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Dc circuits
NEE 311

Engr. Jessica Laine Tumbaga

General policies
Absence in excess of 20% of total required number of meetings
per term will be given a mark of D Dropped unofficially.
Late in excess of 25% of the scheduled class duration will be
considered absent (15 minutes for a 1 hour class; 23 minutes for
a 1-1/2 hour class; 30 minutes for a 2 hour class). Reference time
is DOSTs JUAN TIME.
Only missed major exams may be given a special make-up exam
with valid reasons and upon presentation of related documents.
Missed quizzes will be given a score of 0.
Cheating will be automatically penalized with a final grade of
5.0.
Going out of the class during exams is NOT ALLOWED.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

Grading system
Prelim

Midterm

Finals

Quizzes (Q)

33%

Quizzes (Q)

33%

Quizzes (Q)

33%

Prelim Exam (PE)

67%

Midterm Exam (ME)

67%

Final Exam (FE)

67%

Tentative Midterm
Grade (TMG)

100%

Tentative Final
Grade (TFG)

100%

Prelim Grade (PG) 100%

Midterm Grade=

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Final Grade=

Saturday, June 18, 2016

COURSE OUTLINE
Basic Concepts
Introduction
System of Units
Charge and Current
Voltage
Power and Energy
Circuit Elements
Basic Laws
Ohms Law
Nodes, Branches and Loops
Kirchhoffs Laws
Series, Parallel Circuits; Voltage Divider and Current Divider
Principle
Wye-Delta Transformations
Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

Course outline (Contd)

Methods of Analysis
Introduction
Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis
Network Theorems
Introduction
Superposition
Source Transformation
Thevenins Theorem
Nortons Theorem
Maximum Power Transfer

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

Course outline (Contd)

Inductors and Capacitors
Series and Parallel Inductors
Series Parallel Capacitors
First-Order Circuits
Source-Free RL Circuit
Source-Free RC Circuit

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

INTRODUCTION
In electrical engineering, we are often interested in
communicating or transferring energy from one point to another.
To do this requires an interconnection of electrical devices. Such
interconnection is referred to as an electric circuit, and each
component of the circuit is known as an element.
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT is an interconnection of electrical elements.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

System of units
An international measurement language is the International
System of Units (SI), adopted by the General Conference on
Weights and Measures in 1960.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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Charge and current

The concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for
explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity
in an electric circuit is the electric charge.
CHARGE is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which
matter consists, measured in coulomb (C).

Where:
N = # of particles
Q = charge (C)
C = charge of a particle
Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF CHARGE

states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed, only
transferred. Thus the algebraic sum of the electric charges in a
system does not change.
A unique feature of electric charge or electricity is the fact
that it is mobile; that is, it can be transferred from one place to
another, where it can be converted to another form of energy. This
motion of charges creates electric current.
By convention introduced by
Benjamin
Franklin
(17061790), the current flow follows
with the movement of positive
charges.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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ELECTRIC CURRENT is the dime rate of change of charge,

measured in amperes (A).

Where:
i = current (A)
dq/dt = rate of change of charge w.r.t. time
1 ampere = 1 coulomb / second
Similarly,

Here, we represent current as i because there can be several

types of current; that is, charge can vary with time in several ways.
If the current does not change with time, but remains constant, we
call it a direct current (dc). Otherwise, we call it alternating current
(ac).
Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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TRIVIA:
Andre-Marie Ampere (1775
1836), a French mathematician and
physicist, laid the foundation of
electrodynamics. He dened the electric
current and developed a way to measure
it in the 1820s. Born in Lyons, France,
Ampere at age 12 mastered Latin in a few
weeks, as he was intensely interested in
mathematics and many of the best
mathematical works were in Latin. He
was a brilliant scientist and a prolic
writer. He formulated the laws of
electromagnetics. He invented the
electromagnet and the ammeter.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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DIRECT CURRENT (DC) is a current that remains constant with

time.

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) is a current that varies

sinusoidally with time.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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As mentioned earlier, the direction of current ow is conventionally

taken as the direction of positive charge movement. Based on this
convention, a current of 5 A may be represented positively or
negatively as shown in the figure above. In other words, a negative
current of A owing in one direction as shown in (b) is the same as
a current of A owing in the opposite direction.
Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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Problems:

1. How much charge is represented by 4,600 electrons?

Ans. -7.369 x 10-16 C
2. Calculate the amount of charge represented by six million
protons?
3. The total charge entering the terminal is given by q = 5t sin 4t
mC. Calculate the current at t = 0.5s.
Ans. 31.42 mA

4. If in problem 3, q = (10 10e-2t) mC, find the current at t = 1.0s.

5. Determine the total charge entering a terminal between t = 1s

and t = 2s if the current passing the terminal is i = (3t2 t ) A.
Ans. 5.5 C

6. The current flowing through an element is

Calculate the charge entering the element from t=0 to t=2 s.
Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016

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Albert Einstein

~The End~
Engr. J.L. Tumbaga

Saturday, June 18, 2016