Geosyntheticsapplicationsincivilengineering 131003024102 Phpapp02

TEXTILE AND LEATHER CONFERENCE 2013
ORGANIZED BY KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS

VENUE :BOMA HOTEL
DATES: Thursday, 29th August 2013
Presentation:
Sirmoi Wekesa
Technical Director
Geosynthetics EA Ltd
Geosynthetics Applications in Civil Engineering; An

Introduction to value Engineering (VE) Technologies
GEOSYNTHETICS EAST AFRICA Ltd

Solutions that Last
Introduction to Geosynthetics
ASTM (2006) D 4439 defines a geosynthetic as a
planar product manufactured from a polymeric
material used with soil, rock, earth, or other
geotechnical-related material as an integral part of
a civil engineering project, structure, or system.
A number of geosynthetics are available, including
geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, geonets,
geomeshes, geowebs, and geocomposites. Part I
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOSYNTHETICS
Geocomposite
Geotextile
Erosion Control Geosynthetics
Geonet
Geocell
Geogrids
GEOGRID TYPES
Different Types of Geogrids used for ground
Improvement:;; and
(a) Triaxial
New Quaxial
New Four-axial
(b) Biaxial
(c) Uniaxial
Applications Of Geosynthetics
GROUND STABILIZATION/ IMPROVEMENT
GROUND STABILIZATION/ IMPROVEMENT.CNTD
PAVEMENTS: ROADS, PARKING BAYS, HARD STANDINGS
PAVEMENTS: RUNWAYS, APRONS & TAXIWAYS
HEAVY DUTY PAVEMENTS: PORTS AND HABOURS
PAVEMENTS: ASPHALT REINFORCEMENT
RAILWAYS
EROSION CONTROL
RETAINING, RE WALLS AND BRIDGE ABUTMENTS
BUILDING FOUNDATION IMPROVEMENTS
VALUE ENGINEERED BENEFITS
VALUE ENGINEERING
BENEFITS
Appropriate application of
geosynthetics can realize the
following benefits.
Construction cost-time savings

through the reduction of required
pavement material quantities, whilst
maintaining enhanced structural
performance.
Elongated pavement structural life
span particularly as a result of
incorporating the filtration/separation
geotextile.
Reduction in maintenance
requirements as a result of enhanced
structural performance.
Environmental conservation mainly due to reduction in material
quantities and erosion control.
Enhanced Geotechnical Engineering Properties
Construction Time Savings Benefits

Description
Quantity placed per day

[m3]
Area [m2]
Quantity in volume [m3]
Layer thickness[m]
Time taken in Days [in

weeks]
Import place and

compact ground
stabilization material
[cement]
300
311,550
0.2
62,310
200 days [28weeks]
Import place and

compact granular
material for sub-base
193
311,550
0.4
124,620
646 days
Excavation to spoil of
poor quality material
1000
[92 weeks]
51,031
1.5
76,546.50
77 days
[11 weeks]
Import, place and

compact capping layer or
backfill material
578
TOTAL DURATION TAKEN TO CONSTRUCT THE PAVEMENT*
51,031
2.0
102,062
177 days
[25 weeks]
156 weeks

Description
Quantity placed Area [m2]

per day [m3]
Layer
thickness[m]
Quantity in
volume [m3]
Time taken in
Days [in weeks]
Import place
and compact
granular
material for
sub-base
Top Soil
stripping and
disposal or
grading*
193
0.3
93,465
484 days
311,550
[69 weeks]
680
51,031
0.15
7,654.65
TOTAL DURATION TAKEN TO CONSTRUCT THE PAVEMENT*
12 days
[2 weeks]
71 weeks
*This might not be necessary especially if the water table is very high. Grading normally
helps to create the platform for grid placement.
Time saved is approximately 50%.
Construction Cost Savings Benefits
VE BENEFITS ROAD OVER SWAMP CROSSING

The proposed road was crossing a 1.2km swampy stretch.
The soils were peat with low bearing capacities with CBRs of
about 0.5%.
The design assumed the peat thickness to be 1.0m before getting
on to hard ground.
The actual thickness was deeper than 1.0m; instead it went
beyond 3m.
The contractor wanted to finish the section before the rains

started.

COST AS PER CONVENTIONAL DESIGN
DESCRIPTION
UNITS
Excavate 1m thick to spoil
m3
1200
15
18000
5.33
Fill 1m thick of rock
m3
1200
15
18000
16.00
TOTAL AMOUNT
LENGTH[m]
WIDTH[m]
DEPTH[m]
QUANTITY
RATE
TOTAL
96,000.00
$ 288,000.00
384,000.00

COST AS PER THE GEOSYNTHETICS DESIGN
DESCRIPTION
UNI
TS
Tensar TX 170 Geogrids

[Supply and Placement]
m2
LENGT WIDTH DEPTH

H[m]
[m]
[m]
QITY
1200
15
RATE
- 18000 $ 13.26
TOTAL
$
238,653.60
TOTAL AMOUNT AS PER THE TENSAR PROPOSAL

$
AMOUNT SAVED
PERCENTAGE OF AMOUNT SAVED [%]
238,653.60
145,346.40
37.85 %
0.2 +
TRAFFIC BENEFIT RATIO (TBR)

The AASHTO method , which considers the
pavement as a multi-layer elastic system with
an overall structural number (SN) that reflects
the total pavement thickness and its resiliency
18 = 0 + 9.36 + 1
2.7
1094
0.4+
5.19
+1
+ 2.32 8.07
18
=
18 =
/ 25
25
18 = 18 =

to repeated traffic loading, is employed.
= .
VERIFICATION OF TRAFFIC
BENEFIT RATIO (TBR) AND BASE
COURSE REDUCTION (BCR)
Determination of TBR and BCR based on Base Course remaining life structural thickness
Scenario
Remaining Life Base Course Structural Thickness
No. filtrations/separation/reinforcement geosynthetics in unreinforced

Loss in base course structural thickness predominantly due to black cotton soil ingression
Reinforced pavement structure includes geotextile for filtration/separation and stress mobilization of black cotton soil
Thickness Structural
Depreciation Curves
Remaining Life Base Course Structural

Thickness, fscXTD2
250
200mm
Premature
FAILURE due to
BCS subgrade
Unreinforced
EXTRAPOLATED
Curve
152mm
125mm
Terminal Thickness
Geosynthetics Reinforced
Unreinforced
0
0.0
1.0
= Remainig Life Layer Coefficient Ratio

= Design Thickness
= Reinforced Design Thickness
2.0
3.0
102.0mm
Legend
4.0
No. ESAL Load Cycles (Traffic Passes)
= Unreinforced Design Thickness

= Reinforced Structural Capacity Factor
= Unreinforced Structural Capacity Factor

5.0
X106
6.0
Example of Structural Benefits
Comparison of Unreinforced and Reinforced UCS for

swampy BCS for Drilling Project of White Nile Oil in
Jonglei State, Southern Sudan
No.
Unreinforced
[Mpa]
Reinforced
[Mpa]
Description
% Increase
Remarks
1.45
No soil reinforcement
1.45
2.1 Geogrid SS20G, 1/3H
45 >30<100
1.45
2.15 Geogrid SS20G, 1/5H
48 >30<100
1.45
1.45
1.55 Mat 1/3H
7 >30<100
1.45
1.85 Mat 1/5H
28 30<100
1.45
2.2 Double Geogrid SS20G,

1/ H, 2/ H
3
3
2.1 Double Mat 1/3H, 1/5H
52 >30<100
45 >30<100
NEAT BLACK COTTON SOIL

SAMPLES
Comparison of Unreinforced and
Reinforced UCS for swampy BCS for
Drilling Project of White Nile Oil in
Jonglei State, Southern Sudan
White Nile Oil in Jonglei State, Southern Sudan
Value Engineering BenefitsEnvironmental Benefits
Subgrade Improvement Reduction in Quantity

of Capping Layer
= 2253 0.4552 =
= 2253 0.4559 = .
Capping Layer
Without Geosynthetic Reinforcement
With Geosynthetic reinforcement
Projects in Kenya
PROJECT
MATERIALS
YEAR
1.
Garsen Bridge
Gauff China Roads and Bridges
Tensar GM Tube Gabions
1987
2.
Garsen / Lamu Junction

Gauff
Asphalt Reinforcement
Experimental Tensar AR1 grids
1987
3.
Aberdares Nairobi Pipeline

Horward Humphreys Sogea
Soil Erosion Control

Tensar Mat
1989
4.
Thika Makutano
Gibbs TM AM
Swamp Crossing Reinforcement

Tensar SS2 Biaxial Geogrids
1990
5.
Westlands Limuru Dual Carriageway

Gauff Federecci
Embankment Reinforcement
1991
6.
Westlands Limuru Dual Carriageway

Gauff Federecci
Asphalt Reinforcement
Tensar AR1 Geogrids
1992
7.
Eldoret Burnt Forest Reconstruction

Gauff - Strabag

1993
8.
Webuye Malaba Reconstruction

Nicholas ODwyer Federecci

1993
9.
Baricho Mombasa Access Pipeline Rd

Gauff Sogea
River Crossing Embankment

Tensar SS2
1998
10.
Garsen Lamu Road

Gauff China Road and Bridge
Embankment Reinforcement
Tensar SS30-SS40 and 55RE
2003
11.
Meru Mikinduri Maua Road [Phase 1]

KeRRA H-Young & Co EA
Slope Protection & Erosion Control

Tensar T-mat 400
2010
12.
Lake Turkana BGP Marine Seismic Project

BGP _ Tullow Oil Company
Construction of sand access roads and heavily loaded plat 2012

forms Tensar TriAx TX 160
Projects in Uganda
PROJECT
Kabale Katuna Road
Typsa OSullivan & Graham Stirling
MATERIALS
Slip Failure Reconstruction with Tensar Geocell Mattress
YEAR
1999
2.
Kabale Katuna Road

Typsa OSullivan & Graham Stirling
Slip Reinforcement wrap around

Tensar RE uniaxial Geogrid
2000
3.
Kampala Masaks Road

Stirling
Swamp Crossing Embankment

Tensar SS20 Biaxial Geogrid
2000
4.
Mbarara Ibanda Road

ACE Engineers - Energoprojekt
Embankment Failure Reconstruction

Tensar SS20 Biaxial Geogrid
2000
5.
Malaba Bugiri Road

Gauff - Strabag

2000
6.
Fort Portal Kyejojo Road

ACE Engineers - Energoprojekt
Embankment Failure Reconstruction

Tensar 80RE
2001
7.
Kabala Water Project

Bella Consult - Spencon
Tensar SS30
2001
8.
Semliki Oil Drilling

BMS Mineral Services
Tensar SS30
2002
9.
Bugiri Jinja Road

Gauff Basil
Embankment Widening over Black Cotton Soil

Tensar SS20Biaxial Geogrid
2004
10.
Kampala Relief Road

BCEOM - Salini
Embankment Foundation Reinforcement over Swamps

Tensar SS20Biaxial Geogrid
2005
11.
Kampala Ring Road

Salini
Swamp Crossing reinforcement

Tensar TriAx TX 160 Geogrid
2010
1.
Projects in East and Central Africa than have utilized Geosynthetics

Timboroa Eldoret Road [1993]
Webuye Malaba Road [1993]
BY SIRMOI WEKESA
Thika Makutano Road [1990]
Westlands Limuru Dual Carriageway [1992]
Technical
Director
Garsen
Lamu Road [2003]
Meru Mikinduri Road [2010]
and Civil Engineer,
Isiolo Airport [2011] GEOSYNTHETICS
EA LTD
Tullow Oil Loading Platform for Oil rigs and Access Roads in Lake Turkana [2012]
Kabale Katuna Road
[1999]sirmoi@geosyntheticsea.com
Email:
Mbarara Ibanda Road [2000]
Malaba Bugiri Road [2000]
Kampala Relief Road [2005]
Bugiri Jinja Road [2004]
THANK YOU

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TEXTILE AND LEATHER CONFERENCE 2013

ORGANIZED BY KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Geosynthetics Applications in Civil Engineering; An

GEOSYNTHETICS EAST AFRICA Ltd

DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOSYNTHETICS

Erosion Control Geosynthetics

GROUND STABILIZATION/ IMPROVEMENT

GROUND STABILIZATION/ IMPROVEMENT.CNTD

PAVEMENTS: ROADS, PARKING BAYS, HARD STANDINGS

PAVEMENTS: RUNWAYS, APRONS & TAXIWAYS

HEAVY DUTY PAVEMENTS: PORTS AND HABOURS

PAVEMENTS: ASPHALT REINFORCEMENT

RETAINING, RE WALLS AND BRIDGE ABUTMENTS

BUILDING FOUNDATION IMPROVEMENTS

VALUE ENGINEERED BENEFITS

Construction cost-time savings

Enhanced Geotechnical Engineering Properties

Construction Time Savings Benefits

VALUE ENGINEERED BENEFITS

Quantity placed per day

Quantity in volume [m3]

Time taken in Days [in

Import place and

200 days [28weeks]

Import place and

Import, place and

TOTAL DURATION TAKEN TO CONSTRUCT THE PAVEMENT*

VALUE ENGINEERED BENEFITS

Quantity placed Area [m2]

TOTAL DURATION TAKEN TO CONSTRUCT THE PAVEMENT*

Enhanced Geotechnical Engineering Properties

Construction Cost Savings Benefits

VE BENEFITS ROAD OVER SWAMP CROSSING

The contractor wanted to finish the section before the rains

VE BENEFITS ROAD OVER SWAMP CROSSING

Excavate 1m thick to spoil

Fill 1m thick of rock

VE BENEFITS ROAD OVER SWAMP CROSSING

Tensar TX 170 Geogrids

LENGT WIDTH DEPTH

TOTAL AMOUNT AS PER THE TENSAR PROPOSAL

PERCENTAGE OF AMOUNT SAVED [%]

VE BENEFITS ROAD OVER SWAMP CROSSING

TRAFFIC BENEFIT RATIO (TBR)

to repeated traffic loading, is employed.

Remaining Life Base Course Structural Thickness

No. filtrations/separation/reinforcement geosynthetics in unreinforced

Remaining Life Base Course Structural

= Remainig Life Layer Coefficient Ratio

No. ESAL Load Cycles (Traffic Passes)

= Unreinforced Design Thickness

= Unreinforced Structural Capacity Factor

Enhanced Geotechnical Engineering Properties

Example of Structural Benefits

Comparison of Unreinforced and Reinforced UCS for

2.1 Geogrid SS20G, 1/3H

2.15 Geogrid SS20G, 1/5H

1.55 Mat 1/3H

1.85 Mat 1/5H

2.2 Double Geogrid SS20G,

2.1 Double Mat 1/3H, 1/5H

NEAT BLACK COTTON SOIL

White Nile Oil in Jonglei State, Southern Sudan