FREQUENCY OF RCC BUILDING USING EIGEN VALUE EXTRACTION

METHOD
************
For the Eigen solution method, the user is required to specify all the
masses in the model along with the directions they are capable of vibrating
in. If this data is correctly provided, the program extracts as many modes
as the user requests (default value is 6) in ascending order of strain energy.
The mode shapes can be viewed graphically to verify that they make sense.
Modes and frequencies calculated by Modal Extraction and is performed
by solving the equation

The input which is important and relevant to the analysis of a structure for
frequencies
and modes using the eigenvalue extraction method is explained below.
The DENSITY command :
One of the critical components of a frequency analysis is the amount of
"mass" undergoing vibration. For a structure, this mass comes from the
selfweight, and from permanent/imposed loads on the building. To calculate
selfweight, density is required, and is hence specified under the command
CONSTANTS.
The CUT OFF MODE SHAPE command :
Theoretically, a structure has as many modes of vibration as the number
of degrees of freedom in the model. However, the limitations of the

mathematical process used in extracting modes may limit the number of

modes that can actually be extracted. In a large structure, the extraction
process can also be a very time consuming process. Further, not all modes
are of equal importance. (One measure of the importance of modes is the
participation factor of that mode.) In many cases, the first few modes may
be sufficient to obtain a significant portion of the total dynamic response.
Due to these reasons, in the absence of any explicit instruction, STAAD
calculates only the first 6 modes. (Versions of STAAD prior to STAAD/Pro
2000 calculated only 3 modes by default). This is like saying that the
command CUT OFF MODE SHAPE 6 has been specified. If the inspection of
the first 6 modes reveals that the overall vibration pattern of the structure
has not been obtained, one may ask STAAD to compute a larger (or
smaller) number of modes with the help of this
command. The number that follows this command is the number of modes
being
requested. In our example, we are asking for 10 modes by specifying CUT
OFF MODE
SHAPE 10.
The MODAL CALCULATION REQUESTED command:
This is the command which triggers the calculation of frequencies and
modes. It is
specified inside a load case. In other words, this command accompanies the
loads
which are to be used in generating the mass matrix. Frequencies and modes
have to be
calculated when dynamic analysis such as Response Spectrum or Time
History analysis
are carried out. But in such analyses, the MODAL CALCULATION REQUESTED
command
is not explicitly required. When STAAD encounters the commands for
response

spectrum

and time history, it automatically will carry out a frequency

extraction without
the help of the MODAL CALCULATION command.
The Masses for Mass Matrix [M]

The mathematical method that STAAD uses is called the sub space
iteration Eigen extraction method. The method involves 2 matrices

The stiffness matrix and

The mass matrix.

The stiffness matrix, [k] matrix, is assembled using data such as

member and element lengths, member and element properties,
modulus of elasticity, poissons ratio, member and element releases,
member offsets, support information, etc.

For assembling the mass matrix, called the [M] matrix, STAAD uses the
load data specified in the load case in which the MODAL CAL REQ.
command is specified.

So, some of the imported aspects to bear in mind are

The input you specify is weights, not masses, intensity, STAAD will
convert
weights to masses by dividing, the input by g, the acceleration due
to
gravity.
Viewing the mode shapes:
After the analysis is completed, select Post-processing from the mode
menu. This screen contains facilities for graphically examining the shape of
the mode in static and animated views. The Dynamics page on the left side
of the screen is available for viewing the shape of the mode statically. The
Animation option of the Results menu can be used for animating the mode.
The mode number can be selected from the "Loads and Results" tab of the
"Diagrams" dialog box which comes up when the Animation option is

chosen. The size to which the mode is drawn is controlled using the
"Scales" tab of the "Diagrams" dialog box.
Example:
Data:
Building size : 24m x 24m (6 Bays each bay 4m )
Height : 21m (7 Bays each bay 3.0m)
Column size: 0.40m x 0.40m
Beam size : 0.30m x 0.30m
Concrete M30

24.00

4.00

Steel Fe 415

BEAMS ARE OF SIZE 0.3 X .30

4.00
24.00

COLUMN ARE OF SIZE 0.4 X .40

PLAN

3.00

21.00

BEAMS ARE OF SIZE 0.3 X .30

COLUMN ARE OF SIZE 0.4 X .40

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

ELEVATION

1.Creation of Geometry:
New Project Space File: Eigen value Extraction Method Unit :
Length=metre : Force=KN Next Open structure wizard Finish.
Change to Frame Models from Truss models Select Bay Frame and
double click on it.
Length (Along X Direction)= 24.0m.
=4.0m

No. of bays =6

Height (Along Y Direction) =3.0m. No. of bays

=3.0m
Width (Along Z Direction) =24.0m. No. of bays
Apply Transfer model Click Yes OK.
Switch off the Grid.

=1
=6

Each Bay
Each Bay
Each Bay =4.0

2. Property:
Click General Property Define Rectangular YD=0.40m ZD=0.40m
(column) Add. YD=0.30m ZD=0.30m (Beam) AddClose.
High light YD=0.40 ZD=0.40 and Go to Main menu Select Beam
parallel to Y axis Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.
Highlight YD=0.30 ZD=0.30 and

Select Beams parallel to X axis and

select
Beam parallel to Z axis Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.
Select the entire structure. Go to Geometry Translational repeat Y
direction.
No. of steps=6

Default spacing=3m check Link steps Ok.

Go to Command menu Miscellaneous Cut off mode shapes. Enter Max.

number of
Mode shapes=10.
3. Supports :
Front view Click support Create Fixed Add. Highlight support 2.
Select node
cursor and select bottom most nodes by windowing
Assign to selected nodes Assign Yes Close.
De select the nodes and change to beam cursor.
4.Loading :
Click Loads & Definitions Click Load case details Add.

Primary No.1 Loading Type: None

Title: Load case 1 Add.
Click Load case 1 Add.
Self weight Direction X Factor 1 Add.
Self weight Direction Y Factor 1 Add.
Self weight Direction Z Factor 1 Add.
Click Floor Load

pressure= 3KN/m2

Global X

Y range mini= 0 m; max=21.0m Add.

Pressure= 3KN/m2

Global Y

Y range mini= 0 m; max=21.0m Add.

Pressure= 3KN/m2

Global Z

Y range mini= 0 m; max=21.0m Add.

Highlight self weight X Assign to view Assign Yes.
Highlight self weight Y Assign to view Assign Yes.
Highlight self weight Z Assign to view Assign Yes.
Load case 1 Add.
Frequency - Model Calculation Add.
5. Analysis Type:
Page control Analysis/Print No print Add.
Click post printDefine Commands Analysis ResultsAddClose.
6.Perform Analysis:

From Main Menu Commands Run Analysis Go to post processing

mode Done.
7. Result :
Click output icon. Click result.

Eigen solution

Participation Factors.

Click Deflections.
Page control Click Dynamic - Mode 1 . See the result on mode
participation factor,
Similarly for
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
Mode 8
Animation
Enter
Extra Frame =45
Target FPS =65 Apply OK.
See the result of animation for Mode 1, Mode 2.
Scales Mode scale decrease the scale Apply.
See the Mode 1 & Mode 2.
Loads & Results Scales.
See the Mode 1 & Mode 2.
Note:1. In step 1 modeling before applying Translational repeat, add following:
CommandsMiscellaneous Mode shape . max. No. of Mode
shape=10 Ok.
2. While giving Property, density of material has to be specified and
check with Staad editor whether the density of material is calculated or
not.