Furniture-project#4-The

Bauhaus
Vincent ma

Bauhaus
was an art school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts,
and was famous for the approach to design that it publicised and
taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933.
The school existed in three German cities: Weimar from 1919 to
1925, Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and Berlin from 1932 to 1933. The
changes of venue and leadership resulted in a constant shifting of
focus, technique, instructors, and politics.

Designer related to the

Bauhaus
Marcel Breuer
Born: 1902 AD
Died: 1981 AD
Nationality: Hungarian
Categories: Architects, Furniture Designer

The first half of his life

1902 He was an influential modernist who born on

the 21st day of May this year in Hungary.
1920 He studied and taught at the Bauhaus, stressing
the combination of art and technology, and eventually
became the head of the carpentry shop there.
1925 He may be best known for his design of the
Wassily Chair, the first tubular bent-steel chair,
designed this year for Wassily Kandinsky and inspired in
part by bicycle handlebars.
1930 Due to the rise of the Nazi party in Germany, he
was relocated to London.

The afternoon of his life

1941 He dissolved his partnership
with Gropius in May this year and
established his own firm in New York.
1945 Its The Geller House I, which is
the first to employ his concept of the
binuclear house.
1949 A demonstration house set up in
the MOMA garden caused a new flurry
of interest in the architects work, and
an appreciation written by Peter Blake.
1953 The commission for UNESCO
headquarters in Paris was a turning
point for him: his return to Europe,
which is a return to larger projects after
years of only residential commissions,
and the beginning of his adoption of
concrete as his primary medium.
1969 He developed a 30-story
proposed skyscraper over Grand Central
Terminal, called "Grand Central Tower",
which Ada Louise Huxtable called a
gargantuan tower of aggressive
vulgarity. His reputation was damaged
in New York.

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Wassily chair
also known as the Model B3 chair,
was designed by Marcel Breuer in 19251926 while he was the head of the
cabinet-making workshop at
the Bauhaus.

the chair was not designed for the non

objective painter Wassily Kandinsky,
who was concurrently on
the Bauhaus faculty. However,
Kandinsky had admired the completed
design, and Breuer fabricated a
duplicate for Kandinsky's personal
quarters. The chair became known as
"Wassily" decades later, when it was
released by an Italian manufacturer
named Gavina who had learned of the
anecdotal Kandinsky connection in the
course of his research on the chair's
origins.

Wassily chair
Wassily chair

This chair was revolutionary in the

use of the materials (bent
tubular steel and canvas) and
methods of manufacturing

Most popular architectural

Whitney Museum of American Art
(New York, 1966)
A muscular concrete stack amidst
the stately homes of Manhattans
Upper East Side, the Whitney
imposes itself on the neighborhood,
an architectural statement as
challenging as the work housed
inside. The granite exterior,
ascending edges and upside-down
windows, initially seen as pushy and
gauche, are now recognized as
inspired and grandiose.

Popular work
Years
1924
The Thuringian State Government
terminates employment contracts
for the masters and the director;
the budget committee of the
Landtag (state legislative assembly)
cuts...
This version of the slatted chair is a
further development of a design
dating from 1922, which was based
on the design principles of De Stijl.
The elastic and inclined seat, as well
as the elastic rear belts, was
intended to promote a comfortable
and ergonomic seated posture.

Popular work
Years
1921
According to the statutes of the
Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar, the
teachers are called masters and the
students are apprentices and
journeymen

Best one popular for me

The throne-like African Chair evolved from a joint project in the carpentry and textile workshops of
the early Bauhaus. Marcel Breuer built the five-legged frame with an extravagant backrest
construction; Gunta Stlzl was responsible for the textile components. For the backrest, Stlzl
stitched abstract shapes made from a durable material into the warp yarns using a tapestry technique
and spanned this using the holes in the three vertical posts. The still-visible warp yarns, the distinct
traces of workmanship on the wood elements and their painted dcor are reminiscent of works of
folk art.

Gunta stolel

Marcel breuer

Why crucial
One of the most important contributions of the Bauhaus is in the field
of modern furniture design. The ubiquitous Cantilever chair and
the Wassily Chair designed by Marcel Breuer are two examples.
(Breuer eventually lost a legal battle in Germany with Dutch
architect/designer Mart Stam over the rights to the cantilever chair
patent

influence
The influence of the Bauhaus on design education was significant.
One of the main objectives of the Bauhaus was to unify art, craft, and
technology, and this approach was incorporated into the curriculum
of the Bauhaus. The structure of the Bauhaus Vorkurs (preliminary
course) reflected a pragmatic approach to integrating theory and
application

Designer related to the

Bauhaus
Lilly Reich (16 June 188514
December 1947) was a
German modernist designer. She
was a close collaborator
with Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe for
more than ten years.
Lilly Reich was born in Berlin, In
1908 she put her embroidery
training to use when she went
to Vienna to work for the Wiener
Werksttte (Vienna Workshop), a
visual arts production company of
designers, artists, and architects.

she designed a sample workingclass flat in the Berlin

Gewerkschaftshaus, or Trade Union
House in 1911

Designer related to the

Bauhaus
In 1920 Lilly became the first woman
elected to the governing board of the
Deutscher Werkbund.
In 1929 she became the artistic director
for the German contribution to the
Barcelona World Exposition, where van
der Rohe designed his world-famous
pavilion. This is where the famous
Barcelona chair made its first
appearance. This pavilion was
considered the highlight of their design
efforts. In 1932 Lilly was asked by van
der Rohe to teach at the Bauhaus and
direct the interior design workshop. The
Bauhaus was closed shortly after in
1933 by the Nazis who saw their work
as degenerate art, probably influenced
by Jews. She taught at the Hochschule
fr bildende Knst after the Second
World War, but not for long because she
became ill and had to resign. She died a
few years later in 1947 in Berlin.

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MR 10
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Design: 1927
Production: 1927 - 30
Manufacturer: Berliner Metallgewerbe
Josef Mller, Berlin
Size: 79.5 x 46.5 x 71; seat height 40cms
Material: nickel-plated tubular steel,
iron wool
The semicircular curves of the front
legsenhance this effect, since they
optimally support the springy function
of the tubing.

Lilly Reich and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Through her involvement with the Werkbund Reich, Lilly also

met Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. In 1926 she moved from Frankfurt to
Berlin to work with Mies. She was Van Der Rohe's personal and
professional partner for 13 years from 1925 until his emigration to the
U.S. in 1938. It is said that they were constant companions, working
together on curating and implementing exhibitions for the Werkbund,
as well as designing modern furniture as part of larger architectural
commissions, such as the Barcelona Pavilion in 1929 and the Tugendhat
House in Brno. Two of their best known modern furniture designs from
this period are the Barcelona Chair and Brno Chair.