Water Engineering &

Hydraulics

Dr. Tamer Eshtawi

Second semester, 2016

Lecture 5

Pipe Network Analysis

Pipe Networks
A hydraulic model is useful for examining the impact
of design and operation decisions.
Simple systems, such as those discussed in last
chapters can be solved using a hand calculator.
However, more complex systems require more effort
even for steady state conditions, but, as in simple
systems, the flow and pressure-head distribution
through a water distribution system must satisfy the
laws of conservation of mass and energy.

Pipe Networks
The equations to solve Pipe network must
satisfy the following condition:
The net flow into any junction must be zero

Q 0
The net head loss a round any closed loop must be
zero. The HGL at each junction must have one and
only one elevation
All head losses must satisfy the Moody and minorloss friction correlation

Node, Loop, and Pipes

Pipe

Node

Loop

Hardy Cross Method

This method based on:

Q 0

Junction

Loop

1- A distribution of flows in each pipe is estimated such that

the total inflow must be equal to the outflow at each junction
throughout the network system
The interflow in the network has +ve sign
The outflow from the network has -ve sign

2- Neglect Minor loss

3- In each loop
h

Loop

4- If the direction of flow is clockwise it take +ve sign,

otherwise it take ve sign

5- If h

the flow is correct other wise, the assumed

flow must be corrected as the flowing:
Loop

hF kQ n
(1)
n 2 Darcy , Manning
n 1.85 Hazen William

Q Qo
(2)

from 1 & 2
nn 1 n 2 2
n

n 1
hf kQ k Qo k Qo nQo
Qo ....
2

Neglect terms contains 2

For each loop

h
loop

hf kQn k Qon nQon1

kQ n 0
loop

kQ n kQon nkQ n 1 0

kQon

n 1
nkQ
o

6- After calculation

hF

hF
n
Qo

correct Qo and check

h
Loop

Example 1
Solve the following pipe network using Hazen William Method CHW =100
63 L/s

11.4

24

pipe

305m

150mm

305m

150mm

610m

200mm

457m

150mm

153m

200mm

4
2
37.8 L/s

5
25.2 L/s

hf

10.7 L
1.852
Q
C HW 100, Q in L/s
1.852
4.87
C HW
D

1.852

10.7 L
Q
hf

1.852
4.87
1000
C HW
D

h f 6.02 109 4.87 Q1.852

D

h f K Q1.852

hF
0.28
1

0.24
hF 1.850.64
n
Qo

hF
0.45
2

0.57
hF 1.850.43
n
Qo

for pipe 2 in loop 1

1 2
for pipe 2 in loop 2
2 1

hF
0.18
1

0.15
hF 1.850.64
n
Qo

hF
0.07
1

0.09
hF 1.850.42
n
Qo

for pipe 2 in loop 1

1 2
for pipe 2 in loop 2
2 1