12

Chapter Twelve
Comparisons and Evaluations

"Unanswered Questions".

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A Practical Understanding of Pre- and Poststack Migrations

12.1 Which Algorithm is Best for a Given Application?

Kirchhoff:

This method can be a simple time migration, or a very complex prestack depth
migration.

Its application therefore depends on the complexity of the algorithm used.

FK or KK:

This method is ideal when the velocities are constant.

It works very well when the velocities vary smoothly.

It gives excellent results on many marine lines.

It can give an accurate time migration when many constant velocity passes are
made.

Downward continuation:

This method has the potential to accurately migrate any complex structure.

However:

Its accuracy is dependent on the algorithm used.

Finite difference algorithms are typically time migrations.

Phaseshift and wx migrations are typically depth migrations.

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Chapter 12 Comparisons and evaluations

Evaluate the following

Kirchhoff

FK

Downward
continuation

Wave eqn, migration

Robust
Accuracy
Ease of use
Noise
Focusing
Positioning
Carbonate/shale
velocity variations
Speed
Constant velocity
Vertical velocities V(z)
Lateral velocities V(x, y, z)
Structured geology
Aliasing
Processing datums
Others ???

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A Practical Understanding of Pre- and Poststack Migrations

12.2 Differences Between Time and Depth Migrations?

Time migration

Depth Migration

Wave eqn, migration

Robust
Accuracy
Ease of use
Noise
Focusing
Positioning
Carbonate/shale
velocity variations
Speed
Constant velocity
Vertical velocities V(z)
Lateral velocities V(x, y, z)
Structured geology
Aliasing
Processing datums
Others ???

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Chapter 12 Comparisons and evaluations

12.3 What Factors Are Considered when Choosing a

Migration Algorithm?

Speed
Sideswipe
Obliquity
Vertical velocity
Lateral velocity
Structured geology
Statics
Crooked lines
Positioning
Relative positioning
Focusing
Resolution
Cost
Mode conversions

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