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Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Hu, Ning, Itoi, Takaomi, Akagi, Taro, Kojima, Takashi, Xue, Junmin, Yan,
Cheng, Atobe, Satoshi, Fukunaga, Hisao, Yuan, Weifeng, Ning, Huiming,
Surina, , Liu, Yaolu, & Alamusi,
(2013)
Ultrasensitive strain sensors made from metal-coated carbon
nanofiller/epoxy composites.
Carbon, 51, pp. 202-212.
This file was downloaded from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/70083/
(a)
Ni
Agglomeration
(b)
Ni
20
Figure 2. SEM and TEM images of V-Ni before acid-treatment. a) SEM image and
elemental map. b) TEM images.
(a)
Ni
(b)
Ni
21
Figure 3. SEM and TEM images of V-Ni after acid-treatment. a) SEM image and
elemental map. b) TEM images.
(a)
Ni
(b)
Ni
22
Figure 4. SEM and TEM images of V-Ag. a) SEM image and elemental map (after
acid-treatment). b) TEM images (after acid-treatment). c) high magnification TEM
image (after acid-treatment). d) TEM and SEM images (before acid-treatment).
(a)
Ag
Ag
(b)
continued
23
(c)
Ag
0.24 nm
(111)Ag
VGCF
(d)
Ag
24
(c)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
(b)
3.0wt.%
5.0wt.%
6.0wt.%
7.0wt.%
9.0wt.%
K=2
30
25
20
2.5wt.%
3.0wt.%
5.0wt.%
K=2
15
10
5
0
0
40
3.0wt.%
5.0wt.%
6.0wt.%
7.0wt.%
9.0wt.%
K=2
20
0
0
60
25
20
15
3.0wt.%
5.0wt.%
6.0wt.%
7.0wt.%
9.0wt.%
K=2
10
5
0
0
100
80
60
40
3.0wt.%
5.0wt.%
6.0wt.%
7.0wt.%
9.0wt.%
K=2
20
0
0
(f)
120
80
30
Micro-strain
Micro-strain
(e)
100
35
(d)
Resistance change ratio [%]
(a)
Micro-strain
54.60
20.09
7.39
2.72
1.00
0.37
0.14
0.05
0.02
2.5wt.%
3.0wt.%
5.0wt.%
K=2
148.4
403.4
Micro-strain
25
140
MWCNT
M-Ni
M-Cu
Gauge factor
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Nanofiller loading [wt.%]
200
VGCF
V-Ni
V-Cu
V-Ag
Gauge factor
160
120
80
40
0
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nanofiller loading [wt.%]
26
(a)
MWCNT 3wt.%
M-Cu 3wt.%
Pristine
CNF/Epoxy composite
VGCF 3wt.%
Metal-coated
V-Cu 3wt.%
CNF/Epoxy composite
Relatively modest
aggregates
Relatively modest
aggregates
(b)
Sparse network
Intensive network
27
Continued
(c)
Nanofillers
(d)
V-Ni 5wt.%
V-Cu 5wt.%
V-Ag 5wt.%
28
Table 1. Property of MWCNT and VGCF, and mass ratio of carbon and metals
Properties
Fiber diameter [nm]
Fiber length [m]
Purity [%]
Mass ratio between C
and metals
C:Ni
C:Cu
C:Ag
MWCNT
40~90
10~30
>99.5
Before acid treatment
VGCF
150
8
>99
After acid treatment
1:2.5
1:1
1:1.5
1:0.5
1:0.5
1:0.82
VGCF
1
22.4
3.3
-2
X10
4.68
X10
V-Ni
V-Cu
2
11.6
104.05
1.13
-0
X10
1.90
-3
X10
1.54
-4
X10
Percolation
Threshold
(wt.%)
MWCNT
0.1
3
8.6
16.17
36.88
43.01
134.5
154.5
2.11
0
X10
2.96
-2
X10
1.65
-3
X10
8.28
-3
X10
8.36
-4
X10
3.31
-3
X10
4.01
-5
X10
V-Ni
1.78
4.86
X10
-3
-5
M-Ni
1.5
2.26
X10
V-Ag
2.5
42.46
-4
M-Cu
1.85
VGCF
0.95
29
4
7.6
34.56
5.44
0
X10
3.54
X10
-2
V-Cu
1.75
5
6.2
9.47
14.18
34.66
76.68
122.23
1.04
1
X10
7.58
-2
X10
7.79
-2
X10
3.31
-1
X10
1.66
-3
X10
1.95
-2
X10
1.17
-4
X10
V-Ag
1.8
34.13
76.5
69.08
107.87
21.92
64.42
53.78
97.35
20.58
48.55
43.7
92.52
3.95
X10
-1
8.76
X10
-2
2.54
X10
-2
3.39
X10
-4
1.54
X10
1.28
X10
-1
7.32
X10
-2
9.11
X10
-4
9.94
X10
3.34
X10
-1
2.89
X10
-1
1.27
X10
-3