GM LOCOMOTIVE

AN OVERVIEW

MODERN TRENDS IN DIESEL

TECHNOLOGY
Environment Friendly Emission Control
Low Fuel and Lube Oil Consumption

Low Maintenance Input

High Availability and Reliability

High Tractive Effort

Operational Flexibility
AC/AC Traction

WORLD SCENERIO OF DIESEL

LOCO TECHNOLOGY
Pre 1960

1960-1985

1985-1995

1995 onwards

RHP/T

10

15

20

30

Aux drive
T/Gen

Mech
drive
DC

Mech
drive
AC

Motor
drive
AC

Motor
drive
AC

T/Motor

DC

DC

DC

AC

Wheel slip Detect

Detect &
Correct

Micro
processor
control

Controlled
creep

Adhesion

27%

33%

42%

22%

FREIGHT LOCO: WDG4

COMPARISON WITH OTHER

LOCOS
Availability

Trip
schedule
Starting
Tract Effort

WDM2
81%
10-15 days

30.4 t

GM LOCO
>90%
90 days

53 t

COMPARISON WITH OTHER

LOCOS
WDM2

GM LOCO

Balancing
Speed(kmph)
(4700 t-level)

59

85

Lube Oil
Consumption
(% of Fuel)

1.5

0.5

SFC (gm/Bhp Hr)

156

153

BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY

High adhesion
Improved safety
Ease of maintenance
Operational flexibility
Economy
Cleaner environment

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
HIGH ADHESION
Starting Load on 1:150 Gradient

WDM 2
WDG 2
WAG 5
WAG 9

BOXN
33
47
38
52

WDG4

58

Tonnes
2700
3850
3110
4258

4750

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
HIGH ADHESION
Radar

based creep control system perfected

by GM through years of research. Pioneers in
this technology. So far unsurpassed.

Enables

very high exploitation of adhesion

resulting in tractive efforts much beyond that
obtained on higher horse power electric or
diesel locomotives

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
High Adhesion Mechanism
4000 hp WDG4 hauls more than 6000 hp locos
Normally, due to slip between rail and wheels full
power of a loco is not converted into traction
WDG4 technology keeps friction very close to
limiting (peak) friction and prevents uncontrolled
slip. It keeps comparing the wheel speed with
land speed with the help of a radar
This permits full exploitation of adhesion to be
applied in traction

WDG4 Adhesion Control

The Concept
Max exploitation of creep
F

Normal locos
operate in this
region and
never reach
the peak
friction in a
controlled way

By achieving a controlled
slip WDG4 maximizes
traction.

Close watch on control of slip made possible due to a land

speed sensing radar, which keeps the slip in the blue zone.

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
IMPROVED SAFETY
Blending of dynamic and air brakes, not
available on any other electric or diesel
locomotive in India
Higher safety due to better dynamic brakes;
nearly 50 % higher braking power as
compared to conventional locomotives
effective right down to standstill
Inbuilt vigilance control device ensures that
driver is alert

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
BLENDED BRAKES
Optimises mix of dynamic and air brakes
to minimise wear on wheel and brake blocks

At higher speeds dynamic braking

does not provide enough braking
power. Balance made up by
air brake intelligently

This braking effort is available

From Dynamic Braking

Speed

BENEFITS OF GM TECHNOLOGY
IMPROVED SAFETY
80
60
40
20
0

WDM2

Braking distance (km)

3.
5

2.
5

1.
5

WDG4
0.
5

Spd(km /h)

Dynamic Braking 58 BOXNs from 65 km/h speed

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
EASE OF MAINTENANCE
Modular design of sub-systems
State of the art on board diagnostics for monitoring
of loco health and performance
AC motors for traction as well as auxiliaries

Self load test feature

Major Maintenance Schedules
Top overhaul after 3 years
Bogie overhaul after 6 years
Complete overhaul (POH) after 18 years

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY
Compatibility with heavy haul loads hauled by
highest power electric loco.
Fewer Shed visits: once in 92 days
Loco can travel long distances from shed

Starting at gradients no problem

Operational Flexibility-II
One loco can do the job of two conventional
Locotrol compatibile
Fit for high speed 100kmph freight trains
Remote diagnostics allows constant monitoring

TRACTIVE EFFORT
Loco
WDM3
A
WDM3
D
WDG3
WDG4
WAG5
WAG7
WAG9

Type

HP

Weight

Adhesio
n

AC/DC

3100

112.8

27%

31 T

AC/DC

3300

117

31%

36 T

AC/DC
AC/AC
AC/DC
AC/DC
AC/AC

3300
4000
4000
6000
6000

123
126
119
123
123

33%
42%
27%
33%
38%

41 T
53 T
33 T
41 T
47 T

TE

GOODS LOCOS
Type

Gros Start
s HP Tractive
Effort (KN)
298

Specific
Fuel
Consumpt
ion
163

Balancing
speed 59
BOXN
Wagons
58 Kmph

WDM2

2600

WDG3A 3100

398

156

65 Kmph

WDG4

4000

540

154

75 Kmph

WDG4

4500

540

154

82 Kmph

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
ECONOMY

10% higher Availability means fewer locomotives

Lesser maintenance means one third staff
Lesser Maintenance means smaller
shed infrastructure
Higher HP and tractive effort means longer and
faster trains, hence higher throughput, quicker
turnaround
Fuel consumption reduced by 20%

FUEL SAVING
220
200

SFC

180
GM
ALCO

160
140
120
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NOTCH

BENEFITS OF GM
TECHNOLOGY
CLEANER ENVIRONMENT

Has better exhaust emissions

WDG4 meets American Standards in

emission control. Means minimal pollution.
Upgradable to Tier II

More fuel efficient design hence lower

consumption of fossil fuels

EXHAUST EMISSIONS

15
10
GM

Alco

0
Nox HC

GM
CO

PASSENGER LOCO: WDP4

WDP4 to WDP4D
19.5 T axle load and 160 kmph
Ao1Ao1 configuration-4 motor
Changed to six motor 120kmph WDP4B
Changed to dual cab 135kmph WDP4D

NEW CONCEPTS AND

TECHNOLOGIES

HIGH TRACTION BOGIE

RADIAL BOGIE
THREE PHASE AC:AC TRACTION
NEW MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

High Tractive Effort High speed Bogie

BENEFITS OF MICRO PROCESSOR

AC:AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
BETTER SLIP CONTROL & HIGHER
ADHESION- ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS HAVE
STEEP SPEED TORQUE CHARACTERISTIC.
ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS CAN ALWAYS BE
OPERATED AT THE OPTIMAL POINT OF
THEIR CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
A/SYN MOTORS HAVE HIGHER POWER TO
WEIGHT RATIO
ALL MOTORS ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM PROVIDES
CONTROLLED CREEP

TURBO CLEAN ROOM

DECK MILLING

LASER HARDENING
Laser hardened liners instead of chrome
plated
DLW has set up laser hardening facility

LAYOUT
ENGINE
TURBO

EQUIPMENT RACK

ALTERNATOR

NOMEMCLATURE

710 G 3 B
CUBIC INCH VOL PER
CYL
NEW GEN FUEL ECONOMY ENG

EVOLUTION
567: A-D
645: E-F
710: G

RAILROAD ENG TURBOCHARGED

ELECTRIC MACHINES
EMD locomotives

Alco locomotives

Squirrel cage Traction Motor

WDG4: 1TB 2622 OTA 02
WDP4: 1TB 2622 OTB 02

DC Series Traction Motor

WDG3A : 4907 AZ
WDM3D: 5002

Traction Alternator (TA17 CA9)

Consists: TA+ CA+ Rectifier

Traction Alternator 10102EV

(Rectifier, AG and Excited
separately mounted on
Alternator)

DB hatch

Horizontal Type or EMD type

Radiator Cooling Fan (AC 3 phase

machine)

Fan Driven by ECC

Auxiliary Generator (AC 3 Phase

Generator with pilot exciter)

Auxiliary Generator (DC Shunt

type, Series winding provided
for starting)

Starter Motor

Auxiliary Generator + Exciter

Location of Electrical Machines

DB Fans

Traction Motor

Alternator

Aux Gen

Dust bin blower

Radiator Cooling Fans

TL soak back pump motor

Starting Motor

DB Vs Speed Characteristic (ALCO)

DB Vs Speed Characteristic (EMD)

DC-DC TRACTION DRIVE

FLEXIBLE
COUPLING

DIESEL
ENGINE

TRACTION MOTOR

Generator

AC-DC TRACTION DRIVE

FLEXIBLE
COUPLING

DIESEL
ENGINE

TRACTION MOTOR

Alternator

Rectifier

3 PHASE
CONTROLLED
OUTPUT

AC-AC TRACTION DRIVE

FLEXIBLE
COUPLING

DIESEL
ENGINE

DC LINK CAPACITOR

Alternator
+
Rectifier

TRACTION MOTOR

TCC

3 PHASE
CONTROLLED
OUTPUT

Evolution of loco brakes - I

28LAV-1/ IRAB-1
Discrete valves scattered all over loco
Control through pneumatic valves

Rack Mounted Brake system

Brake valves fitted on rack
Control through pneumatic valves

Panel Mounted Brake system

Brake valves fitted on rack, PCB concept for piping
Control through pneumatic valves

Evolution of loco brakes - II

Electronic (D&M E-70)
Electrical signal from drivers desk to panel
Pneumatic logic control
Used on WAG9 locomotives

CCB

Microprocessor-based control
Panel mounted modular design with minimum valves
Introduced by Knorr Bremse in 1989
Used on WDG4 and WDP4 locomotives

Equipment Rack

CENTRALIZED AIR SYSTEM

A source of clean air is
required for the locomotive
to operate effectively
The heart of the clean air
system is a section of the
Carbody.
The rear of the electrical
cabinet makes up the front
wall of the air compartment.
The back wall is made up of
the main generator and a
partition fitted around the
main generator
One opening is provided for
air to the engine and
another opening is provided
for auxiliary generator and
main generator blower drive

THANK YOU