I Synonymous ve rbs
9. I.I D ifferent verbs (s tems) ( 13 x ; 4 x )
9. 1.2 Synonymous verbs-different form (4 x )

9.2 Synonymous nouns and adjectives (33 x + 9 x )
93 Synonymous prepos itions, conjunctions and particles
10.
I II . Textual R elations ( 13-1 5)
Approximations to the Hebrew text/langu age
10.1 Lex . mean ing of t he H eb r.: adjectives, n ouns, verbs (43 x + 15 x )
10. 2 Lex . meaning of the Hebr.: prepositions and particles (9 x + 14 x )
103 Exact representation of elements of the H ebrew (IS x + 9 x)
10.4 Form
10.4.1 Number (in nouns, p ronouns an d verbs) (19 x + 22 x )
10 -4 .2 Case endings (7 x + I x)
13. 1 R = LXX against MT (14 x + I x)
13 .2 R = LXX against MT in vocalization
(21
x)
14. 1 R = M T against LXX (59 x + 35 X)
14.2 R = M T against LXX in vocalization (15 x

15. 1
15 .2
15 .3
15.4
LXX = MT against R (14 x + 3 X)
L X X = M T against R in vocalization (2 x
R differs from both LXX and MT (6 x)
Indecisive (IX)
+5x )
+ 1 x)
16. Relation between Rand MSS of the LXX and the Hexaplaric sources
16.1 D ata
16. 2 C onclusions
x )
101
DISCOVERIES
102
I~
THE J UDAEAN DESERT VIII
I . Introduction
0.1
General
The following paragraphs analyse some of the issues in the translation technique and
language of R, its relationship to MT and the LXX, and its relation to individual MSS and
revisions of the LXX. While a fuller treatment of these issues must await another occasion,
the present discussion centres on matters which need to be clarified for the reconstruction of
the full text of R.
For each entry the text of MT is written in the left-hand column. The right-hand column
contains the text of the LXX (edition of Ziegler) as a lemma with the text of the scroll (R)
recorded or referred to in second position.
Five different relationships bet ween these texts are denoted by square brackets:
(a) One bracket after the LXX lemma without any following text: R is identical with the
LXX.
(b) One bracket with following text: R is identical with the LXX, but some letters are
recon structed. Reconstructed letters are indicated throughout in square brackets.
(c) Two brackets after the LXX text with text following : R differs from the LXX (including
orthographical differences and the writing of the tetragrammaton in palaeo-Hebrew
characters) .
(d) Three brackets after the LXX text with text following: R d iffers from the LXX (as in c),
but the difference is reconstructed.
(e) T ext of th e LXX without brackets: presumed text of R is identical with the LXX. Since
the two presumably are identical, the text is not repeated.
In addition, the following notations are used:
[ ]
after the brackets: reconstructed text of the scroll
{... }
text of the LXX rearranged in order to represent equivalent of MT
{ .. "' }
{d}
idem , st ylistic transposition

doublet
+++
plus element of the LXX

minus element of the LXX
K,Q
Ketib, Q ere
(Hebr)
reconstructed Hebrew Vorlage of the LXX (supplement to the left column) or R

(supplement to the right column)
F . T RANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES
10 3
the individual morphemes of the Hebrew in the Greek translations. In the use of these
slashes , convenience for the purpose of comparison rather than linguistic correctness has
sometimes guided their location.
The text of the "LXX" is quoted from the edition of Ziegler which contains the best
modem reconstruction of the Old Greek translation: J . Ziegler, Duodecim prophetae,
Septuaginta, Vetus Testamentum graecum auctoritate societatis litterarum gottingensis 2 , vol.
XII (Gottingen 1967 [basically identical with the first edition of 1943]). This edition is
superior to that of Rahlfs from which the text (as opposed to the apparatus) deviates in 22
details in the section covered by the scroll as well as in 43 cases of orthography (mainly the 1/
movable). In some of these instances it would have made a difference if the text of Rablfs had
been chosen as the base t ext, since what appears as a change in R from t h e" LXX" according
to one edition may be identical with the text of the LXX in the other one . These details have
been r emarked upon in the notes on the reconstruction (E). In any event, study of the best
single ancient source , codex B, shows that because of the idiosyncracies and m ist akes of this
source it is still better to choose a modern reconstruction of the Old Greek, with all its
subjectivity, than an available ancient source such as codex B.
In the following analysis conclusions are drawn from the detailed compa rison of R with
t he LXX. In this analysis the only possibl e procedure is to compare R with th e best available
reconstruction of the so-called original text of the LXX, contained in the aforementioned
edition of Ziegler. This procedure implies some imprecisions, for if the text of the LXX in
fact known to the revi ser differed from this modern edition, to the same degree our analysis
and st atistics will be slightly imprecise as well. This margin of error m ust b e kept in mind .
Naturally, this imprecision applies to the study of all r evisions of the L XX.
This imprecision is felt especially in those few cases in which R is presented as changing
the text of the LXX, while some MSS of the LXX actually agree with R (see 16.1). In those
inst ances R possib ly did not insert the change. Rather, R copied the text from ancestors of
MSS which have not been chosen as the text of Ziegler's edition, and such "variants " may
b e irrelevant to the discussion. At the same time, caution is in order in the other direction,
since the MS tradition of the LXX may h ave been influenced secondarily by the reading of
R which is often identical with that of the Hexapla or a ' a /(}/ (see 16.2 and Barth. 203- 65).
0.2
R is a revision of the LXX
That R is a revision of the LXX, rather than an independent translation of the Hebrew, is
established by two sets of data :
(I) R depends on the LXX, as is shown by those special (unusual, idiosyncratic) renderings
of the LXX which for some reason were left untouched by R.
(2) R revises the LXX in a certain direction.

The last- mentioned notations employ the system of the CATSS data base, on which see in
greater detail : J. Abercrombie et a1., Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies
(CATSS), Vol. I, Ruth, Septuagint and Cognate Studies 20 (Scholars Press: Atlanta,
1986) and E. Tov, A Computerized Data Basefor Septuagint Studies, The Parallel Aligned
Text of the Greek and Hebrew Bible, C ATSS Vol. 2, Journal of Northwest Semitic
L anguages, Supplementary S eries 1 (1986).
In accordance with the CATSS system, the morphological component s of the Hebrew
words are separated by a slash (j) . This system facilitates the analysis of the representation of
Evidence of consistent recensional activity is provided in sections FlO (involving inner

G reek revisional activity) and F14. 1 (involving the reviser' s correcting of the LXX towards
a Hebrew text close to MT). Secondary proof of inner-Greek recensional activity is foun d in
sections FI - 9 and 1 1-12.
In what follows, evidence of the common basis of the LXX and R is provided. Examples
are given of shared translation equivalents which are rare, unusual or even unique within th e
LXX as a whole , shared additions of elements or omissions against MT, all of which show
D I SCOVERIES IN THE J UDAEAN DESERT VIII
104
the special relationship between the two translations which is explained here in terms of a
translation and its r evision. Agreements of the LXX and R against MT involving a different
Hebrew text (F 13 . I) are not included in this category, for while they show that t he two texts
were based on the same Hebrew text, they do not necessarily prove that both were derived
from a common inner-Greek origin. The evidence is subdivided into two categories: shared
equivalents (0.2.1) and shared translation technique (0.2.2). The exact reasoning fo r
adducing a particular example is not quoted in detail , but is based on an analysis of the
vocabulary and translat ion technique elsewhere in the LXX.
T he evidence adduced here is not exhaustive .
The text is quoted according to the sequence and num bering of MT. Different numbers
of the LXX, if any, are added in p arenthesis after the text of the L XX.
0.2.1
The following shared equivalents are rare , unusu al or unique within the LXX, thus
showing a d ependence of R upon the L XX. In several instances the revision shares only one
aspect of a LXX rendering, while changing another. Thus in Ha 2:61'11i"n R did not change
t he translation option of the LXX, but omitted the preposition and changed t he case ending.
Likewise , in Ha 2: 16 R, like the LXX, took T'~ P"P as being composed of two elements, but
changed the translation options.
]0 4: 1
M i 1:4
M i 1:6
M i 1:6
"11~1l
c',m
a1TWO/-LaL ) q.1Tw(o/-LaL) (hapax translat ion)
loxo:rTJ )) (lox o]'fT), {d} t Aoc; (vocal.) ('1io-en ding, '1~0)
Kal ] K[al]
l Aurn/8TJ ] [E]~[u1T~OTJ1
AU1TTJV ) AU(1TTJV)
Ka7"ar/>p0/-Lvov 1 Ka7"ar/>[EpI6/-LEvo[v)
'31/'
(is
~~ O
(reed)
?X P"/'
i117.,
C)1TWPOr/>UAOKLOV I [o1Tw]por/>uAaKLOv (rendering '31 also in Ps. 79

(78): 1; M i 3:12; Je r 26 (33 ): 18; m eaning unclear)
Kat ]
"n'li1~
KUTUC17Ta.(1W ]
Mi 1:8
M i 2:8
?''ID
Mi 3:6
ilX:J/1
M i 4: 7
l1"NTD/?
(K)
"l:)l1 X~
??W; (Q)
aVU7To,sE7"0C; ) avu1T6[,sE7"0c;1 (hapax translation) (barefoot)

Kail
/-L1TPOOOV
Mi4:8
,~i)
(h ill )
,sUOE-raL I [,s]UOE7"aL
EtC; 1
imoAEL/-L/-La ) v[1ToAEL/-L)/-La
aUX/-Lw,sT)C; ) [auX)/-Lw,s1)C; (hapax translation; vo calization; w rongly
co nnec ted with preceding word) (dry-based on 'El31
'tttt?; d. also a')
T
iI'rDC1:)/:1
~1
apxYi 1
Na
:1'/"',
01
/-LEYW7"clVEC;1 !J..EYL oni]YEC;
aun)c; 1 aU(7"H(c;1
N a TIZ
tl"'::I:J (first-ripe figs)
OK01TOVC;
OK01T(O',] (hapax tran slation) (watchers, guards;
m ean ing uncl ear)
Na 3:16
'1 lr/'
Kal l (KJal
Ha
C'3T'/1
Kall
pnW'
7"u!'avvoL1 (hapax translation)

/-L1TatgnaL )1 v7TaME7"a.j
1 :10
Ha J: 10
Ha 1:10
Ha 1:14
Egmmi oOTJ ) gE1TE( n100TJ1
'::l3'/1 (and he heaped up)
Kat
{1/::l - .. }
{3aAEl 1 [f31~A~i' (hapax transla tion) (and he th rew)
fXOV-ra I [l x ov1-ra
'TDr.l
1{:J
iI'lm
Ha 2:5
H a 2:6
"iI'
Ha z:6
Ha z:7
11,,'n
,lri'''' (also v. 19)
Ha z:15
ncol:)
Ha 2: 18
il" O
Ha 2: 18
11' 3'
ilEll:X~
aVEa7TaOE II aVEo1Taoev (hapax transl ation)

Kat)
a1TOOK07TVOW
]
illr'?D~
cUa {w v 1(rare t ranslation)

Kat]
1Tpo{3ATJ/-La ) 1Tpo{3Ah/-L)a
,s'~YTJOLY II ,sL1/1'TJOL,
Kat 1
Kvt,.j;OUOIV )] E1'V~ [.j;OUO)!V (rare)
dVa7"p01Tii II [.. .1u avu7"p(07T7i] (hapax word in LXX; me aning
un cl ear-LSJ : pouring out)
--- ill
(Kat')
r/>av-raotav I [r/>a1v7"aotav (hapax; rare word; based on etym .
ilX,)
7"0 )
1TAao/-LU ]
~yOU/-LEVOV
{...} II >
Z a 1:4
Za 1: 14
Za 9: 2
0.2.2
C"lTDX'fi'1
X'i'
ilD:::m
01 E'/-L1TPOOOev )] o{ fV1TPOOOEV
avaICpa1'E ] [d voKpa)YE
lr/>povTJoav [E] r/>POVTJOEV
Shared translation technique
Jo 3:4
~~/'
'''P/ ~
Jo 3:7
CiKjil
'rOU
EtOEio.IJELV )] (1TO!'EuEoOlaL
~'C; ] (p rep.)
7"~V ]
1ToALV ) 7T~(ALV1
o{
avOpw1ToL
Jo 4: 2
'31
'/m'iI
M i 4 :3
Pi1:)"
"'P
:1Dn'l:)
I (&VOpW)1TOL (number)
n ]
OV7"0C; ] o(V7"0c;] (construction)
fLOU
J.L<i(JWOL I] fLoOwOLV
{.. .} 11 n
1ToAe/lLv 1 7ToAE/-L~ilvl (const ruction)
Mi S:1
" PS
OALY0070C; (2) ] OAL(y10070C;
Mi s:z
1131
(3) KaLpov
iI'T'"
7"Ege-raL ] (identica l constr uc tion; possibly a comma has to be
nE'V1TpOOO(EV)
Kat
Mi 4:8
3:10
H a 1:15
Ha 2: 1
lOS
aVTou ] ari'Tov
Shared equivalents
Jo 2:S
Jo 2:6
10 4 : 1
F. TRANSLATION TE CHN IQUE AND ORTHOGRAPH Ie PECULIARITIES
Na z:6
iii""
n/nc,n
nK7"0uC11JC;
1[nK7"0u1C11Jc;
ad ded after nK7"0UOT}C;)

1TL]
7"n]
P:JW'
n ,XTJ 1(voca li zation)

7"0 1
xpuo{ov I x[puotov1
/-L{3TJOL )]] (tAO,1
el, I (p rep .)
1TTJAov J 7TTJA(ov1
E/-L1TL7TAa/-LEVo, II v1TL7TAo/-L(evoc;1
n,,.'n
els ]] >
Ha z:16
V'
P"i"i'~
Kail
Ha 2:17
'1:)"/1:)
Na 2:10
:Jilt
Na 3:14
'X:J
O'O/~
Ha 2:S
Ha 2:6
H a 3:13
Ha 3:14
Zp 3:6
,.',::IX!"
0'
vT'X "~/I:)
,s L..]1'TJOLV II ,s'~YTJOLC;
aV70v1 (preposi tion)
ouv..]XOTJ I) ;fL E7"0' (two wo rds)
an/-L{o. ill [an/-Ltac;1
,s"i 11 ,s,' (preposition)
ai/-La-ra 1
,sW/-LOUC; 11qE/-Le),,{ouc; (number)
oOwv ]] (o]Otwv (participle instead of infinitive)
TTapa
'1"0
/-LTJ,sEva
11 !J..1}1 ---
ImapXELv ] [.maplx[el'v (construction)
{.../-LTJ,sEva} ])
civ~ [pa1
F . TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PE C ULIARITIES
106
p!ln)'~
Za 9 : 1
/( 0.;
vnnm
J a/Lu oKoV ]
8vatu
aorou ]]
Ha 1 : 14
, ill >
im:),/::>
Kat
ws
KU'Tcl?TCt'!luL S" aVTov]
.
.
(vocal.)
,
p7TTa
Tn ]]]
S ee further all instances of shared vocaliz ation of the LXX and R (FI3.2).
Tn ]]]
OUK
He 2:4
p"~1"
" O ]]] [Kat]
Ha
'1JN
2 :19
3{Ka<os ] [3,1/(a<o,>
" ]]] >
>"ywv] ~'ywv
I I. Tran slation Technique and Orthographic P eculiarities

I.
I. I
1. 4 R
Hebrew article
H ebrew article: R = LXX has Greek article (34 x
+ 27 x
RECONSTR UCTIO NS (27 x )
In the following instances the article is reconstructed for R ( = LXX), often supported by
calc. of space:
Jo 1:15 C"il, 1:16 C'IWlNil, 2:1 l'iI, 2:2 iIl'iI, 3:7 C'Nil, ij.'::lil, TN~iI', 3:8 C'NiI, 3:10
C"iI"Ni1;Mi 1:1 "l"lWi~i1 (calc. of space), 2:7 iW"i1, 4:6 i1l7"~i1 (calc. of space), iln'lm (calc.
of space), 4:7 i1l7"~iI (calc. of space), i1N"iIlm; Na 3:8 iI::ltV"i1; Ha 1:6 1"1i1i1; Zp J:4 C"li1:Ji1
(calc . of space); 1:5 C'Il7::lWlil, 1:14 " " lil, 1: 16 li1l!~i1 . 1:17 C'N" (calc. of space); Za 1:4
C"N"::llil, 2:4 (1:21) l"lUi pil , 8:19 c,"wm (calc. of space) , 8:23 O'llJ'::l, C"' ,il.
1.2 H ebrew
M i 1:6
Za 3:5
= LXX adds article against MT
Mi 4: 5
clm7/~
M i 4:7
')31"
The most frequent (and expected) equivalence for the Hebrew article is the Greek article: 10
3:7,8 iI~iI::lil\ 3:8 O~nil, 3:9 C"'iI"NiI, 3: 10 2i1l7iil, 4: 5 i"'l7"; Mi 1:4 C"'iilil, 3:5 C"l7l"l~iI, 3: 6
W~WiI, 4:5 C"~l7i1, 4:8 illWNiil iI"W~~iI; Na 2:7l"l'iillil , 3:16 C"~WiI; Ha 1:6 i~iI"Uil, 1: 14
O"iI, 2:5 0"~l7i1, 2:6 iI::li~iI, 2: 19 Yl7", 2:20 yiNiI; Zp 1:2 iI~'NiI, 1:3 C"'~WiI, illJ'NiI, 1:4
O'PlJiI, I: 5 C""nlitzj~illiN', I: 1 5 O'''iI, I: 16 l"l'i~::l iI C'Iil7i1, mil::llil; Za 1:4 C"lWNiil, I: 13
1N"lJiI l"lN, 2:7 '::l'iI, 8: 19 l"llJNilt In all these cases R = LXX .
Also in t he following cases both have the Greek article , though a different one: Jo 3: 10
1 ill7'iI; Na 2:6 1:JOil, 2:7 ":J'Iililt
C7ll1
Mi 5: 3
'ODN
'Y,N
Ne 2:8
:l3;'/1
Na2:10
:lm
Ha 2:5
"'Nv;i/~
lJ'l~fil
Ha 1:11
m,
Ha
K"Y'
TO]] >
" II >
'Y'N
Na 3:8
i'll)1J
I]] >
,-n
6 III >
TOV ]] TOV
o.{w va II alwvos (phrase)
a/(pwv (4) ]] 7TpaTw v
riid
Y'i>l
/( at]
TO]
XPUO'OV J X[pUO{OV]
Ko.OW,> ]
"
:'1 pm
" 11 T[""l
H a 2: 18
,""
" I oa,> ] [7T]>.aqqs

".>'a
Ha 2: 19
l:lK/~
.mO>'d'H/L/LivOl
7TOT'~WV ]] [7T OT{~OVTk'
Kai ]]] >
T
"" ]
MO'f ] (v ocalization)
RECONSTRUCTI ONS (2 X )
2:10
.,0;:)
TO
o.pyvptOV
'Y'N
Mi4:4
Za 1;3
mK:l~
Ze
mN~3
1:4
Za 3:7
Za 8: 20
n'~~
mK:l3
n'N:l~
x)
y1)
Na ;~ : 9
Kat
EWS] [llW5
l5 JJ >
T-ry.;
y-ry.;
1.5 R adds article against MT = LXX (5 x + 5 x
avaytvWGKWV ]] avaynvwaKw v
Mi l:2
TOV 1
o.{wva (p hrase)
Ha 2:15
--- ]] T~V
RECONSTRUCTI ONS (6
I'> ]
ot]
Ha 1:6
17VViJ-a ]
2:2
X )
'1'1'
Na
+6 x
+2
Ha 2 :8
--- ]] TOV
aypov ] d[yp]ov
(2 X
9-3"'] 1 '> ] (vocaIi2ation)
K{o ap,v ]/( {o[a pw]
1.3 R (= MT) omits article of LXX
(IO
~ ]
.maoTa o., ]] >' a/L7T~Vf)
article : R adds to LXX in conformity with MT (2 x )

iT'W/iT
>
NO,
m
{3M.7Twv ]1 [im o]T p'wfv]
~ dpx~ 11 lox v,>
7Tano/(po.TOP05 ]] (TW]V o[UVo.]i+[w v) (phrase)
--- 11 nvv owo./L ["wv]
7TavTo/(paTwp 11 TWV 3vvo/Lwv
7TaIl70KpOTWP ]) TWV oU[VO/Lwv]
7TavToKpoTWP ]] TWV owo.[".wv]
RECONSTRUCTI ONS
N a 2 : 14
Za 1:3
Za 1:3
Za 1:14
Za 2:1
l'11K:l3
mK:l~
n 'N:l~
Z'1'N:l~
n'K~3
(5 x )
7TavTOKpOT(UP 11l [TWV OWO/Lwv]

7TaVTO KpaTWP ]] [TWV o]UVO/Lwv
- _. ]] [TWV alJ]vo.w wv
7TavTo/( po.TWP 11 (TWV ovv]o.[".wv]
7TavToKpoTWP (8) ]]] [TWV owo./LwvJ
]07
108
DISCOVERIES
I~
THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII
F. TRAi'lSLATION TECHNI QU E AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIE S
10 9
1.6 Conclusions
2.4 Conclusions
As a rule, R (more than the LXX) follows MT with regard to the article , like the revision of
a' for which see K . Hyvarinen , Die Obersetz ung von Aquila, Coniectanea Biblica (Lund
1977) 3 1-6. In 34 instances R follows the LXX in this matter (I. I) ; it also adds the article
with MT against the LXX (1.2 [ 2 X ]), and it omits the article with MT against the LXX (1 .3
[2 x + 6 x D. At the same time, it follows the LXX in adding the article against MT in
certain conditions (1.4 [10 x + 2 X J), and it also adds the article against MT = LXX
(5 x + 5 x). (However, the latter evidence involves only one phrase.) Because of these
statistics, the reconstructions recorded in 1. I (27 x ) and 1.3 (6 x ) are relatively reliable.
R follows the LXX in employing the Greek article for the lamed of the Hebrew inf. (2. I
[4 x ]). It even adds the article against the LXX (2.2 [2 X ]), but also omits the article against
the LXX (2.3 [2 x J). Although R is not consistent, there is more evidence for the use of the
article in this construction than for its omission.
3. Construct words
3. I Constmct words.' R = LXX has Greek art. bejore nom. regens (7 x
2.
2. I
Lamed inf. rendered by

J0 3: 1O
'rOV.'
Lamed inf.
R = LXX (4 x +
J0 4:2
n':J/~
M i 5:1
m'i1/~
Mi 5:1
n'I";'/~
2 X )
TOll (2) ]
Mi 4A
'tl
Mi 5:2
mi1'
"1:::1
TO]
aTo,.,.a]
KUp{OV Jl tX[t?]
TOU, (3) ] TO[U,]
~K'iI7"
JopaTiA
elva, ] [d]va,
TOll (2) ]
.lYa, ]
[l]~a,
Mi 5:3
u;ov~
TlNl/:J
Ha 1:8
2.2 L amed
K'1:1/~
inf.; R adds
Ha 3:14
"1/~'Di1f'
Za2=4
nml'
c~
TOU
.'a.A8.,v ]] (170PElJEo8]a,
>
TO )]] [TOU] (diff. case)
ay,y J []aYE'v
E', m
" :;:)K/'
'TOV
against L XX
(4) ]
oogn ]] E7TlJ.pOH
TOll]] >
DV0I-LUTOS' ]
i1'1i1'
Na 3: ,6
':J:;:),:;:)/7:I
c'~;l/i1
~U~{OV ll, t~?
w,
U17P ]]
Ta 11 TOU,
aOTpa II aaTpa,
TOU ] T[OU]
ovpa))ou
(2 X )
--- nTOU
o,avo{gouo, ]] oKo[p7T{a]a,
--- n~I-'a .
(1: 21) ]]
K Cl'
T?7 1
RECONSTRUCTIONS (2 X )
Jo 3=4
x )
In the distinction between groups 3. I and 3.2 no different syntactical conditions have been
recognized, although there are more proper nouns and undetermined nouns among the
nomina recta in 3.2.
TOU ] T[oD]
170,ijaa.
TOU]
VY.'Y ] vyi{v]
mW /'
+1
Ha 1:6
f'K
[TO]U
7To.~aa,
'~n'~/"
Ha 2: 17
E7T! D!1,]
Tel ] Ta
17>"6.TTi ] 17A6.[TTi]
~,
y-iJ,
':JW"
TWV]
i1/:J
aVT~V II
TWV]
KUTOLKOU ....TW V ]] VO tI K]OVVTWV
2.3 Lamed inf. .' R omits

Jo 2:5
Ha 2:1
O':J i1/~
mK'/~
7011
against LXX ( 2 X + I
X )
II >
7TL{3M</Ja, ] E7Tt{3ANa[.]
TOU II >
lo.,v ]lo[.iv]
Za 8 :23
rrllv;l~
EY[av+7
yAwaawv
TOU
C'U/i1
TWV
Wvwv] [E8]vwv
RECONSTRUCT ION (I X )
RECONST RUCTION ( I X )
H a 2:18
. mil717/~
Ha 1:8
III
>
7To,~aa, ] [7T]o.~ a a,
TOU
':JNT/7.)
:liP
2.3.1 Lamed inj.: R = LXX omits (0 x + 2 x )

RECONSTRUCT IONS (2 X )
Jo 2:1
H a 1: 17
17~:J!'
l";'I~
KUTa7TL.EllI
1[K]aTU1TtELV
d7TO KTVVHV ] [a.1T OK TfVVl]1;'
lJ7TEP
TOU, (calc . of space)
AUKOUS
T~' ]]] >

'Apa{3{a, II [Ea7T.lpa,
3. 2 Construct words.' R = L XX omits Greek art. bejo're nom. regens as in MT (9 x + 4 x )

Mi 1: 1
7.)'P
.:V]
~,.,.pa"
cm~
JwaOa,.,.
1~ ,...[;pa L']
III [,wOa,.,.]
1 10
DISCOVERIES IN THE J UDAEAN DESERT VIII

Mi 1:5
mNt)n/~(l
Kai]
Sui
RECONSTRUCTIONS (1 3
m[SI']
Jo 2 :1
aJU1p.,.{av ] [a/-L)ap7'a.
1'I':::J
':IM1ir'
Mi4:8
11::1
M i S:1
'D':IN/:J
."..~
n"'m'l'
M i S:1
''0'/'0
M i 5=3
O':lUl
T/:::J
inil'
'ODM
T1N
M i 5:3
F . TRANSLA T ION TECHNI Q UE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES
p1::1
1/11 'ln
Ha 3: 14
~N'
1fT'El (K) ,'/nEl (Q)
1'1 ::1
Na 2:7
' 1w;1
T1'~
.m 'ill/il
Zp
1 :2
':I"'~
'lD
i1'OiN/ n
Zp 1:3
TOU
''0/'0
EK
K~TOVS
Jo 2:2
Ko,Mas
illi /iT
TOU
"WlN
at )]) >
il'l'l
tivSPES
N, vVT)
K ~ TO VS"
Jo 3:5
M i 1:3
rijs-]
Mi 1:5
a07pam)s ) aO[Tpa7r7js)
'm'O:::J (K) '11'0:1 (Q )
Tn llJ
f'N
V</s'T/
T7jS ))) >
y7js
aou
KE</>alo.as ]] K</>alo.~ V
SuvaoTwv )) du t{x{a)Tw.
--- )1 a ,lTou
Mi
1:5
:Ji'li'
dOf,8na )1 daE,8LU
Ta u ]] >
IaKw,81
1'11'0::1
OVyaTfp ) [Ou1yau p
I.wv ])] a[HW.)
1TlJA.OL ) [llvA] a[,)
7W. )
11070fLW. )
a110 ))) [E11aVw Bv)
11poaW110U ) [11 )poaw7Tou
M i 4:S
"fiI"N O~/:J
M i 5:6
11''''TNW
::lp l1'
Ha 1: 14
'li/"
rijs]
,,7js ] y[7js)
a1TO
C'/,
Zp 1:3
33 C onstruct words: R adds article before nom. regens ( I

1n/:J
(V]
."..~
OPI
]
I,w. ll Oft[w.)
~m >
(4 x )
11poaW110U ] [11 poaw11)';>V
T7js)
y7js]
))) >
al-'apT {a ]]] >

OLKOV
[u</s7])
ili 'iI'
':1"'/'0
>
w;lc
[o,,8v.T)~)
'lD
n'OiN/iT
) [K~Tovh
T7j> )]) >
tIXPl
011Au.. ]))
l itil
'1"'T(')
C'/il
Mi 4:7
KO IMq.
IapaT)1o.
Bvya7T)p 1
I .." . III [aI

w.)
l. (2) ]
X,Io.,a al" ) xl,lo.ula,.)
IovfJa ) [LO] uSa
It (2) ]] a</> '
~I-'~PWV ) ~/-L(EpW.)
aiwvos
v (4) ]
,axu, ) '1a~u~
KUp{OU))
tiKPWV (4) ]] 11
pchw.
RECONSTRU CT IONS
M i4:10
3 .5
rfim >
O LKOU
yijs]
Ha 3: I I
'li'O/:J
x )-See remark in
11 J
2:1 I
l'I::11U1'
1'1:1
X )
":::J:J
Za 3:5
--- II 7<;'
1N1m/'l
i"nil'
Z a 3:6
I N':I'O
IouSa
~v I]] [Ev ovol-'an j
080. ]] [B
]ou
aUTov ]] aVTWV
TO (7) III >
imOIo.HI-'I-'0 II (KaTa)Io.O'7TOV
TaU ]] >
IaKw,8 ) LUKW{)
w>
Ta US )]] >
iX 8va s
T?JS I [,.Jijs
Balo. a. aOT)s ) Balo.a.[aOT) s}
at 1J] >
iXlivs
T7jS
BaM.oOT)S
at (7) ]]] >
KaTO'KOUVTfS II {K}c;tTO'K[ou oa}
liuyaTEpa ) ~[v)ya {7pa)

Ba,8ulo.wvos
.
Ka,\
oIII >
ayylo.o<;
] [a]yyIo.OS
KVP'OU tl.t[P)
oIII
>
a.yy Io.OS ] [a]yyIo. OS
i'11i1'
34 Construct words : R (= MT) omits article before nom. regens (I

Mi 5:3
T1Kl/ :::J
Ka! (4) J
l. ]
717 ]
ootn ]] '7Tapaft
C~
TaU II >
OVOJU1TOS )
iI'i1'
Kupiou
11 t!.p
KVp{OV
Dt['rf71
+ 13 x )
3 .5 Conclusions
As a rule , R leaves out the article before nou ns in the construct state, usually follow in g the
LXX (3.2 [9 x + 4 x ]) , and also once against the LXX (3.4). In other instances R retains the
article of the L X X (3. I [7 x + I x]), and once it adds the article against t h e LXX (3.3). It
thus seems that R would rather leave out the article in this construction in which the
F. TRANS L ATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHI C PECULIAR!T! ES
DI SCOVERI ES IN TH E J UDAEAN DE S ERT V I ! [
11 2
Hebrew has no article, even though at times R follows the LXX in the other direction. This
tendency is not sufficiently clear, so that calc. of space must guide our dec isions. When no
decision is possible, the article is omitted.
4. Pronominal suffix
4. I Pronominal suffix : R = LXX has article before noun, sometimes with different nouns
(23 x + 37 x )
Jo 2:4
1'/~l/1
Kat]
Ta]
KVI-LUra ]
Jo 2:6
'/'DN.,/?
aov ] ao[v]
~ ]) T~V
K<paAri ]] K<pa).riV
JAoov]
1/::l" j1J
anD ]] K
Jo 3:10
CP" /"
080v ] 080[v]
alhov ) [a]~[ TO ii]
a1TO ]
nvv Tij'j"
08wv D [080]V
aVTwv ] arh[w v]
Jo 4: 2
',,-,:1'
Jo 3:8
Mi 1: 6
M i 4:3
M i 5:4
;'1'/'0'/1
l:IiI' /1'\1'\'1M(1
' l'j1'll"' K/:l
Tef! II T?7
a!,-q,I,BAriaTP't' II aa[yrivn]
aUTov ] [auT]ov
H a 2:7
1"/1:T1:",
O( ]
Ha
1/":1::1
I : 16
2:
16
Ha 2: 18
'''-'~
H a 3:9
1!l'IWP
Zp 3:7
C/1'\'~'?1:
Za 3:5
'/'DN'
Z a 3:5
VWN'
Za 3:7
' /::l"f:l
U/~ ' N./:1
Jo 2:2
" /iI"N.
Jo 4=2
'/TI"'~
Kat]
Tel 11 ras
86paTa Dol,Bv[vas ]
aVTwv ] [a)rlTwv
E7T' (5) ]
Tas
M i 1:3
'If"'r'C/"
~JAoWV
E7Tt (6) )] is
~v ] T(~v]
~JAoWV
W"':11/:1
C/m:>l;IiI/:1 (K ) C/.n::l'~iI/:l (Q)
iI'/J:lK
rOJ}
Bov
aUTOv ] (aUTCl]V
Til III Hs]
Y?7
m[yijs]
!'-ov
f.K
TOU
TOUS'
MBovs
aUTr,s
Ta (afte r [77aVTa])
yAv7TTa J
aVTijs ]
Ta (after [77aVTa])
!'-IaBtiJp..aTa ] [j.... aBtiJ]f-LaTa
aUTijs ]
Ta (after [7TavTa])
r8wAa ] [~ 8WA a
aUTr,s ] [a]uTijs
iI'I?'Ctl
Mi 1:7
:1' /lJ1'l~
Mi 1:7
:1'/ :l~1:
vr]7TLa
Mi 2:8
' /"1:
"
M.i 3:5
C:1 r D
TO
C:1'/1'\:1,n
aVTwv ] [arh] wv
Ta, (calc . of space)
pof-Lq,a{as llf-Laxa[{pas]
aUTwv] [auTw]v
J]
is
Ta J
~!,-wv
EV
Til
II TaLS
aUTWJ.I ] a~Tw~
iI'/~"1:
aUTo':; ]
lV
TaLs]
080,s ]
!,-ov]
M i 1:7
E7Tt (6)
7TO pdq. II 7T0 P ta[ I ls

Na 3:10
T~V ]
Kq,aA~v ] K[q,aA]ryv
aVTou
M i 1:6
apIa]
Na 2:6
Kq,aA~v
Tchrov
yijv
Mi 5:5
T~V] THv]
RECON STRUCTI ON'S ( 37 X )
XtiJpav D ,Ba/?[ELs]
M i 5:5
TO ]
7TAaa!,-a ]
avrov ) a~Tou
TO]
Totov ] TO[tOV]
aov
~ ]] Ta (after 7TaVTa )
lmq,vA).'s ]] Em T[ ,.,8d!,-a Ta]
aUTwv
n"
A6yol II AOYOS
!,-ov )
Kat]
Ta]
BJAolAta ]
aVTijs J
~v ]]
E7Tt,BovAo{]] aaAI)OVTlS
aov ]] a
T~ V ] T~V
86tav ]
aov] q(o]v
aUTov
n/d
O l(
Vl'l''':>''I?
1-Ia
Ta ] T[a]
N a 3:12
1'/'~:l"
aVTijs
Ta ] (after [7Ta]vTa)
oxvptiJJAoUTa
aov
Na 3:1 3
,'/"',:1
TOUS ] T[O]';S
!'-OXAovs ] JAooX[Aovs]
aov
Aaos
f-Lov
orofA-a
Mi 4=3
113
DIS C OVERIES l='l THE J UDAEA N DESER T VIII
114
M i4:9
1 /~P"
M i S:I
~'/nN~!:)I'
M i 5:2
" InN
M iSA
1lf~ " N/ :J
~ lD [0]
~OVA-? III [ aUf-L~ouA6s1
H a 2:1
aou]
KaL (2)
a,
(goOo' ]
aUTOU ]
'-JnlP!:)"
aVTwv ]] aVTou
E7T' (5) ]]) [{h"
nl v
1',"0::>/1
TOV
Ha 2:1 S
Ci1Y",P!:)
l '>' YX6v
f-Lou
Ta ]]] [nlV] (calc . of space)
01T1)'>'ala II [o.aX7)fLoa)UV1)v
aUT<OV ] a ~ [TW]V
Zp 1: 4
' /'1'
T~V ]
Zp 1:17
C/!:)'1
Zp 1:1 8
C/tlb~
Z p 1; 18
C/:J:"1T
TO III Hv]
KaTO'K7)T-?PWV ]) [fLa)l;'Opav
, .
Kat
ZalA
C:l'/n:JN/:l
Momi, ] [Mov]Ta[,]
aou ] a[ou)
Na 3:9
i17.)~.17 [ i1I !:)~P1
~
LUXUS" ]
aUTii, ] auH1j,
Na 3:10
jl'/'1:J::>l
Na 3:10
jl'/I;!m
Tel. III [TOlk ]

lvooga ]]] [vo6gou,]
auTii, ] [av)Tii,
0< (after [71avu,))
fLy,aTaV,] I.f-L y,aTa]V,
aVTii, ] aufT]~ [, ]
Na 3: 13
1/7.)P
Na 3:14
l '/"~:J!:)
C:l'f7j'j:J
Za 3:4
lfl':P
Za 3:7
'/.,~"
Jo 2:5
'1U/!:)
1 ' /l':P
Jo 3:8
Ci1'/D:l/:J
Jo 3:9
T".,n/7.)
"Aa6,
oou
TWV III [Ta)
oxupwfLaTwv
aou
V
III [oxupwfLaTa)
~~pa" ] HfLp]a"
Ha 1:7
'!bElW!:)
vnN~/'
up-wv ]
TO
KplfLa] [KPt1fLa
aUTOU ]
VElN
Ha 1:8
"/0'0
M i 4:5
.
0'
' /n"~:lr.l r:J
aUTov ] [au)Tou
V
Tni, ]]]
Ha 1:16
1j!:)'"I'
Ha 2:1
I;!p
' /n.,r.lw!:)
hil
aay1jva" ]] aay1jvJ7
ulhov ]
Til ])J [T ';']
oaYTJvrJ II [d l-'cf>'~A1j]OTP,!,
OUTOV]
T-r
(I2
x)
Jg ]] ~~ vavTlq.,
ocpOaAfLwv ] oq,~aAfLwv
oou ]
v]
XPOLV ] xpaiv
aln-wJ.! ] q..~T~J;'
g ]] a7To
ofYri, ]]] [Ou/loii ]
OU/l oii II [o py}1J s
aUTou I q.[t.hou]
nnn
mroKaTw ] V1!OK a TW
a/l7TAOU ]
aUToii ] aU[Toii]
nnn"
1/nlNn
Ka, l Ka oTDS u1ToKaTw ]]] [Ka t lhTD KclTW] .
aUKii, ] [a]uKii,
aUToil ] o.~HoV
tn!1/:1
i11i1'
KUPLOU
Owu]
Ha 1: ,6
vpl;!n
Ha 2A
Vnl'!:)Nj:J
ovo/-LQ'n
II [~]tl
~~,, ] ~/-4[w ]v
/-4pt8a ]] apTo,
' .
aUTOV
lK
II
77{OT WS ]] n{UTi
H a 3:1 1
P.,:J
l /n 'ln
Ha 3: 13
1/!:)P
H a 3:14
i'/b7:Jj:J
En,
cpuAaKii,
fLOU ]
V1Ell
U'/i1'N
l1TTTOt
H a I:IS
M i 4:4
Kat
TO
AiifLfL a
aUTou
nN
7TaTp, ] [7T an'p),

Uf-Lwv]
Ta, 1]] Hv)
aVOfLla, 1]] [avofLLav]
aou
T~V ] T[a , ]
aUA1jv
[avAa ,]
fLoU
4. 2 Pronominal suffix: R = LXX omits article
TaLS"
H a 1:7
TO
xpualov ] [xp uaLo]v
aUTwv] a.[UTWV]
KaOw, ) Kq.[OW,)
0'
TOUS"
Ha I:S
Hl",
Xipo. ]
fLOU ]
,
TO
al/UI
aUTwv ] [a uTw]v
TO
dpyvptOV
, .
aVTWJ.i
Kat.
aUTOU
Na 2:14
'/nn::m~
TWV (3)
dOACPWV
yii v
UfLWV ]]) [-fLW] V
N a 2: 13
F. TRA NSLA TIO='l T ECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIE S
/lOU ]] aUTov
aOTpa71ii> ] aa(Tpam),]
071 AWv Jll [a,~uV1)']
oou
Aaou ] Aao[ iI]
aOu
v)
Dp6.~Oo"
--. Jl aUTov
(I(o-raofl
115
--DISCOVERIE S IN TH E JUDAEAN DESERT VI I (
116
H a 3:14
Za 9:1
1ftiD (K)
" /MD
1/liMl~
(Q)
IlvvaoT<vv II aT,[x[o]TWV
-- ]] aVTou
8vo,a II KaTa7Ta'![o,>] (voca li zation)
F . TRANSLATIO N TECHNIQUE
Na 2:8
A~D
ORTHOGRAPHIC PEC UL IARITIES
117
~17
V
[E7Ti]
Hv]
--- m
li"1/:J:J~
KapB(o,. ]]] [KaplJ{l1v]
aVTov
aVTW V
Na 2: 14
;"I/:J;:)i
Zp 2:9
'~'liJ
--- 1Jl [Ttl!
7T>.ij86. ll1 [apfLa]
oov 111 [avnj>!
4. 3 Pronominal suffix: R omits article (against LXX) ( 9 x

102:5
I;>~';"I
l {eiiP
Mi4:5
" ji"1~N O~!:J
Mi 5:3
" !i"1'N
Na 2:6
" ji 'iN
Ha
1/7:I,n
1:17
Ha 2:5
'{eiDl
' (eiD]
x)
TOV II >
vaov]
T<,v !l >
ay,6v ] a[y],6v
oov ]
TTJV !l] [EV ov6fLan]
DIlDv ]] [8E lou
aUTO V ]J aVTWV
TOU (4) 11 >
8O~ ]
aVT<vv JD [avToiJl
OL II >
fLEy,onlVE> ]] llvvaaTwv
aVTwv ]] aVTov
T<' II >
afLq,{{3>'T/OTPOV
aUTO,) ]
Ha 2:4
+I
~]]
II
';"1/17'
>.ao':; ]
fLOV 1lfL!o[ii)
4.5 Conclusions
In most instances R retains the article of the LXX before combination s of nouns wi th
pronominal suffixes (4. I [23 x
while it even adds the article against the LXX (44
[2 x + 4 x]). In 9 instances, however, R omits the article under these conditions (4.3), and in
another 1 2 instances it leaves out the article wi th the LXX (4.2). Therefore , in m ost
instances the article is retained in the reconstruction of these constructions (4. I [3 7 x D.
n,
fLaxu,pav
5. Article bef ore proper nouns
>
.pvX..]
fLoV II aUTou
TTJV II >
.pvXTJv ] .pvXTJ[vl
.
TOV II >
. 17T>.lTJO{OV]
aUTOU
Ha 2:15
--- m[TOU!
7T>'T/O{OV
5. I Article before p roper nouns: R = LXX (I
1:17
o/7:lnl;>/,
MiS:1
I;> KiW'/:J
Ka, 1[K]aU]
Tn> II >
oapKa> III 7T[TwfLhHa
aVTwv
RECON STRUCTIO N ( I X )
Zp 2:10
1"1"1'1
O{l'Nl
aVTi
rij> III >
iJ{3PEW>
+3 x )
In the followi ng instances the article is ad ded after the p repositions -~ and -:l (Za 9: I
[reconstructed ] is an excep tion):
aVTOV
Zp
v (2)
Tt;. ]
Iopa1j), ] ,[opaT/>'1
RECONSTRUCT IONS
Za 1:14
O~" /"
Za 1:14
11'3/"11
Za9:1
~M'W'
aUTwv ] aUTc.;')I:'
(3 x )
T~~ (calc. of space)

iEPOUUa).T/fL
Ka ,
7TJv (calc . of space)
l:,wv o'!'[,wv]
TO U
IopaT/>'1
5. 2 A rticle before proper nouns: R omits article of LXX ( 3 x )
4 .4 Pronominal suffi x: R adds article (against L XX) (2 x + 4X )

Ha 1:9
Oil'f])
--- ]1 TOU
-rrpoaW7fOL~ ]] npoaw7Tov
aVTWlJ ]
Ha 3:14
!:!/li~'I;>17
--- II TO
xa>',vou>
aVT('~W
II yavp<aj.<a
RECONSTRUC TIONS
Jo
2:3
' fl;>,p
--- III
q,wvTJ>
fLOV
[nj>]
(4 x )
M i I: 5
:Ji''liJ'2
M i 5:5
i'~l
M i 5:6
:Ji''liJ'
TO,) ]] >
IaKw{31
TOU (6) 11 >
NE{3pwol
TOU (7 ) 11 >
IaKw{3 1,aKwfi
Note that all these are construct combinations. See furth er 5.4 .
5.2.1 R = LXX omits article ( 6 X )
In the following instances the article is omitted after the p repost ions ~:s7 and -~ or in
the construct case.
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT V III
118
Mi 1:1
Mi 4:7
'::)'7.l
fla.atMwv )) flaa,M ws
iI"iI'
10voa)
'il /J
fV]
F. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES

Za 9:1
4:1 0
Zp 1:4
Zp
1:4
L,WV II a.,fwv]
1'1:1
OvyaTfp ) [Ov1yanp
E,wv II o{fLwl'l
iI"iI'
,::)
':J'Iltl"
Zp
(7ft]
l .povaaA,//-,
pitor,)"J
1(0.,)
III h i)
III [frt?1
l(aTa TOV
,,~p{o v
iTliI'I'
TW
[tf.rt?
l(~p;4' n
5.4.3 Article before KupwS' /~: R omits (I
TOU S
o,w\',
1 : 17
iI'iI'I'
Note that in three of these cases the Greek article represents -,.
lo voav ) wv[OQ.V)
1T aVTa~ ] [1TavTjaS"
KUTOLKOUVT ClS' ]
Za 9 :1
txt?
RECONSTRUCTIO NS (2 X )
Zp I :S
T1'~
~~3
II T';'
KVPW,
--- 11 T';'
OpEL )
Mi
mil'"
nEV Lfp[ov aaA,//-,)
Zp
2:1 0
X )
TOV II > (different construction)
...upwv II ~fP-)
iTI:T'
Llal-Q.al(ov)
6. l'lN
5.3 Conclusions
In three instances R omits LXX's article before proper nouns [5.2], in six cases it omits the
article with the LXX (5-2- I), but in other instances it retains the article of the LXX
(1 X + 3 x [5.1]). In accordance with the majori ty rule , the article is omitted also in the
following instances (note that in these cases the conditions for r etaining the articl e [5.1 ] are
not met):
RECONSTRUCTIONS
(3 x )
6. 1 1'1N- Greek article: R
= LXX (7 x + 12 X
Jo 2 : 1
iI:n'l'IN
Tal' )
Jo 3 : 10
Oil' (itol7r,) 1'IN
Ta) ,a
Iwvav)
(pya )
a~Twv ] a ~,[wv)
Mi s:s
Zp 1:4
T'N l'IN
'WN
IJ'Z! l'IN
''It'N/tl
EI( (6) 1) [.. ~)
TOV
> (calc. of sp ace)
Ao aovp)
Na 3:9
tlU)
TiJs ]]] >
Ha
1'11
2 : 17
::1,
Zp I:S
l'IN{'I
o-,nrrrritl/il
]Jl
Za
1: 13
ruc
I N'm/il
q,uyiis II q,ovo (calc. of space)
ill > (calc. of space)
Za 3:7
TOV
Ka t
Tn
In the following cases the article is omitted against the evidence of the LXX:
Mi S:S
TOV (6)
A aaovp
'~3n l'IN
OVOI-LUTQ
ovo~a
Ka<)) >
TOU> ) T[O)US
7TPOOI(UVOVVTas ) 7Tpoa ~(vvOVV)Tas
Tc:;, J T';'
tiyy.'A<p
rr,v ill T[as)
III
/-,ov
In many additional places (16) the non-representation of the art icle before the proper noun
in the LXX is reconstructed also for R:
103:5 [tiVOPES VLVWT,]; 4:2 [ELS OapaLS']; Mi 1:1 [7TEP( aa/-Lapo{as] ; 1:1 [K]at [LEpova]a,hw; 1:5 [OiKOV
wpa1]A]; 1:5 [daE,BLav LaKw,B]; 1:5 [v~1] LOvoa]; 4:8 8vyaT7}p [aHwv]; 4:8 [Tfl (}vyaTp' LEpova]aA.1J/-L; 5: 1
(2)
V x[tAUlaLv LO]voa; 5:2 (3) TO[US' viouS' tapa1]A]; Zp 1 : 1 [,BaaLMwS' LOvoa]; Za 1 :12 7T[OAHS' LOvoa];
2:1 I [EiS' aHWV]; 2 :1 I (7) Q[v}ya[TEpa ,Ba,BvAwvoS']; 8:19 [7'0 o]iKctJ [wvoa).
11 >
11 TO
a~A T/V
Illfla vou
lJ T y~v
avAa,
RECONSTRUCTI ONS (I 2 x )
JO I : 16
m il" l'IN
Mi4:7
;U7~3/i1l'1N
Mi S:S
r'N l'IKn
TOV
I(VPLOV
l) [tX)P
TTJV
aUVTfTp,/-,p.iV,/V
m< (6)
J [l l(nOAL/-,l-'fV1))~
T~V
yi}v)
54 Article before dpwS'/tXf?
Ha 1:6
Ha 2:14
54 1 General practice ( I 8 x )
Since MT does not have an article before ;nit", neither dpwS' of the LXX nor
of R is
preceded by an article: Jo 3:3 4:2; Mi 1:1,34:4,7 5:3(4),3(4); Ha 2:16; Zp 1:3; Za 1:2,3.4
3:5,6,79:1,1. Accordingly ;ni'1~ is normally reconstructed as

without the article.
t!ttl
fl?
5. 4.2 Article before KupwS'/t!ttl.' R (= LXX) has article

Ha
2 : 20
iI'iI'{'I
o Of
I( VPLO>
1] 1(0.1 0
(2 X
txt?
+2
"tll
ToLi)) >
N fl pwo )
C"~/ il nN
TOUS XaAOatOVS
"nJ::) l'IN
T~V
8o~av
mil'
Ha 3:13
lm-ml'lN
Zp 1:4
'KW nN (C~ l'IK)
txt?
I(UPLOU )J
TOUS )]] (To.:;l
XPLOTOVS J1] [xP'aTov)
aov)
TO.
III
[TO)
Dvol-'aTa
X )
Zp 1:13
0 11" nN
T()V
o~vo v
aOTwv]
II
U1)'[6AfL/-,/-,a)
119
120
Za 2:2
iI"i1"
me
"lM~ .MK
Q"~" /'I
Z a 3:7
Til(
mil'
' /Tlir.lW Tilt
Za 3:7
' /TI' :J TIN
ZS 3:I
(19) TOV lovoav

Ka, ]]] >
T OV ["paT/A
--- III [Ka! nlv] pov/aaAT/l"l
--- ID (Tav]
'/'Y} aovv
Tel ]]1 [n)v]
7T pocrro."l'-aTCl II [q,uAa]oni v
/-Lou]
F. TRAN S LATION T E CHNIQU E AND O RTHO G RAP H I C PECULIARITIES

Na 3 :7
"'VIii
Ha 3:10
If'lNi
H a 3:14
Za 1:3
TI:Jj:'l
'I:IN
'N';,
Za 1:4
Za 2:12
TO))
otKOV ]
/-Lou ]
il,,1li
Tl17:Ji!7
Ha 2:1 6
Ha 2 : 18
Z a 9: 2
il1'J:ln
RECONST RUCTION S
As a rule , "N is represented by the G reek article , which is also required by t h e Hebrew
article or pronom inal suffix often foUowing (cf. 1.6 and 4.5).
7. T enses of the verb
7.0 '~i' translated by historic present, when R

Z a 2:12
Z a 3 :7
il::l
i1'JK
n::l
i1'JK
mil'
l'l'M:::I3
LXX
(2 X
+4 x
TaSE I
tr'P
nTWV ou[va/-Lfwv]
X)
T h e same phrase: Mi 3:5; Z a 1:4. 14; 8:20.
Jo 2:4
Jo 2: S
Jo 2: 5
,i :JP
o'TiA80v ] S'TiA[80v]
' l'I' I;)M
EtnQ ]
}0 2:7
Jo 3: 10
Jo 3 : 10
}0 4 :2
M i 4 :9
Na 2: 8
N a 3 : 16
H a 1: 15
H e 2:8
H a 2:18
,::1,
iTi!7l7
'TlI;)'i'
'::IM
iTTI"l
1'I":Jin
;', 17i1
m"ti
V'Cti
no::!
1T1l
' KI,"
10in
'1~ j:'
, ll7Cg7
t-rrq.
chrwal'a , ] 47Tw[aj.LU' ]
M i 4:6
Na 2:7
Na 2: 8
,:Jti
'n:l1';'
, nTlDl
ilTl';!:I1iT
~ iT'il
iT::l'';'
il'::lN
i:J:I1
7.2 't:l j:' translated by future , when R = L X X (3 x )

Mi S:2
il',,"
TEgna, (3) ]
Na ):lo
'"
(Cf. ,IliOi'-[Eoaq,wvolv] in parallel stich.)
Na 3:13
1nTlOl
{3aAovoi
II
{3aAoil[ o,v]
avo,xl1~OOVTa' ] 4vo[I]xI1HoOVTa']
7.2. I I dem , when R differs from LXX ( I

Ha
I :1I
'1 \;'"
X )
/-LfTa{3aAfl] OlEAfVOfTaI
(LXX translates all ve rbs in this verse w ith fut ures, for which cf. v. Io--R is not preserved for other \"orris in this
KaT{3'Y}v]
EAa.A'Y}o 11 Ei.\[&A]'Y}OfV
ve rse .)
7TO{1](JV
]
7.3 '~i'1 translated by futur e, when R = LXX ( 14 X )
7TpoEq,l1aoa I [7Tpo]q,8a[oa]
a7TwAfTo ] a7Tw(Ano]
a7TfKaAvq,I1'Y} ] d7TfK[al~u4>l1h]
E7TA~l1vva, ] 7T
.\H l1vva,]
aVE(]7TUaE ]] a VEa 7TaOEv
EodAwoa, ] Eo[t<)vAwoa,
'yAV.pfV ] ['y
AV.pf]V
aUTo]
7TE7T0,8fV ]
{OWKfV ] [{OW]KfV
Eg~/-LapTOV ] ~[g~/-La]p.T9[~]
WVf{O,oav ] wvn'o,[oav]
wpy{08T) ] [wpy{081'YJ
aK'Y}Koa/-Lfv ] [ah'Y}KOa/-Lfv
7. I. I Idem , when R differs from LXX ( I 3 x

103: 10
Mi l:1
Na):lo
N a 3:13
7TfP lf xvl1'Y} III 7T[fp"xvl1'Y}oav]

/-LO' II /-L f
---]]] [EYEVfTO]
7Topfv oHa, ill [E7TOPfVI1'Y}] (tense)
KaTaq,aYfTa, ]]] [,q,aYfv] (tense)
7Topfta, III [7TapTi .\.l1fv]
(Similarly in LXX: i'I' ::lK-KaTaq,aYfTaI.)
7.1 '~j:' translated by past (usually aorist ) , when R= LXX ( 19 X )
'TlIli"'lll
"TI, ,"
'lnDDN
(5 x )
(Cf. I:I/ITl'---ow[oEL] in parallel stich.)
,\Eyt"1 I
dpw. ]]
7TaJITOKpO.Twp
(4
102:6
Ha): 10
TC10f (8 ) ] [TaSIE
,\EYEl ] AE,,{[I]
RECONST RUCTIONS
1-13 2:18
Ha 3 : 10
Zp 1: 17
Zp 2:10
Z a 1: 2
Z a 8:23
oELAata ]] [TETaAa, l7Twp'Y}K.[v]
7TAT) a/-Lovryv II V f7T At/o(I1'Y}.j
wq,fAft II w.pEATJOfV (tense )
o.pOVTa{ I] fi'O Oa{o.V] (tense)
Of
OlEKo.pa, I] O'ETpT)[oa],
,\EYEL II ft7TfV (tense)
EVfKaAw av Jl EKaAovv (aspect)
a7TEOTaAKE (8 ) ]] a[7TfloT~!,\lv (tense)
/-L f
Eq,POV"'1 oav II [E]q,POV'Y}OfV
'lln~1li
6.2 Conclusions
121
11
.",
M.i 1:6
' TI~i!7/1
Mi 1:6
'Tlili'l/'l
M i ):6
ilK::!,.,
Mi S:3
'r.I:I1fl
Mi S:3
iT17' /' [il:l1' f'l ilK' /' ]
Mi S:4
;"il/1
Mi S:S
,:11,/'1
N a 2:14
'Tl' 17:Jil/1
Kat
KaTa~~aETaL ] KaTa~~aETaL
Kat] Kalil
l1~oo/-La, ] II1Hoo/-La,
Kat]
KaTaa7TCLaw ]
,
Ka,
OVOfTa, ] [O]VOfTai
Kat (4) ]
OT~onai ] [oTHofTa,
Kat (4) ]] >
o.pfTa,]] >
Kat]
1TOLf-LUVEL] 7TO[L]f.LaVEL
+ 5 x)
d1TEaTpEif;av
Mi 1:3
f.7TfOTpEif;av
a7TWOa/-L'Y}v ]] h a[Kwoa]
o''Y}vo{xl1'Y}oav II ~vo{xl1'Y}oav
aVE{3atVf ]] [ ... h
Kat (S) )
EaTai J EO[ Ta.1]
Kat (6)
7To'/-LavovOI II [7TOI/-Lavoil]olV
Kat
EKKavaw ] [EKKa}vaw
DIS C OV E RI ES I N THE J UDAEAN DESERT VIII
122
F . TRANSLATION TECHNIQ U E AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES
Ha 2:7
rr'''iI/'l
leaL]
071 ]
Na 3:15
1/n ":Jn
Zp 1:13
'1101/'
Kat
Ha 1:8
'D'
Zp I: 17
,:Jlm (1
Za 3:7
'nMl(1
Za9 :4
iI:JiI/'l
1TOp~OOV{Ta]t
1TO p UaOY'Ta L ]
Jo 3:9
Mi 3: 6
I [KaTa.pvHvlaovatv
Ka ; ]
Ka' ]
8w (]w ] (8wa]w
Ka' ]
1TaTatn ]1T[aT(itn]
+ 4 x)
(I I X
:'VJ/'l
Kat
iI:J'VJn/'l
a1ToaTpc.pn
Kai I [Klaf
[l maT]p.p(n]
Mi4:3
mn:J/'l
Kai ]
KaTaKo.povat
Mi4:7
"nDu,/'1
Ka,
M i 5:3
M i5 :4
':'VJ"(1
~DPil(1
V1Taptova, (4) ]] Kai maTpa.p~aoVTq.,
Kat (5)
1TEYEpO~aovTa, II 1TEYEPOUI"EV
Na 2:6
l:JiI(1
Ka, ]
Na 3:6
1rnDu,(1
ETO'l"aaOva,
Kat ] [Kali
O~aol"al
O~aol"a {
II
Zp 1: 4
'n':JiI/'1
Za 2:16
,n:(1
II
ETo,~ adt]
JJ O~ aw
Kai ]
.tt1T1TaaOVTa, ] opl"~[aovatv]
Kai ] [K]aU]
Etapw ]] ?[t]oll(~Op.v]aw
Kai (1 2)
a,'pETtE' }) [KIIEltETa,
(4 x )
RECONSTRUCTIONS
M i IA
' 0~1/'1
Kat
M i 4A
' :I~
aaAEVO~aETa ,
Ka i
M i 4:8
illC:::I(1
aVQ1TQVaETaL
JlJ
JlJ
':J"iI(1
[TaK~]ao ~ [ TaL ]
[Ko.O{alovTaL
Ka,
ial\UJO'Tat ]]]
Za 8: 2 (
1('1:'
i)gEt )
n:1'"
"'Dn'
n'Dl1lC
iI'n'
' D'i"
IClmn
1te:J'
Ova )
.pE{aETa , ]
<7T-q aOl'-a, 1 aT..ja[ol-'a,l
H a 3:9
Ha 3: 14
Za 8:23
Z a 9:4
pi':n
"0'
iI:J"l
illJrl,'
pay-quETa' j
aEt u81/ aovTa, ] aEtaO( ~jqovTa,
1TOPWGOI"EOa ] [1TO]I?WG0I-'" Oa
KIITJPovol"~aEt j [ .cAl]povoJI-' ~aEl
aiiTryv I
~ ~ aETa,
{;AEtJO'Ta]L
Mi 1:4
M i 5: 3
Na 2:6
Ha I : IO
Ha 1:17
Ha 2:3
Ha 2:1 6
Ha 3:9
Za 3:7
EI-'7fllTJaO~aETa,
] (1TIITJa]O~aETa'
KaAV.pEt ] [K aAV]f ...
7.4 "~i'! translated by past by R and LXX
+I O x )
Il lPa];n1(]O v[Taj,
' p:n'
TaK~aOVTa,
o"pn'
I"EyallvvO~aTa, (4)
I"Eyall[vvO~) ao vTal
l"Vl]aO~aOVTo. , ]l I'-Vl] a8-qaETat
lvTpv.p~aEt lJ (,vp a{tEt
"'1'
,:J1"
p'"
al-'4>, fjallEI [EK KEv]waE'

Eis KEVOV IJ [IlJ~EvaET a l
l(v Kllw aEV II KV KAW aEl (tense)
:IT:J'
:::I,on
"pn
'D'VJn
]J
VTEVE!> tEY[Ep)~!S
8ta1>vllafn~
</>[vll]atEt~
RECONSTRUCTI ONS (lOX)
Jo
3:9
M i 1:7
Mi 1:7
M i 3:5
M i 4: 6
H a 1:8
Ha2:19
H a 3: 1 I
H a 3:12
Za 2:8
:l'W"
_.- II 1T!
[a]T[pi.pnl
D"U1N
O~aOl"o.L
,:::I'W"
In'
aUVaT
p.p EV ]]) [E1TtaTp.povallv
(tense)
UioOT/ ll] [owa,l (tense)
laoigoflO-' ill [aOpo{aw1
--- Jl] [lAVaOVTall
</>avma[a ll</>w[TtEI1
[7fOp6]aoVTq. [,]
Ko.TagE! ; &.I\[o)~[aEL ..J
KaTO 'Kl]O~aETo., (4) D TI[O~aE!~l
iI~:lrlC
'IC:I'
iI'"
':J"iI'
1I1Ii11
:lwn
--- n
TIl
O~ g[w)
(0
+I
7.6 '='~i''' translated by indo of past or present tense by both R and LXX (5 x )
Jo 2: 4
X )
'i11(1
'l/:::I:lO'
RECONSTRUCTI ON (I X )
W1j:'J1
KU;'
avvEIIEVaOVTa' l]l [II

d] aovTa!
M i 3:5
1~~aET[a,]
civa (J7~aOVTa , ]
7.5.1 Idem, when R differs Jrom LXX ( 9 x
O~aw
J]
( 1T E Ta ] aO~aovTa,
Ha 1:9
Ha 1:16
Ha I : 17
Ha 2:1
Ha2:4
Ha 2:7
Ha 2: 14
Ha 2: 17
aVVKo.pov[a,v]
aE
,'VJD/'I
KaJ.
7fETaa8-qaoVTal )
(]E
Il
GKo-r{a ]] GKO'Taa8[ ~ aETaL]
Ha 1:8
19O1lE8pEvUEt J (lgoll)EOpEvan
ad
KaTa1>VHvaOVatV
7.3.1 Idem, when R differs from LXX
--- ]]] [Kai]

~YE!pav
]ll
[~y {aaav
Kai 7foTal"o{]l [Kai 1TOTal"jo~

I'-d]>
K
VKllwaav ]] 7fEptEKvKl.wa[El v
{.. -~ <l ]] I'- [E]
(All the preceding verbs in the LXX describe past action: 'lll1" nlC'p-<'fjo'l'}aa ... Kai d~KOVa ~ o v; 'l:J'~Wm l1~W1jK ovaa~ ...a7fEppl.pO.t; I"E)
(ef. 'lC'i'1--Kai KlJPvaaovTaS in parallel stich in t he LXX.)
Jo
7 5 '='~i''' translated by indo Jut., when R = LXX ( T9 x )

Jo 2:5
Mi 4:6
Mi 5:2
,,'O'IC
ilDOIC
CflTl'
7fpo(]O~aw
1[1Tpo aW ~ aw
avvatw 1auva[twl
Swa< (3) ] 8w[an ]
..
aU TotJs-
Na 2: 6
Na 3:7
'WP::1IC
'W:J'
12 3
aaOEV-qaoval v J
~TJT~aw
2:6
'l(1111C
1TEP IE XVOTJ
1"0t DI'-E
D'7.)
iJllwp ]] ';80. Ta
EWS J EW ~
''V1JEll
1
c,nn
'1/:::1::10'
.pVX~~ , ]
a fjvaa05 ]
KVKllwa
]] EKvKII,!,[ alv)
I"E
[aa]OE~aovalV
(Tense of 'l,DDIC carr ied over to translation of "1::1:0'.)
III 7T[EptExvOTJaav)
F. TRANSLATION TECHN I QUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIE S
124
Mi 2:7
'::1'0'"
do, Ka>.oi
11
[1jy]~ !Juvav
Mi 2:8
Mi 2 :8
CtJ'r'
f1Du?lm
o.VT OT'I') ]] {o.vdjoT1Jaav
EgiSopav lllt S va[aT]
'l/N"[1
Za 3:2
'tJN~/'1
Za 3:4
,tJN'/'1
Za 3:5
'~'ir'/'1
2a 3:6
'11~[1
KCl'
Za 9: 3
1:111/'1
S'j.t.a pTVpaTO JJ] [l ]!J.apTvpa[T o]

Ko.'
cfJKOOO!J.'I')O II [4> Koo ol!J.7]ov
7.6.1 Idem, when R differs from LXX (J X )

,~.",
OE,t{ ll,[oE,tv]
!J. 0'
Ka, 1 [K ]ai
Et1f ]] (r1TV
Ka, ] [K]a,
fTT ]]
(Cf. "tJl1K'1 in context.)
Ha 3:10
KQ t]
2a 3:1
(Cf. context: '~i1 'W'1'I C '::10.... -,::1, .)
Kai ]]] >
wOwr/oova,
11 [w8{v'l')a]av
(In this con text , R rendered the sequence '~'"' ...1'N" w ith t wo verbs in the aorist and the LXX with two v erbs in
t he future ten se .)
12 5
t
TTf.V
J(4t )
E1Tlo."Kav ] E1Tf!J'I') K( av]
RECONSl'RUCl'lONS (3 X )
7. 7 ""'j.'~ translated after conjunctions or negations by aorist subj. by R

Jo 3:9
Mi 4:3
I(l;I[1
.,::IMl
{"nS7.. .} 1(~{1
l' ''7.)~,
"p
Mi 5:4
'::1(1
Mi 5:5
'::>f1
Na 3:12
1''''
".,'
CK
um'
Kai ] [Ka}i
ou]
!J.1} ]
a1ToAwp.E!Ja ] a1T0>'[W!J.E]8a
Kat]
oilld TL p.1} 11 ou !J.1}

,.,.a8wo, ]] !J.ti8W OLv
K'1::l.'
tn::l.'
.,DO
,,,1'1
,~,
+2
."".
'i"Tn'
Jo
'N'I" (1
3:8
'N""{1
102:4
'lP'~I1{1
10 3 ; 10
N."j'1
J0
~l;I!lI1'/'l
4: 2
H8 1:15
' i'I/tlON'/'l
Jo 1:16
,"::1,../'1
J 0 3: 8
,:::IW'j'1
J03: 10
CMl'j'1
Jo 4 :1
'1l;1 ' "'{1
2 a 9: 3
":::I~1'I{1
I K[at]
+I
[lB[v~!J7]]
x)
Kai]
;!Jvoav ]] Etlvolaoav
Kat ] K~i
a1TfOTp.pav 11 ~1!iaT[p.p h
Kat
!J.(T(VO'l')Ov 11 (7Tap]~>'~!J'I') <, >
Kat]
auvxv!J'I') )) 1}Q[v!J.'I')av]
Kat
l!J'I')oavp,av
]] E{30VV!OV
RECONSTRUCl'lON (I X)
X )
E'TTi>'8n (5) ]] AOn
E1TWJ n (6) II >.9n
T'S
K8'1'fY'9Ta, ill [ExS''I')yhOfJ
1TOP.Jn l} 1TOpV9fJ S
Tito vo, 1] [;>']8wa,v
Za 3:5
7.9
8iJKTI Dl (TpfX)TI
Em>'6.{3wVTa, ] [m>'6.{3w]vTa'
+3 X )
lo{3..j!J7]uav ] [E]o{3~[!J'I')]aav
--- ]]] [Kat]
a1Tipp'.p6.s ]] [a ]1T~pp(L.p6.s
w I p.[]
Kai l
l8V
1[t}S.(v]
Ka t ]
1Tpo01)vtaTo 111![Poa]dtaTo
Kai )
' ..
a~",!yayv ] aV ~y(l[yo']
'i1fu?::I~'[1
Kat ] K[a,]
1Tp,i{3aA OV
aUTO'"
ill (EviSvaav]
""'j.'' ' translated by future by both R and LXX (5
x)
In the following instances , R and the LXX read "~p'l\ sometimes against MT (the
vocalization recorded is that of M T ).
.
I: 10
"::I~11
H a , : 15
~'l'n
Ha 1:1 6
.,v'f!
Kat
aUTOV
Kat
l>'V1T~!J'I')
7. 8 . 1 I dem, when R differs from LXX (5 x
Ha
JO I : I 6
~N "{1
II OaAEv!J[wa,v]
7.8 "~r'lJ translated by past by both R and LXX ( II
Kai]
1Tp,{36.AoVTO ]1T[p,{3
&AOVTO]
Kat ) Kc:<(i]
dVf.fJ6T}oav
iav
oaAw!Jwa,
'0::111'/'1
Jo 4: 1
o7av )] 0.,
lm{3fJ ]
Kai (6 )
OTaV III (on]
lm{3fJ ]
Ha 2: 2
Za 8: 23
{ ...} ]] 1"
Kai (5) ]
7.7 .1 Idem , when R differs from LXX (5 x

M i 5:4
M i 5: 5
Ha J:S
2a 3:7
Za 8: 20
= LXX (5 x
Jo 3: 8
Ha 2:1
2a 1:3
;'1D~~11
:l1u? N0
Kat
(3a>.'
] [f3h~ f
Kai (16) ]
xap~oHa, II xapE'Ta ,
Kat]
!Jv!J.,6.an]
Kat a7TOaKOTTf.UOW ]
Kat
E1TLaTpa~oO!J.a,
7.9. 1 Idem, when R differs from LXX ( 6 x

Ha
I:!O
i1/':l~"11
+I
] [1TLOTpa 107ao!J.a,
X )
Kat
KpaT~an
(lUTO';
]1 OVV>'~!J..p(T[a,]
III (auTo]
-,--:
126
Ha
I: I I
Ha 2:1
, ::lV'/j
Kat
i1::l':!l~nKt!
IllfAnJo'E'T aL
Kat]
lm{3~CJO!1-aL
Ha2:3
n)'1')
H a 2:5
'Pi"/j
H a 2:6
'~K't!
n7Tap[f,xfUCJE'TaL]
]] crrn[Aw CJO!1-0,1
Kai ]
avaTEAfi II Jv.pa ~ df T[OI]
KaL]
fluilEtE'TaL J] Q.llpo,tCJfL]
KaL ] Kq.[i]
l pouulv J] [~p]f i
F. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHtC PECULIARITIES
12 7
8. The verb: simplex and composita
8.1 Simplex in R for compositum in LXX (5 x +

MiS :4
Mi 5:5
N a 2: 7
Za 1:4
Za 3:7
I I X )
l7TAIIYI (5) ]] {AllYl

l 1TD../I'[I (6) II , \I} D
K'::l'
K1::l'
1nntll
OL'1Votxo.,.,uav J] y]vo,xBTJCJav
~V( KaAaav ]] JKaAovv
illa.p IJM.~TI ) Il .p[ IJAIa~< ,
'K'i'
'~W1'1
RECONST RUCTIONS ([ [ X )
RECONSTRU CTI ON (I X )
Ha 2:5
'JOKY!
l1TtCJvva~L
]J]
[CJWcf~L)
7. 10 C ondusions
As a rule, R h as a fixed system of equivalents for the Hebrew tenses which more or less
follows that of the LXX but which at times ad heres t o that system more closely than the
L XX: ~~p = past (7.1 [19 x, 13 x + 5 x J) , and rarely future (7.2 [3 x , IX D, ~~P1 = future
(73 [I4 x , 12 X + 4x]) and once past (7.4 [reconstr.]); ~~P' = indo fut. <7.5 [ I9 X ,
9 x + 10 x]) and rarely indo of a past tense (7 .6 [5 x
but also aor. subj. after conjunctions
(7.7 [S x , 5 x + 2 x]; ~~P'1 is r endered mainly by past tenses (7.8 [1 I x + 3 x ,5 x + I x]) ,
and less frequently by the future t ense (7.9 [5 x , 6 x + 1 X ]), t he latter on the basis of a
different vocalizat ion (~~P'1). For Aquila's system of equivalents fo r the verbal tenses, see
Hyvarinen, op. cit., 62- 8. .
n,
'l'~K'(I
M i4:8
i1K::l(l
N a 2:5
N a 3: 1 3
Na 3: 14
N a 3:IS
Ha 1:6
Ha2 :5
'':!l~''
Ita ,
S ee further Za 9:5.
7.I
Jo 3:5
Ka.t
VE'rrtaTEVaaV
dCJEAflJCJTat J]J [lAEVCJTOIt
8ta.TpEXovCJal ]J] [llpOfLovv]'TaL
KaTo.pCY'Tat
[{.paYEv] (calc. of space)
KaTaKpaTTJCJov ]J] [KpaTTJCJov]
Ka'Ta.paYfTa' CJE
[.paYETa' CJE] (2 x ) (calc . of space)
l~EYf'PW III [ly dpw]
m
m
i1?::lK
'i"~ni1
l /I;!:lM
CI'i'~
Kat
'10K'(I
Ha 2:14
Z a 3:6
K?~1'1
'V'(I
Za 8: 21
,:lI;!i1(1
l7T tCJvva~< ]1] [uvv&.~Et]

;K1TATJCJII~CJ'Tat
11TATJ CJ1II~CJTat
Kat
8tffLapTvpaTO J]] [i]!1-apTvpa[ TO]
Ka.t
CJVVAEVCJOV'Tat J]] [lAfV]CJOVTa! (calc. ot space)
8.2 Compositum in R for simplex of LXX

Jo 2: 4
{... }
'l/::l::lO'
Na 2:8
n)Dn~
ill [17 {alrua~[v]
I(Q.~
(2 X
+I
X )
!1- E )] >
l KvKAwCJav lJ 1TfPLEKVKAWO[f1v
{ .. -fLE} II fL[E]
.pIlEyy6!1-fvat I] Q.1To.p llfyr[o]fLv[wv)
The use of 'verbs with neuter plural nouns
The classical rule that the n euter plural noun governs a verb in the singular is followed by R
in two instances:
Ha 1:9
" /I;!;:,
CJvvT(AE ta )) [7T]avTa
fi, aCJf{3Eis II fi, dlllK,av
1i~t
Ha 2:6
K1::l'
i1"N
o~n/"
RECONST RUCTION ( I X )
N a 3: 15
"':l~ni1
Jo 3: 8
,::lW'(I
,::lW
A~fL.povmL
A~.p' [T aL)
J o 3: 10
M i4:3
In one case this rule is ab an doned, as often in the LXX:
Ha 1:11
'::llr'f1
Za 1:4
' ::l1W
'Nirr
M i 1:4
'O~l(l
J]
Kat
CJa.Av II~CJEmt
CI""1i1
D[TaK~ICJo~[ TatI
Jo 2:6
'l(lEltll(
C'~
'n1'1~/'1
.,.d OpTJ ]
In the following doubtful case, calc. of space have guid ed our d ecision:
1TEPLExvIITJ lJ) 1T[EptExvIITJCJav]
fLOt J] fLE
iJ8wp J] .!i8aTa
In three cases, it should b e observed, t he specific fonn of R follows the Hebrew.
ill {Kam{3apvv)/ITJTt
(for reco n st r. see context)
8.3 Different preverbs 5 x +I X )
TO-UTa. ] TaVra
1TaVTa J1Tcfv{TQ]
0/";:,
KaL III >
{3apvvll~C1Y/
Keli ] Kq.?
Q.1TCJTpf.pav ~,!C1T [Pf.plf~
Q.1TCJTpf.pav II 1TCJTp.pav
Kai]
Ka Ta,..o.pOVCJt I] CJVVKO.pOV[ mv]
Kat
8tEAEVCJETat Il 1Tap[fAEVCJTat]
Q.1TOCJTpf.paTfi II (lhf[CJTp.paTE)
RECONST ROCTION (I X )
Ka ,
Q.1TOCJTpE.pL )) [l1TLCJT)p .p[L)
(Note t hat this as well as three of the afo remen tione d cases refer to the re n'de ring of ::l'W by l7TtCJTP.pW. fo r furthe r
recon structio ns of :nw as
1TLcrrp.pW, see M i 1:7; 2:8; Za 1:3)
Jo 3:9
::lW,.,
8-4 Same preverb, difJerent verb (and number ) ( 4 x )

l~8tpav II ~E8vCJ[aT1
POWEll1
Mi 2:8
H a 3:1 3
n,,
Ha 3: 14
T'I::li'l
l~~yftpa, J] ['~EI~v4'qq.[,]
IltlKo.pa, )) 8LfTPTJ[CJa]s
128
ZpI A
'",:Jil/'l
Kat I [J(la[i]
ifapw II ~[f)ol.[ 8pl))aw
F. TRANSLATION TECHN I QUE AND ORTHOGR A PHIC PECULIARITIES

Za 9: 3
.,::13"/'1
8.5 C onclusions
Kat]
i8'7aaVpLaEv
II
i{30VVLaEV
RECONSTRUC TIONS (4 X )
R adheres to a system of fixed equivalents (see I I) in which there is less room for composita
than in the LXX. Hence, such verbs as N:l, :l' Wand N'P are preferably rendered by simplex
forms rather than by compounds. As a consequence, R has a certain preference for the
simplex form s of the verb: 8. I (5 x + II x) compared with 8.2 ( 2 x + 1 X ). When space
allows , this tendency is followed in the reconstruction.
Na 2:5
Na 3:14
Ha 2:3
Za 3:5
In an attempt to underst and R's translation technjque, we list here all words of the LXX
which have been replaced by 'synonym ous ' parts of speech in R . The notion of synon ymity
should not be taken in the same sense as in the study of lit erature. Rather, the use of the term
he re implies that on a translational level the old and n ew translation options are
synonymous, while the words themselves need not be . T his category should be viewed
together with section 1 0 which records th e revision al efforts of R. In a way, such revisional
wo rk may be refl ected in this category as well , so that R's revisional activi ty can be
considered as more exten sive than indicated the re . First, there are cases in which R replaced
a word with a seemingly synonymous w ord, b ut to him the new word seemed actually more
appropriate than the old one. Second , there are also listed he re instances of changes made
for th e sake of consistency such as t he replacement of (hall and ihon with OTt (Hebrew "~).
L ikewise, in such a case as Na 2:6 "i1~" was probably rende red with 'raxvvw rather than
a7n:v8w (L X X) because of the frequent rendering of the adjective 'iJ~ with TaXv.,. A noun
like ~:l 'li1 in Na 2 :7 was probably rendered with vaoS" rather than {3au{AELQ (LXX) because the
stem of the latter may have been reserved for the root 1~~.
'M:::I
;'1:ln
'il~:::I'~/'l
IlLaTpixovaa L )11 [opal-'OVV)TaL
"l-'fJ'7 6L TIl [i ).8i)
V1T 0I'ELVOV )]] [1T po alllxov]
Ka,) K[at)
1TEpdfJal.ov ]]] r;vlou aav)
, ,
aVTOV
9. 1.2 Synonymous verbs-difJerent form (4 x )

M i 4 :7
9. S ynonymous parts of speech
'!:c3'l"
'n~w/'l
Kat
II
8~aOl-' aL
Na 3:6
,r"~w/'l
8~aw
Kal) [Ka),
8~aol-'a {
II
8~aw
aE
Za 2: 12
'l/"'W
a1TaTal.I< (8)
II
a[1TE1'!T~~Mv
I-'E
Za 3:7
1'"
9. 2 Synonymous nouns and adjectives (33 x
Jo 3:9
lIDK
Mi 2:8
"K
Mi4:3
O il~/n:::l"M
II
1Topd!'!!
1TOpEV6i1S
+9 x )
8vI-'OV ]] IdpyHs
a1hou ] q[VT OV]
-rryv)l) >
1l0Po.v
aUTOU
II [,7p,,8j61.a wv
11 >
Tas
;'ol-'</>atas I-'a xa [{pas)
aVTWV) [avT w )v
Mi 4:3
Oil'/11" 'lMI'I
Kat 1
Tn nTas
II
oopaTa
Mi 5:3
PKl/::I
a,,Bv[vas)
aVTWV ] [a]VTWV
Ka t (4) )
lv]
9. 1 S ynonymous verbs
9. 1.1
Different verbs (s iems ) ( I 3 x
Til)
+4 x )
10 ' : , 6
' "::IT"/'1
Ka, I
Ef)vaav ]) i6va{aaav
1 0 3:4
N'1::1/"
70U
103:9
10 3: 10
Na 2:6
Na 2: 7
Ha I: 10
Ha 1: 10
Ha 1: [ 5
On1/'1
c m'/'1
" il~'
l'~l
0"1''
1'1 /'''''''1'1
'il/'l'
ElaEI.8ELv )] [7t op1)w8)aL
Ell)) [Ka,)
iJTaVO~aH )) 7!ap'[aKI.'76~aTa)L
,
Ka.'
I-'ETVO'7aEV ]] [1TapJ ~~I.~8'7 < L>
O"7TE"VOOVOlV ]]
TaxvvOVatv
Ild1TWE ]] [iaa])' 1)8'7
iVTpvnjaH II [iV)1TU{fH
II
avvl.~I-',pT[aL)
a.lTov 111 [a th o)
Ka, )
Eil.Kvan f avpEv
~DK
Mi 5:6
Na 2:6
::IW
T'/"'K
N a 2:7
Z'I'''MV;i
~:::>~1'111'1/'1
,.,T
Za 8:20
'M~'
""::1/'1
I-'EyLaTii" ES )) ovvaaTWV
aVTWV a VTOV
Kat)
Na 2:8
:l!:Cil/'1
II 0
fJaa{I.Ha
Kal)
II
va[ 0,)
Na 2:8
i1~Il'\i1~K/'1
Na 2:13
,'/m1:)/'I
V1TO (JTa (J'S II I.al-' 1T~V'7
Ka, )
ai)
OovI.a, II dfJpal
aVT~s )
IlLaaKop1T{aaVTa (I : 19)
Ka, (12)
a'pETLL II [h l.ElfETaL
1}fovaL )1 [,,)')8waLv
0' II >
TO.
KaL
TO
aUTOV
Za 2:2
Za 2:16
oaf!} D l1Tl1.p aEL
aKpwv (4) )) 1TEpaTwv
Tel (7) ]]] >
V1T ol.Hl-'l-'a )J [Ka Ta)I.OL1TOv
aypwaTLv (7) II Xa[pTOV)
~ )
Kat
KpaT~aH
Mi 5:3
Mi 5:6
)J I. LKI-'~[aaVTa)
III Hv)
KaTOLK'7T~pLOV
II
[I-'a)vopav
aUTOL)
Na 3:10
i1"ll"
ls )
fLTOLKf.o[av ]]
a7TOt[KLav]
12 9
13 0
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIJI

Na 3:15
Na 3:16
it:::l.,K/:I
,:,S-]
':::I:I,:I/T.I
(3p0Vx05 J) aKp{s
im~p ]] ,:"
Ha 1:7
Ha 1:10
Ha 2: 17
Ha 2: 17
C'N
pnw
ocn
ocn"
Ha 2: 19
Ha 2: 19
Ha 2:19
~ElJ'l
:::IitT
1')0:::1"
H a 3:9
H a 3: 12
J'I 'OC
DS1T/:::I
H a 3: 14
Zp 1: 15
"J'lOC/:::l
itP'~C"
'T a nTO US
lJ.crrpo. ]J acrr'pa, (form only)

r/>o{3po , DlJa,..{Jo~
7Ta {y~La
aalfJEla
Dy['Aw, ]
n&8tK{a
Ko.&. ] Ka;
a.G~fJE'Q ~
II &.8uctav
Aaa/Ul D(]aay,..o,ov
)(pvo,ou )] xpv[ao]uv
Kat
apyvpLOV ]] [apyv]pouv
aK-r,7TTpo. pa{3~[o) ~~
lv]
a7TlA1i ]] E,..(f3p'!L1)a,]
Aa8pf!. ]] Kp tx/>fJ
Ka.i
avaYK1), D[OT]HOXWP.{<,t5
Zp 1:1 5
Zp 1: 15
itNW
it"ElK"
Zp 1:15
"D.,S1"
Ka!]
yv6r/>o v ]] aKoT,a,
Ka, ) [ICa],
Zp 1:16
Zp 2:9
'DlW
o"'[XAT}S ]) [yJ~6r/>ov
aaAmyyo s ]) [KHp]anlV1Jsj (cf. Barth. 60-63)
'J'I'"
awp{a, ]] Qnop{o.,
Ko.; ]
oi] [o]i
Ka'TaAo<7To,
Za 9:3
J'I'~n
nEm'i\o,['lTo ,)
oil",,>, ]) it61lwv
RECONSTRUCTI ONS
(9 x )
For all these, see notes on the reconstruction.

Jo 3:9
p.,n/c
Mi 1:2
':::I'it/~
Mi 4:3
M i4 :9
:::I.,M
1/~S11'
it a7To
opy-r,s ill (IJVJ.Lov]
it ill (EK]
OiKOV ]]] (vaov]
pOJ.LrJ;a(a>' ]) /,L[axa ,pav]
F . TRANSLATION TECHN I QUE Al\;D ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES
and the local 1~ once with -Otv: p'n'~--rrWpp'[WOEV] (Ha 1:8 [LXX: fLaKPOOEV]). In the
reconstruction of this preposition the LXX is usually followed.
-:l- Quite consistently rendered by R with EV (27 x ), but also with Eis (5 x ), 3 instances of
which follow the LXX 00 3:4; Na 3: 14; Za 9:4 [reconstructed, but secured by the next
word]) and two instances of which replace hrt of the LXX (Mi 5:S[6],5[6]), with En{ (Mi
5:4[5] and Na 3: 10 [reconstructed, but secured by the next word]), both of which follow the
LXX and twice wi t h 8,0. ( = LXX, Mi I:S,5).
-" - For the lamed of the info see F2. The preposition is rendered by both the LXX and R
with Eis (12 X ), with the dative of nouns (4 X) or pronouns (6 x ). Once R replaces En{ of the
L XX with el[s] (Ha I :6), and once the dative of the pronoun in the LXX with Eie; (Za 2:9[S]).
1::1" is rendered by 8,0. TOVTO by both the LXX and R (3 x ).
-::I- R usually follows the LXX in its translation of we; (9 x ) or KaOws (2 x ), but once KaOws
of the LXX is replaced with w[~] (Na 2:8), while the reverse change takes place in Ha 3: 14
(MT: '7.)::1).
"::I-Usually R changes SLon of the LXX to OTt (Mi 1:3,7; 4:4; 5:3[4]; Ha 1:5 ,6,16;
2:3,8,17; Zp 2:10; Za 9:1), in three cases, oTav to OTt (Mi S:4[5],4[5 ],5[6]), and in fou r
instances retains OTt of the LXX 003: 10; Mi 4: 5; Ha 2: 18,18). In the following instances O'rL
is reconstructed for S'OTt of the LXX: Jo 4:2; Ha 2:3; Za 2: 10[6], 12[8], I 7[1 3]; 8:23; 9: 2 and
in M i S:S[6] for OTav.
'Tl7- Always EWe; + gen.: Jo 2:6; Mi 1:7; 4 :7; 5:3 [4]; Ha 3:13, as in the LXX (except for Mi
I :7). It is reconstructed likewise in Mi 4:3,8; 5:2[3]; Zp 2:9; Za 8:20.
Mi 1:8
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
1:8
1: 15
1:16
2:19
Za 2:9
'S1
J'l NT
r,n,/T.I
1:1 "S1
1:1 'S1
P" ' /:I
Ha 2: 15
Ha 2:17
Ha 3: II
.,il
1m'lM
Zp 1:17
c/r.m"f1
m~il:::l
EVEKEV
JJ S,a
'TOUTOV 1T[OUT]O (cf. Barth . 84-85)
",aKp6(lEv ]] 7Twpp.[w8E>']
EVEKH TOUTOU (16) ]] Sui TOUTO (cf. Barth. 84-85)
VfK ~1J
rN
TOVT OV
not-a
TO U T D
OUK II ou ""~1
arlV I i [a]nv
aUTfJ (5 ) JJ ds [avT1)vl
ill"
>i ill [01

(3ovA1) ]]) [av",,BovA6,]
aov]
N a 3: 15
10.
Approximations to the Hebrew text/language
,:"
aKpts ill (f3pouxosl

clJ
[ova,)
8."pLWV ]]) [KTT}V""V]
o7TAwv ]]] [a,,Bvv.,,s]
aov
Ka, I [K]aU]
TIl, D >
aupKa, ]1] 7T[Tltl",l<:t!T]a
In this category we record renderings of R which presumably reflect approximations to the

H ebrew t ext.
It is important to keep in mind here the caveat mentioned in the preface tha t the analysis
of R's techniques is based on the assumption that R had before him the text of the LXX as
reconstructed in Ziegler's edition. Furthermore, one should remember t hat the recognition
of an approximation to the Hebrew text is subjective .
aUTwv
93 Synonymous prepositions, conjunctions and particles ( see also FIO.2 )

1~, -~-R
131
is not consistent in the rendering of this preposition. Usually it follows the LXX
in the choice of either EK (S X) or ano (6 x ), 8to. (Ha 2: 17), Kadva[vTt] (for ",~~ [Mi 2:8]) and
amfvavTt (C'TV~ (J 04: sD-textual differences between MT and R = LXX are excluded from
this list. At the same time, R replaces a7TO ofthe LXX with EK 00 3:8) and 19 ofthe LXX wit h
an6 (10 3:9; Mi 5: 1[2]). In addi tion, R rendered the comparative 1~ once w ith V7T[p]
(Na 3:8),
10. I Lex. meaning of the Hebr. : adjectives, nouns, verbs ( 43 x + r5 x )

Jo 1:14
N'j:'l
S'KaLOV II a8C;>[o,1 (righteo us]] guiltless)
102:6
~:::In
Ilv I] 7TEptEaX[]v (R reflects d ifferent readi ng: ti:::ln)
lFt'it
Jo 3:8
EKa(]TO, Dd[v~pl (also M i 4:4; see Barth . 48- 54)
,n'"
Jo 4 : 1
V~
Mi 1:2
ilfN~C"
Mi 1:4
,pj':::In' (will bu rst open )
Kat)
avvExu8." ]] Q[u"'T}aEv]
KQ& 7TavTES ot ]] Kat TO 7T[A~]p'WJ.La
iv ]] >
aU'Tn 1] a [~TT,sl (and all on it ]] and its fuln ess)
TaKaoVTat ]] [paJyaov[Ta]' (will mel t )] will be broken)
F . TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES
DISCOVERIES IN TH E J U DAEAN DESERT VIII
13 2
Mi 1:6
Mi 4:4
Mi 4:4
"') /"
EtS-
II1'N
xao, II ,pa.po.yya (a b yss ]] ravine)

KaUTO,
)] av~p
7TavToKpa.TOPO, II [n;';I" S[vva.}",[wvl (A lmigh t y
--- II
mN ::I~
Zp 3:6
T~V
'T\'iI
M i 5 :4
'l'lT\l~'N/ ::I
Mi 5: 4
Na 2:6
'~'Ol
J.l
1~O/il
Na 2:9
i1l)~
Na 3 :8
'::Io'nm
N a 3:8
I<l/~
13
III
---?II",~
ETol/-,-aua, II aya(luvEt,
/-,-plSa II U7T[.'P vwl ( LXX : root
A/-,-wv
rij, ))) >
H a 1:8
'''j:'/'I
,puyTj,
Kail
Ha 1:8
'W/'I
ill~)
II ,uxu,
II ,povS
n~''Ti'
.,"n
1""
il ::l~T\N
Egl7T7TCluovm, II Dp/-,-~[uouu'vl
Eg Evanla, D Kavuwv (differen t etymology)
/-,-Ta{Jat..,
II S' EAEvuETal
a!-,-</>,pat..' II [KKV
]WUl
(w ill throw around]) will empty)
Kai
'7Tlp~uo/-,-a,
II
uT?7[Awuo",a,] (I will mount on II [ will stand like a
UT~X'l; cf. Barth. 59-60)
H a 2:3
Ha 2:3
Ha 2:5
H a 2:6
H a 2:7
Kat
il~il~T\'
avanAE' II Ev,pav~uET[a'l (w ill rise II will appear)

uunp~a:/ ]] uTpaYlYEUUl)TOlI (will b e late II will ta rry)
~'O::l1'
Kat I
lUSEgTa,
II a(lpo,lul1 (will a dmit ]] w ill assemble)
unpapw, II 7Ta.XO, 7T1)A91; (take n by R as two word s: 0'0 ::111)
TrTl1 T~
oil
(7T'PO Vt..Olll uaAEvovTE, (advisers 11 those w ho shake)
uov ]1 UE
Ha 2:15
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
2:20
T12
3:1 3
3:14
Cil'/" :P~
on
~ 'T T1
n,o
" /0 '01::1
Ta ])] Hv]
U'TT~Aa,a II [aux1)/-,-oulvYl)v (cave rns II privy parts)
aUTwv ] av[-rwlv (different etymology)
UAaplu(lw
II U'W7T1)UOV (be cautious)) be quiet)
KaTagl,
II aA[ol~[ul>l (will break II will thresh)
S,o.", o.>./-,-a II OEt..E (trans Ii teTation )
EV I
EKOTaUl
II papSo"
(stretching ou t II staffs)
--- II aUTou
Ha 3:14
H a 3: 14
' /T')
(K) " IT') (Q)
C/T\~"
SvvauTwv ]1 anl!x,uITWV (leaders

--- II aUTou
_. - II
II
unwalled ones; d. Za 2:8)
Zp 1:4
l'I~"
'JON
I')ON
'T1':lil/'l
avauTp~4>o"'Evov,
illn
8ui TOUTO
clothing)
Mi 1:2
"nIl"
M i 1:7
M i 3:5
nflT (t w ice)
Wi'Tj:'/'I
M i 4 :4
,::I'D"j'l
Mi 4:5
"m"K CII1/::1
Mi4:6
Mi4:9
n~::Ij:'K
'~P'I'
Na 2:14
Na 3 :14
Ha 1:7
n1K::13
'::IKII1
K" l/'l
Ha 2:2
Ha 3:9
Za 2:12
Za2:17
Za 2: 17
T!"
E7TEp,paua, II vEn,[vE,1
ht..l",l II [uvlvaywyii
ht..l7TETW II uvv[ay"'I'(diffe re nt etymology)
Kai I [Kla[tl
,gapw II ~[gloA[(lpvlow
niSou
10.2
II (V1]'[Ep')7T[aTouvTa,1 ( see n ote on reconstruc tion)
x)
i s)
/-,-apTvpwv lll,..a.PTl'IPaI
7Topvda, III ['TTopYl),1
--- III [Katl
T;ylpav
1lJ [~y{a uavI
Kat
aVa7TaVUm,
III [Ka(l,ulovm,
~v ])] [EV ovo",a n )
080v )] [8]ou
nthou II aVTWV
EluSEgo/-,-a, ill [a(lpoluwl
~ ill [131
(Jo v>.tj ]]] [aV/-'-{JovAo, I
uov )
7TavTOKpaTwp ])] (TWV Svva/-,-Ewvl
E7T{U'TTaUa,
[V'SpEvual'
Kat
(7TL.aV"fJ, ill ["'OPEpO,] ( L XX: etymology ilN')

S, wK l1 IJJ [Tpixln
J1J [uEAE]
n"o
S";,,,a>'1-'0
n1K::I~
7TavToKpa.TWP (8) )]] [TWV Svvo./-,-Ewvl
Oil
EUAapElu8w 1lJ [ULW7T1)uovl
fK I
--- ill [Toul
p~~
v,pAwv
J1J
[K I1TO'K1)Tl)PlDV)
Lex. meaning of the Hebr.: prepositions and particles (9 x + I 4 X ) (see also F9.3)
Ql--Kat of
the LXX is replaced by Kat ye (see Barth. 3 1-47) in the following instances: Na
3:10,10,11,11; Ha 2:16 (reconstructed : Zp 1: 18, 18). Ka{ of the LXX for t:m of MT is
replaced b y Kat ye in Za 3:7,7; 9:2. For the space between Kat and ye, see Z a 9:2.
Jo 3:9
CMl/'l
~i
ill [Ka t]
/-,-T aV O~UEL
Mi 1:7
'1/'1
Mi 4:7
'11'/'1
H a 2:4
H a 2 :6
Ha2:7
H a 2:17
illil
""
H a 2:19
il/::I
V::I' j:'/::I
tn" /il
'::I'D"
II
'I!ap'[aKA1)(I~uTal'
Kat ]
(K II w,
Kai w,
l, I [Kai i']w,
'TO)) alwva ] 'TOU alwlJo~
(av II lS[ovl
{ ... Ta} oVTa aOTov ]] aVTcp
on II ouXi
n;)v I
KUTOLKOVVTWV ) ]
TO
xaA,vou, II yavp{a/-,-a (bridles II exultation)
aVTwv]
Ha 3: IS
Zp 1:2
C'~"il~
n)'/'I
Pj:" /'
Z a 3:7
Za9: 4
(LXX poss.: O"D)
EgaAouvm, II KOV,p[OTEpO,1 (will leap out II are lighter)
Kai
Tmi:"n~
RECONSTRUCTIONS (15
princes)
E7TlPM7TW V II [E7TluITpE,pW[vl
apx~
1:9
1:11
1: 17
2:1
1\111 ])
>
, 'n
O,)
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
anOVTO, (bites; etymo logy
Za 3:4
Ii"TTa.PXm
[li"TTaplx("]'v
{.. ./-,-"7Sva}
)] av~(pa]
7TOS~ P1) ]) ,..n[KSv/-,-a]rq. (ro be that fa lls ove r t he feet]] c hanges of
(of hosts; also Z a
Ta, Jl Ho
7Tpo,pvAaKa, II E7TlKaAv/-,-/-,-a (guards ]1 co ver )
aun;)v II >
p~ N
N a 3 :8
Na 3 :9
JJ
--
a'TTwua/-,-1)v II h a.[Kwual (I t h rust away]) I di d wic kedly)

('TTi (5) I
T~V II Ta,
xwpav II papEtS'1 (territory ]) large bu ildings)
~/-'-C;)V
S~y",aTa (5)
'TTapa.
TO
,..",8EVO I] u..~]
1: 3.4. 14; 3:7; 8 :20)
M i 4 :6
'D"K '''::I/~
133
ath'~v
vot( K ]OUV'TWV
nEV [atiT]~
v ]
--- II I+EUCP
aVTtjJ
Zp 1:6
"nK/~
a7To
naVTou
II [a'TTol 07Tlu(I[v]
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VI II
134
J04:2
Mi 3:5
M i 4: 3
?P
,
MiS:6
i""'
,;,IK
Na2:8
Na 3 : IZ
Na 3:12
K?
?:;
?
OP
C"1:l:::l
{... }
Na 3:1 3
H a 1:6
1/:::I'i'/:::I
nU:Jw
K?
RECONSTRUCTIONS (9 X)
ill [E 1Tt]
E., DJ [( 11i]
&
lws; Ids ] (lw.]

",aKpciv ] [p.a]Kpciv
011WS (7) ]]J [0.]
"'~ ill [OUK)
& ill [li1Ti]
d, ill ((1Tt]
{.. -lxollaat} )]] [awl
aKOTrO", ill a K OTr[O~]
lxo lIua Ill >
oiv ] [oi]v
[p.a<p]
aOl ]]] [aou]
aK'7vdJ",(uci
pMW
V?
a.VTO U [Qtirqi]
Ha 2: 1
Ha 2:19
Zp 1: 5
?
mi1
injl"/?
Zp 3:6
rKfI:)
TOUTO )]] (toou]
KaTa. TOU
[rcjJ]
Kllp{OIi ill
"'1]8 ill [S ta TOU ",iJ Etvat]
oiv
m[h,]
z :7
3:7
':::1'0"
3: 10
':::I'IIi/:::I
,'!W,f:Jj1
Ka,
--- m[ot]
D[{17]'! ... ,
-'/:: 1
al7E Kp{(}"I ]
1TpOS I'-" ]] f-LOI
[Kavo, [0 LKav01T1]T[,j (sufficient
IK'lil
Kai ll
"l/~'f:JjI/?
Zp 3:6
Za 1:4
:::IlI'i'1'
Cil'/?K
'::231
WI?
?:::Ilrl
jl/:::I
--- m[os]
X"'poTroa'l" ]]] (0 XEtPOTroo.,]
( 071V ill [auTos;]
[f... lKo.1I0T1}'T i]
1Tollci ID [KEvov]
170pEla ,
[l7ap1)'\8EV]
TOU awoa, ]]J [.." aWT1]ptav]
--- m
om >
m>
TO"
OplO',
av.,.1),
ill [op {~EtJ
n[au}n)v
07t
,mj1
C'I:)
J] in
sufficiency)
>
/:J"j7}
':::IW"
j1
MiS:2
,:::1""
,,;nK
Na2:6
, :Jl"
"/'1"K
</>av-raa{a D</>W[nE Y (appearance ]] wi.ll give light)

l'\aaf-La II C1waY/Lvov (metal p late ]] packed; abstract noun vers us
passive participle)
TOU
Slavolgolla, aKo[p1Tla]al (they open]] to scatter)
KaToLK ei'v
n
n
Ka t
aV0 1TutJOE'TU' ]]]
[ICQ.TO &.]KOVVTQ
ti TO
[Ka8{a]ovTuL
TWV (3)
ci8EAX;w
altTwv lJ aUTov
Ka,n >
0"
II
>
I'-"Y.07avEs
Q~TWV
Na 2:6
pill'!
Na 3:10
IIiK'/:I
Ha I : 15
1jn'I:):l~/:::I
H a 1: 16
1f?::>K~j1
D aUTOS
11 >
--- n
n
--- n~I'-a,
n
aUToi, n1T pos a[
+ 22 X )
Kat 1TOTaf-L0{ (Kat 1T0-raf-L]0,

JSwp 11 jjoo-ra
a7TD]
TWV ri)~
oSwv [oSo]u
av,.wJ.l ] aUT[WV]
TWV II [..,.]iis
1TOV1]PWV 1TOv1]p.[as]
CT1JVaTp E</JEv II [lmaTp.po ua].v
nSuvao-rwv
aVTOV
]]
Kat
tTO &I-'aaOV(1L )]
Kai]
(tUTO
Mi 1:7
M.i 4:4
Na 2:6
--- 1] aUTOU
H a 3:14
P"'
ID [lK1/pugav]
f-LV'7a8~aov-ra , ]] "'V'7a8~aETat
"1/1:;'/1
iI'"
W1Cn
K1j1
" /:: 1
il31'1il
SEtAw'a [TET aAo.<]11dJ P1"/KE[V] (verb)

o1JQU5J.WTos [EV alx]",aAw[!1I1q. (captive ]) in captivity)
op~,~aolla,
Ha 2: 19
Ha2: 19
C'PT/:::I
+9 x )
Ka, l7civTE S O[ ]] Ka .' TO 17'[,x~]p'W/La
H a 2:1 3
Ha 2:19
Na 3:10
Ha 1:7
Ha Z:1 3
J02:4
Jo 2:6
J0 3:10
(t!tt1]
om >
aV-rfl ]] a.[UT1),]
Etal KaAOI II [~yJ48I1vav
Ha 2:2
Ita i
10.4. 1 Number (in nouns, pronouns and verbs) ( I9 x
iI/K?I:)j1
1:8
'Wj'I
Ha 3:10
H a 3:13
Za 9:z
This paragraph lists examples in which R seeks to correct im precise renderings in the LXX
by matching a p art of speech in Hebrew with the corresponding p art of speech in Greek:
verbs are rendered with verbs, prepositions with prepositions, etc.
Jo 2:7
'rt'/':l
K4TOXO' ]] KaT'
J..W u (holding down )) against me)
Jo 2:7
C?'P/?
a,dJv,ol ]] E'I" [atwva]
iI'~
M i 3:S
ill [EV tOXu,]
lea ;'
10.4 Form
10.3 Exact representation of elements of the Hebrew ( I 5 x
Mi
Na
Na
Ha
Knvw,
OUK
aUTOU ill [a1h cjJ]
Tra'yvla ill y{,xws;]
Mi 1:2
i1i'Tn/:::I
1lMi'j'I
K1JPuaao vT a,
--- m
V?
Ha 1 :10
Jo 3:8
M i 3:S
TOLJ.L&OE[ l]
(17' ]]] [ETri]
apxa.s [KE</>a'\]1}v
lv
Tai, ill [-rjj]
oaY1lva"
aaY1l'71
nth-ou ]
Ko1
Tel T()
{lpdJ",a-ra
n~[p ]w/La
av.,.o ti )
Haz:6
H a 2:7
1KVi'
r"ow/?
H a 3:13
Ha 3: 14
Zp 1:4
;,IK'
'lliK'
'\~l'-'Po vTal
Et, ]
8Iap1Tay~v
cwmc
u,]
Zp3 :7
/"'?'?
]] '\~.pE[ -ra, j (see 7. 1 [)
nStap1Taya,
KE<f>a}tas; ]] [KE</>aA~]V
JtE</>aAa s
JJ
KE</>aA~V
Kain >
TO. TO
OVO/UlTa ]] OVO/La
1j TO.
E1T<</> IIA).', ]] i l7'Th8n//LaTa]
aVTWV
13S
DISCOVERIES IN THE JlJDAEAN DESER T VIII
13 6
Za 9 :2
ilD:::ln
JJ []r/>poV7/av
Er/>pOV7/aav
iI"'~D
I:I'D'
"l,nDDK
Jo 4:2
Mi 1:6
ilT
':Pt:lD/~
Mi 1:7
llT1K/D
Mi
llnK
'1V'~
1:7
Mi z:7
M i 5:3
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
1: 14
3:3
3:7
3:10
3:11
Ha 3:1 3
Zp 1:3
Z p 3:7
Za 2 : 11
Za 2 : I I
rom K
~OD
I;!"n
C'DnlD
~''1l
~"K/C
l Jn"Wl'1K
TIl [1TTEtVOV]
~,
Tn 7TTE" LIIQ
'D':l"ajil
OpOplOOV
't:I~CiI
avaa<p~ (uO
Z a 3:4
11m:
Za 3:7
'~3n
1]1 o[p0plaaT
] (d. context)
0"(7) J)]
n :1v;,'
(7) ]]] [avaa<p~ov]
>
KaTo.KoUVT,
II [K ]c;tTOIK[ouaa]
Ta, ]]) !n}v]
avofL,aS' III [avofJ-{av]
aou
10.4.3
Person: nouns, pronouns, verbs (Sx + 2 X )
Mi 2:7
Mi 2:8
Mi SA
potjDn
Ha 2:7
,'j:l"ajl
7t7t0pVVTa,
]] [7t0PVOfL]EVOV
~ESlpaV 1] gSva[a
u ]
Ka, (5)
E1t"ypO~ aOVTa, ]] m y
p oUfLH
8aKVOVU, 1
Za 3:4
l inK
aUTOV Of.
nUTO" DOf.
.,'3D
C ase endings ( 7 x + I
Jo 2:7
y.,Kjil
N a 2:8
1;!'j:'/:::l
JD
[auAa,]
Ha 3:9
nDDn D
n,nl;!m
m.,ill
p:111
r.,K
Ha 3 : 14
Za 9 :1
--- II ?j
y7jv 1ll [Y7il

KaOw, DwI,]
7t
p.un pai ]] [7t Ep,aT]pwv
r/>O
yyofLV
al II Q1Tor/>O
YY(O]fLEV[wV]
7tug rov TIl [1TU~{WJV

.
7tOTap,WV 1] [1ToTa]",o,
pay~ UTal ]
M i 1:8
11 [l,,]8{wv
;aOw~
'1l7
1TTWXO,
Kall
1Taaas
't:I:1"aj
"K.,i!r'
Za 9: 2
r/>vAa,
JJ
1]
Kat
OP1/~ "1 ))] {OP1/ v..juw]
N a 3:7
a?JTfi ]]] [aot]
1/"
Tenses (I X + I X )
As shown in 7.10, R has a fixed system of equivalen ts fo r the Hebrew tenses which more or
less follows that of the LXX, but which at times adheres to th at system m ore closely than th e
LXX. In addition to the material listed in 7, note the timeless represen tation oq'lN for w h ich
cf. Barth. 65-68.
Kal 1[Ka]L
Mi4: 4
rK,n
10 .4.4
OU K
f erra, ]] O~K f.aTUI
RECONSTRUCT ION (I X )
Mi 4 :9
10. 5
rK
OU K
>jv ]]] [l am]
Addition of element (s) (3 x )
Excluded are additions in R which presumably involve a different Hebrew Vorlage , listed in
14 1.
H a I: I S
1/D.,n/:1
--- III H,]
QfLr/>LfJA~(1TP~ ] [afLlr/>,fJA~aTp~
Ha 3: 14
Za8:21
rraaWlJ
--- ]] aUTou
8vvaaTwv au .lx{a]Twv
--- II auTOv
1TOPWOWfLV
] [7tOPvOW
lfLV
--- 111To[P vo fLvo.j
1fT.,) (K) ,' /nD CQ)

iI:ll;!l
1''';'
llJ 1[uAwv]
TOU
11Dn
" :1l1'1
EV
ill
10.6
>
TOI, JD >
apto.s ]]] ap{tE.j
a UT7i, D [au]T..jv
iI/:1
KO.pTaI
]]] [Ko.pOl'a<]
iI"'~'K,n
7tTWXOV
I"pa1/A ]
Kat ]] Ka{ y
Ep,aO ]
tll,n
iI'DOK
Y7i ] yfl
o,:lK/"
I;!:l,n
X )
--- ill [</>wV7}]
Ha 2:2
'1lCj:'iI/'I
oXVpWfJ-aTa ]]] 0xv[pwfLa]
{,
c':n'
11;!'iI
RECONST RUCTIONS (2 X )
,..01)
10.4.2
'Kavoi]] [V 'Kavo1TT/Tf,]
V ill >
7tVp{ ill [1TVP0S']
rr,V ])] -r[a,]
nK
avA..jv
Za 9:3
" /~
"ajK
fJa81/ ill fJaq[oS']
8aAauU7J' ill (8aA aauwv]
v81/ ill 1T[p

1Tp
,x
,
x v81/aav]
fJ-0, ll fJ- (see 7 11)
OOTO' ]]] [oalToS']
lS'
] H1S']
r/>vutav
[r/>uutaS']
EK ]] l y
fJ-IOOwfJ-,hwv lllfJ-1'l[OWfLaToS']
p,100wfLchwv lll l' .[aOwl'aToS']
Ka, OpOOL ill [TOU op8 sl
TOU (4) ]) >
OO
'; ] Owl!
mhwv
[mho ';}
TIl yAV7tTa III [yAV7TTOV]
Tpa vl'aTlwv
[TpavfLaT{oV]
7tapaKA1/UlV ]]] 1T[apaKaAouvTaS']
"A~povS' III [KA7ipOV]
l~ lx0pwv III [ff I XOpou]
TOUS' ill [TOU]
XP'UTOV, llllxP,aTou]
aou]
137
RECONST RUCT ION (I X )
Ha 2:13
RECONSTRUCT IONS (Z2 X )
Jo 2:4
JO 2: 4
J o 2:6
Omission ofelement (s)
(I 2 X
+ 6X
Excluded are omissions by R which presumably involve a different Hebrew Vorlage , listed
In 14. I.
DISCOVER1F.S IN THE JCDAEAN DESERT VIII
138
Jo 2:7
'11'"
+++
T'N/il
+++
iI',"'::1
KarEfJT)V )
Ei. ]] >
--- D~
F. TRANSLATION TECH N IQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PEClJ LIARITIES

Na 3: 13
1~11
yiiv ]]] [yij,)

>}.]]) >
)03:4
OI' Jl] >

fLOXA01] UwXAo]i
Ha 2:1 3
Za 8 :23
Mi
1:1
'WN
waE' III >

rrop.{os ] 7[opda.
waE'])] >
7TOpl O.J) ] [7TO)P.[IJq.[V)
V7TEP 1] >
ilm
17)E
1"ilO
"11
Mi 2:8
.,'N
M i 4:7
'11/'1
Mi 5: 1
m'iI/"
Na2:6
wv1l orv]
>
':::l
"Ul1!'.)W
+++
.is II >
"VI!'.)
aPXOVTa ]] apx[O]VT(l
'~O /il
Ta.]]
+++
':ltl'l1/i1
Nl/7.:I (roo t ill!'.)
Ha 1:5
pON
+++
Ho
II
f TrL KaAUI-'I-'a
apl-'oaal II >
xop8-.)v, ]] /-L~
TO{fW uaL ]] aya8uvtS"
/-LEp{lia , JJ V7T[Ep vw1
A/-Lwv
oJ] >
K"
OV ]
"U'r.lK11
7TLaTEUCTTjTE
,~
OTt
I-'~
")1:)'
ns KliL"rl'yijTaL ] [KliLT)yjT)Oii
Ha 2:6
l1,,'n
. is II >
H a 2: 19
JK1i1
1] >
(UiTO ]] aUTOS'
U'TL
>
Il L~yT)aLv
+++
OTt ]]
C'iI"K
,) ]) >
D:l/r.ll1
/MO' 1
+++
EOT'"
>
(JEO. ]
UfLWV
m>
Omission of elements possibLy involving different H ebrew text ( 0 x + II X)

This category continues 10.6, the only difference being that h ere the LXX possibly
reflects a different Hebrew text.
RECONSTRU CTI ONS (I I X )
Mi 1: 1
D~"/'1
Ka t
1[Kla!
1r.pt
m>
I.povaaAT)I.L j [1<poua]oJ.T)1-'
Mi 1:7
iT'I:1311
aUTUW ]] >
Na3:8
>
yvvalKES
EV rrvp< 111 [7Tup6s1
CIon
[on]
aKT) K60fl-EV 1[a]'!'T)KOV
10.6.1
Sopav ]] [7tE pLfJ]6Aa LOv
aVTOV J] >
Ka! ;ws j []ws
<i. J] >
TOU (2) )
EtvaL ) E[y",aL
rrPo</>VAaKaS
WN
w, ll]
(Note that the resulting text of R creates a sequence which is grammatically impossible in Greek .)
rr.pl
T~V])]
,)
(JOV
c'th
(Note the diffe rent reconstruction of the LXX in vv . 6- 7 necessitating the addition of f i.)
1"ilO
;Sou
.\OOS
a VT'J1S" ]
Jo 3:3
illil
Tn
EiSwAa I [El]Cw'\a
(l&rijs 1[(l]UT1jS
i17.:1~W
(J-.)ao/-Lal ]]] 8~ Q[wl

d sm >
Mi 2:7
011
}J.n '
Mi 4:4
Mi 4 :4
Na3:lo
+++
+++
':K'/:1
C'TK
dcPU VIUfLOV
?:J
T"mrm
II SL1)Y'1aLS
Ka (
N a 3:10
11-'[ETa1
aUTO ;; ]]1 >
;KaaTo. ])) >
TaVTa II] >
frr' [, rr,J
apxas ]J [Kf</>oJ.Hv
rraauw ) 7Taaw[v)
TWV ]]] >
Jcwv
aVrij. l11 >
?!3(1
KU,( 1Ti.
+++
7TaVTa J]] >
iI'n:1~l
Ta ill [Tousl
Evliog(l ]11 r'vll6gousl
aVTijs
Ha 1:5
Ha 1:7
,) III >
'/ODW
TO
KpIl-'a ) [KpL'JJ.ta
(lO'TOV ]
Mi3:6
Mi 3:6
Mi 5:1
m[V/-L" vj
III >
n[v!'-] <v
C~/"
"/-Lw
C~I"
EaTal
"1-"1'
i111K/'1
cn'? 11':1
ill'I'DlC
Ha 1: 14
+++
E<rr(lL]]] >
WS
TO. ]1) >
Jp1T~To.
II
Ta Jl] >
{.. - '/::1}
; XOVTa l lE'xov]Ta
~y oul-'VOV )
{ ...}
TOU ll) >
o'\'YoaTOS J oAL[y]oaTOS
. i II >
+++
N"
OIKO[, 'U"']
Etf>paOa ) [< ]</>pa8a
"l1~
+++
WD'/~
EaTaL III >
Ka! (2 ) I
au)
BT)OA'EI-' OtKOS
1[a ulT1j.
+++
' 1:1
Ha 2: 19
illiT
aU K
TOVTO
(iliou)
Cl m >
139
....,...
F. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE A ND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES
DISCOVERIES IN THE J U DAEAN DE SERT VIII
140
+I x )
I-'
n>
ro.7 Stylistic transpositions of the LXX ( 7 x

Jo 2:4
{. .}
l KuK'>'woav )} 1TP'
KuK'>'wa[1v
{ .. -I-'d I-'[E]
{.. -Tp,WV} ] Tp,W[V}
"'I-'(>WV
>
TPIWV
'1./:1:10'
Jo 3:3
nV1';1V1
CI'D'
Mi
{'~K- ..)
I :J
Kal ]] >
<'YEVTO ]] >
{it'it - ..)
,:I'T
.>.oyo, ]
mit'
Mi 4:3
Na 3: 12
Ha
2:20
{... ) ]] ETt
(1)
{.. - Exovaa,} ]]] [avv]
aKo1Tov,
aKo1T[oi",]
{.. .) xovaa, 1] >
o' Il " KVplO,

Ka( 0 -1 1
1Tapd
rn
n "tlrl-
mit'/'I
rK '';I:l/D
/...}
CI'D/'I
';IK
1-'7j1l;
>
vowp ]]] [Kat vll'1
{ .. -1-'7jOt} ]]] lI-'1}l
Consistency and inconsistency
The literal , even pedantic character of R is obvious in most of the preceding sections,
especially in 10. This type of literal translation coincides with the tendency to represent
consistently every Hebrew word with a corresponding Greek equivalent. The preserved
text is too small for an extensive examination of R's consistency. However, evidence of this
tendency can be collected from the preceding paragraphs as well as from an examination of
R's lexical choices.
Some examples of R's consistency in lexical choices ar e p rovided here:
( I) ,~ All occurrences of"~ are rendered with
are reconstructed accordingly.
on, see 9.3 . In the lacunae, renderings of"::1
(2) "N Apart from one exception (Mi 4:3), ~N is rendered by 7Tp6~ :
';IN
Jo 3: 2
, '/71(
Jo 3: 8
Mi 4:3
Za 1:3
';IN
';IN
';IN
C;:" /';IN
Za IA
Cit'/7K
1TPO, ]1TpO[.]
1TPo., J [1Tlp[o).
ai 1ai
1TPO, 1[1Tplo,
1TpO; 1
1T' ]] []c/>'
1TPO, 1
UI-'o., J
athOL, ll1Tpo., a[vTov,]
/J-
'TIPo., (4) ] ["1F]po.S"

" pOS" ]1Tp(o., )
';II(
See t he data in 5.4.
As a rule, R is a consistent and literal translator (reviser). However, like all other revisers, R
is often not consistent. This can be observed in some of the data adduced above . Note 2. 2 as
compared with 2.3, 3. J compared with 3.2, 4.1 compared with 4.2, and 5.2 co mpared w ith
Tl'TD7'
"17
ell
"1FpO, ]
1.2 Inconsistetlcy
53
Consistency
Jo 4: 2
Kat]
OUKiTt I-'~ ]] ou I-'~
l-'a6wa( lll-'o6watv
I I.
2:5
m:'1~
(3)
--- ]] [CYEVTO]
t"P ..) N';I/'I
RECONSTRUC TION (I X)
jo
"I(
- '~I(
1-'7jIlEva ]] lI-'~] --
.moPXEIV ] [u1Tap ]X( ltv
{ .. -1-'"'1lliva} ]] av~[pa]
I I. I
Za 2:8
Za 3:4
- it"it
TO.
Jo 3: 7
'(?I(
KVp{OV )]
--- ]] [0,)
CI"':l::l
Z p 3:6
t rxp]
Za 1:14
141
F urth er examples of inconsistent renderings are provid ed here.
(2)
Q"~
is rendered with both
vawp
and v8a-ra. See note on the reconstruction of Jo 3:7.
N'' :'1 is rend ered with both ov and ovxt. See ibid . on Mi 1: 5.
(3) Different fo rms of Tt(J"'1I1-' for Q~W (J~aw an d (J~aoJ.W.') are recorded ibid. on Mi 1:7.
(4) Different r enderings of
Jo
):2
N'j.'
K'?/'I
(alm ost all = L X X ), reflecting t heir respective con texts:

Kai
1(K]t;ll
1K~P.,.(~]ov
K~PV~OV
Jo
3:5
Jo
3:8
Za 1:4
Za r:14
'K'i"/'I
'lC'i"/'I
{~K .. .} ' K'?

I('i'
Kat
EK~p u~av ] ?K~p[v~avl
Kal ] KQ.(i)
d.v~61Jaav
Ev
Ka.>.wav )] EKO.>.O VV
dV<lKpay
] [dvaKpa]y
(5) In one ver se R used two d iffe rent G reek roots for d erivatives of one H ebrew root: Ha
1:10 i'nWt.l --y[lAws"1 (LXX: 1TatYVta ) and j.'nW' -~v1Ta~U"Tat] (L X X : ~1-L1Ta{gTa,), probably
because t he translation of t he verse began with [~v]1TatgH (LXX: ~vTpvtP~aH, MT: o"i'n"').
1 1.3
Non-stereotyped renderings
The fo llowing examples represent relatively free renderings in R, such as addition or

omission of t he article, preposit ion s, p ronouns, p articles, and other non-stereotyped
renderings (noun /verb , waw rendered by 8l), singular/plural forms , etc. Due to the nature
of the Greek language, some of these cannot be avoided in the translation.
A large g rou p of exam ples appears in 0.2 (shared translation techniq ue of the LXX and R
in significant details) and these examples are not repeated h ere . Add itional examples follow.
In most of t hese instances R follows the L XX, so that w e note once again that R may be
followin g that translation in some of its non-stereotyped renderings . By the same token he
would probably have used some different equivalents if his translation h ad been m ade
indep endently of the LXX.
Jo
3:8
CIit~K
Jo 4:1
11';1 '"",/"1
M i 1:5
n1K~n / :l/'l
TOV 1(art.)
6ov 1q(o.vl
KaL]
avvExv61] II ~~[vl-'"'1avl
Kat 1
Iltd III [011 (prep .)
ap.up.,{uv ] [afL]apT{av
F. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PEC U LIARITIES
14 2
~;U 'S ]
Ol~
Za
Mi4:5
'lnlK~
Mi4:9
Na 2:10
'-n
w8ivES
:l1'1f
TO]
xpvalov ] x{pva{ovl
Zp 1:4
'::I~'
TOUS'
c''ef'l,'
KaTo.KoiivTas ]
lEpOVaa.>.rllJ. II EV 'Ep[ovaa'\tjtt]
12.
1[W8~VES (pI.)
12.1 t
fL
(12 X + 4X ) (Thackeray 85-'7 )
for Loccurs especially in certain morphophonemic conditions such as vp..iv,

yuv- , pHr/l- (cf.
Gignac I, 189- 19 1), for which no negative examples (vp..iv, TJp..iv, yev- , pup-) are available:
Jo 2:4
'l~'~1'1/'l
MiI :2
C~/ ::1
--- J]] [Ka ,]

'TTipp'",,';.> ]] [aPr~ppEll"as
/U ] ,..(E]
Ev]
Mi 3:6
C:l/"
;,,..iv ]] [v!-,]Eiv
Ha
K" i'
up.iv
2:2
.; D >
o]] T(<iiJ
Za 1:4
,';,n
'TTOT{,WV ]] [1T O T{'OVTJ~ ,
YlvOBE ]] YE{,,[aOE]
Za 3:5
C"l::l
1l'a:na
n~lJ-LciT'(l
A second group concerns transliterated Hebrew words:

Mi
1:1
'1'1Mb/i1
Mi4:7
Zp 1:4
Za
'J'I'''I''~
1: 14
C"D:::I/i1
1'1"3/'1
MwpaaO. ]] jU-UpaaO..
};IWV ]] au[wv]
n ov ) TW[V]
<"piow ]] !xw,.a]P" tt
Kat
0:::1/"
rr'''
]1'3
Ot
(I X
Mi 1:5
+2 X)
ynDW
Eaf"lpE.a ]] [aa];ulpota
Mi 1:1
Mi 1:6
P"lbW
Ea,.apEias
E~ pnav
]1'Dz'
Preverbs and prefixes with final nasal (9

55- 77 ) (full evidence)
12.3
I
M i 1:7
Mi2:8
'IIl,fv'
?'ID1'1K/'I
Mi4:3
'1'11'1:::1/'1
Ha
Ha
PfW'
1:1 0
1:10
nl'/'I
Ha 2:5
Za 1:4
~~fv'
tI'WN'/i1
Za 3:7
C":I"i1D
JCa.' ]
',i)wv ]]
+I
X)
( Thackeray I32-4; Gignac I,
!-,'TTp~oo v a,v
]] l.,.".p~ aov( OLv]
",a il
;tt'TTpoaOEv ]] {V7Tpoa8(Ev]
Kai ]
KOTaKO""OVOL ]] avvKov.ov[aUl]
Jtt'f'tot~Ta' ]] Ma!l~ET a l]
i1~:::1"'/'l
Ha 2:3
m[aattapotas]
maa!JtapOlav]
Kat
Kpo ~a ..
a ~Tou ill
)) ovVA~!-,",, T[a.]
[a'"6}
1('4']
a vaTEAEL]] Ev</>av.i aET(al}
Ett'f't''f't.\att&os
on
D.!V'TTL7TAa,.[EVos]
;p.'TTpoaOv D ;.,.".poaOEv
aVaOTpE<f>o;uvOvs ]] ~[pl}lr[aT oiivTasl
RECONSTRUCTION (I X )
1:10
D [Ev]'TTa{~ ..
o,pn'
vTpv</>.q aEl
QPl/::1
Ev a'TT.tAn ]] Ev ttlflp,tt ~ a,, ]
Note however
Ha 3:12
12.4 EK before nasals (3
X )
(Thackeray IOI- 2; Dunand IS; Gignac I, I7 2-6)
Mi 1:7
p1IK/D
Ha 2:7
~i"/'I
Ka'l
i1rpi1
KYTjr/Jovo,v ]] -rv.i[""
ova]w
{KV'rJ t/>oV II ;Y""I""ov
Ha 2:19
K]] -r
f,,08wp.o.Twv ill JLlq[8WJLaTos]
12.5 yy = vy (2 X) ( Thackeray I 30-4; Gignac 1, 17I) (full evidence)
TTJv
au~[wvl
RECONSTRUC TIONS
M i 3:6
Mi4:8
Mi4: IO
T OV
};lWII ]] u.[(.Wv]
Za 9:2
12.2
Ha
i1PW
m[anwvl
1/ >
aifJua II aaifJ w
WI)
Mi 1:5
nvfLv
d,vaYU'W OKWY ]] ciJlaY4f &.vwaKw v
Ha 2:15
E,wv (7)
Note also the reverse phenomenon:
Orthographic and (morpho) phonological peculiarities
This section describes the orthographic and (morpho)phonological peculiarities of R,

documented by references to H. St. J. Thackeray, A Grammar of the Old Testament in Greek
(Cambridge 1909) as well as to M. Dunand, Papyrus grecs bibliques (Papyrus F. Inv. 266 )
(Le Caire 1966). Extensive background material is available in F. T. Gignac, A Grammar of
the Greek Papyri of the Roman and Byzantine P eriods, I-II (Milano, 1976; 1982). When the
full evidence , positive and negative, is provided, this is indicated in the headings. R's
orthographic practices are rather consistent.
F o r the correct understanding of this paragraph it should he realized that Ziegler's
edition does not exactly represent the ort hography of the MSS (see the section on
"Orthographika" on pp. 109- 119).
'JT'3
2:1 1
143
(4 x )
v!-,iv ill [VP.EW]

EWJV ]l] [aHwv}
};lWV]]] a[Ewv]
Zp
Zp
I: 14
~"P
I: J 4
::I,'P
(yyVs ]l(ry;'~
(ryus
(yyu~
Note also c/Japayya (Mi I :6), a1To~9E'yy(O]iLV[WV] (Na 2:8), oTpaY(Yl

Jo1]Ta,] (Ha 2:3), ~EYYOS (Ha
3:1 r), [a]YYEAoS" (Za 3:5,6).
.
F . TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PECULTARITIES
144
12.]3 v
12.6 8ul = 8,' (I X+2 X ) ( ThackeraYI36-J;GignacI,315- zr ) (full evidence )
Elision is the regular practice of R with Q1TO, E1T{, KaTa, I-LETa and S,a (see 12.8 for Em). This
paragraph refers only to SLa.
Ha
RECON STRUCTIONS ( 2 X )
aU! ill [BI')
ti oi{3(la~ ]]) (tioi{3lav]
wtD/:l
mM~n/ :l"
Mi 1: 5
Kat
R used the v movable, as is usual, b efore vowels (]o 3:8,9, I 0; 4:5 ,5; Mi 4:3; 5:2(3); Na 2:6,6;
Ha 2:7,18,18,19; Zp ]:13; Za 9:3), but also before consonants:
Jo 2:6
ai/laTa ]
Mi 1:5
movable ( Thackeray 134- 5; Gignac I, II4-16) (full evidence)
Jo z:4
ala ]] aI'
~,~
2: 17
ala ill [a,')
ilt.)~n
/l EKVK'\woav 11 7r p"uvK'\w o[1v /l[ )
;au]] 7rp,lux(]v (niv)
Jlla>..",O ]] ;.\[a>.].", u~ (..fou])
bro{.",ov ) (4: J K[a&])
Kal (6 )
7rol/lavo uo, D[7rO'/lQVOU]OIV (niv)
a VlO"7TQO E
avl U7TaGEv (Kat)
wc!>IIi )] w#'\.", o~ (Y.\U7rTOV)
T{ <errl (1:19)] [Tt Jerr l]v (Tati;[a))
Ka , ] Kali)
l7r (l7rvl [7r p]or;
Tigouul ]] (;II]()WUIV (lIao,)
, c!>poVTJ uav ) [(}rPpOV7}ov (u o8pa)
T:l1l1'
Kat
' 1/:::I:l0'
lIt!:ln
Jo 3: 10
,:: 1 ,
J03:10
iW
Mi5:S
'P'"
Ha I:IS
iI"PiI
Ha 2 : 18
Za 2:2
Za 3:4
"'P'lil
nt.)
,t.)K""
Za 8: 20
Za 9 :2
Za 9:3
' N:l'
a/laPT,aV ] (a/l)apn'av
12.7 T
= 0 (I
X ) ( Thackeray 124- 9; Gignac I, 136-8)

,Mi'"
M i 4:3
1 2.8
aV'Tap?I
"N
M i 4:3
E7r' ]] [E].p'
;()~or;
This instance reflects the irregular insertion of the aspirate before ;()~or; (= l()vor; ), also known from other sources (cf. W.
Schu lze, K leine S,h,ijttm [G ottingen J 933] 5 17ff.) I n all oth er instances R uses E7r' before the smooth breath ing 0 0 2: 4 ; M i
4:7; 5:4(5); H a 2: J 8) and ' c!>' before the roug h breat hing (H a 2: 6).
Ha 2:6
] 2.9
'TOV KAOtCW aVTo u ]]
" /"31 ('1"31)
4/
(aTOV
Aal-Lf3avw ( 2 X ) ( Thackeray I0 8- II; Ziegler 114 ; Gignac II, 269 ) (full evidence)
Ha
iI/'~"'''
1 :1 0
]2 .1 0 a
(I
+I
X)
KpaT>iOEl ]] ouV,\>i/ly,T[a.]
aUTou ill [am-OJ
1I>iP4oV'Ta. ]] 1I>iY,[Ta.]
T~ooap as
( J :20) ]] [Tooa]p r;
RECONSTRUCTION (I X )
Za
:l ' M/~
2:1 0
EK (6) I]] Iwr;)
TW ~ JJJ [Tour;I
'Tooapw ~
12.11
Ha 1: 8
III
[T ~ooap<;]
(I X) (Thackeray 89-9 T; Gignac J, 275-7 )

?'n'J~
/la Kpo()v]) 7rWP/?[w()v]
] 2.12 Sibilants ( I X) (Thackeray J08; Gignac I, 120- 4 )

Mi 4:3
n14>Koao1JL.",Ov (TlJpOS )
12. 1 4
au = a (I x ) ( Thackeray 79; Gignac I , 226-7) (full evidence)
H a 2:6
T'/" P (1/"P)
'TOV
KAO ,ay aliTov }] '
eaTal'
Augment (Thackeray 198- 200; G ignac II, 240-1) (full evidence)
Jo 4:2
""e1l'I'
Kai]
7rp0O'l)vgaTo
11
,! [poo).~~aTo
(Thackeray 73- 4; Gignac I , 278- 86)
;'31:l'M
Za 2:3
Accordingly, the v movable is reconstructed also before consonants: (] o 2:6 EKUKAqJ[OEV fLE];
3:4 [EK"pU~EV Kat]; 4: 1 ~q[UfL1]OEV] (2 Kat); Mi 1: 1 [d~EV TTEpt]; 1:7 o[lJV1JyaYEv] Kat; 4:3 OVVKO,pOU[OLV
Ta S']; Na 2:9 <pEV[YOUOLV oT]iJ[n ]; 3:7 [uTaAaL]1Twp1]KE[V VLl'EtI1]]; 3:10 f3aAov[Otv KA7jpov] ; 3 : ] 2
oaAE'u8[wOLV Kat]; Ha 2:5 [E1TAclTIJVEV] KaOwS'; 2:8 OKUAEV[OOUO{v OE]; Z p I: 13 [ KaToLK~ oOUO'v Kat];
1: 13 [TT{W OW TOV]; Za I: 14 [El'TTEVJ TTPOS'; 2:2 [E[1TEV TTPOS']; 2 :3 [;8EL~EV fLOt]; 2: 4 [El'TTEV M ywv]; 2: 8
[E t1TEV TTPOS']; 3: 1 [8ELgEv I-L0L]; 3:5 [E071]KEV (6) Ka ;].
1 2. 1 5
Kat
,Mi'"
Ha 2:6
4>KoaO/l""O
I] tiv()ap?I
ETT' = Eq,' ( 2 X) ( Thackeray 124- 7; Gignac I, 133-8) (full evidence)
145
CiI'/nn'm"
Kai)
Ta II Tar;
aOpaTa ]] o.,Bv(var;]
aUTWV ] [a]vTWY
Reconstructed also in Na 3:11.
III. T extual Relations (13-1 5)
T he following analysis of the textual relationsh ip b etween R, the L X X and MT d iffers

b asically from the preceding p ar agraphs in that it d oes not discuss the inner-Greek relation
between th e two translations LXX and R, but rather their respective Hebrew Vorlagen vis
a-vis M T. The analysis involves the reconstruction of elements in these V orlagen which is
necessarily subject ive. T he outcome shows the Hebrew Vorlage of R to b e much closer to
MT than to that of the L XX , so that R's revisional labour must have included the
approximat ing of the 'LXX' to a forerunner of MT, which howeve r was not identical with
it . M ost recognized differences between these two Hebrew texts consist of minor details.
This is mainly reflected in ]4. ] (R = MT against L XX [59 + 35]) , and probably also in
15 . ] (L XX = MT against R [14 + 3]), and even in 15.3 (R differs from both L XX and M T
[6]), which all indicate that R's Vorlage was similar to , rather than identical with MT. F o r
each of these grou ps similar examples of agreements at the level of vocalization h ave been
added. However, these are less convincing since they m erely represent exegetical tradition s
146
at the time of translation. In fact, R shares more agreements in vocalization with the LXX
(against MT) than with MT (against the LXX). This indicates that these renderings have
not been corrected. The statistics are as follows:
14 + I (reconstruction)
21
59 + 35
15 + 5
14 + 3
R=LXX against MT (13.1):
Idem, in vocalization (13.2):
R = MT against LXX (14.1):
LXX = MT against R (15 .1):
R differs from b oth LXX and MT (15.3):

Ind ecisive (15.4):
F . TEXTUAL RELATIONS
lIn~"~
(1m'"')
Ha 2: 18
",.,3"
(v.,r ,~)
Ha 3:9
"~n (.,"n)
Ha 2 :17
147
1TTo..)aI) [1TT o ~alEt
ad
t 1Tt ]
TO I
1TA&a,... ]
av-roti ] a~h'ov
VTVf'i, ~Ey(P]f fs
RECONST RUCTION (I X )
Ha 1:8
'D~ ('D~'/'l)
Kal
1TTuaD>iaovTIU
I [1T'I'aJaD~ aOV'l'IU (calc , of space)
13.2 R
= LXX against MT in vocalization
(2I X )
The proximity between Rand MT is clearly reflected in the followin g analysis. In all
these cases this proximity is explained in terms of R 's revision of the L XX towards a
different Hebrew t ext (similar to MT). However, in some cases in which the text of the LXX
does not reflect a variant Heb rew reading as indicated below, the proximity between R and
the MT was thus created at the inner-Greek (translational) level. If that were the case these
examples should actually be transferred to 10, but our basic conten tion of the closeness
between R and the MT would not be affected by such an internal shift.
In most of t he examples, reconstructed Heb rew readings are either added in parenthesis
or are clear from the notat ion (min u ses, t ransposit ions).
The left column records the vocalization of MT, while the reconstructed reading of
R = L XX is recorded in the right column.
Jo 4: 2
,~
Mi 1:7
Mi 1:7
~ nll'
M i 4:8
("'l:)
KUTo.K6.pOIJa.
'1' & ]
~D;r
p.1Tp~aO lJa.v
,,,,lJ;'
mlpyo,
nKaTaK[64/o IJalV (passive/ active)
nv1Tp~ao lJ[a.vl (U)'~)
. .
.,"'~
Mi 5:5
?I;?l:
::I~IJ~
1TO'P.V IOIJ
(J.VXp,W01]>
Iv (6) ]
Na2 :6
i'Il;~;n
l 1f't ]
('~i
I [culx1J.two1],
'~l$ ()
Po!14>a.q. ] p[op.<f>alq.] (::110:;1 )
. ..
TO. I
'I'E {XTJ ] (he of d irection; change of number)
13. 1 R =LXX against M T ( I 4 x
+I
x )
The reconst ructed Vorlage com m on to R and the LXX is recorded in parenthesis after the
text of the MT in the left column.

Jo 2:3
iT"3~ (iT'"IS/::I)
Mi 1:5
M,tUm/:i/'l (J'lKon/::J/'l)
8MA/JE. ] [OA/J]EI
Karl
ill (0.']
a.p.apTlo.v ) [al-'lapTlav
oui
Mi 1:6
Mi 3:'5
M i4:3
Mi 5:3
"S7~I:)/' r~~1:)/'/'l)
l~\"
Na2:8
::Ism
-
"a.]
'\:
Na2:8
Na 2: 10
Na 3:8
1'Iilm7;l
"it . ,
Na 3:9
71~=;C1i
El, I 11;]
q,IJ'I'lav ]]] [q,IJTE{as]
.,
E1T
PIC/ ::1 (PIC/:I/'l)
o.w ov 1[aw19v
OVTaPlJ )] dvOap?I
Ka, (4) 1
0:7;1
~
lax v,
Na 3: 14
O"!P~
Ha 1: 10
"il~"1
7TTJAov ]1Tl),[ ov] (O"!;):t)
Ha
Tji )
I : 10
Ka t
rt"':!l'' '
T
Na 2: 13
,../l'IlP7!I/1 ('/Mll71.)/'l)
Kai I [,,]ai
<J1TE!laolJolV
DTQXlIVOVa,v
KaTO 'K"I~P IOV
D fI...Gl~pav
a.noti
Ha 1: 15
Ha 2:5
Ha 2:6
':'1j"1l' ('i'1j.,l'/1)
M'/'l (M?)
"'h~ - (~)
~ ("'/'~)
00_1e ]
1TQpa~Aijv
KaT'
I 0((0.'1" ]
aV'I'oii ] [alh Jov
KpaT~aE' ]] olJvA~"""T[a'l
a.hov
Ka' l
III [auTo1
(i'I'P7:) ?)
Ha 2:5
~tWlI
: '
Ha 2:5
filP"1
1Ca.. ]
iaO~E'I'a' ]] aOpo.[a.-,1
Ha 2:6
1'I;""J:I
El,
Ha 3:9
H a 3:13
~i?~1;'l
po.y ry aETo.. ] ( ~j?f1;'l )
lfw HPo.; II [I f1,!-,lvwao.[' 1 (verbal fonn, 2nd person sg,)
K'4t ]
EtAKV aEv D ; aIJpo

aUTOV
'"I!lp'~
1C0.'
TO III [n}v]
f3a.AEt] LBlq.~~! ("il~:)?)

Kat )
..
Ha 1: 11
~ll ] E1TGpO!
,i""tiTl:)" (,.,iT1:)"/'l)
al!T7is ] a u[T]!is ( i'I~~:V )

fls- ]
Iv]
Na 2:6
..j ]
J.roaTaal, ] Aa.p.1T~V'I'/ (article + noun)
VrO VTO ]] Y(01uv{o.1! ( passive form)
.s'~P1To.~OV ] [.s,~p1TaOov (";?)
Ko.']1 >
iiowp ] vow{P] (CI;~)
Karl
+++
("'I'~)
,Mir (tCiV')
Kat I
;'I'ol,.,aaolJal ] To,,.,aa['] (both active forms)
N a 2:6
M;'~'
ol),nlaETaI 1To.p[),vaETal] ("!l~ ?)
KaOw, ]
,.
cl 1
~~, ] (~~~)
n>
o'~Yl)a,v
(filp:)?)
11o'~Y'7a" (m""J:I ?)
F. TEXTUAL R ELATION S
DISCOVERIES IN THE JU D AEA N DESERT VJlf
148
14. 1 R = MT against LXX (59 x
Ha 2:4
+ 35 X )
Jo 3: 8
Jo 3:9
::nW"
Mi 1:6
niiD/1'I (1'1iiD)
M i 1:7
-r'f'!
Mi 1:7
Mi 2:7
Mi 4:4
,:l'W' (:lW")
1":"1 0 )
,:lW'f'! (?:1W"/1)
(?1~ l')
M i 4:5
",m,tt Cl'ei/:1 (n/~"'1/:l )
Mi 5:3
i117'1'1 (il17'1'1 ilK'f'1)
Mi 5:3
+++
Mi 5:5
r'K11K
Na 2:6
Na 2:6
N a 3:7
Na 3:8
Ha 1:5
H a 1:8
Ka~]
EK ]] ;W~
avvEaTp0.pov )] [E7TLaTpE.pova]Iv
770776povvTa, 1] [770poV0 I-']EVOV
Ka,
aVU7TUUUETat ]]]
T~V
]]] lEV 01'61-'an]
oSOV ]] [O.]ov
at!TOV 11 aUTWV ( R d iffer s)
Kat (4) ]] >
o.pomL ]l >
KaL]
770'1-'0.1'0'] 770(']1-'0.1''
TO (4) 11 >
770tI-'VIOV 11 >
at!TOV II >
TOV (6) ]] ~v
~I-'Epa~]l
" tU~' ("tU~/1)
('''')
O '/~ ( O'~)
+++
+++
,'/tU,tl/' ('V'lD/')
KaL
~u
Haz:6
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
2:6
2:6
2:13
2: 14
2:16
Ha 1:16
'f7J'"/' (?1/11"'1~~~t'?)
Ha 1:16
'm"'l ~::lC/' (?V7.1"'l " /')
H a 1:17
H a 2:3
H a2A
Ha 2:4
Iii
(l::l '17)
:IT::l' (:1T::l/')
nli1 (?li")
'ttUtll (' /tUtll)
?,'"'I " /:1 (?0":1')

0'
p'
,S:
(0i1'I'17 )
p'p /1 (?P ?P 'i'/1)
H a 2: 18
Ha 2:19
" I?'
Ha 3:10
H a 3:13
O',i1 (0'rJl1)
11':1 /rJ - (PVl)
- PVl (?mC)
, ' C' ('CK)
Ha 3: 13
Ha 3: 14
1 K'li1
(N'i1j'1)
+++
Ha 3: 15
l'l:l,.,. (l'l:l,'1j'1)
Zp 1:4
,Ktti 11K (OW l'lK)
Zp 1:4
OtU l'lK (otU 11Kfl)
Zp 1:4
O"O::l/"
>
11 >
ciaOv~aovalV
KaTa{3~a.Ta'
1[ciaJev~ao va,v
na7701T[1]S~aTa'l
Kai 11 >
OOwp ] uSw[P]
Ka, ]] >
ciq,avla01]T
II >
Kai
017
c'm:>/i1
TTtcrrft
Zp 3:7
Zp 3:7
+++
017
'Mp n ('"Pl'lfl)
~::lK q~i1)
Ofn"',l1 (C/n'??17)
OK)
il'1il'
n>
--- ]] '\(IOV
Ka<]]] >
SltaaO 11 {iSE1ta,
ETO'I-'a~ov 11 S,a TOVTO
mJ.aa II 77UVTa
~
]1 Ta
]] f1TlT[ 1]Svl-'aTa]
Za 3:4
1/1-,11!~
alno v 1[a Hov
Z a 3:4
Za 3:7
'/11"'1~tUrJ l'lK ('i11'3rJ 11N)
Za 8: 20
Za 8:23
l InK (V11N)
+++
0~/~11
txtl
--- nTWV Ilvval-'[wv1
mK~3
mlitl U'"'IE)
l'l::lW'l' ('::ItU1')
S,a TOVTO ] Sla TOV[TO]
Ei~ KfVOV ]] [ohw'/Jf:uaETul.
fav II ,S[ov]
~ 11 >
.pvx~ ]
I-'ov II aUTO V
OTt
--- 111 [My"l
Z a 2:8
Za 2 : I I
---ll
3mK:13
O'?tU1"/1
--- II
[Iv lKaVOT1JTt] KEVOV

mho u, ]] [E1TIJ 8aAua<7['7' )
I(a, ]
aVV~X e1] ]J I-'ETO, (two words)
aTIl-'la ]]] [aTlI-',a,]

--- 11 [...alj
t/xlYTa alav J (r/>a]vTaa,av
- -- ]] (71 ' aUTO
I(ai]] >
aUTO ]] aUTOS'
faTl II >
,Iao{ II op1]
av0l-'wv It OiKOV
OuvaTov ]] [aak{3[ov~l
SEaI-'OU~ ]] ~I-'E A{ov ~ (R reflects MT, albeit as a plural noun)
v
]] >
aVTfl ]] >
Kaill >
l1TE{3{{3aaa, 11lvIT,,[v>]
Ta ]]] [T01
ov61-'aTa II tl".[6A"l-'l-'a]
Kaill >
Ta II TO
ovofLa TO. 11 cwol-'a
TWV ] Tw [vl
t.plwv 11 [xwl-'a ]p"l-'
--- ]] ~[Ta]
--- 11 [TW"]
7To AAa
aVTWV
Z a 1:3
Za 2:2
naa[y~v!7]
Ka1 ] Kc,tllJ
lpovaLv ]] [(plOt
UUTc!i ]J >
TO" K"\O tOV aVTOV ]) (4)' o.TOV
bTlq,vIJ" L~
--- ]] aUTOV
( 16) II >
KapS,a]l >
aVTov II >
Tflll [T<p]
aay~vTl ]] [al-'q,,{3,1~la-TP't'
aVTov]
TI{3;"~aTP't'
II aOTOV
--- ]1[11 ~plwv
Zp 1: 14
Zp 2:10
Zp 3:7
Za 1:3
--- 1lI lot]

~
+++
+++
,'/,s: ('1/'')
i1,,7.1/1 (i1"~)
opl-'~aovat ]] [H".i~
H a 1:15
"~K'/1 ("~K'/1)
Ha 2:18
[Ka.B{a]OVTUI.
Aaaovp]
KaL II >
q,.vtovTa, 11 >
+++
+++
+++
""
006v D >
I-'OV D >
Myol'T!> D >
--- )] 77![ajT(pi.pn]
--- ]] TOV
ay po v ] ci[yp]ov
--- II y~v
' WK
lK ]] fV
7rLOTf WS ]]
The reconstructed Vorlage of the LXX (except for the minus signs and such obvious
retroversions as i~N' and C"il'N) is written in parenthesis after the reading of MT in the
left column.
TOV]]>
+++
Jo 2:3
+++
+++
+++
'1/1'1l,CK/:1 ('/m'~K/7.1)
149
(0':1')
(1 /rJ17)
--- I] [TIOV
Il vJvaf.Uwv
--- (1:1 9) ]]] [Kai1
--- ]]1 H v]
--- 11 "p ov[aaA1]I-']
KaTa Kap1TW, (4) ]J [aT" x{ajTa,
ot (7) l]l >
KaTO 'KOVVT(, II [KJq;To'K[ovaaJ
--- ]] a770
--- 11 00;;
aUTOV II aE
Ta 111 H I']
77poaTaYl-'aTa
I-'0V]
770,1;"0<]1 >
I-'Ta 1]1-'0'
aou II Vl-'[wv]
11 [q,vAa 1K~v
F. TEXTUAL RELATIONS
DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT Vlli
ISO
Za9:4
S.d TOUTO lllSou
i1lil
RECONSTRUCTIONS
Jo 2:7
103 :7
+++
~>
'p:l/il ('P:l/i1/'1)
Ka i m >
oi
M i 1:4
~N
'C7:ll/1 (?U7:lJ,I'1)
M i 1:4
WN/i1 (~N)
Jo 4: 2
(35 X )
ill >
Mi 1:7
n'7:I:l (?n':l ---)

;r7:l/!)~ (i"I7:l7:lz!/~)
Mi 2:7
,r/i"l (,z!'/i"I,I'1)
Mi 4:8
Mi4:9
+ + + (~:l:l,l1:)
nn (iln,I'1)
M i 5:6
+++
M i 5:6
Na 2: 14
(O'U/::I)
+++
:'1/:1:>-' (:'1:>/:1-')
'/~ (?i1/~)
N a 3:7
Na 3:9
~:) (~:),1'1)
Na 3: 15
''':l:)ni1 (',,:l:>nil/'1)
H a 1:6
+++
Ha 1:7
+++
H a 1:8
H a 1:10
'N:l'
K'lil ( ?K'lil/1)
Ha 2: 19
J::IN/~ <T::IN/~/1)
+++
+++
~O~5
--- ill
--- ill (TOU]

Ka,
Kal ll >
i\6yous
KUP<E ( I: 19 ))] >
Mywv III > (calc. of sp ace)
('nN)
('7:lN/")
Kan
'7:lN/1
+++
+++
Ka, III >
TIl
[TaK~]aOl;'[Tad
ill
>
ill >
14. 2 R = MT against
LXX in vocalization ( I 5 x + 5 x )
The reconstructed reading of the LXX appears in the right column, that of MT =
R in the
left one.
&./-,apTta
>
Oi'KOU JIl [vy,1/]
Eis ]]1 >
ci<pall'0J.L0V
Kai ill [TOU)
opt/ol ill [opt/ou]
(K Ba{3u>.wvo,]]] >
Kai m >
vtiv
(" (7) ])) >

Tois
>
[t/VEO''' ]]] >
1rtnTouoa (7) ]]] >
--- ill [TO]
ni\ijt/rk ill [apIA-a]
oou ill [auTijs)
aurfi ill [00.1
Kai m >
A ltltOnla
Ka;m >
(3apu,,~ aTl lll [KaTa{3apvv]91/Tt
TOUS ill >

f.LaX1/Ta, TIl >
e))]>
aUTOU 1)1 >
--- ill [li\daol/Ta.]
Ka, l]l
>
aUTO, ] [auhos
Ka, TIl >
T<iJ ]
}o z:6
}0 3:3
.,'C
-'~7~
}0 4:2
"":In
l oxo.Tf) ('1ic) ]] [loxo.]T'/, {d} ;>.os

Kat/w , ill [KaT)q.
D.ri>.'1OE ("~"~) TO PY1f.La
on].;
Ha 3: 10
Kai
TIl >
wS.v~aolJal
Ha ]: 12
.,N/::1 ('1N/:l,l'1)
]] [wSlV7) a]av
>.0,,01 ('j~")
ni\o"o,
fLOU]
Mi 1:6
'~7
is' ]
--- ]] nl
M i 3:6
iI:)z!n,
Na 3: 14
Ha 1:5
Ha 1:8
.,ec'
T:
1~?~
:l?~ '
Ha 1:9
H a 1:9
iI"~
H a 1: 16
Ha 2:16
H a 2:18
Ha 3: 10
Za 9:1
l~~
xo.os ('t'?) ]] .po.pa.yya

Ka; 1[K];";
OKOTla (il1~rm ]] oKoTao9(~OETaI]
r'mip rrMv80v (.~ + noun) ]] H >.. v8E[,10lJ
TI, JK8''1yiiTal ('~Q~) II [I K8''7Y] '7t/ii
Tijd]] >
.
'Apa{3las (:l'~) ] [E 01TE1 pa,
aVVT
IIEta (iI':':;,) ]ll1f]avTa
E;~
C1?~7
T T
riOEfJEl, (c~h,?) II riSIKlav

1i\{navE (~~) '] ] Ii\! navt/'7
n>''7af.Lo''';'v (n~.1') ]] ("E7T>.~o{t/'7S]
[7TllaaEV aUTO ("~) ]] .; 7T>.aOa, aUTO
aKop1,{CWV (Oj t) jj IvTlva[y};.ta
t/~a ta_ (;n,,~~) ]] KaTo.rra\i[al,]
n17:llt'
.T : - . T
,.,~.
o'::(t
ir"hl':)r
T
aVTOV
RECONST RUCTIONS
}0 2:3
Ha 1: 15
H a 3: 10
H a 3:] 3
'T-!sm;!
;r"'::;; .
Z a 3:7
"~n
T --:
-':l
96~t?
nN
A{(}'!1 ]
,~.n" ('~'n'/1)
J1l >
Eixppavtl~aEa9E
(1M7:lU?nf1)
[t/(O,)
Ka t
ell,
t1Swp
M i 1:5
Za 2:2
Za 2:8
Za 3:5
Z a 8 :19
7flJpOS
0'7:1/:> (0'7:1/:>,1'1)
O',:l" (0"::1"/1)
--- ]]) [Erna]
OnJ.Eu8r/oEm .
M i 1:4
Za 1:13
Kai ]]] >
(5 X )
Kpauyij, f.LOV ('J}~ ) ])] ((7rKallwo.f.L'7 v]
avvTe>.oav ( i1L;.~) )]] (1TaV'Ta]
nopElas ]]] (7T(;p~>.9EV] (noun)
TOU.
{TO U]
XP.UTOV, ("I'~)
U PIUTOU]
001) ]
.
rT]v DT[aS]
aii>...jv f.LOlJ ('}~rJ ) III [a ui\o., f.Lov]
("
Zp 1:2
Zp 1:4
Z p 1:5
~:l
Oll
O.,nnw/il nN/'1
t/Vf.L<tJ
1: 2
'1~p
+ + + (~"l)
Z a 1:3
Z a 1:4
ONl
mil"
I;oN (~N(1)
LXX= MT against R ( I 4 x + 3 x )
--- III [7TaVTa]

--- III ",(mil
IS.!
Ka , l K(a]!
The r econstructed Vorlage of R is written in the right column.
--- ]]J [TO us]

--- ]]J [7TpoaKWOUVTas]
Za
oPrYt v
1',yo.II'7v
ill > (cal c . of s p ace)
--- ]]] [MYEl]
--- ]]] (txt?]

Ka j]] >
p.~
151
Jo 3: 8
':l~(1
Mi 1: 1
M iS :3
Na 2:9
':)1;07:1
'"Tl'
n;:)':1/:)
Kaj]
ri7T
O'TpE apav ]] ~7!O r[P...p]E~ (:lr(1)
{3aotMwv ]] (3aal.Mws q"l':)
lUynJ.vvt/~ oTal (4) f.LEynJ.[ vvt/'71aovTa. ('~il')
wd) >
KoIIlJ1'{3~t/pa ] Koi\lJl-'[{3~t/paJ (n:)-,:'l)
15 2
DISCOVERIES IN THE }UDAEAN DE SER T VIII

Na 3: 1 I
nN
N a3 :16
~:J~'~/7;)
w,"n
Ha 1: 17
'f7;),n
Ha 2:8
Ha 2:8
;'1 /:n177;) (iI/l"17/7;)
aaTpa
/,,-~p{&.
Q.V-roV
TO
J]
QV'Tou ]
l w> D >
"TP
"n7;)
ilnK
oq,OaA/,,-WV
11
[~ 1l1'7Y~
(R agrees with LXX in the consonanta l reading [nl"l70] , but d.iffers in the internal division : R reads 1'I)"P7;), while the LXX
read iT'l"7;)
or 1'11'177;).)
TT '
T ... - ,. -
aaTpas
apTOS (V7;)"")
n>
153
aon)s ) [all]n)s
tmEp
&,..4>{{3AT) (JTpoV
Ha 2:6
Zp 3:7
II >
II w, ('J~'~/:l )
7"(; II TOUS
au
Ha 1: 16
F. TEXTUAL RELATIONS
n,.uiXa,pav (1/:1,")
15.4 Indecisive ( I X )
'l"TK
Z a 9:4
KUpWS
lJ ~[Pl
(See note in D on M i 1:2)
rivo) ]] >
aV]J >
1n?r
--- DKa, (1n?tI'('I
IQpHab)
OKvA.IJOOu
o']] OK tJAU[uovo{v]
afi
Zp 1:5
a..,nnw!iI nK,I'1
Za 2:8
Za9:S
::wn
Ka,
> (c..,nnW/ill'IK)
TOUS ) T[O]US
KaTO 'KT)O~afiTa, (4)
rK
Za 8: 19
;'1n7;);'/' n
KaO'T OS
TI[O~alS] (O'Tn)
(3 x )
RECONST RUCTIONS
~/"
11
--- nK[a]; (N,n n)
K"n
Za 8: 19
16.1 Data
1TpOOKVVOVV'TQ) ] 1Tpoa~[V1Iovv]Tas
Q,pfiTa' J qr.pfiTa' J
M i 4:5
16. Relation between Rand MSS of the LXX and H exaplaric sources
m>
fils ]]] >
xapav
Dl >
KW ill > (i1no;'/')
O s
J [roq,poauVTI]v
<vq,poauVTlv
15 2 LXX= MT against R in vocaliz ation (2 x)

Ha 2:4
Ha 2:4
i1"DP
T
II aKOT{a (;'17~~
fiuOfi,a ( iI'~'t)
lnroan{AT)Ta'
i1'~'
fivlioKfi'
II
The followin g list records the agreements between R and individual readings of MSS of the
L XX and ofthe Hexaplaric sources as recorded in Ziegler's ed ition. Sources are listed in the
sequence of their appearance in the apparatus. All sources listed to the right of the square
brackets agree with the reading of R against the other witnesses of the LXX . The + sign
refers to minuscules additional to th e m ajuscules ment ioned . T he Hexaplaric sources are
referred to as a', (1', (J', f' (Quinta), and anon.
St rong similari ty (rather than identity) wi th other sources is indicated as "'. T he obelos is
recorded as - .. T he following abbreviations are used for the versions: E for Aet h, A fo r
Arm , Co for Coptic (as well as B o, Sa and A ch), S y r for th e Sy ro-Hexapla, Syp for the
S yropalestin ian version, Ar for Arab , and L a fo r the Old Latin . (c) stands for the corrector,
e.g., W(c). Some evidence relating to the Coptic versions is q uoted from Barth.
Jo 2:4
{... }
flofi D >
f .roKAw oav 11 7TfiP'fiKuKAwa[1v
'l/:l:lO'
;'17~~)
)02:5
)0 2:5
'll~
o'::In/"
{"-flofi} /"-[d VLO C+ verss
Jt ] ~, v
av-rtqs '" a'8'
TOU]] > Cyr
Jo 2:5
"::l'iI
T(;V
Jo 2:5
1trTi'
) 0 2:6
)0 2:6
WIll
f7TI{3MYJa'
15 3 R differs f rom both

M i 2:8
L X X and MT ( 6 X )
07;)'P'
aVTOTT)
(R probably reflects '7;)'i", while the L XX possibly reflects

M i 2:8
'::,Iti
(R probably reflects
Mi s:3
II
[av u 1UTT)aav
C'i''' although
auvTp,floflo0v
it could also reflect M T. )
11 ~7T![aTpa<p~aov]Ta'
,::,r and the LXX a noun " JW.)
'JtI'n
'f'lJK'/"
--- (4) ]] Ka,
tmapgoua,
II
7T'OTpa<p~aovTq,
Jo 3:3
}0 3:3
:"I'jnnD/:l (?;'1/l'InC/:l)
J]) >
'l/~'l:):"I/?
liwvo{gouOl
nw?w
Jo 3:4
N1J /?
}0 3: 8
'Jr(1
ary
~ II T~V
Kfi<pa'\~
nTOU aKo[p7T{a]a, ~f1o'is
(R reflects MT with one difference ['U~'t);'1"] , while the V orlage of the LXX is not clear.)
Ach Sa
lJ Kfiq,a>"~v
Ach Sa
KaOws]] [lCnT1",- BSVOLC + Thph Luc
.Aa'\T)afi II TO p~floa
{ .. -Tp,WV } ] Tp'W[V] OC+ Syp T hph
~flofiPWV
J o 3:8
' /:l""T/7;)
III >
'TOU
<lafi>"6iv
(LXX differs from MT, wh ile R prob ably reflects a different vocalization of M T based on a noun ;'1l~l},? )
H a 3: 14
vaov 1
TOV]] > 49 (c) 233'
ay,ov ]
J,ov
aou]
.pux:f!s 1W'BSAQ L + L a A
.axaTT) ]] [faxa]TT) , {d} lAos Ach Sa
;liu ]] 7T<p,aX[fi]v A ch Sa
TP'WV
TfJll >
aVT~ S
" :l"T / ~
0'7;)'
fV (6) ]
Taq,p<tJ ]] 7Tapae[ ,<p,"]
[,]
floOU] Ach Sa
(R refl ects M T, though with different vocalization; LXX may re flect t/t' .)
Mi 5:5
'1'0
W1::m
17 TI{3,\NJ(;t
II > AQOC verss
Kat
J K q..~
111 [7TOpfiuw(;l]n,
a7TfOTpfi.pav
nb.rOT[pfi.p]fi~ 130' Cyr
anoD EK 407
T~sl
- AVOLC Q + verss
olio'; I ellio[v)
nOTo,; ] lal~[To,;]
F . TEXTUAL RELATIONS
D ISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII
'54
Jo 3:9
J1V7'
--- n1T![O)T[PE,pH) C + T ht Hi
Clnl/1
cl m (Ka,]
/",Ta~OT/ot ] 11'aela.... A7)O..]ocra)' ~ L' +
f\,n/l:l
Jo 3:10
CI/:I"~
i1l1'm
ClMl'/1
Jo 4:1
V'
Jo 4:2
"DTl'/1
Mi
{,wx- }
1 :1
'M"/1
-- 'it'it
WX
Mi 1:1
Mi 1:3
Ka; ]
Ka;]
{iT'it - }
':1'1;)
"'/'1
WBVL +
Ka,11 > - C Syh E Thph Hi
Y~CTO)) > - C S yh E T h ph Hi
--- ]] {os1 C S yh E Thph Hi
--- 11 [JYEVETO] C S yh E Thph Hi
fjaOlMwv Dfjo.atMw s A + Ar
7T,~~aTQ.'
Kat
Mi2:7
Mi 2:7
,:.1:1....
ElOi
, ,,i1
TltmlTl
Mi 4:3
Mi 4:3
Cli'1'/l'lJ'"
Oit'/1111'ln /1
Mi 4:3
{"P.. .} " '
Mi4:3
{"11 .. . }
Mi ~ 4
Mi~4
Mi ~4
Mi ~5
W"K
Mi4:6
K'"
'::1
mK:l3
"/i1' K Oli/::J
'WK/1
'1131'i1
Mi 4:7
'nr.li'/1
Mi4:7
tli'1'/'ll
'i1/J
Mi4: 7
,11"
C"P
Mi S: 1
KaTo fj..]oer al ) Korafj..]ocTal W'BVQOL'C' + verss

Ka, ] Ka[I') ASVLWQOC + verss
'01:11/1
m Tl:l/1
Sa a'
1TpO O7).J~aTo )] ?J[Poo] c ~~ aro
Mi l:4
Mi4:3
D>iq[vl'7)oc~1 W(c)
Kat
1" /1
Mi2:8
m
n
0lJ1'xv9'T/
on' 11':2
m
n
oaAW()..] OCTal
(TaKT/]ao':'lTal] Q' - (f
KaAol )) [>iY]~9u vav - a'
1TC1TopCUVTal [1TOpCU0I')EI'OV a'{f?
;~ESf:lpa~ Il l~cSua{oTE] 0'
Kall
KaTaKo,pOVOI ]] OVYKotJ.ov[aw) Just Eus
Tas
pOI'4>atas )) fL<1.xa{tp as] VOLT' + Just Or Eus Th T h t Thph
a VTW~ J [a.rrwJv
Kat]
nl )) nlS W' NQ + Just O r Eus Cyr BasN

SopaTa]] OIf3.i[va,] W 'A'Q + Just O r Eus Cyr BasN a,,Bwa,)
a,iTwv ] (a]vTwv
Ka j)
OVKh, I'~ Dou I'~ 80 Just
Itat
OVKETI I'TJ ]) ov I'r, VA'Q. + Syp E AT Just Eus Cyr BasN

(KaOTO, ]] a..r,p Just
S'OT' 11 .h[,] C'V + Just Eus Thph
1TQVTOr<PCiTOpo, II [TW]V ,}[vva]~[cwv] Just
TT,V ill [v cl~0l'aTLJ
o,}ov]) [9c)ou an on - J ust
athou 11 aVTwv Just
Kat
oil, ]] -91' J ust S a A ch (Barth.)
d1TwOal'7)v ]] r<a{Kwaa) Just Sa Ach (Barth.)
Ko.t
9~o0l'al
Mi s: z
" tnN
M i 5: 3
i111'/1
M i 5:3
+++
+++
+++
,~
]) d4>' V
)] 9..]aw 147-26 Just

irr' aVTovS' ]] 'TT' avrwv J ust
1' )
--- ]] T<fJ J ust

opo ]
l, )) > Just
TOV ]] TaU 198 239 Just
alwl'a 11 alwvo, 198-239 Just
B7)IJAHI' OrKO'i (z) O;KO[, ""1 W Ach Sa
TWV ( 3)
dJjA<pWV
aUTwv)] aVTo u L+ La Ach Sa A Th T ht H i a'a'O'
Kai (4) ]] > C H i

G.J;H al ]) > C Hi
TO ]) > CH i
" O {I'~IOV II > C Hi
aUTou ]] > C Hi
I'EyaAvv9rional (4) )] I'cyaA[ uv9ri)oovm, SVAQOC verss patres
aKpwv (4) J] 1TcpaTwv a'
Aaaovp (5) ] B + Ach (most MSS: doavpw,)
ST/Yl'am (5) ]] apx ovm, A - ()'
TOU (6) ]) > 86" Tht
Nc,Bpw,} ]
lv (6) ]
T)) ]) >
TlJ.<ppw ]] 7Tapa~[""'''''] Sa (G rossouw)
auT1j; ]]]
.
1TEAfJn (6) )] W in C + T h ph
aypwoTlv (7) ]) X6[PTOV) o'fJ' Ach
Ka, ]] > Ach
fL VTJ ofJ..]ooVTal ]) I'v7)09..]oCTal
Ka,]] > C S yh -:
> EU ~OVTal )) > C Syh -:
Mi 5:3
"1'
Mi 5: 3
Mi 5:4
Mi 5:4
MiS:S
'ODN
M i 5:5
i1'{nTlD/:
M i 5: 5
Na z:6
N'::l'
::li'l1
,:IT''
Na 2:6
+++
Na 2:6
C/l'l1:>"i1/ ::J (K) C/11::1'''i1/: (Q)
v
)
rfi )) Tai, A ' Bo
1TOpC{q. ]] 1Topcla[lj<; A' Bo
Na2: 7
l'l1,i1l/i1
Na
Na
Na
Na
nD DTl~
TWV)
1TOTal'wv] S (other MSS: 1ToAcwv)
>fJeyyol'cval )] a1To>9EyY[O]I'EV[WV] - 36-49
KaTa,B..]oCTal ]) a1To1T(7)S~OCTal] W Ach BasN T h ph a'
SE IAata II [TETaAal)1T<..Jp7)KE[V) ~ Bo
aPl'ooal ]] >
xopSriv, JJ J.Lr, - a' 0'
f.Totl'aaal ]] dy a9vvc" a'
I'cp {Sa]] ,b[i p vw) -a'{f
Al'wv
' WN
':1'01
,'7:)l
M i 5: 6
~I'Epa,
)) > C Syh -:
avrwv ] a~TWI!
z:8
3:7
3:7
3:8
i'"
iti,li
':ltl'Tl/i1
Kl/~
'f'I I;)N
Na 3:9
I:I'D
N a 3:1
Ol
TlN i
Na 3:14
Na 3: 15
1:"1;)
Na 3:16
':::1'::1~
, ::J::1Tlil
i" ' /::1
Tr,., ))] >
>vy1j, ]] >ovS - L' + 68 Th H i Tht Thph A
Ka, ]] [KJq.{ yc A'Q + Bas N
au ]] > 130'
1J1TP 1T.\{v9ov 11 (1T)ALVfJC['1ov a' a'
--- DKaTa,BapVl'fJ7)T!
w[, ,Bpouxo,] - VC + S y h T hph H i
U1T~P J]
VSC Bo A S pec Hi
--- n
TO.
H a 1:5
'7:)'/7:)
~I'EPW ~ ) ~I'[cpwv]
)) a1To L' + Chr Th Tht
dPYl1>
{Ou,.wu]
(1770 ]
T(.O ~
T1j~ r 30 ' Bo Chr Luc
.lSWv )) [dIlo)u J 30' Bo Chr L uc
a,"wv] a,"[wv]
nvv )) H s 130' Bo Chr Luc
1TOV7)pW ~ ]] 1TOV7)p.[as] 130' Bo Chr Luc
,
Kal
/un vo1/ocl' D[1Tap)f~A..] 1i7] a'
;~
Jo 3:9
Mi S:1
'5 5
H a 1:6
H a 1:6
Ha 1:8
+++
'::1
'::1
'~/iI
:'17
WD
w, -
II TOUS'
aOT pa II aOTEpa,
"at ]] > C S y h -:
a>av{o(7) TE
> C Syh ~
S,6T' 1] OT! Act
SlOT! 11 OT! A
TO 1TIKPOV ) (sequence) WBSVO LC +
Tr,., ]]] >
'Apa,Bta, ]] [o7TElpa,
a'
Ka; ]
J{L1T7TaaovraL ]] oPfL~[aovaLv] '" a
H a 1:9
n'::1
OvvTEAla
II [1T)aVTa
a'
15 6
DISCOVERIES 11\ THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII

Ha 1:9
cn'lll)
--- II
TOU a'
TTpoo(lnToLt; ]) TTpo a6nTov a
n /~"p
Ha I: 10
Ha I: 10
Ha 1: 15
o'pn'
pnw
1/7::I"n/::l
Ha 1:15
' '1'"
Ha I : 1 5
+++
Ha 1:16
'~"n/'
aUTwv ]
it J"aVTta,
II Kavawv a' Ach
iVTpuq,~aL
IJ [ivl1Ta{tL
II
7Ta,yvLa
vn'r.I::Ir.lI'
I: 16
lr.ltU
I : 17
'~"n
Ha 2:1
n:::l ~'1'\ac"
n,ac'l'
Ha 2:3
nC'/1
Ha 2:3
Ha 2 : 3
H a 2:4
:::Il::l'
nr.ln~n'
w mr.llC/::l
--- n
Th Tht Hi
Kai(16)
ac'/1
Ha 2:6
1/'
Ha 2:7
l'/::ItUl
Ha 2:8
n1'\ac
n'~
Ha
2:
14
Ha 2:1 5
c'
'P
n ptU~
II
[TlfjI
aay~'7I ]] [d ,..q,L{3A1jlaTp'1J W'VA'Q' + Co A, Cyr BasN
TciJ II TiJ W'V A'Q' + Co A , Cyr BasN

d,..q, LPA1j aTP'1J II aa[y1jvnl W'VA'Q' + Co A, Cy r BasN
fA{7TaV f)\L7Tav8TJ Wee)

TO II > VC' + T hph
d.,..q,'W'TJaTPOV II /LaxaLpav 86marg Bo
I 86marg Bo
Kai]
f7TL{3~aO/-LaL
TOU]]
i8,v
II
aT1}[Awao/-LaL) Ach (Barth. )
> C
I i8[,vl
II atlTOU
H a 2:16
Ha 2: 17
Ha 2:17
Ci1'/"'Pr.I
np:::Iw
o~n
'~'/r.I
Ha 2: 17
n',p
Ha2:1 7
n/::I
Ha
1!'~'
18
Ha 2:19
lac,n
Ha 2:19
V::I'P/::l
c',n
Ha 3: 10
a'
ou8iv /-L~ D Kat ou T hph

A1j!'4ovmL II A1j.p[Ta.1 S 239
oVTa II >
aUTou 3 II aUTciJ 26 2 39 544
8aKVOVTS ]
aUTov at W (c)
au II > BSV +
faKVAuaa, ] la[K]VAUaa~
aUTov~ II [f7TiI8aAaaa[TJsI - L'CV + A C hr Cyr Th T ht Thph Hi
Ach S yh
onT{ciJI anon
Td
II [7ToT{~ovTI~L
ill Hvl
aUT1)v II fV [auTjii VC + Syh Thph H i

{7TAaan II 0 7TAa;"a~ - 8'
aUTO
Kat]] >
aUTO II aUTo~ W +
v a VTljJ ]] V H-ucjJ aVTov a'
Aao{ II OpTJ a' 0' 8'
11 [ltE'hc&woa{,l
fg1jylpa~
8a/LOu S D !JU..\{ou ~
8uitf;aA/-La afA '
'l~'Dn/'
--- nTOU
--- D~fLii~
II
'
Bo (Barth .)
~ 8'
aKo[p1T{alat a' a '
--- DTO
1'\::1"
II yaup,a/-La a ' a'

aun,w J
loDwv [fa)8{wv VOLC + patres
Aa8p9- II KPUq,iJ - a ' a'
Ka t 11 > 71 1 A ch A Ambr
C'tU1,
hpouaaAwJ.
XaA LVOtJ~
Ha3:1 4
Ha 3: 14
Ha 3: 15
'::Iac/'
"nor.l/::I
f7T{3{{3aoa~
Zp 1:4
Zp 1: 4
O"I:I:I/il
Zp 1: 5
nac"
Zp 1: 5
Zp I: I 3
Zp I: 14
Zp 2 : 10
c"nntUt.:I/i1 nac,,2
Za 1 :1
Za 1: 3
Za 1:4
Za 1:4
Za 2:2
+++
+++
cp
"p
mac::l~
,ac
n,ac::l~
C'tU1"'!1
Za 2:3
Za 2: 16
:117::l"ac
, n:::l"
Za 3 :4
TJ'17/~
Za 3:4
Za 3:5
'I:IT"
l /nac
'1'l~ lil
- anon
07T1j ..\aLa II [daXTJ/-Lo a]vVTJV A ch a'

aunov I a~[ noll'
7TATJa/-Lov~v II fV1T A1ja(81)sl Ach
aoi{3ou ]] &,SI.K(q. a
8Ld II 8L' VOLC + patres
aL/-Lam I
--- ] Q + (other sources: Kai)
1TOAw~
2:
a'
.wl>aAd,11 [K <f> aAT}].. Ach (Barth.)

av6/-Lw v t oi'Kou Ach (Barth.)
8avaTOV 11 [aalf{3[ov~1 Ach (Barth.)
.,,0'
l'I'O
mil'
fK II fV n'
nfVT'.,n[yy.a a' a'8'
J'l"p
ojrtr,p
Kat
aVanAL II fvq,av1jOT[aLI Ach (Barth .)

i~ KvOV 11 [oha</JL~amL a' a' A ch (Barth.)
uanp1jar! II aTpay{yvOT/mLI a'
aKo p7T'~WV
157
~ D > 26- 2 39
a{3 uaao~ I apv aa'?[~1
8r.avo{to val
x ap,mL W
S(e)VC Adr Syh Th H i
KapS{a II > S (e)VC Ach Syh Th Hi
aUTou II > S( c)VC Ach Syh Th Hi
7TOT {~ WV
Ha 2: 15
Ha 3:1 3
Ha 3: 14
xap~amL ]]
~ (16) lJ >
Tjj
(Wi")
- PtU, (n'::l/r.I)
Ha 3:1 3
diUl)L{3A~aTP'1J I [d/-Llq,L{3A~ aTP'1J

aUTou L' + La Co E A
/-LOU
,aevr
IDle,
fV
7Tt(TTfW'i Jl 1T{OTEL
Ha 2:5
H a z:6
Ha 3:1 3
o'l'In
--- III [Tlfjl
a thou
Ha 2:1
o"r
n'::I~
aUTOU ) [auTJo u
Ha
Ha
Ha 3:10
Ha 3:10
- a'
y{.rAwS"] a' -a'
aV70V ]
Ha 1:16
F . TEXTUA L RELATIONS
Za 3:7
01"
"Il:ItUn
Za 8:20
Za 8:23
Za9:1
+ + + [C':,]
c'n,ac
vnnlr.l
--- II no[v]
DIv .rn.[v~1
II EO'
Lp[ouaaAwJ.] L + La Cyr
--- Dfxw/-LalpL/-L - 8'

Ka t IJ > 407 Cyr
TO tJ, 1 T[O] U~
--- nK[al, [TOU~ 7TpoaKuvouvTa~1 (calc. of space) BSC +
--- 1--- W
OTt JI > C
Cypr (other MSS add: fV
--- nAaov L' +
Ach T h Tht
Tov ]1 > C +
KUP <OII ]] ~[pl
A88w .~8w V + Th
7TavToKpaTwp 11 [n;)v 8Juva/-Lwv BA' LC+ La Syh A Th Tht Hi

Ka< II > 449' E Cyr
/-L~
7TavToKpaTwp DTWO' 8uva/-Lwv Hi
-- (1 : 19) JD [K a1]
--- m[~vl
-- ]] Lpo u[aaATJ/-LI BSVCL + T h Tht

T.raaapa~ (I :20) II [T.raaalp~ S Q.
I(ai (1 2)
a'pTLI 11 [l KA ltfTaL Just
--- II a7TO L'C + E A Th T ht H i
-- ]] oo~ L'C + E A Th Tht Hi
aUTov II af E
I(ai )]
;."t8TJ Ka.ll fmf8TJK[avI BSVOC + (sequence)
-- )] T~V 407
K{8apLv ) KL'8[apLVI
Kat Ka{ yf W A'Q + Cyr BasN
8 L(1q,uAatn~ II q,[uAlag.. ~ - A + Cyr
7T0)..,\0<]] > 490 E Cyr
oII
> BA + BasN
80 ~
8uata
II
KaTa7Ta,![aL~)
- 147 198 534 Cyr a'
aUTou
':I
0)."
i1r.1::1n
Za 9 :2
Za 9 :2
Za 9: 4
l'Il/tU,,,
Za 9:5
K,n
Syh
a .l Ta'~)
II OTt Q' T h t
D Ka t y E" a '
8LOTt
Ka,
lq,p6vTJaav II [.']q,pOVTJafV VC + Tht

KATJPovofL1j a1 J [KATJPOVO J/-L 1jan
aUT~V ]
WAQO
-- ]] K[a]! L + E
O,pmL I q[.pTaLI
15 8
I
6.2 Conclusions
The full analysis of these data is somewhat complicated since much relevan t evidence is
excluded, in particular disagreements bet ween R and the aforement ioned sources.
Furthermo re, some of t he agreements bet ween R and the other sources, while appearing to
be significant, when viewed together with the disagreements, are less important. Most of the
agreements mentioned above have also been discussed by Barth., but the disagreements
there are not covered by his monograph. In spite of this it is clear that R agrees especially
w ith Sym, Aq. the so-called 'Th' and the so-called Q u inta , as well as with codex W of the
LXX, the biblical te xt quoted by Just (with reference to the quotation from lVli 4:3- 7) and
the Coptic trans lations. The text of the biblical quotations of Just also reflects a very literal
translation (beyond t he aforementioned citation from Mi) so t hat it is quite certain that
these quotations reflect R. (At the same time , the running commentary of J u st reflects the
LXX text rather t han a literal r e ndering of th e type of R. This mixture of text types b elongs
to the textual transmission of Just an d reminds one of that of the writings of Philo.)
For more full data on the relat ion between R and these sources, see Bart h. 205- 70. Mere
statistics about t h e agreements between R an d the mentioned sources are of limited value
because of the fragmen tary state of preservation of t hese sources, and they do not
disting uish between different types of agreements: C (38), V (28), Aq (23 ), Sym (22), L (22),
W (21), Ach (18), A (18) , Just (15),0 ( 14), Q ( 15) , C yr (14) , Tht (14), Hi (1 4) , Thph (14), B
(12) , 0' (12) , Th (II), Syh (9), A rm (9), BasN (8), Eth (8) , S (8) , Bo (7) , Sa (6), La (5), Ar(4),
Quinta (3).
INDEX
THE index contains all words of which a t least one letter has been preserved. For words (especially verbal
forms) whose base form wou ld have occurred at a different place in the alphabet t he base form (the first person of
t he present) is provided in the appropriate place. Unusual spellings (such as el/Lan a) are listed according to the
standard spelling. All words are listed exactly as th ey occur in the reconstructed text, including accents,
diacritical marks and hyphens .
ftt7 4: 33; 8:6,4 0 ;

B2:3 . 5
[tx]n 2:28
t~lJ
):11;
18: 16 ,24,39; 28:37,42; 31 :38 ;
4 :27; 8:39; 20:3 2; 28:34,38; 31:37
txt[l] 3:3 6
tx[P] 7:39; 2 2 :42; 31:36 ; B2:1 3
WrJp
T41
[t]Xf'1 2 1:29,37
[t!rf]? BI:12
[d] IfI7K6a~v B 2:2
aKp{, 15 :34
a'\a~wv 17:3 I
d-[A~(hwv] BI:9
cL\ [o Jn[ al
,) 19:34
[U/L) apT{av 4 :38
a/L/Lov 16:3 8
D./L7TEAOV 7= 3 7
d/L7TEAwlI[a, ] 2 1 :26
[a/LJ4,,{3'\~aTp'fl 17: 1 2
d{3pa l 14:7
"A{3vaao, 2:40
a{3vaaq[,] 19:29
aya[8a] 29: 38
aya8Vvl,
15: 1 I
[-?YJ48vvav 6: 2
a. [ya1T17oa7] B J: 10
[a]YYEAoS" 31 :36, 37
[ayy] ~oS" 30:29
ciy{~ 18:40
0:[y],6v 2:39
a[yp)ov 4:41
ayw: ay[ol/Lv[a], 14:7

/f.O"1S" 17:3 2
&,liIK!f!. 18:25
[a]oIKlas 3:29
dO'KtaV 18: 28
d[TO,] 16: 35
d8pollou] I T 35
a8V/LEw: 1}Q[U/L'/ov] 3:35
a8ep- [ov] 2:24
air[V1TTO,] 15: 14
[a 1]/La 2:24
ai/LaTa 18:27
[a tX-]/La.\w [at1~ 15: 16
alX/LaAwolav 16: 38
alwvos 8=7
ax o[uaan ] 4:30
[D./L4>,{3'\~]aTp'fl IT 15
a ~wv] 20 :25
ctvaYl
vwaKwlI 17 :25
[avaKpa- ]y 29:39
avaTp[o7TV] 18: 19
dvaa7TClw: D.VEa7Taav 17: I I

dv7}p 7 :36,17:31
a[vr)p] 3:28
aVQ[pa] 23 :37
av8a-PYI 7= 34
[av8] p.w-7TO, 20: 27
[av8pw-]7TO! 3:23
av8pw7Tw[V] 9=4
av- [8pw7T]WV 18:27

[av-]8pW7TWV B2 : 5
[av8pw]7TOV, 21:36
av{aTTJ/L1: dva uT~ uovTa, 17: 3 9
4vo[']X8 [~uovTa,] 15:27
1}votx 8,/uav 14: 5

[&1'71 a1',/aav 6 =4
dVV7T6 [OTO,] 5:4
[a7TEvuvT]' 3:44
d7TO 3:29,3 1,32; 18:40 ; 3 1:3 1
4[7T0] 4 :36
d[7TO] 3 1:16
d7T' 8 :3 5
0.4>' 8 :35
Cbo'[Ktav] 15: 16
160
a1TOKaAwTw: d-7TK [a] ~V4>8[1)J 14:6

a7rolCp{vw: a1ToKp,6[w] 17:2 2
a1Tf.Kp{61) 17:23
[a1ToKTlVJIIfL]1;' 17: 19
ciTroAAu!J.': aTrOA[ tiJ!J.]6a 3:3 1
a1TtiJ-[ATO]
8:12
[chr- ]tiJ[AOVTO] 23 :35
a1To1T[1]S7)aTa,]
15:8
anoplas 21:31
a1Topp{1TTW: [ahr~ppH,pa s 2: 3 5
aTrOaK01T
UaW 17: 21
a1ToaTlAAw: a[ 1T'Jq'mMv 3:42
a1T0.p6y?,[
0],.tE'v(wv] 14:8
g.1Tw[ a!J.a,] 2:38
ap[yupw v] B2: I I
[apyu ]poiiv 18:38
apoTpa 7:3 3
apTOS 17: 16
d.PX~ 8:9
d.[pJx~s 8:35
ap~ [o] vTa 8:3 4
apxovTaS 9:4
cial{J,a 4:39
[aah"-{J[ovs] 19:36
[aa]6v
7)aouatv 14:2
[aa]q[v7)uoua,v] 14:38
Aaaoup 9:1.5 (aaaovp) ,7
aarlpas 15:35
d a [Tpan~s] 19:31
[auXl1!J.oa]W7)v 18: 21
aTf ,[x{a]Twv 19:40
[aTHx{u]Ta s 30:32
atiTos 18:36
avr[os] 16:38
[a uhos [6:40
aVTov 8: 35 ,38 ;
14:1 ; 16:3 ,34; 17:12,1 3,15, 17 ,

18,29,3,37; 18:39,4 1 ; 19: 39,40; 3 1 :30 .35
[avTo]ii 2:32; 31:29
[aN[Toii] 3:28
<;z[vToii] 3:31
[auT]o[ ii] 6:5
aU[Toii] 7= 37 ;16:32
a,;lT]oii 7=38
[atiT]ov 17:16,36
a~Tov 18:33
[a]vToii 18:40; 19:30
aur[oii) 31 :20
aVTcp 17=38
aVTov 9:3
[avT)ql' 6:38
[av] T6v 17:28,35
[avhov 17:34
aUT~
15:16; B2:16
aVT7) 22 :40
aVriis 2: 4 2 ; 4 :43,44,45; 14:7
a[un ]s] 4: 31
[a]uT~S 5:1
aU[T]fls 15:14
[au]n7S 15:19; 23:40
aU[T]~ [S]
15:20
[auT]V 18: 30
aUT~v
B 2:14
[auTNv 23:41
[au- ]T7)v B2:7
aUTO 18:31.3 1,33 ,37
aUToL 14:10
aVTwv 7:40; 8:6; 16:3 7; 19 :4 1; 21: 27
aVTWI;' 14:2
<;zvrc.iJ1;' 3: 29
aur[wv] 3:32
aVT[wv] 3:33
[auT]wv 6: 39
[auTw ]v 7 :33; 21:38
[a ]uTwv 7: 34
av[n u]v 18:21

a[uTwv] 21:40
aUTw,:, 22 :41
aUToLS" 1T 1 6
[au]ToLS" 3: 34
atiT[oiS"} IT41
aUToi{s] 22:40
[av]TouS" 28:35
a[v-TovS] 28:40
[avX]!J.tiJS1]S" 8:8
d[ .pIATf]
3 1 : 29
[dcpn-p1]K]a 31 :30
{JaaA 20: 36
{JaQ[os] 2:35
[{J]<;z~~! 16 =4 1
{Ja.\o v[atv] 15 : 19
{JaP.[HS] 9:2
{J]apuvwv 17:38
{Jaat- [A
VS] 8: 1 I
{Jaa,MwS" 4: 29
[{JaOL- A]
v[ a,v] 16: 38
{JOl!V{~w : {JoUVtaH B2: 1 1
8[P ]w!J.a 17: 1 7
yaupla!J.a 19:4 1
INDEX
yf. (Katyf.) 15:16, 17,21; 18:22; 31:40,41; B2:7

[Y]f. (Kal )' ) [5 :22
y[ Aws] 16:39
[yw aaa- ]6waall 3:24
yij 18:41
y;
y~S
19: 27
8:42; 18:28; 20:32
Y[~S] 20:27
y~ 1I
9:5,6
Y{Yllo!J.a,: ydvf.[a6]
28:39
yAV7TT6v 18:30
yAUTrTa 4 :44
yAvcpw: [lYAI1l/I]v
18:31
[y]vocpou 21: 33
[ypcU/sa] , 17:24
[ywl"J<;Zs 21:35
161
Swa!J.WI'
28:42
c5[lWa]!:'[wv
] 7:39
[c5uva- ]!J.[wv
] 18: 1 (
[c5]uval"
wv 28: 36
SUl'a!J.[ wl'] 28:37
[c5U]Vcl!J.f.WI' 28:39
[Sw-]a[!J.wv
] 29:40
c5u[va!J.(jJV]
31 :38
c5uva-lJuwv] B 1: 12
Suvaarwv 14: I
[c5]uuf.'Tat 6: 4 2
'Eav IT27
lauTov: l aTov 17:38
[',8So- J!J.?} [KoaTov] 29:35
lyyus: Jvy vs 2[: 27,28
lyw 16:25
SaKVOVTS
17:40
[ly]w 2:38
Sa!J.aaKov B2:4
J!J.ov 2:42
~ 7=41
!J.ou 2:4 1; 3:37; 17:20 ; 20:33; 31 :39.40 ,41

S
{KVU!J.I: l [SH~V] 3 I : 18
(}t] o[u] 22:38

SI[ Ka] Bl:29
l!J.oL 17: 22
[S~tW]1I 31: 20
!J. o , 8:33; 17: 23
SIX0!J.al: [81- )~a, 23:38
l!J.
2:37
Sui 5:3; 8: 36; 17: 17,1 8

!J. 2:4 0
S[,a] 6:40
!J.[]
2: 35,3 6
LI,a 17: 13,14; 23:41
S c5w 28: 3 3
LI [,a] 22 :33
l6vos 7:35; 8:5 ; 16:26
S,' 18:27
[6v[os-] 7:35
~M{JOAOS] 3 1:20
16v1] 17: 19.34.4 2
SWp77ayas 17:41
[J8]vwv BI:31
[o/appN{w 13: 2 1
El 17:17
[S,a-cp6dp]aT
23 :41
i'SwAa 18:34
[S]!a,pUUTa,
17:27
[dJc5wAa 5: 1
Salw!J.': [StiJ a]w 31:42
d!J.l : [aTtv 7:38
c5tiJ[aH] 8:36
'[a]Ttv [8:39
[lSW]KV
19:28
[lan]v 30:13
StipX0!J.a,: c5,AuaTa,
t 6:4 2
[
l- ]l'aL 8:32
St~A-[60v] 2: 3 7
[t]l;'at 8:34
c5laTfTpa{vw : LltiTp1][aa]s 19:39

O[VTO,] 3:37
S(7)Y1](1t.. IT 3 7
ta?) 17:41
[c5(7)p77 a~]ov 14 : II
la[Ta ,] 8: 42
[St 7)pTra~o]v 14: 12

l7r(~ 2:38
[StJlCawS" 17=3 0
t11T[a] 23: 38
SO~1]s 18: 22
[So]~1]S" 30 :42
S6{av 18:25
[Sp1-~ava 7 :34
Spoaos 9:10
Suva!J.I[I'] B2: 15
[TrV
28:38; 3 1:2 1,28
[[Trv]
3:14
IT37
[lp]i
dp7)l'1]v B I: 10
i S" 2:42; 4:3 2 ,4 2; 7:33,42 ; 8:4 .5; 9:7 .8; 15 : 16 ,3;

16:3 6 ; 17= 41; 30 :34
162
DI S COVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VII!
Ei, (cont.)
[EI1'! 2:35; 9:1
e[i,] 2:41
~i,
3: I 3
ei[,] 4 :41
16:27
en,]
~[ i]~ 16: 4 0
el,: p.fav BI:16

K 3:28; 20:3 5
'EK 8: 3 3
[l ]K 18:22
Y 5: 1
~~ 2:3 8
[l ]{ 13 :23
~ 19:3 6
[EKOL1)Y)1)Bii 16:25
lKOVW: l~eOVa[a'TE] 6: 5
[EKE]Llv]1) 21: 30
EKELlvaL,) BI: 28
l K-[BAtljlw] 21: 35
[l KTEO'\IP.P.t'v1)]1;' 8:4
[EKK a]Vuw 14:26
[KKE v]waEL l Tr 8
[E~E)~t'vwaa[,] 19: 37
[l KM-)~ETaL 31 :14
EKvry4>W : f YV1)ljIov 18 :35
yv~[ljIova]fv 17=40
KlTETawvp.L : ~ElTe [ 1'Oa87] ] 15:36
lK1TLt'~W : [lKlTE1TLeap.E11;'1)v 8: 5
KlT[opEvnaL] 4:33
EKc/>av["] 17 :24
r[K c/>o,8wV) 7= 3 8
~Ae~ [p.]C!iv 3 :39
; Ao, 2AI
EP.ae B2:7
EP.[,8pLp.~aEL] 19:33
p.no, 18:24
EP.lT {P.lTA1)P.L: 'Ev7rA~a-[(1), ] , 8: 21
p.lTpoaOEv: vlTpoaO[ev) 6: 3
EV1TpoaBEv 28:4]
EV 3:29; 4:2 8. 32; 8:6.33 .34, 39,4,0; 9: 5 ,6; 14:2,26 ;
15:12; 17= 16,30; 18:29,3 9,4 0 ; 19:33 ,39; 20:34,41;
B2:3.16
[l]v 15:26; 17: 22; 21 A I
l J'o.VTIC!S 2: 3 8
lVO L[ K]OVvTWV 18:29
[II )7Ta {~EL 16:39
1I7T a fl~ETaL) t6:40
1I7![Ept]lT[a1'OUVTuS] 3 1:4 2
lP.1TIP.17pTfP.L: lll7T p~aov[ aLII] 4:45
lIlT L7TAaP.[ElIO,] 17: 33

1I1'etvw: 'EVTE L- [VE,] 19:42
fIlTl'va[y]p.a 19:28
l vc/>avryaET[aL] 1 T 26
f~aLlc/>V1)h 17:39
E~a.p.a.p'TCiIlW: r [fr/p.a]p',!C;>[v] 21 :37
l~EY[Ep)~i', 19:25
~E-[yt'p01)TI] 18:35
[i~Ey~yep - ]TaL 3 I : 16
l~t'pxop. aL : ~ [eAEVa - ]TaL 8:33
[i~AeVaE1'a]L 16: 31
;gOSOL 8: 35
f6Swv B2:13
[fgo..\]Ope[uaw} 14:28
~[g] oA[eBpeu]aw 20:35
[E~ O -A]EOpEUaEL 15:31
gwa- [p.t'V7]v] 8: 2
E7T!ipaeL 8:40
17eyt:poup..lI 9: 3
171 3:33; 8:3 8; 9: 2; 14:3; 18:23,33; 20:33; 22:42;
31 :33,35
[]17[1] 20:38
17! 21 :34
17' 8:6; 9:3; 18: 33
[]17' 2:37
c/>' 1T3 8
[f]4>' 7: 35
m,8ii 9:2,8
f7Tft.l[ MlTeLll] 18:20
INDEX
fp-[yOV] 16:23
pya 3 :3 2
'Pxop.evo, 17:28
E'A8T/ 9:1,7
[E'\ ]OWatv BI : I 3
f1AEUaeTaJ, 8:9
[EAEU}aOVTaf B I: IS
[a]8fwv 19 :42
[;aOo ]VTO, 15:25
[c/>]ayt:Lv 16:36
[a7Te1 pa, 16: 33
[I1Xa]T1) 2 :41
;TE-[p0S') 30:29
En 3:37; 7: 36
[fTh 17:2 5
ETOLfLoae[ L] 14: 3
eV8ELa 17:29
Ev-[pavthi l1Ta]~ 17: 1 3
[euc/>pouVV1)}v Bl:8
[e]c/>pa8a 8:3 2
[E'xov]ra 17: 10
lw , 5:2; 8:42; 19:37
;Wi 2:40
[]w , 8:7
qws] 22:37
~~ aeT[al] 17:30
~1)n1uw 15: 10
~1)T[~aEl'] 15 :22
f1TL,8MljI~ [ L) 2:39
f 7TLKQ.'\vp.p.a 14:4
[f1TLAa,8W}VTaL BI: 29
E7T{AOL- [7TOL] 22 :3 8
1TLa[""] 2 r :29
[E1TL a)Tpt'c/>W [v} 14 : 1 1
f7!GT'[peljl]el;' 3: 28
f17t'aTpt:.pav 3: 32
[f}7!d aTpN a'TE] 28 :42
bTf[al r[ pt'ifiEL} 3:30
[f1TLaT ] p~ [ EL] 3: 30
[f7TLa1'ptpova}Lv 5 :3
1TLaTp[1.povaLv 8 :38
[f1TL- G'TpwPNaop.aL 28 :37
1TLa1'pa4>~aovT~L 8:4 1
f7Tf [aTpac/>~aov}1'a L 6:6
f1TLT[1)oe6p.aTu] 23:42
f1TL1'f(1)P.L: lTt'01]K[av] 3 r :34
[f] 1TL1't [p.~aa L] 31 :22
7TOtt'W: 7To(1)aV 3 :34
E1T'T o. 9:3
~yovp.vov I 7: 10
7/KW: ij~eL 16:36
7/[~EI] 17:28
7/Ato , 6:42
T7p.eLs 7:4 1
1}p.[ w]~ 7=42
[T7p.w]v 9:2
~p.as 19:4 J
~p.t'pa 2 1 :31
[T7fL t'p]a 2 1: 30, 33
'J}p.[t'paJ ZI :30
[T7]P.~p<;l 21:3 0
[~] p.t'pq. 21 :32
~p.[t':pwv] 8 :3 5
T7p.[t'pal,] 4:28
[T7P.t'P ]aL' 16:24; B I :28
~p.(pa<; 2 :31
OciAaaaa 15 : 13
OaAa[a-a1)'] J7:9
O&Aaauav B2: 15
OaAaua [1),] 18: 17
[00A]a9'[aaIl1 2:26
Oop.,8o~ 16:29
[OaVa]TO, 17:3 3
[8avp.]& aaTe 16:23
Oep.i..\La 4 :43
Qep.e).{ov, 19: 37
Oeo, 3:33; BZ:2
Oe9[, ] 3 :30
OEOU 7=4 1
OEO~ 8:40
[Oe]ou 7: 4
O[EO]~ 13 :23
Q[eov] 3 :27
[O"'.p]eL 2: 33
Ovya'TT!P 8:8
Q[v] ya- [Tt'pa] 30:40

[OU}ya'TEp 8: 14
Ovp.,oaEl J 7: 1 5
Ov aL 6.~w : fOvafaaav 2:2 8
8[ua]fav 2: 28
Ouw: OuaH 17: 14
laKW,8 4:39
LaKwt.l 9:9
loou 4:33; 16:25; B2: 13
IS[ov] 17: 29
[11 ~pt'wv 20:37
LEpouaaA1)p. 4:40
[Lepova ]aA1)p. 4 :29; 8: 1 0
Lep[ ovaaA1)p.] 20:34
LpOu-[aa,\1)p.J 30 : 1 5
[iKa v6- ]T1)T[ d 18: 1 2
ip.anov: elP.aTLa 31 :36
LOvSa 4 :29
[LOJ uOa 8: 33
LOv[Sav] 20:33
U7T ]7!eL, 16:34
LGpa1)'\ B 2:7
L[apa1)A] 8:34
raT1)p.t: a1'~a[ op.a t] 17: 20
[aT]~aeTru 8:39
[U1']Yj - [u ] 14:10
i ax V' 1 5: 1 3, I 4
i[aJ x v1 8:39
tax up6v 8:5
[L] w[va] 3:10
[L]wva 3 :35
Lwvav 2:30
16 3
16 4
DIS C OVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII
Ka [8ap]av 31 :3 3
[Ka8{u]oVTal 7: 36
Ka8ws 17:32
Ka8[w,J 19:42
KQ -[8 s] 28:39
KUTUU1Taaw 4:42
[KaTaaTp] u</ia [Tul] 3 :1 5
KaTaq,[p]OI-'vo[v] 4 :37
[KuTuq,vnv -) aovalv 21:25
KUTVU[VTL] 6 :4
Ka! 2:28.31.3 7; 3: 1.11. 24.26.34.35. 35.3 9;
[KaTol -]KovvTa 2 3 :37
4 :3 1.3 8 ,41 ,42 .43; 5: 2 ; 6:3; 7= 3 2.3 3.34.35
[KUTOLKOV- ]au IS: [ I
8: 37.39, 39 ,40 ,4 1,42; 9: 2 ; 14:3.5 ,6.7 .35. 37;
[K]QTOLK[ ovau] 30:40
I 5: I 4 . I 5 . I 6, 17; 16 : 3 1 .32. 33,38 ,39.4 I ,4 2;
KaTo[L-Kovvns] BJ:15
17=11, 12.14 ,15,18,20 ,2 1,22,24,26,3 I ,34,37,40,42;
KUTOLKOVVTUS 20: 34
18: 22 , 22,24 ,26,3 8 ,39; 21 :28 ,32, 36; 22 :3 8 ;
Kavawv 16:37
3 1:34.4.4 1 ,42; Bl:8.9,13; B2 :4, 6,7 .8,11, 12,14
KVOV 18:14
[Ku]i 2 :26; 3 :31; 7:3 8; 14 : 12.; 15:7; 2 1:3 3
[KPUT]U 30:18
[K]Q' 3 :9; 15: 21
[K][p]UT{- [V1'/S] 2 1 :33
KQ [l] 3 :27
Kq,UA~V 2 :4 1; 19:39
KQ! 3: 28
[Kq,aANV 15: 1 8
[K]af 6 :4 1
[Kq,aA~)V 19:36
[KJal 14:3; 15:36; , 8:29; 31: 2 1,28
K[q,aANv 3 r :35
KQUJ 17:37
K~p ~[~]ov 3 :9
K[a!] 17=38; 21:39; 31 :35; BI:31
?K~p[v~av] 3: 16
Ka! 18:28
[K~Tovh 2 :3 1
KQ[i] 20:28
K{OUpLV 3 I : 3 3
[K]a [i] 20: 35; 21 :38
KlO[a pw) 3 1: 34
K[a]1 20: 39
[KA1)povo- ]fL~ au B2: 13
~a , 21: 25
[K]A~ [p] O[vof,~ ao)v- [aw] 22:39
Ka[i] 4:34.39,40; 31 :30

K[a]! B2: 17
KaL 3: 32; 8:32; 17:23 ; 2 1:3 5; 3 1: 18
KIui] 3:35
KIa)i 2 1:37
[KJaLpov 17:26
(K]aK{~ 3 :34
KaKow: fKa[Kwuu) 8 :3
KaMw: fKaAovv 28: 4 0
[Ka.\Q].pE< 18: 26
[KaT]~ 3: JI
KaT' 2:42
K[aT'] 17 :36
Ka Ta~apvv 8~TL 15:33
[ KaTa~apvv-]O~TL 15 :33
KaTa{3a{vw: KaT{3~v 2:42

Ka?"u{3~aTaL 4:3 4
[Ka }ra{3a[uEI) 4 :37
[KaTa K)A~pOvo &L1iaut) 16 :28
KaTuK[o.po valv] 4:44
[KuTa- ]AOL7TOV 9: 8
[KaTaAoL]1To[L] 22 :37
K[a]Tav[aAwO~a- ]Ta L B2: 16
KaTa1Ta ~ [al'] B 2 :4
[K]UTU1TIiv 2:3 0
KOAVI-'~~l:Ipa] 14 :9
Kovq,[onpoL) 16:31
[KpL11-'a 16:30
Kpvq,iI 19:42
KT~V1'/ 3 :27
KT[~VTJ] 3:24
[K] V-(KMI:IV] 30 : 35
KVKAwau 18:23
IlKvKA~ [UV] 2:40
KVI-'UTa 2 :37
Kwq,a 18: 34
I NDEX
~':'ywv 18:3 5
A[lywv] 29:40
Mywv 31: 29
MyovTt"s 28:41
[Mov]Ta [s] 14 :27
A iJl-'l-'a B2:3
M{3v[s] 15: IS
MOt.;J 18:36
AL KI-'~ - [ uavTa] 30 : 14
AL1TU{VW: IlAL7TaVO~ 17: 1 6
AOyOS 3:37
Aoyos 4:27
Myov B 2:3
AV1Tlw: [IlB [V1T~O~] 3:35
AV [7T~V] 3:35
[l-'a]Kpav 7= 32
[l-'a]l!opav 14 : 24
l-'avOavw : l-'a-OwaLv 7: 35
l-'apT~[pa] 4:3 2
l-'ap-nJpol-'aL: [1l-] fL(lpropa [To] 3 1: 36
l-'axa[tpaS'] 7 :33
l-'axo.1pav 17: 18
f.L[axaLpav] 7: 3 5
fLEyaA [ vvO~-] aovTaL 8:41
I-'lyas: [fU- ]y&A~ 21: 27
[1-'ywTa]vS' 15: 20
IlA[ aA haV 3: 34
AUI-'{3avw : A~.p[ TUL] 1T 36
AUI-'1T~V~ 14 :6
Aaov 22:37
Aao[v] 19:35
Aaov 22 :4 2
Auol BI :1 3
~Q[ol] T40
AU[OV], 17: 35
Myu 14: 25; 3 1:38
A[IY]EI 20:32
MY~ [L] 3: 41
V[ ww~]
3: 11
1!![v]VTJ 14:9
vvv 8 :41
vu~ 6:40
~VAt.;J 18 :35
a 3:30,37; 6:42;
14:5 ; 17= 32,37; [8:3 [, 32, 39; 30: 28

TOV 3: 38; 4:4 1; 8:7,32, 34; [6: 37; 19:40; 20:29,3 5
T[OV] 3:34; 15: 35
[T]OV [8:20
[TO]V 30: 17
T0 8:6, 34; 18: 35 ,36; B 2 :5
T[0) 18:18
[T)0 20:4 1
T'fi 29:37
TOV 2:30; 3: 27; 7:42
~ 2:4 2 ; 8: 9.9; 14 :6; 18:4 1; 2 1: 30
TTJs 3: 28,44; 8:42; 20:27,32
[T]iJs 3 : 28; 17:9
T[iJ,) 3:29
Tfl~ 3: 2 9
Ti)~ 3 :3 2
[T]~s 3:33
TiJ
3:33 ; 8:40; 17: 15
T~V 2:41; 3:13 ; 4 :42 ; 9: 5; 31 :34,35; BI:9

?"[~v) 9:7
1-'8[vaO~un] 15:21
dv
f.Lat.;J 18: 39
I-'[Ta] 6 :2
f.L[Ta] 20:37
1-'0' B2:1 ,2
l-'n[Kovl-'ah Q 3 1:3 2
I-'~ 3:3 1 ; 7:34.35; 8 :1I ; 28:39
[T~]I! 20:33
M~ 15: 11
I-'T] 21 :25
I-'~o[v] 3:25
~a-[AWv] 30 :28
16 5
I-'Lq- [I:IWl-'aTO,] 5: 1
I-'L[aOw-l-'aTo,] 5:2
fLLaOw- ]l-'aTa 4 :44
I-'LI-'V~ aKw: I-'vTJal:l~aTuL 14: 1
[fLoXAo]i 2 :42
I-'0X[AOV,] 15 :2 8
I-'wpa aOEl 4 :28
18:25
T[~V] 31:33
TO 3:11; 4 :3 1; 7:38; 14: 12; 16:26 ,26; 17:1 7; 18:33;

19:25 ,4 1; 20:36
[T)O 14 :4
o[ 17 :4,42; 28:41
9+ 7:40
[0][ 2 2: 38
TWV 14:5 ; 18:29; 28 :37,42; 3 1:38 BI:1 2,30
[nu)v 7 :39
TW[V) 20:36
TOUS 6:36; 15 :35 ; IT35

TO[US] 8:38
T[O] US 15:28; 20 :37
al 14:7
Tais 14: 2; 3 1 :39
Ta, 7= 33; 9 : 2 ; 2 1: 34 .35
VU[O,] 14:5
T[ah
vac!J 18:40
vaov 2 :39
v{3pwo 9:6
[v~a]Tt" {-[u BI:6
T[a,) 31: 41
Tn
21: 34
2 :37; 3: 24 ; 4 :35 .43; 9: 8 ; 14:3; 15 :23; IT34 ;

23:4 2; 30:14
T~ 3 :2 7
,66
o (cont.)
0[0] 4:39
QV 21 :25
OOK 3:34; 7:38
oval 17=37
[Ooa], 18:35
oo[pavou] 20:29
oo[pa-]vou 20:38
OUTO,: T[OVTOV ] 20:3 5
TOiI'TO 8:36; 17 : 13 .14; 23:41
T[OiI'T]O 5 :3
[To] iiTO 6:40
TOV-[TO] 17:17
7[a ]il'Ta 4 :38
Taiira 17 :36
miir[a] 30: 13
OOX' 17:35,39
[ov- lx' 4:39
o4>fitAw: ci>c/KA1]ov 18: 30
rei 3: 32; 16:27

T[d] 15:17
08: [,410] 30:,P
Tao 31 :38
ooo[u] 3:28
[ooo] u 3:3 3
OOOt, 3 1 :39
[oljo[v] 3 :29
olKo [,] 8:32
OiKOU J 3:23; 19:36

[O] iKCfI BI:7
olKov 31:41
OlKOOOfLW: [cP KOOO-]fL1]av B2 :9
olvov 21 :27
OKTtiJ 9:4
oAt(y]oaTo, 8:32
[ofLvV-]ov[T]a, 20:39
OVfLO['W: ci>vLOI[aav] 22:41
ovofLa 20 :36
ovofLaTo, 8:40
Oglh[ POI] 16:3 2
o7TLa8[v] 20 :42
[017W- ]pOq>uMKLOV 4:40
opaaLv 17 : 24
opaw: [ljo[v] 3:32
EiOoa[41v] 19:27
lO[tv] 17= 21
q(t/lfTaL] 8 2: 17
oms 21 :30
[opy}ij, 3:31
0p[Y7ls] 21:41
opyt' w: [ci>py{u8J1] 28: 34
OPfL 8:6
oP'l] 4 :35; 19:27
[op1wv 2:42
o[p8pLaClT] 23 :41
opla 9:8
0PfL7J[aoualv] 16:33
os: o[v] 4:29
fI
3 :34
iiv
8: 3
o4>8a~Uto,] B2:5
D4>!aAp,Wv 2:38
9X A[O,] 15:37
o-[xvpasJ 21: 34
OXVPWfLCl 16:40
ox6[pw",a ] 82:10
7Ta,l)E{av 23:39
17av- [TO,] 17: 18
17aoa J 8:4 1
1Tav 16:40; 18:38
7Tav-7, 7: 39
[7I'41]I;'7S' J 7:42
1TelVTWV 18:29
WelVTa, 17 :35
[17avT]as 20: 34
71aawv B 2:6
7Taaw [v] 15: I 8
[1Taa]wv B l:30
1TaliTa 4: 38; 17= 34; 23 :4 2
[17a]VTa 15:2 3
[1T]elVTa J6 :36
71elV[Ta] 17:36; 23 :40
17apa{3oA-r,v 17:36
17[apaKaAovVTns] 15: 10
OU, 28:40
1!ap[ aKA1]8~ oTa]L 3 :30
Q'[aa] 23:40
4 :33;
8:4 1;
9:1 .2.7;
18 :25.3 .3 2; 22=4 1; B2:S
[O]TI 3:3 2; 5: 1
(hi
16: 23,25;
17: 28 ,4 1 ;
07[t] 7=38 .39

0[1"1] 17:16
ov 3:31; 7=34.35; 13: 22 ; 16: 24; 17:19.31; 18 :38
[1Tap] ~~A7J8'1)
< L> 3: 33
17apa~r ~4>t"] 9:6
7TapEPXO",at : 17ap[AVaTaL] 16:42

7T[aTagL] B2: 14
[17aT Ep]S 28 :40
7!axoS' 17 :39
INDEX
7TE170,8H 18: 32
17paTwv 8:42
17PLfU .AAW: 17dpL,BaAovTo] 3: 26
[17pL,B)oAawv 6:5
17ptlXW : 17fipdaX [fi)v 2:,P
17EPLKUKAOW: 17PLKvKAwa[1 v 2: 36
[17pLaT]pwv 14:8
17PLXEW : 17[pL-xv8'1)aav] 2:39
[17Ta]a87J00VTaL 16:3 5
[1TETp) a s' 17:21
[17-]1]yr} 23:39
1T'I)A[ ov] r 5: 30
1T'I)AQ~ 17:39
[7T){ 18:2 2
[7TL)E-Twaav 3 :25
17LKPOV 16:26
7TLKpa 21 : 29
17{fL1TA1]fLL: [17A1]a- ]87JuTaL 18: 14
17{OTfL 17:30
7TL07VW: [17{ahuo~[v) 3 :15
17Aa- [vwvTas] 6 :36
17A41oa, 18:31
[17]A419'q., 18:3 3
7TAaofLa 18:33
1TAn- [T1]] 16:27
[17A~ 8o ] v, 14: 36; 30 :3 3
17A1]8vvwv 17:38
'E7T A[ ~81JVa,J 1 5 : 34
17[A~]p'wfLa 4: 3 I
17A['l)o{ovJ 18: 18
[17]ALV(Jt:[tl ou 15 :31
17vu",a 16:42; 18: 38
[170-J8v 15:9
[17] 0 L'ljaaL 18:34
170[1]aV 3 :34
170[ L]fLClVL 8: 39
[17oLfLavov-]aLv 9:4
7T[oLfLEva,] 9: 3
17oAw, 18: 28
170A~[S"]
3:44
7T<;l [A LV] 3: 1 3
170AfL, B I: 14
[17 0A]~LS 21: 34
71[OALS] 29 :35
170A",~ rrll ] 7:36
[7T<)AfLO]V 6:40
170A/L9 [1I] 6:6
170~- [Aas] 8 1:1 4
170A>.W[V] 7:31
170AAa 17=42
170V7]e[a,] 3:3 3
710[V7]pnS] 3:28
,,!opda s 3: 12
[170]pt:[11q.[v] J:l3
71opd a[t]S 14:2
[170pfi VO",]EIIOU 6: 3
[170p]VO",[vo]v 16:27
170[pt:U-Oj.LfiVO'] B 1: 17
[71opv08]al 3:13
170p[uoo/L8a] 7 :41
[170)p.voo",8a B2:J
170pE[vaoVTaL] 7:40
[1TOpV- )OOVTq.[I] 19:31
1TopqluolI[Ta]t 2 1:36
170PEU8iis 3 I : 39
[1Topw8w)",H B I : 17
[170Ta",] 0, 2:36
[71oTa]/:W { 19:26
1ToTap,Wv 14: 5
170Ta/Lo LS 15: 12
1TO-[T7JPWV] 18:2 3
[1TOTt'OVTJ ~ L 18: 18
17po,BA(1)fL]a 17:37
1TpOS 3:36; 28 :38.4 0 ; 29: 3 9
71pO[S] 2:39
H p[d], po
[17p]OS 3:27
[1T ]pO' 3: 31
17p[OS'] 31:28
[17pO]S BI:16
1![poa- ] ~~aTo 3:35
17poa~[ ullovv- ]Ta , 20:37
17pOOT[~fLL : [17poa]f!~ aw 2:39
17poaclmou 16: 3 7
1!pooumou 18:41
[1T ]pooumov 20:26
[17poaum]c;>u 20:32
[17po4>il] Tat 28:41
17porp8o..vw: [17pO- ]'4>8a[aa] 3 :37
[17To~a]L 18:27
71'[ n,)/L]q.H a 21 :38
71TWXOV 19:42
[nVA]a[L] 14:5
[17Vg{W]V 17:24
1!VP 15: 2 8
1TVPL B 2: 16
7T(.vpp[w8v] 16:34
po.,BOOt, 19:39
pa,B~ [o] ,=,~ 19:26
,67
r 68
Pay~-aTaL 19:26
[pa- ]y~aov[Ta ]l 4:3 5

pijp.a 3 : (1
pofL4> [a{a] 15:32
p[ofL4>a{q.] 9:5
[po!U/>a{a]s- 14 : 3 5
aa~V?1 17: 13
aa- [y~v?1] 17: 15
aaAE uovTE, 17:40
aaAw 8[watv] 15 :24

[Jaa]Au81) 14:6
[aa]p.apoLa 4 :39
aa[p.apotav] 4:40
acip~ 3 1: 16
aaTTw : aaayp.Evov 18:37
amuT[z)] 15:29
aH ~[w v] B2 :8
ana8[~] qovTaL 19:40
aH- [wv) 8 :6
a[n-wv] 8: 14
a[Lwv] 29:42
aA 19 :38
a'fJu[va,] 7: 34
alW1I'WV 18:36
aLW'TT1)aov 18:40
aKO'TT[oLS] 15 :24
aKo[pTT{a]aL 19:41
aK oTa a8[~a'TaL) 6:4 1
aKoT{a 17: 29
aKoT{a, 21: 32
aK(lTOUS 21: 32
aKuAEu[aoua{v] 17:4 2
Ja[K]6Auaas 17=4 1
am;t[pN OH[aL] 13:22
[aT)voxW[p]?~s 21 :31
anpEOV 17: 1 7
aT?7[Awaop.aL] 17=20
aTop.a 7= 38
aTop.[a] 15 :25
aTpaY[YEu<n]TaL] 17: 27
uV (au) 8:32; 15:22; 18: 22 ; 31:40
aou (aov) 2: 38,39; 8: 12 ,33; 19:36; 31 :31
ao[u] 2:37
a[ou] 14:27
q[o] u 18: 25
aOL 31 :42
aE ( a) 3: 10; 15 :8,32; 17 :40,4 1; 18:23 ,26 ,27; 31 :32
[al E 14:25
[a] uK ijs 7:37
auva- [tw] 8: 1
a[u~yayv)
5: 2
auv~ya- [yv] 17: 12
auv[ay"' ] 20:26
[Eu]vaywyn 20:25
auvKopou- [aLv] 7: 32
auvA~p.pET[a ,] 16:4J
aupw: avpv 17: 11
atj>oSpa B2:9
[awT1)p{a]v 19:34
[TaK~ - ]aOl![TaL] 4: 34
TaAamWpEw: [nTaAal- ]'TTWP1)K[V] 15 :8

TaAamwp{a 18 :26
Ta XLa 21 :28
TaxuvovaLv 14:3
TEtX1) 14 :3
TE~ETaL 8 :37
[uoop]aKov[Ta] 3:14
[TEaaa]p s 30: 16
'TL -[8~aH S] 30 :3 2
8~ aw 8 :3; 15:7
8~Q'[w] 5: 1
[8]~aofLai 4 :40
'TL - [KTOU<n]S] 8: 13
[TIK7'OU-]<n]s 8 :36
TLS 3:29
TL 17 :22 ; 18:30
TO[~OV] 19 :25
T01l'OU 20:3 5
Tv[a-]~[~AO U] 19:37
TPEi'S 2:31
Tp(iS] 2 :3 I
TpLW [V] 3:12
[TpEXJn 17:2 5
[opap.ovv-)TaL 13:42
'TlJpaWOL 16:39
TUpOS B2: 8, I O
v.sw[p] 15 : 13
[voaTol> 14 :9
voaTa 2 :40
v[S''' ] 19 :28
[iiopw oa] l 15 :29
ulov 20 :25
[u nov 28: 3 3
vfLwV 16:24; 28:4 0
VfL[wv] Bz: 1
VfL LV 4:3 2
[vfL] iv 6:4 1
INDEX
vp.as 28: 38
[v7Tap-]X []tv 23 :36
VTT[p] 15: 11
VTToKaTw 7=37
v('TTOK aTw8Ev] 4 :35
V['TTOAHfL]fLa 8:4
mr [oAnp.p.a] 20:36
~[pJ71Aas 21:35
[tj>a)VTaa{av 18:32
tj>apayya 4:42
tj>yyos 19 :3 1
tj>ELa'TaL 17= 19
tj>Eu[youaLv] 14 : 10
tj>OfJEW : [J]tj>ofJ~[81)]aav 2: 27
tj>ouo 15 : 15
tj>POVEW : [J-Jtj>pOV1)aEv B 2:8
tj>uyi[v] 3:38
[tj>uAa- ]K~v 31:39
tj>uAa~?1S 3 J :40
tj>[uA] a~EL ' 31 :41
f[ VAWV] B 2:6
tj>w -[ 'TLEi] J 8:36
169
xa{pw: XaPEi'TaL 17: 14

xipa 20:33
XEpa!l! 3: 29
X[ lAlaaLv) 8:33
X6(pTOV] 9 : I 1
xovv B2:12
xpua{ov B2: 12
x[pvalov] 14: 1 2
[xpuaLO]v 2 I :40
xpv[ao]uv 18:37
xwp.a 16:41
[xw fLa- ]pHfL 20 :3 6
xwvwfLa 18: 3 r
pwSij 18:32
tPUX~ 17: 29
tPuxij s 2:40
tPuX~[v] 17= 3 2
[woi]v , 8:13
[wotv1)a]av 19:27
ws 4 :3 6; 8:1 3; 9 :10; 15:3h 35 ; 16 :35 ,38 ; 18:16; 21 :38

w[s] 14:7; 15: 33
PLATES
The plates are composed of photographs (see note in Section D on col. 2-4) of the
fragments, rearranged according to the columns. The numbers accompanying the plates are
those of the photographs, almost all prepared by the Palestine Archaeological Museum (PAM)
in the fifties, except for the ones indicated as lDAM (Israel Department of Archaeology and
Museums) dated 1986. The numbers in parenthesis refer to the present inventory number of
the PAM.
The scale of all plates is
I: I
except when indicated otherwise.
References to "Lif." refer to t he publication of nine fragments by B. Lifshitz mentioned on

the first page of Introduction.
LD
t-z 1;)
PLATE III
PLATE I I
Col.
Col. 3
(8 lines)
.' ~I'f~
~I;
"
bC'{
t<r.'l
..:J.
{_. ~
~tN
., ~i:t\ .. ~~
0 \'
c: \c.-;r\u.,
,\
~;\ttm
~.
"t~ ',l
(23 lines)
': ~"t-\ .~
(7 lines)
c
-,. .
~<AL
(4 lines)
a. !DAM 200.296
b. !DAM 200.297
C. !DAM 200.296
d. !DAM 200.297
e. 4 0 .5 6 5 (539)
f. 4 0 .5 6 5 (539)
g. 4 0 .5 6 5 (539)
a.
b.
c.
d.
4 0 .5 6 4
4 0 .5 6 5
4 0 .5 6 5
4 0 .5 62
(539)
(539)
(539)
(539)
h. 40.559 (539)
i. 40.565 (539)
j. 40 .5 6 3 (539)
k. 40.562 (539)
(539A
(539A
(539A
(539A
[Lif.
[Lif.
[Lif.
[Lif.
4])
6])
4])
2])
PLATEIV
PLATE V
Col. 4
Col. 6
(20 lines)
..J ~ .L,
"
, ~, o"t.~~ett'" race,
"-':tl~~ kA"I:e~'
o Mu.)NC~ (A""
\001\"'''
:'.il
(28 lines)
a. 4.5 6 3 (539)
h. 4 1 .6 90 (539)
.1.
a. 4,563 (532)
h. 4,563 (529)
'. c. 4.564 (529)
Col. 7
(30 lines)
~')(f>,
Col. 5
. i.'
a
[:LfrM.
-~
.,'
J("....~ ~:.tJ~
tt-1.
I'
.b~-Z;
\N.'trf.f
a. 4.563 (532)
h. 4.563 (532)
a. 4.564 (529)
h. 4.560 (531)
PLATE VII
PLATE VI
Col. 9
Col. 8
4.5 66 (53)
A
~6qlaH. nttr c iUo..'
........
\l ,.....~
~."U.)..E.ci E: r1A"t'TON e-~f"7
IT\"
~li A~)Ui N
'''.>-.H
MHBA.cL
)I
~O:r:'MUJ
,tECWCL:L
. -a.-cEp(
L. ,
(16 lines)
yr
u
I:\....
(31 lines)
Col. I3
a
a. 4.566 (530)
b. 4.560 (531)
c. 4 .560 (531)
a. lOAM 200.296 (539A [Lif. 5])

b. 200.296 (5391\ [Lif. 3])
PLATE IX
PLATE VIII
Col. IS
Col. 14
(6 lines)
Ct
b
c
b
(8 lines)
(6 lin es)
(5 lin es)
a. 4.567 (535)
b . 4.5 66 (535)
C. 4. 562 (535)
d. 4.5 6 7 (535)
e. !DAM 200.296 (539A [Lif. 8])
(4 lines)
a. 4.562 and 40 .239 (535)

b. 4.5 66 (535)
C. !DAM 200. 296 (539A [Lif. I] )
d. 4.5 66 (535)
PLATE XI
PLATE X
Col. 17
Col. 16
(8 lines)
t("'e.AA,....
t-tOc-L
... A.HC"O
. tcnAc
. e d~l.6~xtN
"'LB~po.'A~'t
kAlcrriHC""A 't
. .
(21 lines)
e............tt.D i
...AA A--c-r:cI
\
.~c~-p..\'
~cr:t~r
Ir
-J 1 'J
;ro~ .~.L~f;><:Q~~ru~e .. '

r-,
o-t:J), o't~"'t~l.JJ'l'
~ co t-{,-rA\~ C
a. 40.572, 40.573 (63)

b. 4.567 (63)
t{"t"A f; I.e f>..b. uClA
c. 4. 564 (530)
'(l..O"("'~~ l<A"( c
A.~v.JGt~M k,,\~-t
~l-a \. ~Al-d
40 .559 (5 28 )
.,.;;
~ ~, !.\;r ~u..-no'.t2-1:lce:
...
l
"
'.
i .. ,
'.;..:,.~~~lQ"r
PLATEXII
PLATE XIII
Col. 18
Col. 19
(rrlines)
(23 lines)
'l
\.
b
C)""~ r>; -
.' ~ri~cu.Rt
a
c
a. 4 .564 (63)
b. 4056r (63)
c. 40574 (63)
a. 40.574 (63)
b. 4.568 (63)
PL ATE XIV
Col.
PLATE XV
20
Col.
21
(24 lines)
(24 lines)
b
-'r.~f1..~
..1:".
. ,. ,.,.
. r .. '
'Ol.1~
"' ~!.
'U.'"
~'l!'
'"
40570 (63)
~
C. :---.
~ :,
. '\
Col.
22-23
(32 lines)
~
~
j'
..
b_ .-..
M<
I
~ '1' i\Ol..
'I.
a. 4.569 (63)
b. 40.570 (63)
a. 40 .570 (63)
b. 4.571 (63)
..
X ~~~
l<o~
PL ATE XV I
P L ATE XV II
Col. 28- 29
Col. 30- 31
(I2 lines)
~ ~. '
~A).J ~t<\
(32- 34) li nes

a
(4-8 li nes)
Co
m.,~t'.
~~ t"%-7.:\'~ N ... ~
.,..
~tt;e'Oe'XMAC 61 t'Uei -:
'~ei ~Hc"'1."'t
~ ,~
)..
lb;:.
. rzel)(
a . 40 .559 (530)
b. 40 56 r (530)
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.560 (530)
!DAM 200.296-7 (539A [Li f. 7] )
4056r (530)
!DAM 200.297 (539A [Lif. 9] )
.--.
00
M
IJ)
....I
"0
o
~
.--.
(j)
V
c::
tZ-LI o,OJ
PLATE XX
Additional fragments (unidentified)
J .
!', ::,\ "
.....
OJ .l
4 .566 (530 A)
4 .5 66 (530 A)
3 4.5 66 (530 A)
4 40559 (?)
5 4.5 66 (53 2 )
6. 40559 (538)
I.
2.

Tov, Emanuel. The Greek Minor Prophet Scroll From Nahal Hever

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D ISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT V III

GREEK MINOR PROPHETS SCROLL

(THE SElyAL C OL LECT ION I )

DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII

GREEK MINOR PROPHETS SCROLL

( THE SElyAL COLLECTION I)

C LARENDON P RESS , O XFOR D

O:>.jord U niversity Press, Wa ltoll Street, Oxford O X2

A/hells Auck land Bangkok Bombay

Calcutta Cape TOWII Dar es Salaam Delhi

F iorella Hong Kong ISlmlbul K/lrachi

Kuala Lumpur }Iladras Madrid lVIelbollrne

Me:r:ico City Nairobi Paris Singapore

TaipeI Tokyo TorOl/to

and associa ted co mpo llies ill

O:>.jord is a Iril de mark of Oxford Ulliuersity Press

Pu blished in the United States by

Oxford Un ivenity Press I nc. , New Y ork

O:>.jord UlliveTs ity Press 1990

All righ ts rescrt'ed. N o port of this publicotioll m ay he reproduced,

stored il7 0 retrieval system , or transmitted, in 011)' fo rm or by 01lY means ,

p1lTpOSe of reseorch Or priva te study , or criticism ur review, as permitted

reprogrophic reproduction in accordance wit h the terms of the /icel/ces

isslled by the C opyn g ht Licensillg A gency. E nquiries concerning

se nt to the RIghts Departmellt , Oxford UlIiversity Press,

a t the address abov e

British L ibra ry C ataloguillg in Publicatioll Data

The ' Seivai' collect ion.

V ol. 1: T he Greek Minor P rophets scroll

f rom Na llal He~ 'er .

1. Greek S eptua!(inl . B ible. O. T. Critical studies

I . T itle 1/. Kraft , R . /I. . 1/1. Parso ns,

ISBN o-}(r 826327-<.J

Library of Co ngr ess C ataloging ill PI/blicalion Dat a

T ypeset by S tep he n C ope

Oxford U niversity Comput ing Service

Print ed ill Grear 8ril ain

AlllolIY R owe Ltd., (,h ippellilolll

data and identification

5. The two scribes/hands

6. Descript ion of the materials and their state of

C . TR A NSCRI P TIO N S O F THE T E XT

E. NOT E S ON T H E REC ONS T R UC TI O N S

SCHOLARS will always associate the name of R. P. Dominique Barthelemy, O P , of

Oxford , S eptember 1994

ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGLA

THE following abbreviations are used for the biblical books:

The following sigla are used in the text:

Archaeological D ata and Identification

Columns and Measuremen ts

I dentification of the small fragments

DISCOVERIES IN T HE JUDAEAN DESERT V III

DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII

3: Height of relatively well-preserved coLumns (in cm )

277 (44 lines)

2 7 .0 (last line erased, see pI. XVIII )

4: Width of relatively well-preserved columns (in cm )

5: Average number of letters for the preserved lines in each column

and reconstructed number of lines

DISCOVERIES IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT VIII

6: Margins between columns

3.4 (slightly ragged)

3. Content and Scope

[T~II 1T0ALII T~V IJ-eyQ.,\TJV K]g.t K~P'I[~]OIl [:!e :~~

" K~? f1'fEa-r[pE.p] ~e] ~~ TijS' OOO[U aN[To ti TN~ 1T0[vTJpaS']

D flL~'2::: <> OEq [;