DASH7 Alliance Protocol

D7A Meeting Paris

June 16th, 2014

Yordan Tabakov PAG Chair

yordan@wizzilab.com

ORIGINES

The DASH7 Alliance Protocol originates from ISO/IEC 18000-7

ISO/IEC 18000 is an interna@onal standard describing diverse RFID
technologies, each u@lizing a unique frequency range.

ISO/IEC 18000-7 ( dash 7 ) describes the parameters for ac@ve air
interface communica@ons at 433 MHz (2008 - 2009)

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

OPEN WSN STANDARD

The DASH7 Alliance enhanced ISO
18000-7 to Ultra Low Power Long
Range WSN.

The DASH7 Alliance is working on
the expansion of the air interface
to all sub-GHz ISM bands.

Today D7A is evolving as an
independent Open Standard for
Wireless Sensor Networks.

Low cost

Very
Low
Power

Open
Standard

Long
Range

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

HISTORY

Jan
2009

Mar
2009

Apr
2011

Jul
2013

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

Dec
2013

June
2014

B.L.A.S.T. Networking Technology

Bursty: Data transfer is abrupt and does not include content such as video, audio, or
other isochronous forms of data
Light: For most applica@ons, packet sizes are limited to 256 bytes. Transmission of
mul@ple, consecu@ve packets may occur but is generally avoided if possible.
Asynchronous: DASH7's main method of communica@on is by command-response,
which by design requires no periodic network "hand-shaking" or synchroniza@on
between devices.
Stealth: DASH7 does not use discovery beacons, end nodes can chose to respond
only to pre-approved devices.
TransiHonal: A DASH7 system of devices is inherently mobile or transi@onal. Unlike
other wireless technologies DASH7 is upload-centric, not download-centric, thus
devices do not need to be managed extensively by xed infrastructure (i.e. base
sta@ons) to respond only to pre-approved devices.

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON (2)

Star

Passive RFID
Tags can only be
read in the
immediate
proximity of a
reader
AcHve RFID
Longer range
interrogators -
Master/Slave

Tree

DASH7
Simple rou@ng (2 hops)
Subcontrollers are powered but
only a few are needed
Tag-to-Tag & Tag-Talk-First

Mesh

MESH
Range depends on number of router nodes
Conges@on - Rou@ng complexity - Latency
Routers need to be powered
Each hop consumes energy

Distance Complexity Energy Latency

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON (3)

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

D7A PROTOCOL
Data Elements Management API
optimized for RFID & Sensor
.

Data Elements with Notification &

Access Properties.
Event-driven session stack.
Smart Addressing (by property)
Master, Tag-to-tag, Tag-talk-first
Two hops, fixed & mobile nodes
Asynchronous WSN MAC.
Operating in any sub-GHz
ISM band

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

NODE TYPES
ENDPOINT (tag or slave)
Ultra-low power device, powered
by battery or Energy-harvesting.
Wakes-up to scan for incoming
requests or to report events. May
have reduced feature set.
SUBCONTROLLER (hop relay)
Similar to the endpoint, but may
enable temporarily gateway
services (switch from scan to
always-on). Has full feature set.
GATEWAY (master)
Grid-powered, always-on device.

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

10

PHY - Spectrum and Modulation

ISM 433 : 433.056 - 434.784 MHz

2-GFSK modula@on
8 non overlapping normal rate channels (55 kbs)
7 hi-rate channels (4 non overlapping) (200 kbs)
Proposal for 16 low-rate channels (13 kbs)

ISM 868 : 868.000 - 868.600 MHz (TBD)

2-GFSK modula@on
Proposal 3 non overlapping normal rate channels (55 kbs)

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

11

PHY - DASH7 band available worldwide

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

12

PHY - Frequency vs Range

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

13

Data Link Asynchronous Communication

D7A asynchronous communication using the D7AAdvP advertisement protocol

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

14

Transport Smart Addressing

Address by properHes

Look for a sensor type or

property or a condi@on among
the responders rather than its
ID.

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

15

Transport Addressing Scopes

Request 0
Global

Resp

Resp

Resp

Request 1
Local

Request 2
Local

Resp

Responses from:
Local1 Addressed Hosts

Responses from:
Global Addressed Hosts

Global Query :
all nodes with a
temperature sensor

Resp

Responses :
All temperature sensor nodes respond
All nodes listen on

Local Query 1
Nodes with temperature
above 15C

Local Query 2
Nodes with temperature
below 0C

Responses :
Nodes complying to the condi@on respond.
All nodes listen on

Responses :
Nodes complying to the condi@on respond.
All nodes listen on

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

16

Session - Communication Models

Poll to obtain tag sensor data

Unsolicited - Tag Talk First

Tag-to-Tag At any @me an endnode can communicate to another

endnode.E.g. Proximity based events can trigger communica@on

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

17

Session Types

A Push Session has to be ac@vated as soon as possible. Requester

contacts the Addressee ASAP.

A Pull Session can tolerate an ac@va@on period. The session is
ac@vated if the Addressee spontaneously contacts the Requester
during the period. It is transformed into a Push Session ager the
period.

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

18

Data Elements
Any applicaHon acHon, data exchange method or protocol is
mapped into manipulaHon of D7A Data Elements and their
properHes.

Data Elements contain D7A mandatory or op@onal congura@on

parameters, or user-dened data.

To every Data Element is associated a number of properHes, such as
storage class, permissions and no@ca@on, composing together a
D7A File.

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

19

Data Elements Notifications

D7A denes a generic method for repor@ng Data Element
informa@on based on the No@ca@on Mechanism.

The No@ca@on parameters dene the events and condi@ons that

trigger an over-the-air announcement of the Data Element.

A trigger condi@ons may be a modica@on of the Data Element.

A trigger condi@on can be stored in a NoHcaHon File. It can be
seen as pre-stored Transport Request (avoid polling, use tag-talk-
rst ).

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

20

DLL & Network Security

D7A denes encryp@on of DLL frames through AES-128.

Network Layer templates provide bihields for security protocol
implementa@on.

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

21

THANK YOU
Yordan Tabakov PAG Chair
yordan@wizzilab.com

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

22

Low
Cost

Low
Bitrate

Long
Range

Large
Number
Of Nodes

Very
Low
Power

Open
Standard

Security
Privacy

www.dash7.org

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

23