Math Vocab Cards Geom

High School Mathematics
Geometry Vocabulary Word Wall

Cards
Table of Contents
Reasoning, Lines, and
Transformations
Basics of Geometry 1
Basics of Geometry 2
Geometry Notation
Logic Notation
Set Notation
Conditional Statement
Converse
Inverse
Contrapositive
Symbolic Representations
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Proof
Properties of Congruence
Law of Detachment
Law of Syllogism
Counterexample
Perpendicular Lines
Parallel Lines
Skew Lines
Transversal
Corresponding Angles
Alternate Interior Angles
Alternate Exterior Angles
Consecutive Interior Angles
Parallel Lines
Midpoint
Midpoint Formula
Virginia Department of Education 2013
Slope Formula
Slope of Lines in Coordinate Plane
Distance Formula
Line Symmetry
Point Symmetry
Rotation (Origin)
Reflection
Translation
Dilation
Rotation (Point)
Perpendicular Bisector
Constructions:
o A line segment congruent to a
given line segment
o Perpendicular bisector of a
line segment
o A perpendicular to a given
line from a point not on the
line
o A perpendicular to a given
line at a point on the line
o A bisector of an angle
o An angle congruent to a given
angle
o A line parallel to a given line
through a point not on the
given line
o An equilateral triangle
inscribed in a circle
o A square inscribed in a circle
Geometry Vocabulary Cards
Page 1
o A regular hexagon inscribed

in a circle
o An inscribed circle of a
triangle
o A circumscribed circle of a
triangle
o A tangent line from a point
outside a given circle to the
circle
Triangles
Classifying Triangles by Sides
Classifying Triangles by Angles
Triangle Sum Theorem
Exterior Angle Theorem
Pythagorean Theorem
Angle and Sides Relationships
Triangle Inequality Theorem
Congruent Triangles
SSS Triangle Congruence
Postulate
SAS Triangle Congruence
Postulate
HL Right Triangle Congruence
ASA Triangle Congruence
Postulate
AAS Triangle Congruence
Theorem
Similar Polygons
Similar Triangles and Proportions
AA Triangle Similarity Postulate
SAS Triangle Similarity Theorem
SSS Triangle Similarity Theorem
Altitude of a Triangle
Median of a Triangle
Concurrency of Medians of a
Triangle
30-60-90 Triangle Theorem
45-45-90 Triangle Theorem
Geometric Mean
Trigonometric Ratios
Inverse Trigonometric Ratios

Area of a Triangle
Polygons and Circles

Polygon Exterior Angle Sum
Theorem
Polygon Interior Angle Sum
Theorem
Regular Polygon
Properties of Parallelograms
Rectangle
Rhombus
Square
Trapezoids
Circle
Circles
Circle Equation
Lines and Circles
Secant
Tangent
Central Angle
Measuring Arcs
Arc Length
Secants and Tangents
Inscribed Angle
Area of a Sector
Inscribed Angle Theorem 1
Segments in a Circle
Segments of Secants Theorem
Segment of Secants and Tangents
Theorem
Three-Dimensional
Figures
Cone
Cylinder
Polyhedron
Similar Solids Theorem
Page 2
Sphere
Pyramid
November 2014 Contrapositive card corrected converse to

contrapositive in example
Revision:
Page 3
Reasoning,
Lines, and
Transformations
Page 4
Basics of
Geometry
Point A point has no
P
dimension.
It is a location on a plane. point
It is P
represented by a dot.
Line A line has one dimension.
It is an infinite set of points
represented by a line with two
arrowheads that extends
without end.
m
A
AB or BA or line m
Plane A plane has two

dimensions extending without
A
Page 5
end. It is often represented by a

parallelogram.
plane ABC or plane N
Basics of
Geometry
Line segment A line segment
consists of two endpoints and all
the points between them.
A
AB or
BA
Page 6
Ray A ray has one endpoint

and extends without end in one
direction.
C
BC
B
Note: Name the endpoint

first.
BC and CB are different
rays.
Page 7
Geometry
Notation
Symbols used to represent
statements or operations in
geometry.
BC
segment BC
BC
ray BC
BC
BC
ABC
line BC
length of BC
angle ABC
measure of angle
m ABC
ABC
ABC triangle ABC
is parallel to
||
Page 8
is perpendicular to
is congruent to
is similar to
Logic
Notation
iff
~
or
and
read implies, if
then
read if and only if
read if and only if
not
Page 9
therefore
Page 10
Set Notation
{}
x|
x:
empty set, null set

empty set, null set
read x such that
read x such that
union, disjunction, or
intersection, conjunction,
and
Page 11
Conditional
Statement
a logical argument consisting of
a set of premises,
hypothesis (p), and conclusion
(q)
hypothesis
If an angle is a right angle,

then its measure is 90.
conclusion
Symbolically:
if p, then q
pq
Page 12
Converse
formed by interchanging the
hypothesis and conclusion of a
conditional statement
Conditional: If an angle is a right
angle, then its measure is 90.
Converse: If an angle measures
90, then the angle is a right
angle.
Symbolically:
if q, thenp
qp
Page 13
Inverse
formed by negating the
hypothesis and conclusion of a
conditional statement
Inverse: If an angle is not a right
angle, then its measure is not
90.
Symbolically:
if ~p, then ~q
~p~q
Page 14
Contrapositiv
e
formed by interchanging and
negating the hypothesis and
conclusion of a conditional
statement
Contrapositive: If an angle does
not measure 90, then the
angle is not a right angle.
Symbolically:
Page 15
if ~q, then ~p
~q~p
Page 16
Symbolic
Representations
if p, then
pq
Conditional
q
if q, then
qp
Converse
p
if not p,
Inverse
then not ~p~q
q
if not q,
Contrapositi
then not ~q~p
ve
p
Page 17
Deductive
Reasoning
method using logic to draw
conclusions based upon
definitions, postulates, and
theorems
Example:
Prove (x y) z = (z y) x.
Step 1: (x y) z = z (x y), using
commutative
property of
multiplication.
Step 2: = z (y x), using
commutative
property of
multiplication.
Step 3: = (z y) x, using associative
property of multiplication.
Page 18
Inductive
Reasoning
method of drawing conclusions
from a limited set of
observations
Example:
Given a pattern, determine the
rule for the pattern.
Determine the next number in
this sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,
13...
Page 19
Proof
a justification logically valid and
based on initial assumptions,
definitions, postulates, and
theorems
Example:
Given: 1 2
Prove: 2 1
Statements
1 2
m1 =
m2
m2 =
m1
Reasons
Given
Definition of congruent
angles
Symmetric Property of
Equality
Page 20
Properties of
Congruence
Reflexiv For all angles A, A A.
e
An angle is congruent to
Property
itself.
For any angles A and B,
Symmetr If A B, then B A .
ic
Property Order of congruence does
not matter.
For any angles A, B, and C,
If A B and B C,
then A C.
Transitiv
e
If two angles are both
Property congruent to a third angle,
then the first two angles
are also congruent.
Page 21
Law of
Detachment
deductive reasoning stating that
if the hypothesis of a true
conditional statement is true
then the conclusion is also true
120
Example:
If mA > 90, then A is an
obtuse angle. mA = 120.
Therefore, A is an obtuse
angle.
Page 22
If pq is a true conditional
statement and p is true, then q
is true.
Page 23
Law of
Syllogism
deductive reasoning that draws
a new conclusion from two
conditional statements when the
conclusion of one is the
hypothesis of the other
Example:
1. If a rectangle has four equal
side lengths, then it is a
square.
2. If a polygon is a square, then
it is a regular polygon.
Page 24
3. If a rectangle has four equal

side lengths, then it is a regular
polygon.
If pq and qr are true
conditional statements, then
pr is true.
Page 25
Counterexam
ple
specific case for which a
conjecture is false
Example:
Conjecture: The product of any
two numbers is odd.
Counterexample: 2 3 = 6
One counterexample
proves a conjecture false.
Page 26
Perpendicular
Lines
two lines that intersect to
form a right angle
m
Page 27
Line m is perpendicular to
line n.
mn
Page 28
Parallel
Lines
lines that do not intersect
and are coplanar
m
n
m||n
Line m is parallel to line n.
Page 29
Parallel lines have the same

slope.
Page 30
Skew Lines
lines that do not intersect
and are not coplanar
m
Page 31
Transversal
a line that intersects at
least two other lines
t
t
a
x
Line t is a transversal.
Page 32
Corresponding
Angles
angles in matching positions
when a transversal crosses at
least two lines
t
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
Examples:
1) 2 and 6
2) 3 and 7
Page 33
Alternate
Interior Angles
angles inside the lines and on
opposite sides of the transversal
t
1
a
3
4
b
Examples:
1) 1 and 4
2) 2 and 3
Page 34
Alternate
Exterior Angles
angles outside the two lines and
on opposite sides of the
t
transversal
1
2
a
3
Examples:
1) 1 and 4
2) 2 and 3
Page 35
Consecutive
Interior Angles
angles between the two lines
and on the same side of the
transversal
t
1
a
2
4
b
Examples:
1) 1 and 2
2) 3 and 4
Page 36
Parallel Lines
t
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
Line a is parallel to line b

when
Corresponding
angles are
congruent
Alternate interior
angles are
congruent
Alternate exterior
angles are
congruent
1 5, 2
6,
3 7, 4 8
3 6
4 5
1 8
2 7
Page 37
Consecutive
interior angles are
supplementary
m3+ m5 =
180
m4 + m6 =
180
Page 38
Midpoint
divides a segment into two
congruent segments
C
Example: M is the midpoint of

CD
CM MD
CM = MD
Segment bisector may be a
point, ray, line, line segment, or
plane that intersects the
segment at its midpoint.
Page 39
Midpoint
Formula
given points A(x1, y1) and B(x2,
y2)
midpoint M =
B (x ,
2
y2 )
A (x1,
y1)
Page 40
Slope
Formula
ratio of vertical change to
horizontal change
change
y2 y1
in y
slop
=m=
=
e
change
x2 x1
in x
y2
y1 A
x2
x1
B
(x2,
y2)
(x1,
y1)
Page 41
Slopes of
Lines
Parallel lines have the
same slope.
Perpendicular lines
have slopes whose
product is -1.
Vertical lines have

undefined slope.
Horizontal lines have 0
slope.
Example:
The slope of line n = -2. The slope of
line p = 12.
-2 12 = -1, therefore, n p.
Page 42
Distance
Formula
given points A (x1, y1) and B (x2,
y2)
AB
x2 x1
y2
y1 A
y 2 y1
x2
x1
B
(x2,
y2)
(x1,
y1)
The distance formula is based on

the Pythagorean Theorem.
Page 43
Line
Symmetry
MOM
B X
Page 44
Page 45
Point
Symmetry
C
A
P
C
pod
S
Z
Page 46
Page 47
Rotation
y
D
D
center of rotation
Preimag
e
A(-3,0)
B(-3,3)
C(-1,3)
D(-1,0)
Image
A(0,3)
B(3,3)
C(3,1)
D(0,1)
Preimage
has been transformed by a 90
clockwise rotation about the
origin.
Page 48
Rotation
y
A'
center of rotation
Pre-image A has been

transformed by a 90 clockwise
rotation about the point (2, 0) to
form image AI.
Page 49
Reflection
y
Preimag
e
D(1,-2)
E(3,-2)
F(3,2)
Image
D(-1,2)
E(-3,-2)
F(-3,2)
Page 50
Translation
y
C
A
D
C
Preimage
A(1,2)
B(3,2)
C(4,3)
D(3,4)
E(1,4)
Image
A(-2,-3)
B(0,-3)
C(1,-2)
D(0,-1)
E(-2,-1)
Page 51
Dilation
y
A
A
C
Preimag Image
e
A(0,2) A(0,4)
B(2,0) B(4,0)
C(0,0) C(0,0)
Preimag
e
E
F
G
H
Image
E
E
F
G
H
F
H
H
Page 52
Perpendicular
Bisector
a segment, ray, line, or plane
that is perpendicular to a
segment at its midpoint
Z
Example:
Line s is perpendicular to XY.
M is the midpoint, therefore XM MY.
Z lies on line s and is equidistant
from X and Y.
Page 53
Constructions
Traditional constructions
involving a compass and
straightedge reinforce students
understanding of geometric
concepts. Constructions help
students visualize Geometry.
There are multiple methods to
most geometric constructions.
These cards illustrate only one
method. Students would benefit
from experiences with more
than one method and should be
able to justify each step of
geometric constructions.
Page 54
Construct
segment CD congruent to
segment AB
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Page 55
Construct
a perpendicular bisector of
segment AB
A
Fig. 1
A
Fig. 2
A
Fig. 3
Page 56
Construct
a perpendicular to a line
from point P not on the line
P
Fig. 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 4
Fig.
3
Page 57
Construct
a perpendicular to a line
from point P on the line
A
P
A
P
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
P
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 58
Construct
a bisector of A
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
A
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 59
Construct
Y congruent to A
Y
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Y
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 60
Construct
line n parallel to line m
through point P not on the
line
P
P
m
Fig.
Draw a line through

point P intersecting line
1m.
Fig. 2
P
n
m
Fig. 3
m
Fig. 4
Page 61
Construct
an equilateral triangle
inscribed
in a circle
Fig. 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 62
Construct
a square inscribed in a
circle
Fig. 1
Draw a diameter.
Fig. 2
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 63
Construct
a regular hexagon
inscribed
in a circle
Fig. 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 64
Construct
the inscribed circle of a
triangle
Fig. 1
Bisect all angles.
Fig. 2
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 65
Construct
the circumscribed circle
of a triangle
Fig. 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 66
Construct
a tangent from a point
outside a given circle to
the circle
P
P
Fig. 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Page 67
Triangles
Page 68
Classifying
Triangles
Scalene Isosceles Equilater
al
No
congruent
sides
No
congruent
angles
At least 2
congruent
sides
2 or 3
congruent
angles
3 congruent
sides
3 congruent
angles
All equilateral triangles are

isosceles.
Page 69
Classifying
Triangles
Acut Right Obtus Equiang
e
e
ular
3 acute
angles
1 right
angle
3
angles,
each
less
than
90
1 angle 1 angle
equals greater
90
than 90
1 obtuse 3 congruent
angle
angles
3 angles,
each
measures
60
Page 70
Triangle Sum
Theorem
B
A
C
measures of the interior angles

of a triangle = 180
mA + mB + mC = 180
Page 71
Exterior Angle
Theorem
B
1
A
C
Exterior angle, m1, is equal to

the sum of the measures of the
two nonadjacent interior angles.
m1 = mB + mC
Page 72
Pythagorean
Theorem
C
a
c
hypotenuse
If ABC is a right triangle, then

a2 + b2 = c2.
Conversely, if a2 + b2 = c2, then
ABC is a right triangle.
Page 73
Angle and Side

Relationships
A is the largest angle,
8
therefore BC is the
longest side.
38
A
88o 6
54o
12
A
8
88o 6
54o
38o
12
B is the
smallest
angle, therefore
AC is the
shortest side.
Page 74
Triangle
Inequality
Theorem
The sum of the lengths of any
two sides of a triangle is greater
than the length of the third side.
B
Example:
AB + BC > AC
> AB
AC + BC
Page 75
AB + AC > BC
Page 76
Congruent
Triangles
E
Two possible congruence

statements:
ABC FED
BCA EDF
Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Figures
A F
AB FE
Page 77
B E
BC ED
C D
CA DF
SSS Triangle
Congruence
Postulate
E
F
D
Example:
If Side AB FE,
Side AC FD, and
Page 78
Side BC ED ,
then ABC FED.
Page 79
SAS Triangle
Congruence
Postulate
B
C
A
Example:
If Side AB DE,
Angle A D, and
Side AC DF ,
then ABC DEF.
Page 80
HL Right
Triangle
Congruence
S
T X
Example:
If Hypotenuse RS XY, and
Leg ST YZ ,
then RST XYZ.
Page 81
ASA Triangle
Congruence
Postulate
B
C
D
Example:
If Angle A D,
Side AC DF , and
Angle C F
then ABC DEF.
Page 82
AAS Triangle
Congruence
Theorem
S
Example:
If Angle R X,
Angle S Y, and
Side ST YZ
then RST XYZ.
Page 83
Similar
Polygons
C
B
4
A
12
H
6
ABCD HGFE
2
E
Angles
A corresponds to
H
corresponds to
B corresponds to
G
corresponds to
C corresponds to
F
corresponds to
Sides
Page 84
D corresponds to
E
corresponds to
Corresponding angles are

congruent.
Corresponding sides are
proportional.
Page 85
Similar Polygons
and Proportions
B
C G
1
2
H
A
Corresponding vertices are listed in the

same order.
Example:
ABC HGF
AB
HG
12
x
BC
GF
6
4
The perimeters of the polygons are also

proportional.
Page 86
AA Triangle
Similarity
Postulate
S
Example:
If Angle R X and
Angle S Y,
then RST XYZ.
Page 87
SAS Triangle
Similarity
Theorem
B
E
14
C
A
12
F
6
Example:
If A D and
AB
DE
AC
DF
then ABC DEF.

Page 88
SSS Triangle
Similarity
Theorem
S
13
R
Y
6.5
5
T
12
2.5
Z
Example:
If
RT
XZ
RS
XY
ST
YZ
then RST XYZ.
Page 89
Altitude of a
Triangle
a segment from a vertex
perpendicular to the opposite
side
G
G
A
altitude
s
orthocente
r
B
J
B
IH
altitude/heig
ht
Every triangle has 3 altitudes.

The 3 altitudes intersect at a point called
the orthocenter.
Page 90
Median of a
Triangle
C
median
D is the midpoint of AB;

therefore, CD is a median of
ABC.
Every triangle has 3 medians.
Page 91
Concurrency of
Medians of a
Triangle
A
centroid
D
Medians of ABC intersect at P

and
2
2
2
AP = 3AF, CP = 3CE , BP = 3
BD.
Page 92
30-60-90
Triangle
Theorem
x
2x
60
30
30
60
Given:
short leg = x
Using equilateral triangle,
hypotenuse = 2 x
Applying the Pythagorean
Theorem,
Page 93
longer leg = x
Page 94
45-45-90
Triangle
Theorem
45
45
Given:
leg = x,
then applying the Pythagorean
Theorem;
hypotenuse2 = x2 + x2
Page 95
hypotenuse = x
Page 96
Geometric Mean
of two positive numbers a and b
is the positive number x that
satisfies
a
x
=
b.
x
x2 = ab and x = ab.
In a right triangle, the length of the
altitude is the geometric mean of
the lengths of the two segments.
A
x
B
4 C
Example:
=
, so x2 = 36 and x =
6.
Page 97
36
Trigonometric
Ratios
B
(hypotenus
c
e)
(side opposite
A)
(side adjacent
A)
sin A =side opposite =a

c
hypotenuse
A
b=
side adjacent
cos A =
c
hypotenuse
A
side opposite
tan A =
side
AAadjacent to
A
a=
b
Page 98
Inverse
Trigonometric
Ratios
B
Definition
Example
If tan A = x, then tan-1 x tan-1 a
b = mA
= mA.
If sin A = y, then sin-1 y = sin-1 a
c = mA
mA.
b
If cos A = z, then cos-1 z
cos-1 c = mA
= mA.
Page 99
Area of
Triangle
B
a
C
h
b
sin C = ah
h = asin C
A = bh (area of a triangle formula)
By substitution, A = 1
2b(asin C)
A=1
2absin C
1
2
Page 100
Polygons and
Circles
Page 101
Polygon Exterior
Angle Sum
Theorem
The sum of the measures of the
exterior angles of a convex
polygon is 360.
1
2
5
4
Page 102
Example:
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 +
m5 = 360
Polygon Interior
Angle Sum
Theorem
The sum of the measures of the
interior angles of a convex n-gon
is (n 2)180.
S = m1 + m2 + + mn = (n
2)180
1
2
5
3
Page 103
Example:
If n = 5, then S = (5 2)180
S = 3 180 = 540
Page 104
Regular
Polygon
a convex polygon that is both
equiangular and equilateral
Equilateral Triangle
Each angle measures 60o.
Square
Regular Pentagon
Regular Hexagon
Regular Octagon
Page 105
Properties of
Parallelograms
Opposite sides are parallel and
congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent.
Consecutive angles are
supplementary.
The diagonals bisect each other.
Page 106
Rectangle
A rectangle is a
parallelogram with four right
angles.
Diagonals are congruent.
Diagonals bisect each other.
Page 107
Rhombus
A rhombus is a parallelogram
with four congruent sides.
Diagonals are perpendicular.
Each diagonal bisects a pair of
opposite angles.
Page 108
Square
A square is a parallelogram
and a rectangle with four
congruent sides.
Diagonals are perpendicular.
Every square is a rhombus.
Page 109
Trapezoid
A trapezoid is a quadrilateral
with exactly one pair of
parallel sides.
Isosceles trapezoid A
trapezoid where the two base
angles are equal and
therefore the sides opposite
the base angles are also
equal.
Page 110
Circle
all points in a plane equidistant
from a given point called the
center
Point O is the center.

MN passes through the center
O and therefore, MN is a
diameter.
OP, OM, and ON are radii and
OP OM ON.
Page 111
RS and MN are chords.
Page 112
Circles
A polygon is an
inscribed polygon
if all of its vertices
lie on a circle.
A circle is considered
inscribed if it is
tangent to each side
of the polygon.
Page 113
Circle
Equation
y
(x,y
)
r
x
y
x
x2 + y2 = r2
circle with radius r and center at
the origin
standard equation of a circle
(x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2
with center (h,k) and radius r
Page 114
Page 115
Lines and
Circles
C
A
D
Secant (AB) a line that

intersects a circle in two
points.
Tangent (CD) a line (or ray
or segment) that intersects a
Page 116
circle in exactly one point, the

point of tangency, D.
Page 117
Secant
y
If two lines intersect in the

interior of a circle, then the
measure of the angle formed is
one-half the sum of the
measures of the intercepted
arcs.
m1 = (x + y)
1
2
Page 118
Tangent
Q
A line is tangent to a circle if and

only if the line is perpendicular
to a radius drawn to the point of
tangency.
QS is tangent to circle R at
point Q.
Radius RQ QS
Page 119
Tangent
C
If two segments from the same

exterior point are tangent to a
circle, then they are congruent.
AB and AC are tangent to the
circle
at points B and C.
Therefore, AB AC and AC = AB.
Page 120
Central Angle
an angle whose vertex is the
center of the circle
B
minor arc
AB
D
C
major arc
ADB
ACB is a central angle of circle

C.
Minor arc corresponding central angle is less
than 180
Major arc corresponding central angle is
greater than 180
Page 121
Page 122
Measuring
Arcs
B
C
70
110
R
A
Minor arcs
Major arcs
Semicircles
The measure of the entire circle is 360o.

The measure of a minor arc is equal to its
central angle.
Page 123
The measure of a major arc is the difference

between 360 and the measure of the
related minor arc.
Page 124
Arc Length
B
4
cm
120
Example:
Page 125
Secants and
Tangents
Secant-tangent
Two secants
x
1 y
Two tangents
1 y
1 y
m1 = (x- y)
1
2
Page 126
Inscribed
Angle
angle whose vertex is a point on
the circle and whose sides
contain chords of the circle
B
A
Page 127
Page 128
Area of a
Sector
region bounded by two radii and
their intercepted arc
Example:
cm
Page 129
Inscribed Angle
Theorem
D
B
A
If two inscribed angles of a circle

intercept the same arc, then the
angles are congruent.
BDC BAC
Page 130
Inscribed Angle
Theorem
B
A
O
mBAC = 90 if and only if BC is

a diameter of the circle.
Page 131
Inscribed Angle
Theorem
T
92
92
95
85
88
M, A, T, and H lie on circle J if

and only if
mA + mH = 180 and
mT + mM = 180.
85
Page 132
Segments in a
Circle
c
b
a
If two chords intersect in a

circle,
then ab = cd.
Example:
12(6) = 9x
72 = 9x
8=x
x
1
2
6
9
Page 133
Segments of
Secants
Theorem
A
B
D
AB AC = AD AE
Example:
6
16)
x
16
6(6 + x) = 9(9 +
36 + 6x = 225
Page 134
x = 31.5
Page 135
Segments of
Secants and
Tangents
Theorem
A
B
C
E
AE2 = AB AC
Example:
252 = 20(20 + x)2
5
625 = 400 + 20x
20
x
Page 136
x = 11.25
Page 137
ThreeDimensional
Figures
Page 138
Cone
solid that has a circular base, an
apex, and a lateral surface
apex
lateral surface
(curved surface of
cone)
slant height
(l)
height
(h)
radius(r)
base
V = r2h
1
3
L.A. (lateral surface area) = rl

S.A. (surface area) = r2 + rl
Page 139
Cylinder
solid figure with congruent
circular bases that lie in parallel
planes
base
height
(h)
bas
e
radius
(r)
V = r2h
L.A. (lateral surface area) = 2rh
S.A. (surface area) = 2r2 + 2rh
Page 140
Polyhedron
solid that is bounded by
polygons, called faces
Page 141
Similar Solids
Theorem
If two similar solids have a scale
factor of a:b, then their
corresponding surface areas have a
ratio of a2: b2, and their
corresponding
volumes have a ratio of a3: b3.
cylinder A
cylinder B
Page 142
Example
scale factor
a:b
ratio of
surface areas
ratio of
volumes
a2:
b2
a3:
b3
Page 143
3:2
9:4
27:8
Sphere
a three-dimensional surface of
which all points are
equidistant from
a fixed point
radiu
s
V = r3
4
3
S.A.
(surface area)
= 4r2
Page 144
Pyramid
polyhedron with a polygonal base
and triangular faces meeting in a
common vertex
vert
ex
slant
height (l)
height
(h)
area of base
(B)
perimeter of
base (p)
base
V = Bh
1
3
L.A. (lateral surface area) = lp

S.A. (surface area) = 1
2lp + B
1
2
Page 145

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