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This article is about the novel. For other uses, see Pride literature, selling over 20 million copies, and receives
and Prejudice (disambiguation).
considerable attention from literary scholars. Modern interest in the book has resulted in a number of dramatic
imiPride and Prejudice is a novel of manners by Jane adaptations and an abundance of novels and stories
tating Austens memorable characters or themes.[1]
Austen, rst published in 1813. The story follows the
main character, Elizabeth Bennet, as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and
marriage in the society of the landed gentry of the British
1 Plot summary
Regency. Elizabeth is the second of ve daughters of a
country gentleman living near the ctional town of MeryThe novel centres on Elizabeth Bennet, the second of the
ton in Hertfordshire, near London.
ve daughters of a country gentleman. Elizabeths father,
Mr Bennet, is a bookish man, and somewhat neglectful
of his responsibilities. In contrast Elizabeths mother,
Mrs Bennet, a woman who lacks social graces, is primarily concerned with nding suitable husbands for her
ve daughters. Jane Bennet, the eldest daughter, is distinguished by her kindness and beauty; Elizabeth Bennet
shares her fathers keen wit and occasionally sarcastic outlook; Mary is not pretty, but is studious, devout and musical albeit lacking in taste; Catherine, sometimes called
Kitty, the fourth sister, follows where her younger sister
leads, while Lydia is irtatious and lacks maturity.
The narrative opens with news in the Bennet family that
Mr Bingley, a wealthy, charismatic and sociable young
bachelor, is moving into Nethereld Park in the neighbourhood. Mr Bingley is soon well received, while his
friend Mr Darcy makes a less favourable impression by
appearing proud and condescending at a ball that they attend (he detests dancing and is not one for light conversation). Mr Bingley singles out Jane for particular attention, and it soon becomes apparent that they have formed
an attachment to each other. While Jane does not alter
her conduct for him, she confesses her great happiness
only to Lizzie. By contrast, Darcy slights Elizabeth, who
overhears and jokes about it despite feeling a budding resentment.
Set in England in the early 19th century, Pride and Prejudice tells the story of Mr and Mrs Bennets ve unmarried
daughters after the rich and eligible Mr Bingley and his
status-conscious friend, Mr Darcy, have moved into their
neighbourhood. While Bingley takes an immediate liking
to the eldest Bennet daughter, Jane, Darcy has diculty
adapting to local society and repeatedly clashes with the
second-eldest Bennet daughter, Elizabeth.
Mr Collins, a clergyman, and heir to Longbourn, the Bennet estate, pays a visit to the Bennets. Mr Bennet and
Elizabeth are much amused by his obsequious veneration
of his employer, the noble Lady Catherine de Bourgh, as
Pride and Prejudice retains a fascination for modern read- well as by his self-important and pedantic nature. It soon
ers, continuing near the top of lists of most loved books. becomes apparent that Mr Collins has come to LongIt has become one of the most popular novels in English bourn to choose a wife from among the Bennet sisters (his
1
PLOT SUMMARY
3
Longbourn. She has heard a rumour that Elizabeth will
marry Mr Darcy and attempts to persuade Elizabeth to
agree not to marry. Lady Catherine wants Mr Darcy to
marry her daughter (his cousin) Anne De Bourgh and
thinks Elizabeth is beneath him. Elizabeth refuses her
demands. Disgusted, Lady Catherine leaves, promising
that the marriage can never take place. Elizabeth assumes
she will apply to Darcy and is worried that he may be persuaded.
Darcy returns to Longbourn. Chance allows Elizabeth
and Darcy a rare moment alone. She immediately thanks
him for intervening in the case of Lydia and Wickham.
He renews his proposal of marriage and is promptly accepted. Elizabeth soon learns that his hopes were revived
by his aunts report of Elizabeths refusal to promise not
to marry him.
The novel closes with a happily-ever-after chapter including a summary of the remaining lives of the main
characters. None of the characters change very much in
this summary, but Kitty has grown slightly more sensible from association with Jane and Elizabeth and distance
from Lydia, and Lady Catherine eventually condescends
to visit the Darcys.
2 Main characters
Elizabeth tells her father that Darcy was responsible for uniting
Lydia and Wickham. This is one of the two earliest illustrations
of Pride and Prejudice.[2] The clothing styles reect the time the
illustration was engraved (the 1830s), not the time the novel was
written or set.
2 MAIN CHARACTERS
2.2
Mr Darcy
2.3
Mr Bennet
Mr Bennet is the patriarch of the Bennet family, a gentleman of modest income with ve unmarried daughters.
Mr Bennet has an ironic, cynical sense of humour that
irritates his wife. Though he loves his daughters (Elizabeth in particular), he often fails as a parent, preferring
to withdraw from the never-ending marriage concerns of
the women around him rather than oer help. In fact, he
often enjoys laughing at the sillier members of his family, partially the reason many have fatal faults, as he has
not taken pains to amend them. Although he possesses
inherited property, it is entailedthat is, it can only pass
to male heirsso his daughters will be on their own upon
his death.
2.7
Catherine Bennet
5
being silly by Mr Bennet. Mary is not very intelligent
but thinks of herself as being wise. When Mr Collins
is refused by Elizabeth, Mrs Bennet hopes Mary may be
prevailed upon to accept him and we are led to believe
that Mary has some hopes in this direction but neither of
them know that he is already engaged to Charlotte Lucas
by this time. Mary does not appear often in the novel.
and equally sensible, but not as clever; her most notable trait is a desire to see only the good in others.
As Anna Quindlen wrote, Jane is sugar to Elizabeths
lemonade.[6] Jane is closest to Elizabeth, and her character is often contrasted with that of Elizabeth. She is
favoured by her mother because of her beauty.
2 MAIN CHARACTERS
7
ano, singing, playing the harp, and drawing. She is also
very modest.
2.17 Interrelationships
3 Major themes
Many critics take the novels title as a starting point when
analysing the major themes of Pride and Prejudice; however, Robert Fox cautions against reading too much into
the title because commercial factors may have played a
role in its selection. After the success of Sense and Sensibility, nothing would have seemed more natural than to
bring out another novel of the same author using again
the formula of antithesis and alliteration for the title. It
should be pointed out that the qualities of the title are
not exclusively assigned to one or the other of the protagonists; both Elizabeth and Darcy display pride and
prejudice.[7] The title is very likely taken from a passage
in Fanny Burney's popular 1782 novel Cecilia, a novel
Austen is known to have admired:[8]
The whole of this unfortunate business,
said Dr. Lyster, has been the result of PRIDE
and PREJUDICE. ... Yet this, however,
remember: if to PRIDE and PREJUDICE you
owe your miseries, so wonderfully is good and
evil balanced, that to PRIDE and PREJUDICE
you will also owe their termination ...[8][9]
(Capitalization as in the original.)
A major theme in much of Austens work is the importance of environment and upbringing on the development of young peoples character and morality.[10] Social
standing and wealth are not necessarily advantages in her
world, and a further theme common to Austens work is
ineectual parents. In Pride and Prejudice, the failure of
Mr and Mrs Bennet as parents is blamed for Lydias lack
of moral judgment; Darcy, on the other hand, has been
taught to be principled and scrupulously honourable, but
he is also proud and overbearing.[10] Kitty, rescued from
Lydias bad inuence and spending more time with her
older sisters after they marry, is said to improve greatly
in their superior society.[11]
Pride and Prejudice is also about that thing
that all great novels consider, the search for
self. And it is the rst great novel that teaches
us this search is as surely undertaken in the
drawing room making small talk as in the
pursuit of a great white whale or the public
punishment of adultery.[12]
3.1 Marriage
is in want of a husband who is in possession of good fortune. Charlotte Lucas, Lydia Bennet, Jane Bennet and
Elizabeth Bennet get married to men who are suciently
appropriate for each of them. Marriage becomes an economic rather than social activity. In the case of Charlotte,
the seeming success of the marriage lies in the comfortable economy of their household. The relationship of Mr
and Mrs Bennet serves to illustrate all that a marriage relationship should not be. Elizabeth and Darcy marry each
other on equal terms after breaking each others 'pride'
and 'prejudice' and Austen clearly leaves the reader with
the impression that the two will be the happiest.
PUBLICATION HISTORY
3.3
Class
Much of the pride and prejudice in the novel exists because of class divisions. Darcys rst impressions on Elizabeth are coloured by his snobbery. He cannot bring himself to love Elizabeth or at least acknowledge his love
for her even in his own heart because of his pride. His
rst proposal clearly reects this attitude: In vain have
I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently
I admire and love you. [15] Also, Elizabeth quickly believes Wickhams account of Darcy because of her prejudice against him. Lady Catherine and the Bingley sisters
belong to the snobbish category. Mr Bingley shows complete disregard to class. Because Mr Bingleys fortune
comes from trade, it would actually be a benet socially
to marry a gentlemans daughter, such as Jane.
5 Publication history
Austen began writing the novel after staying at
Goodnestone Park in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796.[17] The novel was originally
titled First Impressions by Jane Austen, and was written
between October 1796 and August 1797.[18] On 1
November 1797 Austens father sent a letter to London
bookseller Thomas Cadell to ask if he had any interest
in seeing the manuscript, but the oer was declined by
return of post.[19]
Austen made signicant revisions to the manuscript for
First Impressions between 1811 and 1812.[18] As nothing remains of the original manuscript, we are reduced
to conjecture. From the large number of letters in the
nal novel, it is assumed that First Impressions was an
epistolary novel.[20] She later renamed the story Pride and
9
Favourable reviews saw this edition sold out, with a second edition published in November that year. A third
edition was published in 1817.[21]
Foreign language translations rst appeared in 1813 in
French; subsequent translations were published in German, Danish, and Swedish.[24] Pride and Prejudice was
rst published in the United States in August 1832 as Elizabeth Bennet or, Pride and Prejudice.[21] The novel was
also included in Richard Bentley's Standard Novel series
in 1833. R. W. Chapmans scholarly edition of Pride and
Prejudice, rst published in 1923, has become the standard edition from which many modern publications of the
novel are based.[21]
6 Reception
You could not shock her more than she shocks me,
Beside her Joyce seems innocent as grass.
It makes me most uncomfortable to see
An English spinster of the middle class
Describe the amorous eects of 'brass,
Reveal so frankly and with such sobriety
The economic basis of society.
W.H.Auden (1937) on Austen[25]
The novel was well received, with three favourable reviews in the rst months following publication.[22] Anne
Title page of a 1907 edition illustrated by C. E. Brock
Isabella Milbanke, later to be the wife of Lord Byron,
called it the fashionable novel.[22] Noted critic and rePrejudice. In renaming the novel, Austen probably had in viewer George Henry Lewes declared that he would
or Tom Jones,
mind the suerings and oppositions summarised in the rather have written Pride and Prejudice,
[25]
than
any
of
the
Waverley
Novels".
nal chapter of Fanny Burney's Cecilia, called Pride and
Prejudice, where the phrase appears three times in block Charlotte Bront, however, in a letter to Lewes, wrote that
capitals.[10] It is possible that the novels original title was Pride and Prejudice was a disappointment, a carefully
altered to avoid confusion with other works. In the years fenced, highly cultivated garden, with neat borders and
between the completion of First Impressions and its revi- delicate owers; but ... no open country, no fresh air, no
sion into Pride and Prejudice, two other works had been blue hill, no bonny beck.[25]
published under that name: a novel by Margaret Holford
and a comedy by Horace Smith.[19]
Austen sold the copyright for the novel to Thomas 6.1 Modern popularity
Egerton of Whitehall in exchange for 110 (Austen had
asked for 150).[21] This proved a costly decision. Austen
In 2003 the BBC conducted the largest ever poll
had published Sense and Sensibility on a commission bafor the "UKs Best-Loved Book" in which Pride
sis, whereby she indemnied the publisher against any
and Prejudice came second, behind The Lord of the
losses and received any prots, less costs and the pubRings.[26]
lishers commission. Unaware that Sense and Sensibility would sell out its edition, making her 140,[19] she
In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian
passed the copyright to Egerton for a one-o payment,
readers, Pride and Prejudice came rst in a list of
meaning that all the risk (and all the prots) would be
the 101 best books ever written.[27]
his. Jan Fergus has calculated that Egerton subsequently
made around 450 from just the rst two editions of the
The 200th anniversary of Pride and Prejudice on 28
book.[22]
January 2013 was celebrated around the globe by
Egerton published the rst edition of Pride and Prejumedia networks such as The Hungton Post, The
dice in three hardcover volumes on 27 January 1813.[23] It
New York Times, and The Daily Telegraph, among
was advertised in the Morning Chronicle, priced at 18s.[18]
others.[28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
10
7
7.1
Adaptations
Film, television, and theatre
REFERENCES
See also: Jane Austen in popular culture Pride and Helen Fieldings 1996 novel Bridget Joness Diary was
also based on Pride and Prejudice and spawned a feature
Prejudice
lm of the same name that was released in 2001.
Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations. Some of the notable lm versions include that
of 1940 starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier[35]
(based in part on Helen Jeromes 1936 stage adaptation),
and that of 2005 starring Keira Knightley (an Oscarnominated performance) and Matthew Macfadyen.[36]
Notable television versions include two by the BBC: the
popular 1995 version starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin
Firth, and a 1980 version starring Elizabeth Garvie and
David Rintoul. A 1936 stage version was created by Helen Jerome played at the St. Jamess Theatre in London,
starring Celia Johnson and Hugh Williams. First Impressions was a 1959 Broadway musical version starring Polly
Bergen, Farley Granger, and Hermione Gingold.[37] In
1995, a musical concept album was written by Bernard J.
Taylor, with Claire Moore in the role of Elizabeth Bennet
and Peter Karrie in the role of Mr Darcy.[38] A new stage
production, Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, The New
Musical, was presented in concert on 21 October 2008 in
Rochester, New York, with Colin Donnell as Darcy.[39]
7.2
Literature
In March 2009, Quirk Books released Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, which takes Austens actual, original
work, and mashes it up with zombie hordes, cannibalism,
ninjas, and ultra-violent mayhem.[41] In March 2010,
Quirk Books published a prequel that deals with Elizabeth
Bennets early days as a zombie hunter, entitled Pride and
Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls.[42]
In 2011, author Mitzi Szereto expanded on the novel in
Pride and Prejudice: Hidden Lusts, a historical sex parody
that parallels the original plot and writing style of Jane
Austen.
Marvel has also published their take on this classic, releasing a short comic series of ve issues that stays true
to the original storyline. The rst issue was published on
1 April 2009 and was written by Nancy Hajeski.[43] This
was published as a graphic novel in 2010 with artwork by
Hugo Petrus.
Pamela Aidan is the author of a trilogy of books telling
the story of Pride and Prejudice from Mr Darcys point of
view entitled Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman. The books
are An Assembly Such as This,[44] Duty and Desire[45] and
These Three Remain.[46]
Detective novel author P.D. James has written a book tiMain article: List of literary adaptations of Pride and tled Death Comes to Pemberley, which is a murder mysPrejudice
tery set six years after Elizabeth and Darcys marriage.[47]
The novel has inspired a number of other works that are
not direct adaptations. Books inspired by Pride and Prejudice include: Mr. Darcys Daughters and The Exploits
and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy by Elizabeth Aston; Darcys Story (a best seller) and Dialogue with Darcy
by Janet Aylmer; Pemberley: Or Pride and Prejudice Continued and An Unequal Marriage: Or Pride and Prejudice
Twenty Years Later by Emma Tennant; The Book of Ruth
by Helen Baker (author); Jane Austen Ruined My Life and
Mr. Darcy Broke My Heart by Beth Pattillo; Precipitation
A Continuation of Miss Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice by Helen Baker (author); Searching for Pemberley
by Mary Simonsen and Mr. Darcy Takes a Wife and its
sequel Darcy & Elizabeth: Nights and Days at Pemberly
by Linda Berdoll.
In Gwyn Cready's comedic romance novel, Seducing Mr.
Darcy, the heroine lands in Pride and Prejudice by way of
magic massage, has a ing with Darcy and unknowingly
changes the rest of the story.
Abigail Reynolds is the author of 7 Regency-set variations
on Pride and Prejudice. Her Pemberley Variations series
includes Mr. Darcys Obsession, To Conquer Mr. Darcy,
8 See also
9 References
[1] Monstersandcritics.com. Monstersandcritics.com. 7
May 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
[2] Janet M. Todd (2005), Books.Google.com, Jane Austen
in Context, Cambridge University Press p. 127
[3] Tim Worstall (31 August 2014). Using Mr Darcys Income To Disprove Thomas Piketty. Forbes.
11
[4] Austen, Jane (1996). Pride and Prejudice, Penguin Classics, note 2 to Chapter 3
[6] Quindlen, Anna (1995). Introduction. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Modern Library. p. viii. ISBN 0-67960168-6.
[7] Fox, Robert C. (September 1962). Elizabeth Bennet: Prejudice or Vanity?". Nineteenth-Century Fiction
(University of California Press) 17 (2): 185187. JSTOR
2932520.
[8] Dexter, Gary (10 August 2008). The Telegraph, How
Pride And Prejudice got its name. The Daily Telegraph.
Retrieved 27 April 2015.
[9] Fanny Burney (1782). Cecilia: Or, Memoirs of an Heiress.
T. Payne and son and T. Cadell. pp. 379380.
[10] Pinion, F B (1973). A Jane Austen. Companion. Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-12489-8.
[11] Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice, Ch 61.
[12] Quindlen, Anna (1995). Introduction. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Modern Library. p. vii. ISBN 0-67960168-6.
[13] Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice, Ch 1.
[14] Chung, Ching-Yi (July 2013). Gender and class oppression in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. IRWLE 9 (2).
[15] Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice, Ch 34.
[16] Miles, Robert (2003). Jane Austen. Writers and Their
Work. Tavistock: Northcote House in association with
the British Council. ISBN 0-7463-0876-0.
[17] History of Goodnestone. Goodnestone Park Gardens.
Retrieved 26 August 2010.
12
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10
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