Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
A/E or E/A
AASHTO
acceptance test
ACI
ACIP, ACIP Pile
active earth pressure
Adaptor
additive
Adfreezing
adhesion
Adjacent Piles
admixture, addition
ADSC-IAFD
adsorbed water
Advance Splicer
Aeolian soil
AFEO
A-Frame
Aft Batter
AGC
aggregate
air
air entrainment
air hose
Air Port(s)
Air/Steam Hammer
Airlift
Airlock
Airport
allowable bearing value
Allowable Load
alluvium
anchor
anchor head
Anchor Pile
anchor wall
anchorage, anchoring, anchor plate
anchored bulkhead
Angle Iron Guides
API
apparent tendon free length
applied stress
apron
aquiclude
Aquifer
arching
Artesian Head
artesian pressure
Artesian Water
ASCE
ASFE
ASTM
at rest pressure
Atomization, Impact
Atomization, Injection
Atterberg limits
auger
auger boring
auger flights
Auger Refusal
Augercast, Augercast Pile
Augered Cast-in-Place (ACIP) Pile
augered pile
Automated Monitoring Equipment
AWPA
AWS
backfill
backhoe
Back-Up-Ring
bailer
banding
barrette
Basal Heave
base failure
basement
battered pile
beam
bearing capacity
bearing pile
bearing pressure
Bearing Pressure, Allowable
Bell
belled anchor
belled caisson
bending
bending moment
bentonite
berm
Bevel Weld
blast, to
bleed
Bleeding
Bleeding Creosote
blocking
Blockout
blow count
blow counter
Blow Out of Pile
Blowing
bog
Boiling
boiling of sand
Bollard
bolt
Bond
Bond Length
bond strength
Bongossi
Bonnet
boom
bore, boring
bored pile
borehole diameter
Boring
borrow material
Bottom Brace
bottom heave
boulder
boulder clay
Bounce Chamber Pressure
Box Lead
Box Pile
BP
brace
Brace Pile
braced excavation
bracing
Bracket Pile
breaking stress
breast wall
Brooming
Bruns Pile
buckling
building
building code, building-by-law
Building Settlement Point - see
Settlement Point
building site
bulb of stress
bulk filing
bulkhead
bulldozer
Bulls Liver
buoyancy
buoyant unit weight
butt-end
Button-Bottom Pile
buttress, to
Butt-Welding
cage
CAGI
caisson
Caisson Hammer
Caisson Pile
Caisson Weights
calibration
Calling the Pile
Can Lead
Cant Hook
cantilever
cantilever sheet piles
Cap Block
Cap Material
Capacity
Capacity Modification Factor
Capacity, Bearing or Geotechnical
Capacity
Capacity, Geotechnical
Capacity, Lateral
Capacity, Structural
Capacity, Tension
Capblock
capillarity
CAPWAP
case history
Case Method
cased borehole
casing
Casing Blows
Casing Twister
Catamaran
cathode
Cathodic Protection
cellular cofferdam
Cement Bentonite
cement grout
centralizer
centrifuge
cfm
CGS
chamber
Champion Splicer
characteristic internal anchor
resistance
charges (explosives)
chemical grouting
chemical properties
Chicago Caisson
Chill Ring
chisel
Chock
chopping bit
Chuck Lead
Churn Drill
CIMA
Circulation
Clamshell Bucket
clay
Clay Cutter
Cleaning bucket
Cleat
clients technical representative
Closed Specification
closely graded soil
coarse grained
Coarse-Grained Soil
cobble
Cobi Mandrel
cofferdam
cohesion
Cohesionless Soil
cohesionless, non-cohesive
Cold Joint
colloid
Colluvium
column
Combustion Delay
compact, to
compactability
Compacted Concrete Pile
Compaction
compaction grouting
compaction pile
composite pile
compression pile
Compression Stroke
compression wave
compressor
Computer Wave Equation Program
concentrated load
concrete (reinforced)
Concrete Batching
Concrete Cover
concrete pile
concrete placing
concreting pipe
cone penetrometer
Cone Penetrometer Test
confined compression test
conglomerate
Consecutive Panel
consolidate
Consolidation
constant loading rate
contact grouting
contact pressure
Contact Sheeting
container
Contiguous bored pile walls
Contraction Joint
contractor
controlled blasting
Coring
Corner Panel
coupler
cover (concrete)
CPM
CPT
CPTU
crack
Cradle, Hammer
creep
creep limit
Crew, Pile
Crib
crib wall
critical creep load
Cross Head
Crowd
CRP
Cruciform Barrette
crushed stone, crushed rock
CSL
Cuneiform Pile
curtain (watertight lateral)
Curtain Wall
Cushion
Cushion Blocks
Cushion, Pile
cushioning
cut
Cut Off
Cut-Off Elevation
cut-off wall
cutting ring
Cutting Shoe
Cyclone
cylinder
Cylinder Lift
dam
Damping Factor
Dap
datum load
deadload
deadman
decay time
decomposed rock
decompression
Decrementation
deep foundation
deformation
degree of compaction
degree of saturation
delay
Density
Density Index
density, unit weight
deposit
Depth of Fixity
depth of foundation
depth of penetration
Desander
Desanding Plant
Desiccation
desiccation
design
Design Drawing
Design Engineering Firm
design load
details
deterioration
detonation
Deviation
device
dewatering
DFI
diaphragm
Diaphragm Wall
Diesel Hammer
Diesel Hammer, Closed-End
differential settlement
Differential-Acting Hammer
Dike
Dip
dip (geol.)
Direct Circulation
displacement pile
distributed load
disturbed sample
diversion
DJMM - Dry Jet Mixing Method
dock
Dock Builder
Dog-Leg Pile
Dolly
dolphin
Double Sheets
double wall cofferdam
Double-Acting Diesel Hammer
Double-Acting Hammer
Dowel
Down Hole Hammer
Downdrag
drag
dragline
Dragload
Drainage Chase
drawdown
dredge
Dredging
Drift
drift
Drift Bolt
Drift Pit
drill
drill hole
Drilled Pier
Drilled Pile
Drilled Shaft
Drilled-In-Caisson
drilled-in-pile
Driller's Stroke
drilling
Drilling Bucket
drilling fliud/mud
drilling fluid
drilling mud
drilling rig
drive
Drive Cap
Drive Cap Insert
drive shoe
drive tube
Driveability
Drive-Fit Sleeve
driven pile
driving
Driving Capacity(Fd)
Driving Criteria
Driving Formula
Driving Frequency (d)
Driving Head
Driving Log
Driving Point
driving record
driving resistance
driving test
drop hammer
Dry Sampling
dry weight
Drypack
Dry-processed Method
ductility
Duplex Drilling
durability
Dutch Block
Dutch Cone
Dutch Leaders
dyke
Dynamic Compaction
Dynamic Force
Dynamic Formula
dynamic test
Earth Anchors
Earth Auger
earth pressure
eccentric loading
effective pressure
EIC
EIT
Elastic Deformation
elastic strain
elasticity modulus
electrode
electro-osmosis
Elevation
embankment
embed, to
Embedment
encapsulation
Encasement
End Bearing
End Closure
End Resistance
End Stop (Pipe)
energy loss
Energy, Impact
Energy, Rated
Energy, Transferred
engineering
Engineering Geologist
engineering geology
Engineering News Formula def. 1
Engineering News Formula def. 2
Enlarged Base
enlarged base
entrapped air
epoxy
Epoxy Grout
equilibrium
equipment
European Lead
evaporation
excavated material
excavation
excavator
excess hydrostatic pressure
Exhaust Ports
Expanded Base
Expanded Pile
Expansive Soil
explosive
Explosive Force
Extension, Helical
Extensometer
external anchor resistance
extraction
Extractor
factor of safety
Factored Bearing Capacity (of a
foundation unit)
Factored load
Factored resistance
Factored Soil-strength Parameter
failure
failure load
Failure of a Pile Foundation
failure surface
False Pile
false set
Falsework
fascine
fault, faulting
Faying Surface
Fender
Fender Cap
Fender Pile
Fender System
FGS
FHWA
fill, filling
filler
filling
filter
Filter Cake
Filter Press
Filtrate Loss
Final Blow Count
Final Set
fines
finite element method
firm bottom
Fish Plates
Fish Tail Bit
Fish Tails
fissure grouting
fixed anchor length
flexible foundation
flexural strength
flow net
Flowable Fill
Flowline
Fluid Power
Fluidifier (and/or Grout Fluidifier)
fly ash
Flying Hammer
foliation
Follow Block or Cap
follower
Foot of a Pile
Footer
footing
Foot-Pound Blow
Fore Batter
Foreman, Pile
formation
foundation
Foundation Pile
Foundation Unit
Foundation Unit, Deep
fracture
frame
Franki Pile
free anchor length
Free-Hanging Hammer
Freeze
French Drain
frequency
fresh water
friable rock
friction
friction pile
Friction/End-Bearing Pile
frost
Frost Line
Frost Action
frost heave
Frost-susceptible Soil
G.C.
gate
gauge, gage
Gel
Geocomb
Geofoam
geology
geophysical exploration
Geotechnical Engineer
geotechnique
GI
Gibs
girder
Girts
glacial deposit
glacial outwash
Glacial Till
Glut
G-mandrel
Go Devil
Go-For / Gopher
Gow Caisson
grader
grain shape
grain size
gravel
gravity grouting
gravity hammer
Greenheart
Grid
Grillage
grillage footing
grind
Grit
Groin, Groyne
Ground Freezing
ground level
Ground Modification
ground surface
Ground Vibration
groundwater
Groundwater Table
Groundwater, Artesian
group action
Grout
grout curtain
Grout Factor
Grout Head
Grout Return
grout, to
Grouted Piles
grouting
grouting pressure
Grouting, Foundation
Guard Pile
Guides
guide-walls
Gumbo
Guy
Guy Derrick
Hairpin
Hairpin Lead
hammer
Hammer Cage
Hammer Cushion
Hammer Efficiency
Hammer Energy
Hammer Grab
Hammer Line
Hammer Speed
Hammer Uplift
Hand Spike
Hanging Leads
Hard-Bite
hardpan
hauling equipment
hazard
H-Beam
H-Beam Lead
Head
Head Block
headwall
heat of hydration
heave
Helical Anchor
Helical Anchorage
helical auger
Helical Binders
Helical Foundation
Helical Shell
HeliCAP
Helix
heterogeneous
High Strain Dynamic Testing Method
Hiley Formula
Hoisting Engine
Hollow-Stem Auger
Home, Pile
homogeneous
horizontal earth pressure
Hospital Side
H-pile
Hydraulic Collapse
Hydraulic Conductivity
hydraulic fill
hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracture,
claquage grouting)
Hydraulic Grab
Hydraulic Hammer
hydrology
Hydromill Excavator
ICE
ice and snow
Ice Segregation
impact
Impact Atomization
Impact Block
Impact Blow
Impact Force
Impact Velocity
Impedance
Impermeable
impervious
impervious blanket
Impulse Response Test
Impulse-Echo Test
Inclined Pile
Inclinometer
Incrementation
index
Indicator Pile
indurated
inelastic deformation
infiltration
Inflecture Point
Influence line
initial set
Injection Atomization
Inkwell
inlet
Inlet Port
Inlet Pressure
inorganic soil
Insert
InSitu
Insitu Pile
in-situ strength
in-situ test
inspection
Inspector, Pile
Instrumentation
instrumentation
Instrumented pile load test
intact rock
integrity test
intergranular
interlocks of steel sheet piling
internal friction
Internal Hammer
Internal Waler
Interpile
invert
investigation test
jack
Jack Test
jacked piles
Jacking
jacking equipment
Jaws
jet
Jet Grouting
jetted pile
Jetting
Jetty
joint
joint pattern
J-Side
J-Tip
karst
Kelly Bar
Kentledge
Key
Kicker
Kilonewton
King Pile
King Post
Kip
Lace
Lacing
Lagged Pile
lagging
Lags
Laitance
land
landslide
Large Diameter Pile
lateral forces
Lateral Load
lateral pressure
layer
leach
Lead Column
Lead Rails
Lead, Cardonic
Lead, Helical
Leaders
Leading Edge
Leads
Leads, Extended
Leads, Fixed
Leads, Free-Hanging
Leads, Semifixed
Leads, Swinging
Leads, Three-Way
Leads, Underhung
Leads, Vertical-Travel
leakage
Lean Concrete
levee
lever arm
Lifting Sling
lightweight aggregate
Lightweight Fill
lime, limestone
Limerock
limit analysis
Line Oiler
liner
Liner Wall
lining
Liquefaction
liquefaction failure
liquid
liquid limit
liquidity index
live load
load
load bearing element
load carrying capacity, - bearing
capacity
load factor
load gauge
load increment
load loss limit
Load, Allowable
Load, Applied
Load, Service
loader
loading and unloading
loading frame
Loading Test
Load-movement curve
load-settlement curve
loam
lock
lock off load
Lock Seam
loess
Lofting
Loftsman
log
loose
Louver
Low Displacement Pile
Low heat concrete
LRFD
lubricate
Lubricator
MLT
made ground
maintained load test
Make-Up-Pile
Mandrel
Man-made Obstruction
mantel, sleeve
Marine Borer
marine deposit
mark, bench mark
marl
marsh
Marsh Funnel
mass concrete
Mast Lead
mat foundation/footing, raft
Mats
McDermid Plate
measurement
membrane
mesh
Michigan Tests
micro pile
micropile joint
Milan Method
mineral
Mini-piles
mixed-in-place
mixer
Mixing Plant
mobile equipment
modulus of elasticity
Monkey Stick
Monotube
Montee Caisson
Montmorillonite
Moonbeam
Mooring Pile
moraine
mortar
Motive Fluid
mottled
Muck
Muck Bucket
Mud Balance
Mud Line
Mud Mat
Mud Wall
mud, muck
Mudcake
Mudding-In
mudjacking
mudwave
multibench blasting
Multi-Hhelix Anchor
multi-row blasting
multi-stage grouting
multistory building
Necking
Needle Beam
Needle Gauge
Needle Piles
Negative Batter
Negative Inclination
negative pore water pressure
Negative shaft resistance
negative skin friction
Net Settlement
Neutral Plane
nipple
Nominal Axial Load
nondestructive tests
non-displacement grouting
Non-Displacement Piles
normally consolidated
NRMCA
NSGCSA
NUCA
observation well
Offshore Lead
Oiler
Omega Piles
One Bag Mix
open caisson
open cut
Orange Peel Bucket
Order Lengths
organic matter
Oriented Core
oscillator
Oslo Point
osmosis
Osterberg cell test
outcrop (geol.)
outwash plain
over excavation
overbreak
overburden
Over-cast length
overconsolidated
Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR)
Overdriving
Overhead Leads
overload
Over-pour
overstress
Overtake
p.s.i.g.
Pad
panel
Pants, Hammer
Parallelogram Brace
particle size
Particle Velocity
PDCA
pea gravel
peak shear strength
peat
Peavy
pebble
Pedestal Pile
Peeled
Pendulum Leads
penetration grouting
penetration record
penetration resistance
penetration test
Penetration, Gross
Penetration, Minimum
Penetration, Net
penetrometer
Penny
percentage by weight
percolation
Percussion boring/drilling
Performance Factor
permafrost
permanent anchor
permeability
permeation (impregnation) grouting
pH
pier footing
piezometer
piezometric head
piezometric surface
Pig
pile
Pile Bent
Pile Buck
Pile Bulkhead
Pile Butt
pile cap
Pile Clamps
Pile Cluster
Pile Cushion
Pile Cut-Off
Pile Driver
pile driving
Pile Driving Analyzer
Pile Driving Cap
pile driving formula
pile driving resistance
Pile Encasement
pile extraction
Pile Extractor
Pile Fall
Pile Formula
pile foundation
Pile Frame
Pile Gate
pile group
pile hammer
Pile Line
Pile Penetration
Pile Point
Pile Refusal
Pile Rig
Pile Shaft
Pile Shoe
Pile Splicer
Pile Sweep
Pile Take Up
Pile Template
Pile Toe
Pile-raft Foundation
Piling Contractor
Pin Pile
pipe
Pipe Extractor
Pipe Pile
Pipe Sleeve
pipeline
piping
Piston
piston sampler
pit
PIT (Pile Integrity Tester)
plastic concrete
plastic deformation
plastic limit
plastic soil
plasticity
plasticity index
plate bearing test, plate loading test
plug
Plumb Pile
pneumatic caisson
Pogo Stick
point bearing pile
point load
Point of Fixity
point resistance
Poisson's ratio
polymer
Polymer Slurry
polymer-based slurry
pond
Pony Beam
Pony Leads
poorly graded, - sorted
Porcupine Plate
Pore Pressure
pore pressure dissipation
Post-tensioning
power augers
Power Pack
Practical Refusal
Preaugering, Preboring or Predrilling
precast concrete
Precast Pile
prefabrication
Prefiring
Preignition
preliminary investigation
preliminary micropile
preliminary pile
pre-loading
prepacked pile
preservation
presplitting
pressure
pressure at rest
pressure bulb
pressure gauge
Pressure Grouting
Pressure Head
Pressure Injected Footing
Pressure Meter
Pressure -Treated Pile
prestress
Prestressed Pile
Prestressing
Pretensioning
primary consolidation
Primary Drive Cap
Primary Panel
Probe pile
Production Pile
Production, Piles
project
proof load
prop
protection
protective coatings
Protector
Pruyn Point
psi, psf
PTI
puddle-clay
Puddling
Pull Out Resistance
pulling test
pump
pumped concrete
pumping test
Quake
qualification test
quality control
quarry
quartz
quay
quay wall
quick condition
quick lime
Quick Test
quicksand
R
Rabbit
Racking Hammer
raft foundation
Rail Pile
railroad
Railroad Pile Driver
Raker
Raker Point
Raking Pile
Ram
Ram point
rammer
Range Pile
Ranger
rapid drawdown
Rat Hole
rate indicator
rate of loading
Rated Speed
Raymond Step-Tapered Pile
RCD
Reaction Pile
reamed
Reamer
Rebar Cage
Rebound
rebound curve
recharge
recompression
recovery
Rectangular Cofferdam
rectangular footing
reference point
Refusal
Regrout Tube
reinforced concrete pile
reinforced earth
reinforced slurry wall
Reinforcement
relative density
relaxation
relief well
repetitive loading
Residual Soil
residual stress
resin
Resistance
Resistance Factor
Resistance Modification Factor
Resistance, Shaft
Resistance, Toe
Resistance, Ultimate
resisting moment
resonant frequency
Re-strike a Pile
retaining wall
retarding agent
Reverse Circulation
Reverse Head
Rider Cap
Rig
rigid foundation
rigid wall
riprap
rock
rock anchor
rock bolts
Rock Point
Rock Quality Designation (RQD)
Rock Shoe
Rock Socket
rockfill
rod
Rope Suspended Lead
Rotary Boring
Rotary Drill
Rotary Drill Rig
rotary drilling
rotary-percussive drilling
rotation
row of piles
runoff
rupture
Saddle
safe load
safety factor
Safety Margin
Salt Hay
salts
sample
sampling disturbance
sampling spoon
sampling tube
sand
Sand Brace
Sand Cone
Sand Content
Sand Drains
sand drains
sand pile
saturated soil
Saximeter
SBC
scale
scarifier
scarp
Scope of Work
scraper
screen
Screw Anchor
screw pile
sea level
sea wall
seal
seasonal effect
Secant Pile
Secant Pile Wall
secondary compression
Secondary Panel
section
sedimentary rock
sediments
seepage
seepage flow
segregation
seismic design
Seismic Exploration
seismic velocity
Seismograph
seismometer
self hardening slurry
self weight
Self-compacting concrete
Self-consolidating concrete
sensitive clay
Sensitivity
sensor
sequence of strata
Set
setting (materials)
settlement
settlement analysis
settlement curve
settlement measurement
settlement plate
Settlement Point
Settlement, Gross
Settlement, Net
Set-up
sewer
Shackle
shaft
shaft diameter
Shaft grouting
Shaft Resistance
sheeting
Shell
Shelling Up
Shield
Shipworm
Shoe Plates
Shook Out
Shop Drawing
shoring
shotcrete
Shoulder Pipe
shovel
shrinkage
Side Batter
Side Channels
side friction
Side Guides
Sieve
sieve analysis
Sight-Feed Lubricator
silica
silt
siltation
Single-Acting Diesel Hammer
Single-Acting Hammer
site
Site Conditions
site investigation
Skew Batter
Skid Rig
skin friction
slab
Slaking
slate
Sleeve, Pipe, Inside
slip surface
slope
slope failure
slope protection
slot
Slow Test
SLS
Sludge
Slump, Slump Test
slurry
Slurry Specialist
Slurry Trench
slurry wall
Soak-sensitive Soil
Socket
Socketed Pier or Pile
soft soil
Soil
Soil Anchor
Soil Boring
Soil Boring Log
soil cement
soil characteristics
Soil Damping
Soil Damping Parameter
Soil Engineer
soil exploration
Soil Fill
Soil Investigation
soil mechanics
Soil Mixing
soil moisture
Soil Nail
Soil Nail Wall
Soil Nailing
soil particle
Soil Plug
soil profile
Soil Resistance to Driving (SRD)
Soil Sampler
Soil Screw
soil stabilization
Soldier Pile
Solid Density
sonic coring
Sonic Driver
Sonic logging
sonic test
sounding
spacer
spacing
span
specific gravity
specification
specimen
Spider
Spile
Spiral Weld Pipe
Splice
Spliced Pile
split spoon
Spoil
Spoon Blows
spoon sample
Spotter
spread footing/foundation
Spreader Bars
spring
Spring Fender
SPT
Spud
Spud Clip
Spud Lead
Spudding
Spun Pile
Spur Dike
Spur Pile
Stabbing Points, Leads
stability
Stabilizing Fluid
stable suspension
stage construction
Staking Out
stanchion
Staylathing
steam hammer
Steam Lead
steel
Steel H-Pile
steel pile
Steel Pipe Pile
Step-Tapered Pile
Stiffeners, Web
stiff-fissured clay
stiffness
Stinger
stirrups
stone
Stone Columns
strain
Strapping
stratum
strength
stress
stress concentration
stress distribution
Stress, Effective
Stressing Length
stress-stain curve
Strike
Striker Plate
String Line
Stringer
strip foundation
Stroke
structural damage
structure
Strut
strut
subgrade
submerged unit weight
subsidence
subsoil
subsoil exploration
subsurface
Sub-surface Setttlement Point
suction
suitability test
sump
Sump Pump
support
supporting fluid
surcharge
Surcharge Force (Fo)
surface force
Surface Settlement Point
surface wave
survey
Surveyor
suspension
Swage Pile
Swinging Leads
Swivel Leads
system test
T.A.M.
Tack
Tapette
Taywood Sheet Pile Driver-Extractor
Telescope Lead
Telltale
temperature
temporary anchor
Temporary Wall
tendon
tension crack
Tension Pile
tension pile
tension steel
Teredo
Termination Criterion
terrace deposits
test
Test Borings
test load
Test Loading
test micropile
test pile
Test Pit
test procedure
testing machine
Texas Quick Load Pile Test
texture
thixotropy
Thread
Throttle Valve
tides
tie-back
Tieback Trumpet
Tiedown
tie-rod
tight
till
Tilt Meter
tiltmeter
timber pile
time-settlement curve
Toe
Toe Elevation
toe failure
Toe Grouting
Toe Resistance
Tolerance
Top Block
Top Head
Top Man
Top Plate
top soil
Top-down Method
Torque
Torque Correlation
torsion
Total Stress Analysis
TPT Pile
Training Wall
transducer
Transferred energy
transition zone
Tremie
tremie concrete
Tremie Pipe
Tremie Plug
trench
Trench Cutter
Trepan
Trestle
trial micropile
trial pile
Triangular Lead
triangular load distribution
triaxial apparatus
triaxial cell
Tricone
Trip
Truss Leads
TTI Program
Tube Pile
tube--manchettes
two-way slab
U Lead
UBC
ULS
Under-Ream
underreamed pile
underseepage
underwater
Underwater Driving
undisturbed sample
undrained shear strength
uniaxial compression
uniformity coefficient
unit weight
Updown Method
uplift
Uplift Capacity
uplift piles
uplift pressure
USDOT
vacuum
vane apparatus
Vane Shear Test
varved clay
Vertical Earth Boring Machine
Vertical Travel Leads
vibrating extensometers
Vibrating wire strain gauge
vibration
Vibratory Driver/Extractors
Vibratory Hammer
vibratory pile driving
Vibro-compaction
Vibro-driveability (Vp)
vibroflotation
viscosity
visual inspection
void
void ratio
volcano
volume
volume change
Wakefield Pile
wale
wall friction
Wall Thickness
Wash Boring
wash water
washboring
water content
Water Jet
Water Table
water table fluctuation
wave
Wave Equation
wave length
Wave Speed
Wave Trace
wave velocity
Ways
weak soil
WEAP
weathering
wedge
wedging
weephole
weight loss
well
well casing
well point
well screen
wet-processed method
WFEO
Wharf
wharf structures
Wick Drain
Wide Flange
Wings
WMM -Wet Mixing Method or WSMM
-Wet Soil Mixing Method
wood
wood pile
wood preservates
workability
working level
Working Load
working micropile
working pile
x-rays
yield
yield point
yield stress
Young's modulus
zero point
zinc
zone of capillary saturation
zone of plastic flow of soil
zone of seepage
zone of swelling
DEFINITION
Abbreviation for Architect/Engineer or vice versa.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
American Concrete Institute.
See Augered, Cast-in-Place Pile
Structural steel fabrication or iron casting placed in a pile helmet to adjust to a different type or
size of pile. Also called filler or insert.
The adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil water. Also referred to
as "frost grip."
The nearest piles to a given pile or location
The International Association of Foundation Drilling - Formerly the Association of Drilled Shaft
Contractors
Water bound to soil particles because of the attraction between electrical charges existing on
soil particle surface and (dipole) water molecules.
Trade name for a tapered steel unit for connecting pipe piles by driven friction.
Soil mainly composed of silt-sized particles of wind blown deposits. See also Loess, which is
aeolian soil.
ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations. Engineering Organization consisted of ten
national professional engineering organisation from ten ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian
Nations) countries
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and
used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or
pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom
Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural
member used in bracing. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms Appendix B.
Colloquial term for driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is
inclined toward the crane. Same as Negative Batter. See also Inclined Pile
American General Contractors Association
The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as both air intake and air exhaust ports.
Impact pile driver powered by compressed air or steam; action of machine may be single,
double, differential or compound.
Device for lifting slurry, suspended solids and drill cuttings from the bottom of a bentonite or
polymer slurry-filled excavation for a trench, coffer dam cell or drilled shaft. Usually, compressed
air is introduced into the slurry at the bottom of the excavation via a small pipe inside a larger
pipe. The upward airflow inside the larger pipe reduces slurry density. The higher density of the
surrounding slurry causes an upward flow inside the larger pipe that tends to lift material from
the bottom of the excavation.
The maximum load permitted, considering structural strength, bearing capacity, horizontal
movement, code requirements, or measured settlement in a load test.
A sedimentary soil deposit that has been transported by water.
Mechanical device used to transfer load (tension or compression) from a superstructure to
supporting soil/rock
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a
retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached . See also Deadman. 2. Piles constructed
near test pile to anchor jacking beam (See also Reaction Pile).
A part fitted to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the
hammer in the leads. Also called Side Guides, Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws, Ways.
Value used in soil analysis approximately equal to the angle formed by a naturally occurring pile
of cohesionless soil.
A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and
used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or
pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom
Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural
member used in bracing.
Subsurface water with sufficient pressure (head) to raise the water in a well or pipe above the
normal groundwater table or ground surface.
American Society of Civil Engineers.
American Society of Foundation Engineers.
American Society for Testing and Materials.
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped
between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The
hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion.
A type of diesel fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an
injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.
The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index for soil. The water content where the soil
behavior changes from the semi-liquid to the plastic state is the liquid limit and from the plastic
to the semi-solid state is the plastic limit. Plasticity index is the numerical difference between
liquid limit and plastic limit and is the range of water content within which the soil behaves as a
plastic. For test method, see ASTM D4318.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and a cutting head on
the bottom, designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the
supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.
Sections of a continous flight auger "quick-coupled" together to form a continous auger. See
Continous Flight Auger
The point at which auger advance ceases, or slows to a predetermined rate due to the strength
of the soil or rock being drilled.
A proprietary name for an augered, cast-in-place (ACIP) pile
ACIP piles are constructed by rotating a continuous-flight, hollow-stem auger into the ground to
the specified bearing depth, or until the refusal criteria are reached. Fluid grout is then pumped,
under pressure, through the hollow stem and out of a port on the bit, as the auger is withdrawn
in such a way as to exert a positive grout pressure on the soil surrounding the drilled hole. ACIP
piles may be referred to by several other names, some of which are proprietary or used by
specific contractors. Some common names are auger cast, Auger Pressure Grouted (APG),
continuous flight auger (CFA), Augerpile, augered grout injected, augered uncased, and
uncased cast-in-place.
Electronic device to automatically record augered, cast-in-place pile installation data during
drilling and grouting.
American Wood Preservers' Association - Primary standards writing body for pressure treatment
of wood, including pressure-treated timber piling. American Wood Preservers Institute provides
technical assistance and use specifications. American Wood Preservers Bureau is concerned
with quality control of pressure treated wood.
American Welding Society.
Soil material placed into a space that has been excavated, such as against structures and in
pipe trenches, and in foundations.
Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called Chill Ring.
Wrapping timber piles with high-tensile steel bands to prevent splitting while driving. Also called
Strapping.
Cast-in-place concrete foundation element that may be reinforced, which is constructed in
various plan configurations (I, H, L, X shapes) and intended to primarily carry vertical loads. Also
called load-bearing element.
See Bottom Heave
The maximum pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the foundation unit
considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions.
The pressure applied to a soil or rock by a foundation unit; it is equal to or smaller than the
allowable bearing pressure.
The contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which it bears.
A wall that supports vertical load, as floors or roof.
Solid rock as distinguished from boulders or layers.
Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its
bearing area. Also called Under-ream.
An area enlarged around a soil anchor for added grout and resistance.
A large-diameter drilled shaft with an enlarged base. See also Caisson
Sodium montmorillonite, a mineral clay. A highly compressible colloidal clay which, when
introduced into certain soils, reduces their permeability. 1. Introduced in pellet form and tamped
into place to restrict water seepage. 2. Suspended in water to form a slurry, Bentonite Slurry,
helps to prevent earth from falling into an augered hole or excavated trench. 3. Provides
viscosity to suspend cuttings and helps seal walls of borings.
One form of segregation in concrete. A process that occurs in plastic-state concrete after placing
- Bleeding involves rising up of excess water in the concrete mix to the top surface of the
concrete. Excessive bleeding can cause high permeability and hig
The creosote, as on a pile surface, that resembles fresh paint which has been poured rather
than brushed. On hot days creosote will "bleed" out of the pile.
See Blowing - Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation
because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of
sheeting. Also called Blowout, Blowing, Piping.
An African hard wood utilized as a hammer cushion. Often used on offshore hammers.
See Drive Cap
A deep foundation that is constructed by methods other than driving. Also known as a pile,
drilled shaft, caisson, or cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) pile.
1. A hole in the earth produced by various methods. 2. The method of exploring subsurface
conditions by drilling or otherwise advancing a cased or uncased hole into the earth. Frequently,
soil or rock samples are extracted from the boring for classifica
Soil or rock material obtained from off site for use as fill on a construction project.
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and
used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or
pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads o
Upward movement of soil in the base of a large excavation.
A rock with a diameter that is greater than 200 mm (International Standard) or 300 mm (ASTM
D422)
The pressure in the air compressed by the upward moving piston of a closed-end double acting
diesel pile hammer.
Lead which is configured in the shape of a "U" with guiding rails for hammer in open portion of
the "U." Also called Steam Lead, "U" Lead. See sketches, Appendix B.
A pile made from two deep-arch sheet piles, channels or other structural steel shapes, welded
along their contact lines. The box pile may be driven open or closed ended and filled with
concrete or left empty.
Former designation for H-pile; now called HP.
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane's rotating
upper housing, and used to position or incline the leads in or out, left or right. Can be
mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used
An inclined pile connected to a structure in such a way as to resist lateral forces.
A system of horizontal and/or inclined structural members fastened to the piles of a bent, group
or row to increase stability by resisting or distributing lateral forces to the structure. Bracing is
used extensively in trenches and sheet-pile cofferdams
A vertical steel pile with a horizontal steel beam welded near the top of the pile. These piles are
typically used in underpinning applications.
A wall built against a bank of earth or rock to prevent it from falling. See also Rip Rap - Large
pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion.
The separation of fibers at the butt or tip of a wood pile caused generally by excessive or
improper driving, or timber of unsuitable quality. Can be controlled through the use of a pile
banding ring, driving cap with cushion blocks and a metal shoe for
Trade name for a concrete pile precast with short pieces of pipe at ends for adding lengths with
a tapered drive splicer.
Guide and regulations for design and construction of buildings and their supports.
See Settlement Point
A work constucted along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls
supplemented with treated timber, steel of reinforced concrete sheet piling driven int the beach
and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as a
An inorganic silt of slight plasticity; quakes like jelly when subjected to vibration.
Trade name for a precast concrete tip about 17 in. diameter driven with a 14 in. heavy wall pipe.
For a cased pile a corrugated shell is lowered and fastened to the base and the pipe withdrawn.
For an uncased pile concrete is forced out the bottom as th
Welding two adjoining corresponding surfaces by setting them in a common place in exact
position to each other while assuring that their common axis is in a straight line. See also Bevel
Butt Weld
1. Reinforcing bars preassembled for quick placing in a pile or excavated slurry-wall trench. 2.
See Hairpin Lead - A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with
rails spaced wider than the hammer width.Offshore Leads - A pi
Compressed Air and Gas Institute
Originally a large structural chamber utilized to keep soil and water from entering into a deep
excavation or construction area. Caissons may be prefabricated and installed by being sunk in
place by adding weight and by systematically excaving below the
A gravity hammer which is mounted on top of a caisson and which contains a cushioning system
and a rudimentary lead. Also called Tapette.
See Caisson
Steel ingots or concrete blocks used to help sink a caisson. Also used as reaction weights for
test loading - load-test weights. See also Kentledge
Indicating that a pile has reached specified penetration and/or blow count - that the pile is
"home."
See Offshore Lead - A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is
contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is
supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually sup
The opposite of its name - a wood handled tool with a hinged hook near the bottom for turning
piles or timbers. See also Peavy.
Used with deteriorated pile bents, usually timber; existing piles are cut off at good material, a
cap placed across them and support built up to the structure.
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It is suspended beneath a
hammer by cables; it contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the
anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape p
Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc.
which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact
blow. See also Cap Material, Cushion Blocks, and Dolly.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit. See resistance,
ultimate
A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated, factored bearing-capacity of a foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a loaded foundation unit, e.g., a footing,
or a pile. (The structural capacity of a foundation unit is the ultimate resistance of the unit itself
as based on the strength of the building materials.)
See capacity, bearing
The maximum or ultimate resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to loading
perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
The maximum or ultimate strength of the foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to tension
(upward) loading.
Obsolete term. See "Hammer cushion."
Movement of groundwater that occurs through very small voids or channels in soil due to
capillary tension.
Title of a computer wave equation program derived from "CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program."
The software utilizes a signal matching technique in which the measurements from a Pile
Driving Analyzer (PDA) and theoretical results generated by the software are
A method that calculates static soil resistance (static ultimate pile capacity) from data recorded
by a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and estimated soil damping properties. See also "CAPWAP"
1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole.
2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.
The blows, usually of a 300 pound hammer falling 18 in. onto a soil sampler casing while
making a soil boring.
A device used to slightly twist the casing back and forth around its longitudinal axis as the casing
is being drilled into the ground. A casing twister is occasionally used in drilled pile applications.
An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2.
A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.
A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the
ground. Also called Insitu Pile, or Caisson.
A rotating power driven spool or winch head. Used to lift a drop-hammer weight (140 lb or more)
to drive a casing or soil sampling tool and for soil penetration tests. The weight is usually raised
by wrapping a rope around the continuously-rotating cat h
A wooden float with sides, for carrying wood piles to a floating driver.
A means of protecting steel piles from corrosion by providing a consumable (sacrificial) anode or
by applying an external electrical potential.
Trade name for a thin-wall shell pipe driven with a mandrel striking on the point.
A structure of interlocking steel sheet piling to make a self-sustaining cofferdam with separate
inside and outside walls. See also Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam and Diaphragm-Type
Cellular Cofferdam.
Low strength mixture of cement, bentonite and water, which hardens with time.
High strength mixture of cement and water, which hardens with time.
Devices designed to keep reinforcing steel centralized in a shaft as concrete is placed. Typically
fabricated from steel bars, precast concrete blocks, or plastic mouldings.
In model pile testing a device to approximate gravity-induced horizontal stresses to compensate
for scale.
Cubic feet per minute.
Canadian Geotechnical Society.
A trade name for a structural connector for splicing H-piles.
A fluid chemical compound injected into soil or rock to improve its load-carrying capacity or
decrease its permeability.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower
section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by
the pile after engagement. See also Off-shore Lead
A method of drilling through difficult overburden or rock employing heavy percussion by a starshaped cutting bit or chisel.
Construction Industry Manufacturers Association
A structure constructed of interlocking steel-sheet piling consisting of circular cells joined with
connecting arcs. The arcs are installed after the cells are completed; the cells and arcs are filled
with granular soils.. See Diaphragm-Type Cofferdam
In the direct circulation method, drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill
bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and the cuttings are
carried to the surface by the flow. In the reverse circulat
Excavation bucket operated by cables or hydraulic rams.
A soil material with a cohesive strength that increases or decreases with changes in moisture.
The permiability of clay is very low. It is difficult to compact when wet, and impossible to drain by
ordinary means.
A percussion boring tool used in clay soils.
Also called clean-out bucket. A specially designed drilling bucket to clean the base of wetprocessed bored piles or drilled shafts
A piece of timber nailed to each corner of a timber sheeted pit to hold the adjoining timber
boards.
Specification which describes the end product and how it is to be achieved. Usually used for
permanent walls
Soil types that have particles large enough to be seen without visual assistance. The coarsegrained materials include the sand and gravel (or larger) soil particles.
A rock fragment of 3 to 12 inches in size, usually rounded by weathering and abrasion.
A proprietary, segmented steel mandrel designed to be pneumatically expanded inside of a thin,
round, corrugated metal shell to hold it while driving.
Nondimensional coefficient of cushion materials which accounts for the energy absorbing
characteristics of the material. The value of "e" lies between 1 and 0.
A structure which is built to exclude earth and water from an area in order that work may be
performed there under reasonably dry conditions. A cofferdam does not have to be entirely
watertight to be successful. It may be cheaper to permit some flow into
The bonding or attraction between particles of fine-grained soil that enhances shear strength
and is independent of effective pressure.
A soil, sand, that when unconfined has little or no strength when air-dried and that has little or no
cohesion when submerged.
A soil that has been formed by movement of soil from its original place by gravity.
The time between impact and combustion in an impact atomization diesel pile hammer.
A cast-in-place pile formed with an enlarged base. Dry concrete in the base is placed in small
batches, which are compacted by heavy blows while plastic. See Enlarged Base-1. A pile base
reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry co
The process of increasing the density or unit weight of a soil by preloading, rolling, tamping,
vibrating, or other mechanical means.
Ground improvement method in which loose soils are densified by the injection of low-slump
grout at high pressure.
A pile made up of two or more types or sizes of piles joined together. The connection between
the components is designed to transmit load and to prevent separation during and after
construction. See also Spliced Pile - A pile composed of two or more segm
Colloquial term for the preferred "Compound Inclination Pile".
Inclined pile driven at an angle in two directions from the main direction of the piles. Also "Skew
Inclination"
Pile hammer leads designed to withstand compressive forces from pile extraction operation (i.e.,
as used in pulling sand drains or mandrels).
A computer program used to solve the wave equation as applied to pile driving and specifically
to attempt to predict the optimum hammer size and pile length to acquire a desired ultimate
bearing value of a pile. See also WEAP - Wave Equation Analysis of
Measuring the dry materials for a concrete mix (usually by weight) to control the quality of the
mix.
Distance from closest reinforcing bar face to the surface of the concrete
See CPT
A load test technique that involves applying a load to the pile in such a manner that the pile top
(head) experiences a constant rate of displacement. The force and displacement are recorded
at short intervals, so that a force/displacement curve may be pl
A proprietary means of attaching horizontal timber lagging to the face of steel soldier piles as
excavation proceeds.
Walls formed by closely-spaced piles installed by augered, cast-in-place method or bored castin-place method. Typically used as earth-retaining walls. Also called tangent pile walls.
A pneumatic, electric or hydraulic drilling machine to which is connected a string of helical
augers and a cutting head, used to bore holes in the earth, into which a pile section or a tieback
is set or concrete is cast-in-place.
Joint provided in concrete members to control contraction as concrete sets.
A diesel hammer which can be operated either open-end (single-acting) or closed-end (doubleacting).
Continuation of a soil boring into rock; a core may be recovered for examination and testing.
See also Dry Sampling - A method of sampling soil by boring a hole in the ground with a
sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object i
Panel, not linear in plan, used to accomplish change in direction of wall.
A structure which slides on the rails of pile driver leads and carries the hammer forward of the
lead rails.
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as
applicable. Also call Dockbuilders, Bridgemen or Pile Bucks.
A structure built of round or square timbers, or reinforced precast concrete members, laid in
courses with the pockets filled with riprap or rubble.
Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying lines
holding pile and hammer over top of leads. See Appendix B. Also call Head Block, Sheave
Head Assembly, or Top Head.
A down-hole quality assurance test in which the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) through the
foundation material is measured at closely spaced intervals over the full depth of the foundation
to assess uniformity. Requires access tubes or boreholes over the
1. The downward thrust of Kelly bar or auger caused by mechanical reaction against the weight
of the boring rig. It is used when boring becomes difficult in hard soil formations. 2. Lateral thrust
to hold a pile in position when it tends to drift.
See Constant Rate of Penetration
A barrette having a shape of a cross (Illustration in appendix B). See also Barrette.
A non-load bearing wall constructed underground to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under
stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to
prevent underscour; 4. Under earth or concrete levees. May be made o
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and
spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad.
Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc.
which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact
blow. Same as Cap Material, Dolly.
The material placed on a pile head to cushion the impact of the driving hammer.
Additional metal placed as an inside or outside cast steel ring or welded plate at the bottom of
an open-end pile or caisson to strengthen the tip.
Centrifugal device used to remove fine soil particles suspended in bentonite slurry.
1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or
"float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the
hammer casing or cylinder.
A structure constructed to obstruct the flow or impound water.
A coefficient that is determined as the ratio of a force to velocity. In dynamic testing of piles, the
damping factors are the following types: (1) Smith Damping factor (presented by E.A. Smith,
1960) is defined as the ratio of a force to a velocity. (2)
Incision or notch cut in timber into which the head of a pile or other timber is fitted.
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a
retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached. 2: Piles driven near test pile to anchor
jacking beam (Also called Reaction Pile or Anchor Pile).
The weight or mass per unit of volume. In reference to soil, the term usually indicates weight
per unit volume and is synonymous with unit weight
The span between the loosest void ratio and the actual void ratio divided by the span between
the loosest and densest void ratios.
Distance from the ground surface to the depth at which a pile is held firmly by the soil.
Device used to remove sand and silt particles suspended in bentonite slurry
Equipment used to filter and/or remove suspended solids from bentonite slurry prior to its reuse.
Drying of soils.
Drawing prepared to show intent of the work. Drawing is not sufficiently detailed to be used for
construction.
The professional organization responsible for the design, plans and specifications to fulfill the
scope of work to be performed to successfully complete the design of a project. The firm may
also monitor and observe the construction of the project. See
The load designed for a pile; also Service load. Must be smaller than the allowable load.
A watertight concrete cut-off wall or a combination concrete structural cut-off wall tremie poured
in an excavated and fluid (bentonite slurry) filled trench. See also Slurry Structural Wall, and
Cutoff Wall
A structure made of steel sheet piles with each of the inner and outer walls consisting of a series
of arc segments, which are connected at their intersections with diaphragms that extend through
the cofferdam to form a series of cells. The cells are fil
A pile hammer, which carries its own diesel fuel to generate power internally.
A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by compressing air, above
the ram to form an "air spring." Also called Double Acting Diesel Hammer.
A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by gravity. Also called
Single-Acting Diesel Hammer.
Title of a proprietary computer program for solving wave equations for diesel hammers.
Undesirable precombustion of the fuel in a diesel pile hammer (usually due to overheating or
improper fuel). Also called Prefiring, Preignition.
A fluid -powered hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and is exhausted into and
combined with additional fluid entering over the piston to take advantage of differential piston
areas to accelerate the ram and to act in concert with gravity
An impervious barrier to control movement of water.
Angle of inclination a fault stratum makes with the horizontal plane. See also Strike -The
direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to North.
A counter-flow method of circulating drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation
method drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the
surface in the annular space. See also Reverse Circul
Hollow stem chisel with provision for introducing bentonite slurry under pressure at the head of
the drill in order to remove drill cuttings.
A solid pile, or hollow pile, driven with the lower end closed, which displaces an equivalent soil
volume by compaction or by lateral or vertical displacement of the soil, such as timber, closedend pipe or precast concrete piles. A Franki Pile.
A sample of soil taken without effectively minimizing disturbance of the soil mass.
A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which powdered reagent is pneumatically delivered
into the ground by using compressed air in order to mix it with in situ soils forming thus a soil
reagent column. The chemical reaction of the soil and stabilising re
A soil modification technique in which the soil can be stabilised either by forming columns of
stabilised soils (soil stabilisation) or by stabilising the entire soil volume (mass stabilisation) by
means of a mixture in situ with cementitious (cement, lim
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as
applicable. Also called Bridgemen, Pile Bucks, or Pile Crew.
A pile curved or bent during driving.
Block, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc.
which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact
blow. Also called Cap Material, Pile Cushion.
1. A cluster of piles driven and bound together at the top to protect bridge piers and docks from
heavy marine traffic. 2. A marine structure founded on piles used to moor, anchor, breast or
turn a vessel. 3. A large diameter pile or casing to accompl
An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig.
Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the
use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she
Two sheet piles, interlocked and tack welded then handled together for installation and pulling.
The load transferred to a deep foundation unit by negative skin friction, occurring when the soil
settles in relation to the foundation unit.
Space provided between wall and interior finish wall for collection of seepage from a slurry wall
or structural support.
The lowering of the level of the groundwater table that occurs as a work area is dewatered for
construction. Also lowering water behind a dam.
Excavating underwater, usually with floating equipment; it may be an elevator ladder, hydraulic
suction, grapple, grab or dipper bucket, scraper, dragline, clam shell or backhoe.
A deposit of loose detrital materials, fragments of rocks, boulders, sand, gravel, clay or other
soils driven together by ice, wind or water. See also Glacial Till - Materal deposited by
glaciation, usuallly a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected
1. A metal rod driven into a hole bored in timber, the hole having a smaller diameter than the
rod; usual purpose is to hold two or more timbers together. 2. In steel erection a tapered "drift
pin" is used to align holes at connections.
A sheeted pit excavated laterally from within a main pit.
A larger diameter, up to 10 ft or more, opening excavated to bearing strata and filled with
concrete - either cased or uncased.
See Drilled Shaft
Concrete pile cast-in-place in an augered hole, which may be belled at the bottom. Suitable
where soil is dry and hole will stand open. Also called Drilled Pier, Drilled Pile, Bored Pile.
An open-end pipe driven to rock, cleaned out and a socket drilled into rock to receive a steel
core (H,WF or bars) then socket and pipe are filled with concrete. Core, concrete and pipe
contribute to high load carrying capacity.
Height of fall of a drop hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool.
The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around a powered continuously rotating spool or
"cathead." The weight is raised by holding the rope taut th
A closed rotary boring tool with its cutting edge at its base. Spoil is removed from the bucket by
swinging it to one side of the bore and releasing the hinged bottom of the bucket.
A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile which has a formed bale
or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive pile. Also called a
Gravity Hammer.
A method of sampling soil by augering a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon
attached to the end of the auger. The object is to obtain a complete undisturbed sample of the
natural soil for analysis. Also call Core Borings.
A mixture of sand and cement with just enough water to form a ball with compressed by hand.
This mixture is generally rammed between foundations and underpinning to form full bearing
contact.
Excavation or drilling method for bored piles or drilled shaft construction. Borehole is drilled
under dry conditions without introducing slurry. Applicable in soil and/or rock where the shaft is
to be formed above the groundwater level, or impervious mat
Method of advancing a borehole whereby the drill rods and casing are inserted simultaneously
by rotary or rotary-percussive technics. The drill cuttings / slurry return through the annulus
between the rods and casing in order to minimize loss of ground.
Y-type rigging system, to operate diesel hammer with a single hosting cable of the crane, which
supports both the lead and hammer.
A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate
load-bearing strength of a pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer or CPT
Pile hammer leads composed of two holes or pipes which are loosely coupled at the boom point
and the base and the hammer is guided between the pipes.
Ground improvement method in which loose granular soils are densified at depth by the
dropping of a heavy weight at ground surface in a planned grid pattern.
The mass that moves/vibrates during pile installation, i.e. weight of excitor block, hydraulic
clamp and pile. Usually given in (kg). See illustration #11.
The determination of the capacity, impact force, transferred energy, etc. of a driven pile, using
analysis of measured stress waves induced by the driving of the pile.
The recording of strain and acceleration induced in a pile during driving and presentation of the
data in terms of stress and transferred energy in the pile, as well as of estimates of capacity,
impact force, hammer rise etc.
See Dynamic Pile Monitoring
Rods or cables installed into the adjacent soil mass or rock. Portion beyond zone of active
pressure is pressure grouted to hold a soldier pile or similar walled excavation. The anchors
may be installed horizontally or at a slope. See Appendix C.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and cutting head on
the bottom designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the
supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.
Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an
earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical
plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre
Load that does not bear axially on the pile, usually due either to the pile being driven out of
plumb or plan location or the actual imposed load condition.
Also called "unbalanced moment" and even "static moment". See Illustration #7
The vertical location of a point relative to a fixed reference (i.e., sea level plus or minus x).
1. The length of the pile from the surface of the ground or from the cutoff below the ground to the
tip of the pile. 2. Extent of penetration of the top into the pile cap.
Protective cover for steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground
line, where all types of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack. Also called Pile
Encasement.
Support provided by the lower end or toe of a deep foundation.
A plate or point attached to the toe of a pipe or shell pile.
The static soil resistance at the pile end to loading. Also called Toe Resistance.
Round pipe or shaped device placed at the ends of a panel excavation prior to placement of
concrete and withdrawn from the excavation after the concrete has set, providing smooth
surfaces at the ends of the panel.
Device to withdraw end stop after the concrete has achieved initial set.
A pile that supports the major portion of the load placed upon it by end or toe bearing on a firm
stratum existing at some depth below the ground surface.
The kinetic energy delivered by a hammer ram to the anvil of a pile driving helmet.
The nominal energy calculated as the maximum height (stroke) of the hammer ram times the
weight of the ram.
The energy transferred from the hammer to the pile through the helmet and cushions and
measured in dynamic monitoring.
A geologist, who may also have engineering training, specializing in the application of geology to
engineering problems.
One of many dynamic formulae for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a driven pile.
R = 2E / + 0.1 [Where: E = Energy in ft-lbs; S = Set in inches/blow; R = Allowable pile capacity
in pounds with a presumed factor of safety of 6]
1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry concrete or
gravel from the base of an open-ended driving tube to form a bulb. This has the effect of
increasing the bearing area of the pile and compacting the soil. 2. Pre
A two (or more) part resin that, when mixed, produces a high-strength bonding material.
A term applied to a lead in which the hammer is mounted in front of the lead. Also called Mast
Lead, Monkey Stick, Truss Lead, Triangular Lead. See Appendix B
A space created by the removal of soil or rock for the purpose of construction.
1. The outlet fluid path of all powered hammers. 2. The combined air inlet and exhaust ports of a
diesel pile hammer.
See Enlarged Base.
A pile with a mechanical device for expanding the bottom to increase bearing capacity or
resistance to uplift.
This type of soil undergoes volume changes upon wetting and drying, capable of causing
damage to buildings and pavements. Expansive soils mostly occur in arid and semiarid areas.
Found in large areas of Southwest and Western United States.
The force exerted on a pile by the explosion of the diesel fuel, which is equal to the gas pressure
created by the explosion times the area of the cylinder bore.
Helical anchorage/foundation component installed immediately following the helical lead section.
Extensions consist of a steel shaft of finite length without helix plates. It is installed following
the installation of the helical lead section or extensi
Geotechnical Instrument used to measure displacement and strains in soil, rock, and cast-inplace bored piles.
Pulling to withdraw previously installed pile from the ground. Usually done with an impact pile
extractor or a vibratory pile driver/extractor.
A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke
so equipped as to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing
this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effectiv
The ratio of maximum available resistance or of the capacity to the allowable stress or load.
The capacity of a foundation unit, as determined by geotechnical formula using factored soil
strength parameters, or, when the capacity is determined in a field-test loading or calculated
from penetrometer data, the failure load multiplied by a performanc
The load applied to a foundation unit, multiplied by an appropriate load factor (Typically greater
than unity, or as specified in the relevant code).
Resistance to loading, multiplied by an appropriate resistance factor (Typically less than Unity, or
as specified in the appropriate local code.)
Shear strength parameter modified (reduced) by resistance factors for cohesion and friction, as
used in ultimate limit states design.
1. Movement of the pile foundation or any part thereof, either as vertical settlement or laterally,
to such an extent that objectionable damage results to the structure supported by the
foundation. 2. Failure of a pile or piles to pass a load test.
A coating of natural soil or bentonite suspension which lines the walls of an excavation,
particularly in permeable ground, where bentonite or soil slurry has been used as a stabilizing
medium during its construction.
Device used to measure the filtration and filter cake development of bentonite slurry.
Water loss from bentonite slurry applied under pressure against a filter.
The number of blows per inch, foot or other unit length of measure at which the driving of the
pile or soil sampling device was stopped.
The net penetration a pile moves under one blow or a specified series of blows at the end of
driving. (Reciprocal of final blow count)
Refers to silt and clay-sized particles which exist in a soil mixture. See also Coarse-Grained
Soils.
A graphical method used to study the hypothetical flow of water through a soil. It is utilized to
indicate the paths of travel followed by moving water and the hydraulic pressures resulting from
such water flow.
Cementitious low strength, self-leveling, low viscosity material used to backfill in areas where it
would otherwise be difficult to place and compact normal soil backfill. Compressive strength of
material is generally lower than 300 psi to allow for futur
The path of travel traced by moving water as it flows through a soil mass.
Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of a hammer to drive a pile.
Also called Motive Flluid.
An admixture used in augered, cast-in-place pile grout that promotes flowability, reduces water
requirements, reduces bleeding and segregation, can increase strength and provides expansion
in the plastic state. Is usually specified by quoting ASTM C 937
A hard, fine, pozzolanic residue from coal combustion often used as an admixture in concrete.
1. A pile hammer held by a crane line, without leads and used to drive a supported pile. Also
called free-hanging hammer, swinging hammer or wild hammer. 2. Vibratory hammers operate
in this manner. See Sketches, Appendix B.
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It contains a well or recess
on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a
specific shape pile, along with its cushion if used. The out
A member interposed between a pile hammer and a pile to transmit blows when the pile head is
below the reach of the hammer. Also called a Dolly.
The lower end of a driven pile, pile tip.
See Footing
Type of foundation typically installed at a shallow depth and constructed to provide an area of
bearing on the supporting soil or rock.
The energy in foot-pounds delivered per blow by the ram of a pile hammer.
Colloquial term for inclination of the pile toe away from the pile driver. Also called Positive Batter
or Forward Batter.
The supervisor of a pile crew.
A system or arrangement of structual members through which the loads from a building are
transferred to supporting soil or rock
A weldment bracket typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System to stabilize, and
sometimes elevate, a structure that has experienced foundation settlement. The bracket is used
to connect the foundation of a structure to an installed Helix Screw
A relatively long, slender colulmn installed in the ground to generate support from friction along
its periphery and/or end bearing on firm material.
One of the structural members of the foundation of a building such as a footing, raft, or pile.
A unit that provides support for a structure by transferring load or stress to the soil at depth
considerably larger than the width of the unit. A pile is the most common type of deep
foundation.
A proprietary name for a pile constructed with an expanded base of compacted concrete.
The number of vibrations or oscillations occurring in one second, designated Hertz (Hz).
A pile which derives most or all of its resistance to load by the friction developed between the
side surface of the pile and the soils through which it is driven.
A pile that achieves support from the combination of side friction and toe (end) bearing.
The depth below the surface to which moisture filled soils may freeze. Foundations must be
carried to below the frost line to minimize danger of frost heave. Also called Frost Penetration.
The phenomenon occurring when water in soil is subjected to freezing and thawing. Freezing,
because of the water-ice phase change or ice lens growth, results in a total volume increase and
/or the build-up of expansive forces under confined conditions, an
Frost heave refers to the vertical soil movement which occurs in freezing temperatures as ice
layers or lenses form within the freezing soil and caused the soil mass to expand. See also Frost
Action, and Heave.
Soil in which significant ice-segregation will occur, resulting in frost heave or heaving pressures,
when requisite moisture and freezing conditions exist.
General Contractor
A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed around the pile to maintain
alignment between the pile and leads. See also Pile Gate.
An engineer with specialized training and knowledge of soils and rocks, employed to do soil
investigations, design of structure foundations and provide field observation.
A stiffening member passing around the outside of a structure, or part of a structure, for the
purpose of strengthening or protecting it.
Material deposited by glaciation, usually a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected to the
sorting action of flowing water.
A short piece of timber placed between bracing and a pile as a filler.
A two-segment mandrel actuated by a hydraulic cylinder pulling on cables which pass over
sheaves in a manner to force the two segments apart to hold a corrugated shell for driving.
Plug-like device placed in a tremie pipe prior to placement of concrete in the pipe. Device is
intended to prevent concrete from mixing with bentonite slurry or water during initial placement
of concrete. Typically formed of foam rubber or polystyrene
The low man or woman on the construction crew who goes for parts, supplies, or tools, as
instructed.
A short cylinder of steel plate large enough for a man to work inside; as excavation proceeds,
smaller cylinders are set inside until bearing stratum is reached. The telescoped cylinders are
withdrawn as concrete is placed.
Gallons per minute, hour or day. A unit of measurement of the flow of liquids.
Ground Penetrating Radar.
See Clamshell bucket.
1. The elevation of the natural gound level of any point on the project site. 2. The cut-off
elevation of the pile. 3. The average level of finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior
walls
Small stones or fragments of stone generally smaller than 3 in. and larger than 1/4 in. size.
A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile, which has a formed
bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive the pile. Also
called Drop Hammer.
A very hard, naturally durable wood sometimes used for piling; native to the Amazon area. Less
durable than pressure treated wood, especially in resisting marine borers.
See Pile Template
A framework of structural horizontal members crossed in layers and placed on the tops of piles
or pile caps to support a structural load.
Angular, rough, hard particles of sand, gravel or crushed stone in a loose form.
1. A structure built out from, perpendicular to or making an angle with the shoreline. Generally
built of pressure treated close timber piling, sheet piling driven between guide wales and piles,
or horizontal courses of plank held between vertical timber
A method of freezing the ground in order to provide temporary excavation support and prevent
groundwater from entering into the excavation. Pore water in the soil is frozen by cooling the
ground by circulating a refrigerant (usually calcium chloride brin
Variety of methods of improving weak soils. See dynamic compaction, chemical grouting, jet
grouting, compaction grouting, deep soil mixing, vibro-compaction.
Seismic waves created by transmission of energy through the into the earth. The resulting
ground motion is characterized by four main parameters; displacement, velocity, acceleration,
and frequency.
Water present in saturated soils.
A mixture of cement and water or chemicals: for filling voids it is made very thin for pumping
under pressure. Rock flour, clay, or sand may be added to cement grout for economy. Cement
Grout can be used to improve the tips of piles, and as an adhesive
The ratio of the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, to the theoretical volume of the
shaft. Usually expressed as a percentage. See also Overtake.
The pumping pressure maintained when placing grout in an ACIP pile.
The moment at which grout is observed on the auger flights at the ground surface as the auger
is being withdrawn during the placement of grout in an ACIP pile.
1. Shafts constructed by pumping grout through a hollow-stem auger. Also called Augered castin-place (ACIP) Auger Pressure Grouted (APG) or Auger pressure grouted displacement
(APGD) piles. 2. Drilled shafts that have had grout pumped in at high-pressure
Grout is pressure-injected into deposits of rock containing fissures, cavities, seams, etc; to
solidify and strengthen the formation; to reduce or eliminate a flow of water through the
formation; to reduce the hydrostatic uplift under a structure such as
See Fender Pile
That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel
members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer
Guides.
Shallow concrete walls placed on either side of the alignment of a slurry wall to provide vertical
and horizontal alignment control for the excavation and subsequent support of the reinforcing
steel cage and/or other elements to be placed in the trench.
A dark-colored, very sticky, highly plastic clay, occurring abundantly in the central and southern
parts of the U.S.A.
A line that steadies a high piece or structure by pulling against an off-center load
A standard steel-erecting derrick, with guyed mast and a hinged boom at its base, both able to
swivel on the base.
A gravity hammer in the shape of an inverted "U" used without leads to start sheet piles into the
ground. Sometimes called pants.
A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider
than the hammer width. Also called Pony Leads.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower
section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by
the pile after engagement. The pile is usually supported by a template
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and
spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad.
The ratio of kinetic energy of the ram immediately prior to impact divided by the rated energy.
The kinetic energy delivered by a pile hammer to the Drive Cap. See Energy, Impact, and
Energy, Rated.
A heavy tool used in breaking and removing obstructions in large diameter caissons or other
excavations.
The crane main hoist drum wire rope line assigned to raising and lowering and holding the
hammer.
The number of complete strokes of a pile hammer achieved by the ram per minute.
1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or
"float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the
hammer casing or cylinder. See also Cylinder Lift
A short slender pole used to position and hold a pile in the leads.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called
Swinging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
Proprietary cast-steel driving tip with cutting "teeth" for H-piles.
1. Most commonly a very dense heterogeneous mass of clay, sand and gravel of glacial drift
origin. 2. The hard stratum of consolidated earth underlying surface soil, too hard for roots to
penetrate.
A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are
approximately equal. See also Steel H-Pile
A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon
one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called Monkey
Stick, Spud lead.
1. Shortened form of the phrase "pressure head", referring to the pressure resulting from a
column of water or elevated supply of water. 2. The top of a pile.
Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying both
crane hosting drums lines, holding pile and hammer, over the top of leads.
1. The uplifting of earth between or near piles, caused by the displacement of soil by pile driving.
2. The uplift of a previously driven pile caused by the driving of an adjacent pile. 3. The
upward movement of soil and/or foundations supported on s
An anchor consisting of a bar and one or several helix rings. The anchor is augered into the
ground and capacity is derived by the helix bearing against the soil.
Helical tieback, helical anchor or screw anchor screwed into bearing strata, and used to transfer
tensile loads to soil. Helical anchorage consists of small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple
helix bearing plates, coatings, corrosion protection, co
Mild steel bars spirally arranged about the main reinforcement steel to bind the latter to form a
cage.
Also known as Helical screw foundation, screw pile, or helical pier, screwed to or into bearing
strata and used to transfer compression loads to soil. A helical foundation consists of a small
diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates,
A deep foundation system consisting of a Helix Screw Pile and a bracket for transferring loads
from a structure to the pile.
Low capacity metal (galvanized steel) pile consisting of a center-pole and successive helices.
Cased or un-cased, small diameter, soil displacement, cast-in-place screw pile in which gravityfed grout forms a shaft around the central steel element above the helix plate(s).
A high-strength steel shaft with one or more helix-shaped circular steel plates welded to a
central steel hub lead section. Helix anchors are installed by screwing the helix plates into the
soil through the application of a rotating force on the centra
Corrugated (usually 12 to 18 gauge) steel rolled into a spiral pipe with the joint crimped or
welded watertight. The shell is installed as a pile with a mandrel.
Title of computer program developed by Hubbell Power Systems, Inc./A.B. Chance which
calculates the bearing and uplift capacity of helical anchorages/foundations in soil.
Generally round steel plate formed into a ramped spiral. The helical shape provides the means
to install a helical anchorage, or a helical foundation, plus the plate transfers load to soil in endbearing. Helix plates are available in various grades, di
(See Screw Pile)
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. Also called Anvil Block,
Bonnet, Cap, Driving Head, Helmet, Follow Cap, Rider Cap, Shield. See sketches, Appendix A.
A dynamic testing method for deep foundations using a drop-mass to impact the top of the shaft.
The strain at impact must be at least the same order, or greater than the ultimate capacity of the
pile. In brief, the soil resistance must be wholly mobilized
A dynamic pile driving formula for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a pile driven from
its penetration resistance. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and
cushion properties.
A prime mover and a hoist with one or more hoisting wire rope (cable) drums, mounted on a
common sled base.
An earth auger with an end bit on a hollow center shaft. See also Auger.
A point at which a pile has reached specified soil penetration and/or blow count.
A colloquial expression indicating the side of the pile driver which is the most dangerous.
See Steel H-Pile. Also called H-Beam.
Can occur when the hydrostatic pressure in the ground (usually below a clay strata) is sufficient
to cause the collapse of thin-wall pile casing.
Term for the physical property that permits water to flow through the voids in a soil.
Earth fill moved and placed by pumping with water.
Similar to Clamshell Grab. A grab operated by hydraulic action, used for excavation of
diaphragm walls and barrettes
A pile driving hammer that uses a hydraulically-powered ram
Reverse circulation drilling/grinding machine operated by hydraulic drives to rotate cutter wheels
on a horizontal axis. The spoil is removed by a submersible pump within the machine.
Pore water pressure varying as pressure in a non-moving free standing column of water.
Water pressure in soil that results in neither upward or downward flow; having a hydraulic
gradient equal to unity
International Building Code.
Also known as the Transient Dynamic Response Method, or the Sonic Mobility Method. An
integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact from
a small hammer that contains a transducer to measure force input. The r
Also known as Sonic-Echo, and by several proprietary names. An integrity test in which a lowstrain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact with a small hammer. The time
taken for the wave to travel down the shaft and be reflected back to
Preferred term for a pile installed or constructed on an incline so as to provide some horizontal
support for a structure
Instrument which measures inclination and slope or sweep of a cased bored hole. Can be used
in pipe or other types of pile if the pile is equipped with tubing to permit travel of the device.
The steps of applying a test load to a pile. Generally, the specifications will require the steps to
be 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175% and 200% of Design Load. Other increments
may be specified, dependent on design considerations.
Piles, often prestressed concrete, driven in advance of major work to determine needed length
before ordering.
1. Structural fabrication or casting placed in a helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile.
Also called Adaptor or Filler. 2. Any device intended to be permanently embedded in a wall.
In original or final place.
A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the
ground. Also called Cast-In-Place Pile, or Caisson.
The individual who observes pile installation for conformance with contract requirements.
Any device intended to measure the performance of a wall or structural system, or physical
parameters such as soil pressure or water head.
Pile load test performed on a shaft in which instrumentation has been installed to measure
parameters such as stress, strain, and displacement. The load transfer mechanism and stress
distribution can be determined from an instrumented pile load test.
A means of assessing the integrity of a deep foundation nondestructively and non-invasively See Impulse Echo Test and Impulse Response Test
The portion of a steel sheet pile or other sheeting which connects adjacent piles through a
thumb and finger or similar configuration to make a continous wall. Also called a Clutch
A gravity hammer which acts internally on a plug at the base of a pile casing and is used to
advance the casing by driving at the bottom to a given set or penetration.
Reinforcing steel embedded in a wall to provide bending resistance between points of lateral
support.
Proprietary name for a type of cast-in-place concrete pile.
A high capacity hydraulic jacking system used to apply loads to a pile under test. See also Test
Pile
pile pressed into soil by means of static force
1. A means of imposing a static driving force on a pile by using hydraulic jacks. Using
extensively to install piles in underpinning of structures. A jacked pile. 2. The means of precisely
transferring load from another source (either dead weight or a rea
Devices that interface with and are used to clamp a vibratory driver/extractor to a pile.
A method of ground modification that mixes cement with insitu soil using high pressure air
and/or water jets to form "soilcrete". Jet grouting is generally used for excavation shoring,
underpinning, and as a hydraulic barrier.
The use of water or compressed air jet to facilitate the placing or driving of a pile by means of
hydraulic displacement of parts of the soil. In some cases, a high pressure compressed air jet(s)
may be used, either alone or with water. Also called Water
A work constructed out from a harbor entrance. Mounds or heaps of rubble, fascine, or mattress
work with rubble or stone, or a reinforced concrete wal, to prevent littoral drift from forming a
sand bar across a harbor entrance. See also Groin, or Groyne.
Discontinuity between panels, usually formed by end stops or embedded structural shapes.
Also called sonic logger in Asia. Device used to measure a continous profile of a slurry-filled
borehole or excavation by the sonic caliper method - Used to monitor diameter or width and
verticality of bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphra
1. To raise and slip an interlock of a pile, such as a steel sheet pile, into the interlock of an
adjoining pile. Also called Thread. 2. To raise and slip a pile hammer into pile hammer leads
so that its side channels properly engage to slide upon the
The act of interlocking sections of sheet pile to form a wall. Also called Threading.
A pile to which longitudinal pieces (lags) are fastened to provide mechanical protection to a pile
or increase friction contact area. See Lags.
The horizontal members, usually of timber or concrete, spanning between soldier piles. See
Lags.
1. Plates, blocks or structural sections secured to a pile to increase its bearing or friction area.
Also called Lagging. 2. Thin slats on creosoted piles in marinas to reduce creosote stains on
boats.
A mixture of bleed water, cement and fine sand that may appear at the top of concrete after
placing, especially in high lifts, such as piling. It has no structural value.
Metal left, as at a bevel on the flange of an H-pile, for back-up of a weld.
1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and
down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A
complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp
That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel
members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer
Guides.A lead which is fixed to a crane boom point normally in an extended configuration, but has three
directions of freedom about the boom point (i.e., in and out, left and right, and around) rather
than just in and out, left and right movement. Also called Sw
The first helical anchorage/foundation component installed into the soil, consisting of single or
multiple helical plates welded to a steel shaft of finite length.
See Leads.
The edge of the helix that enters the soil first--may be straight, curved or sharpened or blunt.
1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and
down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A
complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp
Pile hammer leads which extend above and attach to the boom point of a crane. Also called
Overhead Leads.
See Leads, Extended.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called
Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads, Swinging Leads.
1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be
raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called VerticalTravel Leads.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called
Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
See Leads, Cardonic. Also called Swivel Leads.
Pile hammer leads which hang from the boom point pin of a crane by straps or pendant cables.
1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be
raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called semi fixed
leads.
Low strength concrete usually intended as backfill in situations where the material will be
subsequently removed.
An embankment of earth built up along the sides of a river to prevent its overflowing its banks.
Cable device used to lift reinforcing steel cages with minimal distortion.
Low density material used as backfill to reduce overburden pressure. Typically consists of
lightweight rotary kiln produced aggregates with a density about half that of normal granular soil
backfill.
A compact, high-calcium limestone originating from coral and other marine remains.
Oil lubricator inserted in compressed air or steam lines to lubricate air or steam powered
hammers. See also Sight Feed Lubricator, or Oiler
1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the side of a hole.
2. A pipe dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving temporarily. See also Casing
Interior finish wall placed in contact with or separated from the slurry wall.
Loss of strength occurring in saturated, fine-grained cohesionless soil when exposed to shock or
vibrations when the soil particles momentarily lose contact due to pore pressure increase. The
material then behaves as a fluid without shear strength. See
The factor used to modify (usually increase) the factored load or factored force.
Testing capacity and relation of load to movement by putting a static load on the bearing
element before actually building upon the foundation. May be performed in axial compression,
axial tension, or horizontally (lateral). ASTM Standard D1143 covers Me
The maximum load that may be safely applied to a foundation unit under expected loading and
soil conditions. Determined as the capacity divided by the factor of safety.
The load actually applied to a foundation unit.
The load actually applied to a foundation unit, and which is not greater than the allowable load.
Applying increments of load to a pile and measuring the resulting movement of the pile. See
Load Test
A curve showing the relation between applied load and measured movement in a static loading
test - also called load-displacement curve.
A mixture of sand, silt and clay, generally with a varying amount of organic material.
Longitudinal or spiral seam in corrugated or other pipe formed by overlapping or folding the
adjacent edges.
A soil transported and deposited by wind action, generally silt, weakly cemented.
The act of raising a pile into the leads to place beneath the hammer. Also called "pitching the
pile."
1. The workman who climbs the lead to position pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman
who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device
controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1. above
Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count
per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Driving Log or Pile Log.
Space left between timber lagging boards. Louvers permit backpacking of voids behind the
boards.
Pile with minimal soil displacement, such as H, open-end pipe or sheet piles. Also called NonDisplacement Pile.
Special concrete mix designed to reduce the peak temperature during hydration of the concrete
mass. Use for mass or thick concrete members such as mat foundation. Flyash is commonly
used as an additive in low heat concrete.
Pumping of low slump grouts (0" to 3") with a limited ability to travel into the ground to fill voids
or compact soil.
A pile testing method by which the pile integrity is confirmed or anomalies such as necking,
bulging or discontinuities are identified. One of the non-destructive methods. Unlike the High
Strain Test, the soil resistance is not mobilized as the test is p
Load and Resistance Factor Design.
See Line Oiler. Lubricator or Oiler also refers to the assistant equipment operator.
Maintained Load Test. Load test accomplished by applying an increasing load in defined
increments and holding each level until such time that the pile top (head) displacement
stabilizes or a specified time period is attained. A force vs displacement cur
An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig.
Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the
use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she
A core that is inserted into a closed-end thin-shell tubular pile for driving; after installation the
mandrel is contracted and withdrawn; (1) Solid or semi-solid mandrel - A heavy tubular section
that will transmit the hammer energy to either the casing
Any below ground man-made object, such as concrete, timber, building rubble, abandoned
utilities, which cannot be easily removed by clamshell bucket or drilling tool.
One of several species of mollusks (Teredo - "Shipworm," Bankia, Pholad) and crustaceans
(Limnoria-tripunctata, quadripunctata, Lignorum) that bore into untreated wood and concrete.
Preservative pressure treatment is effective in protecting wood from the
Cone shaped funnel used to indirectly measure bentonite slurry viscosity by measuring the time
of passage of a quart of slurry through a specified opening size.
A comprehensive field test, principally aimed at determining load bearing criteria for driven pile,
conducted in 1961 by the State of Michigan Highway Department and the United States Bureau
of Public Roads.
Relatively small diameter (typically 4" to 10") cast-in-place replacemnent piles utilizing drilling
and grouting procedures along with high strength materials to obtain high capacity piles,
typically 50T to 150T. In addition to the construction site, trad
Combination of mechanical devices used to mix, store, clean and/or distribute bentonite slurry.
Quotient obtained by dividing the stress per unit area by the change per unit length in the elastic
region of material behaviour. Also called Young's Modulus (when unconstrained laterally).
A spud lead system in which the lead column passes through a slide box at the tip of the crane
boom. The lead column elevation is controlled by the crane auxillary hoist drum cable and a
brace is not normally used, the lead base being set on the ground. T
An open top, longitudinally-fluted tapered steel tube, driven without a mandrel and filled as a
cast-in-place concrete pile.
A steel caisson with sawtooth cutting edge, which is rotated to cut its way through rock.
Loosened material is washed out of the caisson. More powerful motors and pumps, plus high
quality cutting steels have brought a redevelopment of this once popular pr
A principal clay mineral group. A hydrous aluminum silicate characterized by a crystalline
structure of layers or thin sheets. This is the main ingredient of bentonite clay.
A curved or horizontal beam attached to the end of the brace on pile hammer leads which
allows the lead to be moved sideways and held fixed during the driving of side inclination piles
(right angle to the crane boom).
Usually a treated or greenheart wood pile, driven out from a pier or dock to steady marine
vessels from wind and wave action, or to hold a floating dock in position. See also Dolphin, King
Pile.
Distinct geological feature - mound or ridge - of material deposited by glaciation, usually
containing a wide range of particle sizes. See also Glacial Till
Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of the hammer to drive the
pile. See also Motive Fluid Power.
1. A very soft or watery clay. 2. A term used for material removed from an excavation, especially
in tunneling.
Cylindrical tool used for cleaning drilled shafts of muck and water.
Scale device used to measure unit weight, specific gravity or density of slurry.
River bed at interface of water and soil.
A thin cover of crushed stone or concrete placed over a muddy area below the planned structure
to provide a work platform and keep reinforcing clean.
1. An earth diaphragm or impervious cut-off-wall in a dam. 2. The wall above the beam seats of
a bridge abutment, designed to support the approach slab and retain the earth behind the
abutment.
Helical anchor with more than one helix welded to the same shaft or lead.
The number of blows required to drive a 2 in. O.D., 1 3/8 in. I.D., 24 in long, split soil sampling
spoon one foot with a 140 lb. Weight freely falling 30 in. The count is recorded for each of three
six-inch increments. The sum of the second and third i
Reduction in area of cast-in-place concrete in a pile, either uncased or thin-cased, due to soil
pressure or improper method of installation.
A structural beam inserted through a hole in a wall to support the wall during underpinning,
jacking or excavating operations beneath it. The beam transfers the wall load to a temporary or
a newly installed foundation.
A pressure gauge with a needle stem for measuring air or steam pressure in pressure hose, by
puncturing the wall of the hose with the needle stem.
Very small diameter, slender, driven steel tubular or rail section piles used in underpinning
operations.
Colloquial term for pile driven at an angle towards the crane. See Negative Inclination
Driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the
crane.
Soil resistance acting downward along the side of a deep founation unit, due to an applied uplift
load.
1. Side friction along a pile surface directed downward. 2. Effect of settling soil that grips a pile
by friction and adds a downward weight to the structure load. Also called Downdrag.
Net measured settlement of pile at top after removal of test load. See Settlement
The location where equilibrium exists between the sum of downward acting permanent load
applied to the pile and dragload due to negative skin friction and the sum of upward acting
positive shaft resistance and mobilized toe resistance. The neutral plane
A weldment bracket, typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System, to provide
connection between an installed Helix Screw Pile and the structures surface level foundation
components.
Eurocode term for basic estimated load, as defined by code or statistical analysis, before
application of Load Factor.
Piles formed by boring or other methods of excavation. H, open-end pipe and sheet piles are
considered low-displacement piles.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower
section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported by a template.
Also called Cage, Can Lead, Chuck Lead, Rope Suspended Lead, Pipe Lead.
1. A device for injecting oil into air or steam lines; also called a lubricator. 2. Either a man or
woman who is responsible on a daily basis, for oiling and greasing certain pieces of construction
and mining equipment.
Proprietary name for a type of augered, cast-in-place displacement pile.
A mixture of one 94 lb. bag of cement and 1 cy of sand, typically used as a self compacting
backfill.
A drop-bottom bucket used for excavation. The drop-bottom is divided into a number of sections
that appear to peel back as the bucket opens.
Lengths of pile expected for the project, ordered by either the owner, A/E or contractor from the
supplier
Rock core sample obtained from a boring on which scribes are made while in its in-situ location
in order to determine the in-situ orientation of the rock core. Used to determine the orientation
of dips and joints in the rock
A three to five-inch shaft of hard steel is set into the lower end of an H-pile by slitting the shaft or
cutting the web of the pile for some distance, and then welding the shaft to the H-pile. Utilized to
secure a toe hold in sloping rock. Can also be fi
Axial loading test carried out by applying the load with expendable jack and load cell preinstalled in a cast-in-place bored pile or drilled shaft. Named after its inventor, Jorj Osterberg.
The difference between the actual amount of concrete placed and the neat theoretical volume.
Usually expressed as a percentage.
Extra length of concrete above design cut-off level of pile, usually formed in cast-in-place bored
piles or drilled shafts, and barrettes. See also Over-pour.
The ratio between the preconsolididation pressure and the effective overburden stress.
1. Pile driving that exceeds the maximum warranted hammer blow count or damages the
material comprising the pile. 2. Hitting the pile more than the optimum or required number of
blows per increment of advance. 3. Continuing to drive piling(s) after penetr
See Leads, Extended .
The extra amount of concrete placed in a panel or drilled shaft beyond the theoretical volume, or
above the designed cutoff level.
The difference between the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, and the theoretical
volume of the shaft. See also Grout Factor
Pounds per square inch pressure shown by gage at pressure boiler, air compressor, air hose, or
steam hose.
See Pile Cushion.
Section of a slurry wall that is concreted as a single unit. The panel may be linear, T-shaped, Lshaped, or other plan configuration
Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the head of template supported
sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit
the hammer's operation free-hanging. Also called Fingers, FishA down-hole test to verify depth and to determine the most likely construction material of
unknown foundations below existing structures. Requires a borehole close to the unknown
foundation, and access to the structure immediately above the foundation in
Propietary brace to change pile hammer leads from side to side wIthout use of a hammer
The speed at which the ground particles move or vibrate, measured in mm/s or in/s. The
maximum recorded particle velocity from any one of the three axes of movement for a recorded
vibration event is the Peak Particle Velocity.
A highly organic soil consisting chiefly of fragmented remains of vegetable matter which was
sequentially deposited. Typically has a spongy consistency.
Long handled tool similar to a cant hook but with a steel point at its end and a hinged hook for
turning piles or timbers .
1. The resistance to penetration by driving, expressed in blows per increment of advance of the
pile. 2. The N Value in the Standard Penetration Test
A means of advancing a bore using compressed air- or cable-driven impact tools, or excavating
tools which are repeatedly dropped onto the face or base of the bore.
A factor used to alter (usually reduce) the capacity of a foundation unit, determined by means of
direct test loading, or by in-situ tests such as penetrometer testing.
Permanently frozen ground; very difficult to pentrate with piling, and unstable when disturbed.
Measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a liquid using a logarithmic numerical scale of 0 to 14, set
with 7.0 as neutral, less than 7.0 indicating acidity and greater than 7.0 indicating alkalinity.
Based on the reciprocal of the Hydrogen ion concentrati
1. A structure built perpendicular or oblique to the shoreline of a body of water for mooring ships.
2. A plain, detached mass of masonry,usually serving as a support: i.e. the pier of a bridge. 3. A
deep foundation unit with a large length to diameter ra
A perforated pipe installed in the ground to measure groundwater pressure / head in any desired
stratum. It is typically sealed along its length, open to atmosphere at the top and perforated only
in the desired stratum to allow water inflow from that stra
Plug-like device used to clean out a pipeline. Also used in a tremie pipe to keep concrete
separate from water or slurry at the start of placement. See also Go Devil
A slender deep foundation unit, made of wood, steel, or concrete, or combinations thereof,
which is either pre-manufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting, or screwing, or cast-insitu in a hole formed by driving, excavating, or boring. A pile c
Two or more piles driven in a row transverse to the long dimension of a structure, such as a
bridge foundation, and fastened together by capping and/or bracing.
Colloquial term for a member of a pile crew
See Seawall
Colloquial term for the top of a pile, originally referring to the widest part of of a timber pile or
tree trunk, normally driven with the narrowest part, or tip, down first. See also Pile Head.
A structural member constructed on the tops of piles to transmit and distribute the load of the
structure down to the head of a pile, a row of piles, or a pile group.
1.Pairs of timbers bolted to the sides of the piles in a bent, or steel channels bolted or welded to
H-piles, to tie the piles together and so carry and distribute loads to the piles. 2. A mechanical
device with teeth for gripping piles, used with vibrato
1. A group of piles, standing free as a dolphin or as mooring piles or piles in contact, forming
part of a fender system for the purpose of mooring or breasting off vessels for better control. See
also Dolphin. 2. Group support for column loads
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and
spalling. Also called Cushion, Pad.
The length of pile extending above the cut-off elevation that must be removed.
1. A rig consisting of leads, hoisting apparatus and a pile hammer. 2. A member of the pile crew
See PDA
See Drive Cap
Protective cover for a steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground
line, where all typed of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack
A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke
equipped to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this
principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effective. All e
See Pile Line.
An equation by which the static resistance or the allowable load of a pile may be estimated from
the driving record of the pile. See Dynamic Formula.
The piles and the structural members designed and installed primarily to transmit loads directly
from a superstructure to the soil or rock stratum some distance below the ground surface which
is capable of supporting the load.
See Skid Rig.
A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed arund the pile to maintain
alignment between the pile and the leads
General term for a machine which drives piling by impact or vibration. Power source may be
mechanical, air,steam,diesel or hydraulic.
A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is automatically thrown at both ends of the ram
stroke to produce a regular cycle.
A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is manually thrown at one end of the ram stroke
and automatically thrown at the other end.
The uppermost end of a pile.
See Heave
A material property of a pile. Determined as the product of the Young's modulus (E) and area (A)
of the cross section divided by the wave speed (c) as Z = EA / c.
See Automated Monitoring Equipment.
Means for joining lengths of piles. 1. H-Pile: full penetration butt weld or close-fitting mechanical
device plus welding across flanges and additions. 2. Pipe-Pile: butt weld or driving into tapered
circular sleeve.
A wire rope used to lift a pile and hold it while being placed in the leads; one of the hoisting lines
on a crane, assigned to pile handling. Also called Pile Fall.
See Load Test, Test Pile
See Driving Log
See Taywood Sheet Pile Driver/Extractor
1. The workman who climbs the lead to position the pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman
who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device
controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1 Above.
The depth or subsurface elevation reached by tip of the pile. 2. Embedment of the pile. 3. The
set of the pile
A pointed pile shoe.
See refusal.
See Pile driver.
The portion of the pile between the pile head and the pile toe.
A premanufactured separate reinforcement attached to the bottom end (toe) of a pile to facilitate
driving, to protect the lower end of the pile, and/or to improve the toe resistance of the pile.
A close-fitted device for quickly aligned an additional length of similar or compatible sections of a
pile to increase length. See Spliced Pile, Composite Pile
Bending or curving of a pile, generally as a result of encountering obstructions or hard
conditions during driving.
An increase in the observed resistance to penetration during driving
A prefabricated structure or site-erected frame into which a pile is set and held firmly in position
to permit driving with a free-hanging pile hammer. Usually rectangular in form, to space and
position piles so that they will be specified position relati
The lowermost end of a pile (Use of terms such as pile tip, pile point, or pile end in the same
sense as pile toe is discouraged).
See Blowing
The part of the falling weight in a power pile hammer which is fitted with piston rings. See Ram
An instrument for a pile integrity testing in the field. The test includes: an accelerometer and a
strain gauge (optional). In general, an accelerometer is placed on the top of the pile prior to
testing. The top of the pile is struck axially with a hamm
The distance between the leading and trailing edge of the helix on a Helix pile.
Positioning the pile in the leads for driving. See Lofting
Term applicable to fine-grained cohesive soils ( such as clays) with the ability to flow or be
remolded without raveling or breaking apart. See also Atterberg Limits
Steel plate, provided with numerous steel studs, straps or bars welded to the plate, intended to
be embedded in a wall to provide shear or tensile capacity to a connection to the wall.
Pressure in the water and gas present in the voids between the soil grains, minus the
atmospheric pressure.
The elevation of a groundwater table corresponding to a hydrostatic pore pressure equal to the
actual pore pressure.
Pore pressure in a confined body of water having a level of hydrostatic pressure higher than the
ground surface or above the normal groundwater table.
Pore pressure distribution as in a freestanding column of water.
A prime mover composed of an engine and generator, hydraulic pump, or compressor to provide
electricity, hydraulic power, or air to portable construction equipment, such as a vibratory
driver/extractor or auger.
See Refusal.
1. Boring through obstructions or materials too dense to penetrate with the planned pile type.
This is commonly done for displacment piles in stiff clays where heave may occur. 2. Exploratory
drilling to elevations below utility lines to locate and minimi
Wall constructed by insertion and positioning of precast concrete panels into a self-hardening
slurry.
1. Advance excavation of a general site. 2. Removal by augering of soil that may heave. 3.
Removal of soil by driving and cleaning out an open-end pipe
See Dieseling
See Dieseling
pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section of the works for the
purpose of
establishing the suitability of the chosen type of pile, driving equipment and/or for confirming the
design,
dimensions and bearing capacity
Application of a predetermined load on a brace or anchor support.
A device that can be lowered into a bore hole and expanded to determine the lateral resistance
of the soil
Round or sawn timber used as a pile, which has been pressure impregnated with a chemical
preservative, e.g., creosote, pentachlorophenol, or ammoniacal copper arsenate or chromated
copper arsenate
See Preload.
A precast concrete pile which is prestressed or post-tensioned to reduce or eliminate cracking
caused by the tensile stresses to which piles are subjected during transportation, pile driving,
and in service.
Compressing a concrete member with tensioned cables or bars running through it to achieve
higher strength for less weight, and to counteract handling stresses.
A precast, prestressed concrete pile where the form is spun as the concrete sets. Spinning
results in denser concrete, reduces water cement ratio, and hence increases the concrete
strength and durability of the pile.
A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or rods are tensioned before the
concrete is poured. When the concrete member has cured to specified strength, the tendons are
detached from their anchorages and relieved of their stress. Restrain
A drive cap that requires an adapter for different shapes of piles. It is used only with an adapter
Slurry Wall panel constructed with end forming devices at both ends.
See Indicator Pile
Pile which is part of a specified pile foundation, as opposed to a preliminary test pile.
The number of piles which can be installed in a defined period of time, i.e. piles driven per 8
hour day
Elastic compression of soil during pile driving. A term utilized in wave equation analysis.
A maintained pile load test with time intervals less than 20 minutes between adding load
increments. (reference ASTM D1143).
A condition rather than a type of soil. Generally, a fine granular soil temporarily super-saturated
with rising water and acting as a fluid under pressure. See Liquefaction
Symbol for piling capacity in tons. Example; 2R is a term meaning twice design capacity
See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil
Severe bouncing of the casing of a power pile hammer during driving operations
Usually three recycled railroad rails with edges of their bases welded together and the heads
out, driven as a unit
A pile driver mounted on a crane with railroad undercarriage for convenient transportation on the
rails and operation on track.
Sloping brace, which provides lateral support by transferring forces against a footing or other
structural element within the excavation.
See Inclined Pile.
See Inclined Pile.
The moving or driving part of an air, steam, diesel or drop pile hammer which delivers an impact
blow to an anvil and to the pile. Also called Piston if fitted with piston rings.
The part of the ram that comes closest to the impact surface of the pile. Sometimes a separate
unit of the ram
A pile serving as a guide for locating piles or other structures, or for marine surveying or
dredging.
See Wale
The specified operation speed for a pile hammer in blows per minute
Trade name for a spirally corrugated light gauge shell made in 4 to 16 ft. sections of increasing
diameter to form a step-tapered pile.
Reverse Circulation Drilling
See Anchor Pile
A tool attached to the drilling bucket or auger to cut or enlarge the bell at the base of a drilled
shaft or caisson.
See Cage
1. Amount of upward movement of the head of a pile following a blow from the hammer, by
reason of the elastic properties of the pile as well as of the soils into which it is driven. Also
called Temporary Compression. 2. The upward movement of the head of
The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible
penetration per blow (as when the point of the pile reaches an impenetrable bottom such as
rock), or when the effective energy of the hammer blow is no longer suffic
A tube with injection ports installed in a tieback, tiedown or a minipile, and used for secondary
grouting.
Soil formed in situ by rock decay and left as a residue after the leaching out of more soluble
products.
The sum total of all the forces that oppose the penetration of a pile under a hammer blow or a
static force.
The factor used for decreasing a soil resistance; See Factored resistance.
A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated factored resistance of a foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized in shear along the shaft of a pile or
foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized at the toe of a pile or foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit; See Capacity.
Driving (striking) a previously driven pile with the same hammer to observe increase (setting) or
decrease (relaxation) in pile support capacity.
A structure constructed to withstand the lateral pressure of earth behind it and its own weight
imposed on the soil beneath it.
1. A counter-flow method of circulation drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct
circulation method drilling fluid pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to
the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and
Hollow stem chisel with provision to draw bentonite slurry and drill cuttings up the stem during
drilling.
A means of stabilizing a bore by maintaining a head of water in the bore above the level of the
surrounding water table
See Drive Cap
See Pile Driver
Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion
A natural aggregate of minerals that cannot readily be broken by hand. The ultimate soils
material upon which to base a foundation. The compressive strength of good stone is greatly in
excess of that of masonry. Limestones may be subject to caving as a re
High Tensile bars or cables grouted into holes drilled into rock. See Appendix C
Pile toe protection point specifically designed to develop a toe hold on rock, or to improve
penetration into boulder infested soils.
A measure of the degree of fracturing in rock cores defined as the ratio of the accumulated
lengths (minimum 100 mm) of sound rock over the total core length.
A special type of pile shoe.
That portion of the pile bore which penetrates into a hard formation beneath less competent
overburden. See Drilled-in-Caisson
1. A channel with flanges down attached to the top of a square pile or timber to serve as a
bearing plate for the pile cap and to which one or more angles may be attached for retaining the
pile cap. 2. A frame that locks the hammer in the leads
A load less than that which would cause objectional settlement, with a factor of safety as
necessary to provide for variations in material, workmanship and loading. The safe load for a
group of friction piles may be less than the sum of the safe loads for
A factor modifying (reducing) overall capacity or strength as used in working stress design.
(Usually having upper case symbol "F". Lower case symbols, "f", are used for factors in ultimate
limit states design). The safety factor is defined as a ratio of
The margin (dimensional) between mobilized resistance, applied load, or actual value, and
maximum available resistance or acceptable value, e.g., the margin between the mobilized
shear stress and the shear strength, or the margin between calculated settle
A coarse grass growing in salt marsh areas; used for rough caulking of breast boarding and
around cofferdams.
The category of coarse-grained soil whose particles sizes range between about 0.07 mm and
5mm in diameter
A horizontal member securing the piles in a bent.
Calibrated device used to measure percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry.
Percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry or drilling fluid. See Sand Cone.
Vertical sand columns installed to speed drainage and rapid consolidation of marshy land. Also
called Sand Pile and Sand Wick.
Trade name for a device for remote measuring of the stroke of an open-end diesel hammer
Southern Building Code.
The specific identification of what, to what standards, and where activity is to be accomplished to
fulfill an agreement to perform a task and be compensated for said performance to complete a
project.
To erode soils such as from a river bank or around and under a pier by the circular orbits or fast
flow of water
A work constructed along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls
supplemented with treated timber, steel or reinforcing concrete sheet piling driven into the beach
and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as
Soil particles deposited at the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts.
Small quantity of water percolating through a soil deposit or soil structure such as an earth dam.
The quantity of subsurface water leaking into a cofferdam or a building's underground
( basement) area.
The method of determining subsurface soil and rock conditions (without excavation) by inducing
a shock wave into the earth and measuring the velocity of the wave's travel through the earth
material. This seismic velocity indicates the types of material it
Instrument used to measure and record the motion of vibrating earth, typically consisting of
three sensors on mutually perpendicular axes. Used to establish compliance and evaluate
vibration impact. See also Seismometer.
A device for monitoring the direction and intensity of vibration of ground or structures.
Concrete that achieves adequate compaction by its self-weight and the placement procedure
without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is used for cast-in-place bored piles or drilled
shafts, barrettes, and diaphragm walls where vibration of concret
Concrete that achieves proper consolidation by its self-weight without requiring vibration. This
type of concrete is typically used for flatwork, but is beginning to be used in deep foundations.
The high fluidity of self-consolidating concrete makes the t
1. The net penetration of a pile into the ground per blow or specific series of blows of a pile
hammer. 2. The final penetration of a pile or final set, expressed in inches or millimeters per
blow.
The downward movement of a foundation unit or soil layer due to rapidly or slowly occuring
compression of the soils located below the foundation unit or soil layer, when the compression is
caused by an increase of effective stress due to an applied load o
U-shaped drop-forged cast steel fitting with locking pin for attaching cable or chain lifting device
to a load.
Pressurized injection of cement-based grout along portion of a pile shaft to improve condition or
capacity. Mainly applied to wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts constructed under
bentonite slurry
The resistance mobilized on the shaft (side) of a deep foundation. Upward acting resistance is
called positive shaft resistance. Downward acting is called negative shaft resistance (See also
negative skin friction).
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile shaft because of an applied uplift load.
Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft because of an applied compressive load.
A foundation unit that provides support for a building by transferring loads to soil or rock located
close to the lowest part of the building.
The ability of a soil to resist shearing stresses developed within a soil mass as a result of
loading imposed onto the soil
See Head Block
A pile that may form one of a continuous line or row of timber, precast concrete, or steel piles
driven interlocked to provide a tight wall to exclude or resist the lateral pressure of water,
adjacent earth, or other materials.
Colloquial term for inclination of a pile left or right from the boom direction
A part of a pile hammer fitted to the sides of the hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads
to hold the mammer in the leads. Also called Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws Ways,
Side Guides.
A lubricator containing a view of the oil flow, which is installed in the fluid line to supply oil to
lubricate a pile hammer. See Oiler.
Sheet pile installed by pressing (hydraulic action is commonly used) rather than vibration to
avoid damage to adjacent structures.
A fine residual soil or alluvial sediment of mud or fine soil deposited from running or standing
water. Feels velvety, smooth and floury between the fingers. Silt particles range in size from
0.002 to 0.074 mm.
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile as a result of movement of the soil along the pile
and inducing compression in the pile.
Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft caused by swelling of the soil that induces
tension in the pile.
An extension fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the leads of template supported
timber, pipe, concrete or H-pile to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment
with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation free hanging.
Crumbling and disintegration of earth material when exposed to air and moisture.
A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes on the sleeve. An inside sleeve
decreases the I.D. at the splice while maintaining the pipe O.D.
A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes into a force-fit sleeve. An outside
sleeve increases the O.D.
A pile driven into the earth to consolidate the soil and help to prevent it from sliding down a
slope.
Small hole cut in a pile for attachment of a shackle for handling.
A viscous liquid (normally a bituminous coating) applied to the pile surface. It is expected to
shear under the downward force of settling soil and minimize additional load from downdrag.
See Negative Skin Friction.
Pipe device installed vertically in the wall or adjacent ground used to guide a slope-measuring
device (inclinometer), which measures wall or ground movement.
A maintained pile load test with time intervals greater than 20 minutes. See MLT.
Serviceablity Limit States.
Fine sedimental soil material still consolidating in underwater conditions.
A measure of workability (consistency) of fresh concrete - ASTM C143/C143M-05a Standard
Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. It is performed with a truncated cone 12
in. high, 4 in. diameter at the top and 8 in. diameter at the bottom, fill
A mixture of water and clay (bentonite or mineral clay) or polymer in colloidal suspension. Used
in excavated shafts or walls to suspend particles for removal while balancing soil pressure
against sloughing.
Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid to stabilize the
excavation. Concrete is placed from the bottom up, displacing the slurry as the concrete surface
rises within the excavation. Also referred to as the Wet-proce
Individual trained and experienced in the mixing, cleaning and use of drilling slurries as well as
all operations necessary to properly construct a slurry wall or cutoff wall.
An excavation filled with bentonite slurry. Also, a trench backfilled with blended impervious
soils or cement bentonite. Also, called a Slurry Wall.
An underground wall constructed by mechanical excavating techniques using bentonite slurry to
maintain trench wall stability. Wall may be used as an underground water barrier (see Cutoff
Wall) by filling with impervious materials such as concrete or mixt
See Slurry Trench Wall.
Soil which, when saturated, or near saturated, and subjected to a shearing force, will lose all or
part of its strength. The dominant grain size fraction in this soil is usually medium and coarse
silt. Soak-sensitive soil is frost-susceptible soil and,
Embedment of a wall or foundation into a bearing and/or impervious strata.
See Drilled-in-Caisson.
The portion of the earth's crust which is fragmentory, or such that some individual particles of a
dried sample can be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles,
gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter.
A high-strength steel tendon installed in the earth with anchoring provision in soil that will resist
movement and prestressed against a wall by an anchoring device. See Appendix C.
A small diameter hole drilled into the soil for the purposes of obtaining earth samples and
exploring the subsurface conditions.
The complete record of what was found from drilling one soil exploration hole.
A ground improvement technique in which soil is mixed in place with augers while cement is
added.
A drilled and grouted steel element advanced into the ground to reinforce and stabilize a soil
mass.
An earth retention system utilizing soil nails and a structural facing, typically shortcrete, to create
a stable soil mass having a vertical or near vertical exposed face.
A soil stabilization method that involves installing closely spaced Soil Nails in the soil/rock face
to increase its overall shear strength.
A steel H or WF section driven (or placed in drilled hole) normally vertical, at intervals of several
feet to hold horizontal lagging, which is installed to retain soil as excavation proceeds. Also
called Soldier Beam.
A machine designed to drive piles using high frequency vibrations in the lower sonic range that
cause the pile to resonate.
See cross-hole sonic logging
Old term for density of material divided by density of water. See Solid density.
Project-specific requirements indicating applicable codes, standards, and guidelines. Normally,
Performance Specifications stipulate the end-results without detailing how to achieve them,
whereas Compliance Specifications detail mandatory methods, materi
See Brace.
A small wooden peg, hence a spile or pile.
Strip steel or plate turned into an open pipe with the longitudinal (spiral) joint welded into a tight
seam.
The joint of two pile segments.
A pile composed of two or more segments of equal or different sections secured end to end, to
form one pile. See Composite Pile.
See Brace.
An enlarged foundation under a column or load to reduce the total bearing stress per square
foot to carry the load directly upon the soil or rock.
See Brace.
A fender so built that impact is taken up in part by steel springs, plates or rubber, or by elastic
bending of the stucture.
Standard Penetration Test. See N Value.
1. A short, strong member, driven and then removed, to break through a hard crust of material or
to make a hole for inserting a pile which is too long for placing directly in the driver lead. 2. A
moveable vertical pipe or H-section placed through a stron
Devices bolted to a pile hammer to engage it with and permit it to slide along a spud lead.
Sometimes called gib.
A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon
one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called H-beam
Lead, Monkey Stick, or Pony Lead. See Sketches, Appendix B.
The act of opening a hole through dense material by dropping or driving a spud.
Tubular precast reinforced concrete pile, hollow and open-ended. Commonly installed by driving
with diesel hammer
See Groin.
See Inclined Pile.
Fabricated steel points fastened to the very bottom of swinging box(U) leads, or H-beam leads.
The surveying act of putting stakes in the ground where the piles are to be driven.
Prefabricated steel or concrete columns pre-installed in bored piles or drilled shafts to be used
as support for Top-Down construction of below-grade structures.
See N Value.
Testing axial compression capacity of a pile by applying load. Movement of the pile is measured
during testing. ASTM D1143. See also Load Test.
Proprietary name for a method of load testing a pile in which load is applied to the pile through a
pressure chamber by burning solid fuel. Unloading occurs by controlled venting of pressure.
Calibrated to provide equivalent static load-deflection plot.
Usually two horizontal timbers placed on opposite sides of a row of piles and drawn together by
bolts to pull the piles into line.
See Brace.
Coarse crushed stone or gravel injected into poor bearing soil by jetting and vibro-displacement
to improve carrying capacity. See Vibroflotation.
See End Pipe.
An excavation made into the ground in a series of steps or benches.
Plates fastened between flanges of an H, or other steel pile at right angles to the vertical axis,
for the purpose of increasing the pile's bearing area. See Lagged Pile.
See Banding.
The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to the north. See
also Dip.
See Anvil.
A cord used as a guide for straightness.
A member at right angles to, and resting on or clamped to pile caps, forming a support for the
superstructure.
1. A compression member extended horizontally form bent to bent, or pile to pile in a bent, and
serving as a stiffening member. 2. A compression member extending from waler to support
point which may be another waler or the ground. 3. See Brace.
Small excavation or pit provided in a low point of construction to serve as a collection basin for
surface water and near surface underground water.
Usually a self-priming centrifugal type pump capable of handling water with high mud content.
A surface loading that is additional to the soil load behind a retaining wall.
See illustration #6
See Settlement Point
The professional responsible for determining and locating in the field the horizontal and vertical
coordinates for the project, as defined by the design engineer.
A thin wall pipe pile with bottom closed by a slightly tapered precast point. Driving is done by a
mandrel on the point, dragging the pile down-with an assist from a shoulder on the exact length
mandrel. See Caudill Drive Point Pile. Also called core d
See Leads, Swinging.
See Lead, Cardonic.
See Tube Manchette.
1. Term used to describe small weld used for temporary purpose. 2. Phrase used to describe
the act of hitting sheet piles down with haripin so they will have some penetration into the
ground to stabilize the wall as used in "tack the sheets."
A wall formed by a series of contiguous (tangent) concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in
place and generally reinforced with a steel core.
Pile with a taper.
A proprietary name for tapered steel piles, usually having twelve(12) sides and fitted with a cast
steel driving point. The pile is filled with concrete after installation. This pile is designed to carry
heavy loads in friction in poor soils and is top dr
See Caisson Hammer.
A heavy device with hydraulic rams attached to several individual sheet piles; rams are operated
separately to push or pull a sheet while others furnish reaction.
A structure which holds a pile hammer in box leads that are wider than the hammer, and permits
extended driving by carrying the hammer beyond the bottom of the leads. Also called Hairpin,
Pony Leads.
Metal rod used to measure vertical movement of test pile at pre-specified depth in comparison
with movement of pile head at different applied loadings.
Shoring system used primarily to provide soil and water retention during construction, and not
utilized in the permanent construction.
Part of a tieback or a tiedown consisting of prestressing steel, anchorage, corrosion protection,
sheathing and coating (if required), spacers and centralizers
The head of a timber pile after being cut or shouldered to accommodate splicer or other devices.
1. A pile driven to ascertain driving conditions and probable required lengths. 2. A pile on which
a static or dynamic load test also may be made to determine its capacity and the carrying
capacity of the soils. 3. A pile driven as a guide for efficie
A method of examining soil by excavating a pit to permit direct examination of the materials in
place and its degree of compaction, as well as permit test loads directly on what will be the
foundation soils.
Corrugated shell or thin pipe, concrete filled, driven with aid of mandrel. See Swage Pile,
Helical Shell.
The property exhibited by a slurry that gels when undisturbed and returns to a viscous fluid
when stirred or agitated.
See Lace.
A quick-acting valve mounted in the motive fluid line used to control the flow of fluid to a
steam/air pile hammer.
1) A rod or cable grouted or fixed to an in-ground anchor to resist soil or other pressure on walls
or structures. See Anchor Pile. 2) A system consisting of a Helical Screw Anchor, screw anchor
extension shafts and a tieback plate used to resist soil o
Device cast into the wall intended to permit the installation of a tieback through the wall and the
transfer of the tieback load to the wall. Also, called tieback sleeve.
A type of Tieback installed vertically to resist upward forces
Dense heterogeneous mixture of fine-grained and coarse-grained material of glacial origin and
compaction. It often contains significant quantities of boulders and cobbles. See Glacial Till and
Hardpan.
Instrument used to measure inclination of a structure. Typically used to monitor sensitive
structures adjacent to excavation and construction sites.
A cut tree, usually debarked, and pressure treated with creosote or other preservative, usually
driven small end down. Probably the earliest form of pile.
Also called "base-grouting". Injection of cement-based grout at pile toe to improve condition or
bearing capacity. Commonly applied for wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts in Europe
and Asia.
Soil resistance acting against the pile toe.
Allowed variation from the design location of a foundation element or pile.
See Anvil.
See Head Block.
See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil
See Anvil.
Method of constructing a structure from grade downward, constructing the roof and/or floor slabs
of the structure in stages with excavation proceeding below the slabs. Typically a diaphragm wall
or contiguous pile wall earth-retaining structure and stanch
Rotational energy delivered by rotary type, hydraulic power driven torque motor used to screw
helical anchorages/foundations into soil.
The empirical relationship between rotational energy used to install a helical
anchorage/foundation and its axial load capacity. The higher the installation torque, the higher
the axial capacity of the installed helical anchorage/foundation.
An analysis using undrained soil parameters, and not separating the influence of pore water
pressure.
A proprietary precast concrete-tip pile with thin-shell shaft, driven with the aid of a mandrel.
A structure constructed along a river of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, with or without a
surmounting masonry wall, timber, close timber piling, wood sheet piling, steel sheet piling or
reinforced concrete to direct the flow of the river into a more fav
The energy transferred to the pile head and determined as the integral over time of the product
of force, velocity, and pile impedance.
1. Placing concrete below water or slurry level through a pipe, the lower end of which is kept
immersed in fresh concrete so that the rising concrete from the bottom displaces the water or
slurry without washing out cement content. 2. The hopper and drop
Concrete placed by the tremie method.
Device placed in a tremie pipe, intended to minimize mixing of the concrete and slurry or water
at the start of the concrete placement operation. See also Go-Devil, Rabbit
A type of drill bit that has three conical rollers equipped with rock-cutting teeth. Also called a
Rock Roller bit
1. A block in the leads of a drop hammer causing the release of the weight at a predetermined
height. 2. Mechanical device used in diesel hammer to both pick up the hammer and to start
the hammer. Also called Trip Block or Tripping Device.
Pile hammer lead fabricated with four main chords in a generally rectangular shape with the
chords being connected by diagonal bracing. May have internal diagonals to form a tetrahedral
design. The pile hammer is mounted in front of and rides on two of
Title of computer wave equation program standing for Texas Transportation Institute, developed
at Texas A & M University for the Federal Highway Administration.
A steel pipe pile.
Pipe with flexible rubber sleeves that cover pre-drilled holes in a pipe at specific intervals.
Pressurized grouting through a packer forces grout through the holes past the flexible rubber
sleeves into the ground outside for the purposes of strengthening
1. The maximum load which a single pile will support. 2. The load at which unacceptable
movement of the pile begins to occur.
The maximum load, computed as a total load or as a load per pile, which the foundation will
support without unacceptable movement. See Safe Load.
See ULS
The velocity of an ultrasonic pulse through concrete or grout is a function of the modulus and
density of the material. UPV is therefore a useful guide to quality and uniformity, and can be
used to identify anomalous zones in a deep foundation shaft. The
Also called "dynamic force" and "rated driving force". See Illustration #9
A column of concrete placed and left in the ground without encasement. See Augered Pile.
Piles, piers, walls, sheet piling, or other supports added to or replacing foundations under an
existing structure to preserve the integrity of the structure or increase its load capacity.
Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its
bearing area. Also called a Bell.
Driving a pile underwater by operating the hammer under water. Provisions must be made for
hammer exhaust to the atmosphere for both steam or compressed air powered pile hammers.
A soil classification system based on grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity index of the
soil.
The weight per unit volume of a material such as soil, water, concrete, etc. Typically expressed
as pounds per cubic foot, grams per cubic centimeter, or kilograms per cubic meter.
Use of the top-down method to excavate the basement while simultaneously constructing the
superstructure.
The resistance of piles to pulling out of the ground. The ability of a pile to resist uplift and
overturn forces due to wind and hydrostatic pressure. See Anchor Pile.
A four-bladed vane is forced into undisturbed soil ahead of sampling tube and rotated so the soil
shears. Peak and remolded shearing resistance is recorded.
A pile driving and extracting machine which is mechanically connected to a pile and drives or
extracts the pile by oscillating it through the soil. Power source may be either electric or
hydraulic. See Illustration #4 & 5.
See Vibratory Driver/Extractors
Ground improvement method in which loose granular soil at depth is densified by the vibrations
generated by a vibratory probe inserted into the ground.
Qualitative term to rate the predicted ease or difficulty of vibrating a pile into place, considering
the soil conditions and vibrator type. Used to differentiate from "driveability". See illustration #14,
Appendix B.
Trade name for a means of densifying non-cohesive soils by deep vibration coupled with air or
waterjetting. A Vibroflot is the instrument used, with an internal motor driving eccentric weights.
The total volume occupied by a soil mass includes the soil particles plus void spaces (which in
nature always exist between the particles because of their irregular shape). The void ratio is the
ratio of the void space volume to the volume of soil solids
Timber sheet piles consisting of three planks bolted or spiked together, with the middle plank
offset so as to form a tongue along one edge and a corresponding groove on the other. See
Sheet Pile.
1. A horizontal structural member placed along a line of piles or support system to accept the
load from the piles or sheets and transmit it to struts, shoring or other bracing. 2. A rubbing strip
or fender on the face of docks.
The ratio of the quantity (by weight) of water in a given volume of soil mass to the weight of the
soil solids, typically expressed as a percentage.
See Jetting.
The subsurface elevation at which water will usually be present. Also called Groundwater.
The ratio of the weight of mix water to the weight of cementitious elements (cement and fly ash).
Wall exhibiting a surface free of running water. Patches of moisture or beads of water, [like
beads of sweat] may be evident, but free flowing water is not present throughout the wall
surface.
A mathematical equation that describes the mechanics of force transmission along an elastic
rod (pile) that has been subjected to a mass having a specific initial velocity from which the
energy transmission and stress at any point along a pile being drive
Title of computer program standing for Wave Equation Analysis of Piles. Developed by GRL for
the Federal Highway Administration. Also called GRLWEAP.
The perforated bottom end section of a well pipe which permits the groundwater to be drawn
into the pipe for collection and disposal or use.
Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid. Prepared slurry such
as Bentonite, or polymer or unprepared slurry such as water is commonly used as supporting
fluid during drilling to stabilize the borehole. Also known as
The World Federation of Engineering Organisations established with the support of UNESCO. It
has eighty national engineering institutions as its members, who meet together every two years
in the General Assembly of the supreme governing body.
The generic term for a landing place or platform built at the edge or out into water for the
berthing of vessels.
Prefabricated vertical drain installed into the ground for the purpose of speeding up
consolidation of fine-grained soils. The wick drain attached to a small anchor plate is installed
with the assistance of a tubular mandrel. The mandrel is installed by v
Rolled structural steel section in an H shape but with greater depth than flange width, and
flanges thicker than the web. See Steel H-Pile.
Short length or strips of steel welded near the toe of a steel H-pile to increase its bearing
capacity.
A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which a slurry of stabilising reagent is injected to the
desired depth of stabilisation through the stem of a hollow auger shaft either during penetration
or withdrawal. This process can form a single column or group
Flow characteristics of concrete. Important property of concrete for bored piles or drilled shafts,
barrettes and diaphragm walls if concrete placement is by tremie method or pumping. The
slump test is most commonly used to assess workability.
FRENCH
GERMAN
essai de rception
Abnahmeprfung
SPANISH
Bohrpfahl
pousse des terres
aktiver Erddruck
adaptateur
Verbindungsstck
adaptador
adjuvant
Zusatzmittel
aditivo
adhrence
Adhsion
adhesin
Beimischung, Zusatz
material adicinal
eau adsorbe
adsorbiertes Wasser
agua adsorbida
loess
loes
Zuschlagstoff
Luft
arido, agregado
aire
cadre triangulaire
inclinaison arrire
granulat (agrgat)
air
entranement d'air
Luftporenzusatz
Druckluftschlauch,
Ansaugschlauch
extraction/lvateur air
comprim
sas air
zulssige Tragfhigkeit
Pfahltragfhigkeit
capacidad admisible de
un pilote
alluvions
tirant d'ancrage
Alluvium
Anker
aluvin
tte d'ancrage
Ankerkopf
poids mort
Erdanker
muerto
Ankerwand
muro de anclaje
Verankerung, Verankern,
Ankerplatte
palplanche ancree
verankerte Spundwand
tablestaca anclada
ferrure angulaire
natrlicher
Bschungswinkel
Anode
enclume
Rechnerische freie
Stahllnge
contrainte appliquee
auftretende Spannung
tensin aplicada
Dichtungsschrze
pantalla, cortina
couche impermable
wasserundurchlssige
Schicht
acuicluso
effet de voute
Gewlbewirkung
efecto de arco
pression artsienne
artesischer Druck
presin artesiana
pression au repos
Erdruhedruck
empuje en reposo
limites d'Atterberg
Zustandsgrenzen nach
Atterberg
lmites de Atterberg
mche, tarire
Erdbohrer
barrena de gusanillo
forage la tarire
Erdbohrung,
Aufschlubohrung
Schneckenbohrpfahl
pieu extrud
Bohrpfahl
Equipement de commande
automatique
remblai
Hinterfllung, Verfllung
relleno
pelle rtrocaveuse
ziehend arbeitender
Lffelbagger
retroexcavadora
Schlammbchse,
Kiespumpe
cuchara de sondeo
bague d'appui
tube sdiment, curette
structure de bande
barrette
Schlitzwandelement
Grundbruch
corrimiento profundo
fondation
Keller
cimentacin, stano
pieu inclin
poultre
capacit portante, portance
Schrgpfahl
Balken
Tragfhigkeit
pilote inclinado
viga, vigueta
capacidad de
sustentacin
pieu porteur
Tragpfahl, Druckpfahl
pilote de compresin
surface de fatigue/de
roulement
cloison portante
fond rocheux, assise
rocheuse
cloche
Felsuntergrund
roca firme
flexion
moment flchissant
bentonite
aufgeweiteter
Injektionsanker
Bohrpfahl mit
Fuaufweiterung
Biegung
Biegemoment
Bentonit
flexin
momento flector
bentonita
berme
Bschung, Berme
berma
faire sauter
sprengen
volar
ressuage
Absetzma
ressuage/sgrgation
garnissage
Aussparung, verkeilen
bloqueo
Rammschlge pro
Lngeneinheit
Schlagzhler
pantano
sable en boulance
hydraulischer Grundbruch
fenmeno de arenas
vivas
Bolzen
perno
contrainte d'adhrence
Verbundfestigkeit
resistencia de adherencia
capot/abat-vent
bme, drome
Ausleger, Trgergurt
forage, sondage
Bohrung, Bohrloch
sondeo
pieu for
Bohrpfahl
pilote perforado
diamtre de sondage
Bohrlochdurchmesser
bollard
boulon
adhrence du bton
longueur engage
1- Forage
2Sondage/carottage
matriaux d'excavation
Entnahmefllmaterial
material de prstamo
Sohlenhebung, Sohlauftrieb
gros bloc
argile de moraine blocs
Felsblock, Gerllstein,
Findling
Geschiebemergel,
Mergellehm
bolo
arcilla glacial con bolos
aussteifen, Steife
riostra
fouille taye
ausgesteifte Baugrube
excavacin entibada
Aussteifung
arriostramiento
charge de rupture
parapet/mur
d'appui/paulement
Bruchspannung
Brstung, Sttzmauer
tensin de rotura
flambement
Knicken
pandeo
btiment
Gebude, Bauwerk
edificio
rglement de construction
Bauvorschriften
cdigo de la construccin
chantier
Baustelle
bulbe de constraintes
Spannungskonzentration,
"Druckzwiebel"
bulbo de tensiones
crevage de piliers
injection de comblement
Hohlraumverfllung
rideau de palplanches
Verbau, Schott,
Bschungsmauer
bulldozer
sous-pression
Auftrieb, Schwimmkraft
subpresin, empuje
peso especfico
sumergido
gros bout
Pfahlkopf
soutenir, arc-bouter
Strebepfeiler, Sttzpfeiler,
Bogenpfeiler, absttzen
apuntalar
armature
Bewehrungskorb
armadura
caisson
Senkkasten
cajn
ataguia de pared
calibrer, talonner
Eichung, Kalibrierung
tarar
encorbellement
Auskragung Kragarm
valadizo
rideau de palplanches en
porte faux
grappin
Bloc de garniture
matriaux d'amortissement
Bloc de garniture
capillarite
Kapillaritt
capilaridad
Przidenzfall, Vorbild,
Fallbeschreibung
caso registrado
verrohrtes Bohrloch
sondeo entibado
tubage
Verrohrung
Verrohrung, Futterrohr
Ortbetonschlitzwand
pieu moul
Ortbetonpfahl
cathode
Protection cathodique
Kathode
ctodo
cavit
centimtre cube
Hohlraum
cavidad
tubo de entibacin
batardeau cellulaire
Zellenfangedamm
ataguia celular
coulis de ciment
Zementsuspension,
Zementmrtel
lechada de cemento
centreur
Zentrierer
centrifugeuse
Zentrifuge
centrifugadora
chambre
Kammer, Kaverne
caverna
rsistance interne
caractristique du tirant
Charakteristischer Innerer
Ankerwiderstand
charges (explosifs)
injection chimique
chemische Injektion
inyeccin qumica
proprits chimiques
chemische
Zusammensetzung
propiedades qumicas
Meiel
cincel, puntero
Fallmeiel
trpano
bague d'appui
fleuret, burin
cale
trpan biseau
Guide de mandrin
foret percussion/foreuse
cble
Greifer
cuchara bivalva
Ton
arcilla
coupeuse d'argile
clavette/liteau
reprsentant technique du
client
Technischer
Bauherrnvertreter
suelo de granulometra
uniforme
grains grossiers
grains grossiers
grobkrnig
grobkrnig
de grano grueso
de grano grueso
caillou/gallet
Feldstein, Rollkiesel
canto rodado
coeficiente de empuje de
tierras
batardeau
ataguia
Fangedamm
cohsion
Kohsion
cohesin
non cohrent
no coherente,
incoherente
collides
Kolloid
coloides
poteau
columna
compacter
dichtgelagert; verdichten
apisonar
compatibilit
pieu en bton compact
Verdichtbarkeit
compactibilidad
compactage
injection solide
Verdichtungsinjektion
(Kompaktionsinjektion)
pilotes de compactacin
pieux mixtes
Verbundpfahl
pilotes compuestos
air comprim
Druckluft
aire comprimido
compression
Druck
compresin
pieu en compression
Druckpfahl
onde de compression
Druckwelle
onda de compresin
compresseur
Kompressor
compresor
charge concentree
konzentrierte Last,
Einzellast
Stahlbeton
carga concentrada
revtement en bton
pieu en bton
coulage du bton
tube plongeur
Betonpfahl
Betonierung
Betonierrohr
pilote de hormign
hormigonado
pntromtre cne
Kegeldruckmegert
penetrmetro de cono
Druckversuch mit
ensayo de compresin
verhinderter Querdehnung
conglomrat
Konglomerat
bton (arm)
hormign armado,
concreto armado
dosage du bton
consolider
setzen, verdichten
consolidation
vitesse de charge constante gleichmssige
Laststeigerung
essai de chargement
vitesse de' enforcement
constante
weggesteuerte
Probebelastung
injection de contact
Kontaktinjecktion
pression de contact
Berhrungsdruck,
Sohlpressung
conglomerado
consolidar
progresin uniforme de la
carga
presin de contacto
conteneur, cadre
Behlter
Schneckenbohrpfahl
contenedor
joint de retrait
entrepreneur
tir contrl
Unternehmer
gerichtete Sprengung
contratista
voladura controlada
transporteur
Frderband, Frderer
transportador
carotte de sondage
Kern, Bohrkern
testigo
pieu de sondage
gekernter Pfahl
coupleur
couverture
Koppelelement
Betondeckung
recubrimiento
fissure, crevasse
berceau, marteau
Ri
fisura
kriechen
Grenzkriechma
reptar
pilotes de madera
creosotada
Krippenwand, Wand
(Holzsenkkasten)
Kritische Kriechkraft
muro jaula
Schotter, gebrochenes
Material
piedra machacada
Dichtungsschrze
pantalla impermeable,
-lateral
quipe de montage
cabane/hutte
mur gabionn
traction critique de fluage
traverse/crosse
barrette cruciforme
pierre broye, roc-
mur suspendu
almohadillado
blocs amortisseurs/de
garniture
almohadillado
tranche, dblai
Einschnitt
trinchera
Dichtungswand,
Abschluwand
rastrillo impermeable
emporte - pice/bague
coupante
Schneidering
anillo cortante
cylindre
Zylinder
cilindro
barrage
Talsperre, Staudamm
presa
dcoupage/dcolletage
cyclone
Facteur d'amortissement
traction de rfrence
Vorbelastung
poids mort
poids mort
Eigengewicht
Erdanker
peso propio
muerto
temps de descente
roche dcompose
zersetztes Gestein
roca descompuesta
dcompression
dcroissement par tranches
Druckentlastung
descompresin
foundation profonde
Tiefgrndung
cimentacin profunda
flche/dviation
Durchbiegung
flecha, desplazamiento
dformation
Verformung
deformacin
degr de compactage
Verdichtungsgrad
grado de apisonado
degr de saturation
Sttigungsgrad
grado de saturacin
retard
Verzgerung
atraso
poids volumtrique
Dichte
densidad
poids volumtrique
Dichte
densidad
dpt
profondeur de stabilit
Ablagerung
depsito
profondeur de la fondation
Grndungstiefe
profondeur de fiche
Eindringtiefe
profundidad de
cimentacin
profundidad de
penetracin
dsableur
installation de dsablage
dessiccation
dessiccation
Austrocknung
Austrocknung
desecacin
desecacin
conception, projet
Bemessung, Entwurf,
Konstruktion
diseo
charge de projet
Belastungsannahme
carga de proyecto
dtails
Einzelheiten, Detaile
planos de detalle
dtrioration
dtonation
Zerfall
Sprengung
deterioro
detonacin
Vorrichtung
Wasserhaltung,
Entwsserung
aparato
agotamiento
Scheibe, Abschluwand,
flexible Dichtung
diafragma, pantalla
variation
appareil
puisement/asschement
cran/diaphragme
rideau souterrain
marteau diesel
tassement diffrentiel
Setzungsdifferenz,
ungleichmiges Setzen
asiento diferencial
inclinaison
einfallen, steichen
inclinacin
dsintgration
Zerfall, Auseinanderfallen
desintegracin
dplacement
Verschiebung,
Frdermenge (Pumpe)
corrimiento,
desplazamiento
Verdrngungsinjektion
pieu de dplacement
Verdrngungspfahl,
Mantelreibungspfahl
pilote de desplazamiento
charge rpartie
Verteilte Last
carga repartida
chantillon remani
gestrte Probe
muestra alterada
drivation
Umleitung, Ablenkung
desvio
digue/barrage
dock
quipe de montage
Dock
muelle
Dalbe
duque de Alba
Doppelwandfangedamm
drague
Sog, Schleppe
arrastrar
pelle-dragline
Schleppkbelbagger
dragalina
duc d'Albe
palplanches doubles
batardeau
cheviller
saigne d'coulement
affaissement
Absenkung
draguer
dragage
Nabagger
dragar
drive
Strmung, Stollen,
Bohrlochabweichung
deriva, galera
drive
Strmung, Stollen,
Bohrlochabweichung
deriva, galera
Bohrer, Bohrgert
Bohrloch
sondear
sondeo
pieux fors
Bohrpfahl
pilotes de perforacin
forage
Bohren
boulon de serrage
forer
trou de forage
pieu for
Bohrgert
equipo de sondeo
foncer
rammen, abteufen
hincar
pointe de fonage
Rammschuh
azuche
tube de fonage
Vortreibrohr/Rammrohr
pieu battu
Rammpfahl
fonage
Einbringen/Eintrieben
pilote hincado
frquence
d'attaque/frquence pilote
rapporte de battage
Rammprotokoll
parte de hinca
point d'application
rapporte de battage
Rammprotokoll
parte de hinca
rsistance dynamique au
battage
Rammwiderstand
resistencia a la
penetracin
essai de battage
Rammversuch
ensayo de penetracin
mouton dclic
Rammfallbr,
Freifallhammer
maza
Trockendichte
densidad seca
Trockengewicht
peso seco
ductile
Streckbarkeit, Duktilitt
ductilidad
durabilite
Dauerfestigkeit
durabilidad
digue
compactage dynamique
Deich
dique
remblayage sec
force dynamique
essai de chargement
dynamique
charge dynamique
dynamische Probeelastung
essai de chargement
dynamique de pieu
dynamischer Pfahlversuch
sondage dynamique
Echoloten,
Rammsoudierung
ensayo dinmico de
penetracin
essai dynamique
dynamische Prfung
ensayo dinmico
Erddruck
empuje de tierras
charge excentre
exzentrische Belastung
carga excntrica
Exzentrizitaet
excentricidad
dynamische Belastung
carga dinmica
tarire
moment excentrique
excentricite
pression effective
wirksame Druckspannung
presin efectiva
deformation lastique
elastische Dehnung
deformacin elstica
module d'lasticit
Elastizittsmodul
mdulo de elasticidad
lectrode
lectro-osmose
lvation
Elektrode
Elektro-Osmose
electrodo
electroosmosis
remblai
Aufschttung, Damm
terraplen
enrober
einbetten
incluir
encastrement
protection
Korrosionsschutzumhllung
embotement
palier de bout
Spitzendruckpfahl
pertes d'nergie
Energieverlust
prdidas energticas
gnie civil
Ingenieurwesen
ingeniera
gologie applique
Ingenieurgeologie
geologa ingenieril
base largie
base largie
Fuaufweitung
air inclus
eingeschlossene Luft
aire incluido
rsines poxy
Kunstharz
resinas epoxis
quilibre
quipement
Gleichgewicht
Gert, Ausrstung
equilibrio
equipo
vaporation
dblais
excavation
Verdunstung
evaporacin
Aushubmaterial
material excavado
Baugrube, Ausschachtung, excavacin
Bodenaushub
excavateur
surpression interstitielle
Trockenbagger
hydrostatischer berdruck
orifices d'chappement
excavadora
sobrepresin
pieu expans
explosifs
force explosive
Spengstoff
explosivos
extension, spirale
extenssomtre/jauge de
contrainte
rsistance externe du tirant
extraction, prlvement
Herausziehwiderstand des
Ankers
Herausziehen
extraccin
Sicherheitsfaktor
coeficiente de seguridad
extracteur
coefficient de scurit
rsistance pondre de
porte
charge pondre
rsistance pondre
rupture
charge de rupture
Versagen, Bruch
rotura
Bruchbelastung, Grenzlast carga de rotura
surface de rupture
Bruchflche
superficie de rotura
fraguado incompleto
fascine
Flechtwerk, Buhne
fajina
faille
Verwerfung
falla
faux pieu
prise incomplte
chafaudage de coffrage
butoirs/heurtoirs
remblayage
filler
Fller
remplissage gravitaire
Verfllen
filtre
tourteau de filtration
Filter, Filterschicht
filler
filtro
fines
Feinsand, Feinstoffe
finos
Finite-Elemente
Berechnungsmethode
mtodo de elementos
finitos
fond solide
fester Grund
terreno firme
clisse
trpan/queue de poisson
injection de fissure
Kluftinjektion
longueur de scellement du
tirant
Krafteintragungslnge
Einspannmoment
momento de
empotramiento perfecto
fondation flexible
elastiche Grndung
cimentacin flexible
rsistance la flexion
Biegefestigkeit
resistencia a la flexin
pilotaje flotante
flocul
sol
schwimmende
Pfahlgrndung
flockenartig
Decke, Gescho, Etage
flottaison
Flotation
flotacin
coulement
Strmung, Abflu,
Durchflu
flujo
floculado
piso, planta
Stromliniennetz
red de filtracin
Flugasche
ceniza volante
foliation
Schieferung
foliacin
faux pieu
(Ramm) jungfer,
Schlagjungfer
seguidor
semelle/embase
Fundament
zapata
Formung, Aufbau,
Schichtung
Grndung, Fundament
formacin
ligne d'coulement/ligne de
coule
nergie hydraulique
cendres volantes
marteau mobile
chef d'quipe
formation
fondation
cimentacin, cimiento
fracture
treillis
Bruch
Rahmen
Freie Ankerlnge
fractura
prtico
gel, gele
foss couvert/drain
cailloux/drainage par rigoles
remplies de matires
filtrantes
frquence
Hufigkeit, Frequenz,
Schwingzahl
frecuencia
eau douce
roche friable
frottement
Swasser
brckliges Gestein
Reibung
agua dulce
roca friable
rozamiento, friccin
pieu flottant
Reibungspfahl
pilote flotante
gel, gele
limite de gel/de givrage
Frost
helada
action du gel
gonflement d au gel
Frosthebung
entumecimiento por la
helada
vanne
Tor
compuerta
jauge
Messuhr
aparato de medida
gologie
exploration gophysique
Geologie
geophysikalische
Untersuchung
geologa
prospeccin geofsica
Geotechnik
geotecnia
poutre
Trger
viga
dpt glaciaire
Eiszeitablagerung
depsito glacial
gologue
gotechnique
rglette de guidage/clavette
de calage
traverse d'chafaudage
argile moraines
furet/scraper
grappin
gradation
Abstufung, Kornverteilung
granulometra
niveleuse
Strassenhobel
niveladora
Kornform
Korngre
gravier
Gerll, Schotter
grava
injection gravitaire
drucklose Verfllung
mouton sec
Freifallhammer
maza de gravedad
treillis de poutres
poutres croises
Fundament mit
Profileisenraster
emparrillado
zermahlen
moler
niveau du sol
Gelndehhe
Gelndeoberflche
eau souterraine/nappe
souterraine
Grundwasser
agua subterranea
effet de groupe
lait de ciment / coulis
Gruppeneffekt
Verpremrtel /
Zementmrtel
efecto de grupo
lechada (para inyeccin)
voile d'injection
Dichtungsschleier
pantalla de inyeccin
broyer/triturer/moudre
sable grossier
en pi
surface de le nappe
souterraine
injecter
Zementmrtel injezieren
Verpressen
pression d'injection
Injektionsdruck
inyectar
butoirs/heurtoirs
murettes-guides
Leitwnde
hauban
derrick maintenu par des
tirants
mouton/marteau
Hammer, Ramme,
Rammbr
martillo, martinete
trpan benne
installation de transporte
Transportgerte
material de transporte
risque
Gerfahr
riesgo
coin de serrage
Stirnwand
chaleur d'hydratation
Hydrationswme
calor de hidratacin
se soulever
Hebung
levantarse
Schneckenbohrer
barrena salomnica
extracteur de carotte
hlicodal
point d'ancrage hlicodal
tarire, mche
htrogne
machine d'extraction
homogne
gleichartig, homogen
homogeneo
pression horizontale
(pousse)
horizontaler Erddruck
empuje de tierras
horizontal
pilotes en H
Affaissement
Conductivit
remblai hydraulique
aufgesplter Boden
fracturation hydraulique
(injection de claquage)
Hydraulische Rissbildung
(Claquage)
relleno hidrulico
grappin
Marteau hydraulique
hydrologie
pression du liquide/chute
d'eau
Hydrologie
hidrologa
glace et neige
hielo y nieve
impact
Aufprall, Sto
impacto
impermable
undurchlssig
impermeable
impermable
undurchlssig
impermeable
tapis impermable
Dichtungsschicht
manto impermeable
impdance
pieu inclin
boussole
d'inclinaison/inclinomtre
index
Inhaltsverzeichnis, Index
ndice
durci
verhrtet
endurecido
infilration
ligne d'influence
prise iniciale
Abbindebeginn
fraguado inicial
entre, accs
entrada
anorganischer Boden
suelo inorgnico
ouverture/orifice d'entre
pression d'alimentation
sol inorganique
rsistance en place
essai in situ
ensayo in situ
inspection
inspecteur
Banberwachung
inspeccin
instruments de mesure
Megertausrstung
instrumentacin
instruments de mesure
Megertausrstung
instrumentacin
matrice rocheuse
essai d'intgrit
ungestrtes Gestein
Integrittsprfung
roca sana
intergranulaire
zwischen den
Bodenkrnern
Spundbohlenschlo
intergranular
frottement interne
innere Reibung
rozamiento interno
radier
Sohle
invert
essai pralable
Untersuchungsprfung
cric, vrin
Winde, Presse
gato, gata
pieux vrins
hydraulisch eingepresster
Fertigpfahl
pilotes hincados a
presin
hydraulische Pressgerte
aparato de elevacin
Dse
chorro
enclavamiento de las
tablestacas
vrinage
appareil de levage
mchoires
jet, racteur
pieux lancs
eingesplter Pfahl
joint
Fuge
junta
rseau de fractures
Fugenanordung
patrn de diaclasamiento
karst
Karst
karst
jete/brise-lames/mle
tige
contre-poids
clavette
kilonewton
pieu central
poinon de fate
kilopound/1000 livres
brler
brlage
pieu enrob
retard, dphasage
Holzbohlen
entrablonado, tablones
de revestimiento
terre
glissement de terrain
Land
Erdrutschung
tierra
corrimiento de tierras
forces latrales
seitliche Belastung
fuerzas laterales
charge latrale
pression latrale
Seitendruck
presin lateral
support latral
seitliche Absttzung
sostn lateral
couche
dlaver
Schicht
auslaugen, durchsickern
capa
lixiviar
bouillie de ciment
perte par
infiltration/fuite/dfaut
d'tanchit
bton faiblement dos en
ciment
leve
Leckstelle, Undichtigkeit
Schutzdamm
malecn
bras de levier
Hebelarm
brazo de palanca
lingue de levage
aggrgats lgers
Kalk, Kalkstein
cal
calcul limite
Grenzlastverfahren
graisseur/lubrificateur
gaine, chemise
Hlse, Mantelrohr
tubage
Auskleidung
entibacin
liquide
limite de liquidit
indice de liquidit
surcharge
Versagen durch
Bodenverflssigung
flssig, Flssigkeit
Fliegrenze
Fliekennzahl
Verkehrslast
corrimiento por
liquefaccin
lquido
lmite lquido
ndice de fluidez
sobrecarga
charge
lment porteur
Last, Ladung
Tragglied
carga
capacit portante
fluidification
facteur de chargement
appareil mesurant les
charges
accroissement de charge
perte de tension admissible
Laststufe
Grenzkraftabfall
incremento de carga
ensayo de carga
chargeur
mquina cargadora
Ladegert
carga y descarga
aparato de carga
essai statique
courbe de charge
Lastsetzungskurve
curva de cargas-asientos
courbe de charge
Lastsetzungskurve
curva de cargas-asientos
terre glaise
Lehm
cluse
traction de blocage
Schleuse, Schlo
Festlegekraft
esclusa
loess
loes
bches
Tagebuch, Kantholz,
Holzklotz
troncos, leos
meuble
locker
flojo
graisser
engrasar, lubricar
remblai
aufgeschtteter Boden
terreno de relleno
lastgesteuerte
Probebelastung
graisseur/lubrificateur
mandrin/burin
manchon, chemise
taret/tarrde/ver de
bateaux/xylophage marin
Mantel, Hlle,
Verbindungsmuffe
manguito
dpt marin
repre
Meeresablagerung
Festpunkt, Spur
depsito marino
referencia fija, marca de
referencia
marne
marais
Mergel
Sumpf, Marsch
marga
pantano
gros bton
Massenbeton
hormign en masa,
concreto en masa
Fundamentplatte
cimentacin flotante
mesure
membrane
maille
Aufma
Membrane
Masche
medicin, medida
membrana
malla
micropieu
Mikropfahl
assemblage, connexion de
micropieu
Verbindung
minraux
Mineral, Gestein
minerales
mlangeur
Mischer
mesclador, agitador
matriel mobile
bewegliches Gert,
transportable Ausrstung
equipo mvil
module d'lasticit
Elastizittsmodul
mdulo de elasticidad
module de raction
coeficiente de balasto
humide
teneur en eau
moment d'inertie
Erdwiderstandsmodul,
Bettungszahl
feucht
Feuchtigkeitsgehalt
Trgheitsmoment
mouton
Rammbr, Fallbr
maza
moraine
Morne
morrena
mortier
Mrtel
mortero
installation de mlange
hmedo
humedad
momento de inercia
montmorillonite
pieu d'amarrage
marbr
geadert
veteado
boue, vase
Schlamm
barro
boue, vase
Schlamm
barro
injection d'argile
Hohlrauminjektion
inyeccin de arcilla
vague de boue
abattage banquettes
multiples
Schlammwelle
Stufensprengung
ola de fango
voladura de banqueo por
etapas
Reihensprengung
Nachverpressen
tourteau de filtration
mehrstckiges Gebude
edificio alto
natrlicher Wassergehalt,
Feuchtigkeitsgehalt
humedad natural
sous-pression de l'eau
interstitielle
negativer
Porenwasserdruck
presin intersticial
negativa
negative Mantelreibung
tranglement
poutre aiguille
mamelon
Nippel
zerstrungsfreie Prfung
Verdrngungsfreie injektion
(Injektion ohne
Baugrundverdrngung)
ensayos no destructivos
consolid normalement
normalkonsolidiert
consolidado normalmente
puits d'observation
Beobachtungsbrunnen
pozo de observacin
graisseur/lubrificateur
pieu omga
caisson ouvert
tranche ouverte
offener Senkkasten
cajon abierto
nichtausgesteifte Baugrube excavacin abierta
benne polype
matria organica
organische Stoffe
materia orgnica
oscillateur
Oszillator
oscilador
osmose
Osmose
osmosis
affleurement (gol.)
zutageliegend
afloramiento (geol.)
plaine d'alluvions
Kiesfeld, Sandfeld
llanura aluvial
surexcavation
surabattage
Mehraushub
Mehrausbruch
sobreexcavacin
sobreexcavacin
surcharge
surconsolid
berkonsolidiert
apisonado en exceso
surcharge
berlastung
sobrecarga
excdent de contrainte
berschreiten der
zulssigen Spannungen
exceso de tensin
pression manomtrique en
psi
coussin/patin
panneau
Schlitzwandelement
Teilchengre
pression de bute
Erdwiderstand, passiver
Erddruck
graviers rouls
erbsengroer Kies
pinoncillo
rsistance maximale au
cisaillement
tourbe
croc levier/grappin
caillou/pierraille
Kieselstein
morrillos
socle, pdestal
Sockel
pedestal
corc/droul
injection de pntration
Eindringinjektion
protocole de pntration
Rammprotokoll
parte de hinca
rsistance la pntration
Eindringungswiderstand
resistencia a la
penetracin
essai de pntration
Rammsondenversuch
ensayo de penetracin
appareil pntromtre
Eindringungsmesser
penetrmetro
pourcentage en poids
Gewichtsprozente
gespannter
Grundwasserspiegel
filtration
Versickerung,
Porenwasserstrmung
fibracin
sondage percussion
Schlagbohrung
sondeo de trpano
gel permanent
Dauerfrost
terreno helado
permanentemente
Daueranker
permabilit
Durchlssigkeit,
permeabilidad
Permeabilitt
Poreninjektion (Imprgntion
durch Porenverfllung)
rendement mcanique
injection d'imprgnation
pH (potentiel Hydrogne)
Sickerlinie, -oberflche
linea fretica
pilier/jete/mle/quai
arranque de un espign
pizomtre
Pegel
piezometro
hauteur, charge
pizomtrique
surface pizomtrique
Pegelhhe
altura piezomtrica
Pegelniveau
nivel piezomtrico
furet/rcleur
pieu
Pfahl
sonnette
Rammgerst
machina
Pfahltragfhigkeit
carga de hundimiento de
un pilote
casque (pieux)
Pfahlkopfplatte
encepado
engin de battage/membre du
personnel de l'quipe de
battage
battage de pieux
Pfahlrammen
hinca de pilotes
formule de battage
Rammformel
frmula de hinca
Rammwiderstand
resistencia dinmica de
un pilote
Pfahlziehen
extraccin de pilotes
Pfahlgrndung
Pfahlgruppe
Pfahlrammhammer,
Rammbr
grupo de pilotes
maza de hinca de pilotes
extracteur de pieux/engin
d'arrachage
groupe de pieux
mouton
arrache-pieux
mouton
maza
Rammbr, Fallbr
tuyau
Rohr
tubo
pipeline/canalisation
Rohrleitung
oleoducto
Rohrnetz, Verrohrung
sifonamiento
piston
sonde piston
fosse, puits
Grube, Baugrube
prstamo, foso
dblais
todo uno
surface de moindre
rsistance
dformation plane
schwache Schnittebene
plano de debilidad
ebener
Verformungszustand
deformacin plana
bton plastique
Tonbeton
Tonbetonschlitzwand
dformation plastique
plastische Verformung
deformacin plstica
limite de plasticit
lmite plstico
sol plastique
plasticit
Plastizittsgrenze,
Ausrollgrenze
plastischer Boden
Plastizitt
indice de plasticit
Plastizittszahl
ndice de plasticidad
Plattendruckversuch
Verschlu, Dbel
pieu l'aplomb
caisson pneumatique
Druckluftsenkkasten
effort de pointe
Fupressungspfahl,
Spitzendruckpfahl
Punktlast
rsistance la pointe
Spitzenwiderstand
coefficient de Poisson
Poissonsche Zahl
mdulo de Poisson
polymre
Polymer
polimero
Teich
embalsar
pieu-colonne
suelo plstico
plasticidad
disparition de la pression
interstitielle
Kraftlffelbohrer
barrenas de motor
prsondage
Vorbohrung
sondeo previo
bton prfabriqu
Betonfertigteil
hormign prefabricado
porosit
Panneau prcontrainte
postrieure
prcontrainte
postrieure/post-tension
tarires mcaniques
groupe/centrale hydraulique
pieu prfabriqu
Betonfertigpfahl
pilotes de hormign
prefabricado
prcompression
Vorbelastungdruck
prconsolidation
Vorkonsolidierung
pression de prconsolidation Vorkonsolidierungsdruck
precompresin
preconsolidacin
presin de
preconsolidacin
prfabrication
Fertigbauweise,
Vorfertigung
prefabricacin
tude prliminaire
Voruntersuchung
estudio preliminar
micropieu prliminaire
Vorversuchs-Mikropfahl
(Probepfahl 1)
pieu prliminaire
Probepfahl
chargement prliminaire
Vorbelastung
Prepacked-Pfahl
conservation
prdcoupage
Konservierung
Vorspaltung
conservacin
precorte
pression
pression statique au repos
Druck, Pressung
Ruheerddruck
presin, empuje
empuje en reposo
bulbe de pression
Druckzwiebel
bulbo de presines
jauge de contrainte
pr-allumage/auto-allumage
hauteur de la chute
d'eau/charge d'eau
carga previa
prcontraindre
Vorspannung
pretensar
consolidation primaire
Primrkonsolidierung
consolidacin primaria
projet
Projekt
proyecto
traction d'preuve
support, appui
Prfkraft
Sttze, Steife
puntal
protection
couches protectrices
Schutz
Schutzbeschichtung
proteccin
capas protectoras
pieu prcontraint
prcontrainte
prcontrainte
corroi d'argile
Lehmschlag
arcilla de tejar
essai de traction
ensayo de arranque
pompe
bton pomp
Zugversuch,
Ausziehversuch
Pumpe
Pumpbeton
essai de pompage
Pumpversuch
ensayo de agotamiento
essai, prealable
Eignungsprfung
ensayo previo
contrle de qualit
Qualittsberwachung
control de calidad
carriere
quartz
quai
mur de quai
boulance
chaux vive
Steinbruch
Quarz
Kai
Kaiwand
Flieerscheinung
ungelschter Kalk
cantera
quarzo
muelle
muro de muelle
sifonamiento
cal viva
sable boulant
Fliesand
arena movediza
mouton
Rammbr, Fallbr
maza
Plattengrndung
cimentacin flotante
voie ferre
Eisenbahn
ferrocarril
bomba
hormign bombeado,
concreto bombeado
tanon oblique
pieu inclin
pilon, dame
Ramme
pisn
pilon, dame
Ramme
pisn
vidange rapide/vitesse de
baisse du niveau d'eau
Schnellabsenkung
descenso rpido o
repentino
tachymtre, compteur de
vitesse
vitesse de chargement
Registrierapparat
velocmetro
als
rebond
courbe de gonflement
Entlastungskurve
curva de entumecimiento
recharger
Wiederbelasten
cargar reiteradamente
recompression
Druckwiederholung,
Wiederverdichtung
recompresin
pourcentage de carotte
Wiedergewinnung
recuperacin
semelle rectangulaire
rechteckiges Fundament
zapata rectangular
point de rfrence
Bezugspunkt
punto de referencia
Stahlbetonpfahl
pilote de hormign o
concreto armado
refus
terre arme
bewehrte Erde
paroi moule en coulis arm Bewehrte
Einphasenschlitzwand
tierra armada
armature/renforcement
densit relative
relaxation
relative Dichte
Entspannung
densidad relativa
relajacin
puits de dcharge ou de
dcompression
Entlastungsbrunnen
pozo de descarga
charge rpte
wiederholte Belastung
carga repetida
contrainte rsiduelle
Restspannung
tensin remanente
rsine
rsistance
Harz
restina
moment resistant
widerstehendes Moment
momento resistente
frquence de rsonnance
Resonanzfrequenz
frecuencia de resonancia
mur de soutnement
Sttzmauer
muro de sostenimiento,
muro de contencin
retardateur
injection d'eau en sens
inverse
Verzgerungsmittel
agente retardante
sondeuse
radier de fondation rigide
starre Grndungsplatte
mur rigide
starre Wand
enrochement
Steinschttung, Steinwurf
escollera
roche, roc
Fels
roca
ancrage
Felsanker
anclaje en roca
boulons d'ancrage
Felsanker, Felsnagel
re-battre un pieu
remblai rocheux
Steinaufschttung
pedraplen
Stange, Stab
barra
forage rotary
Rotationsbohrung
Drehschlagbohrung
rotation
range de pieux
Drehung, Rotation
Pfahlreihe
rotacin
fila de pilotes
coulement
rupture
patte de fixation/sabot
d'appui
Oberflchenabflu
Bruch, Platzen
escorrentia
rotura
charge admissible
zulssige Last
carga admisible
coefficient de scurit
Sicherheitsfaktor
coeficiente de seguridad
marge de scurit
sels
chantillon
Salze
Probe, Muster
sales
muestra
alteracin de las
muestras durante la toma
Sand
arena
drains de sable
pieu de sable
sol satur
Sandpfahl
gesttigter Boden
pilote de arena
suelo saturado
echelle
scarificateur
Matab
Aufreipflug, Aufreier
escala
escarificador
escarp
domaine de travail
Steilhang
escarpe
affouillement
ausplen, untersplen
socavacin
dcapeuse, scraper
Erdlader, Erdeschrfgert
robadera, scraper
tamis
Sieb
pantalla
pieu vis
Schraubpfahl
pilote de rosca
niveau de la mer
Meeresspiegel
digue
Mole
muro costero
sceller
abdichten
sellar
effet saisonnier
jahreszeitlicher Einflu
efecto estacional
compression secondaire
Sekundrdruckbelastung
consolidacin secundaria
panneau secondaire
coupe
roche sdimentaire
Schnitt
Sedimentgestein
seccin
roca sedimentaria
percolation
Durchsickerung,
Versickerung
filtracin
courant de filtration
Sickerwasserstrmung
corriente de filtracin
Seismologische
Berechnung
diseo ssmico
seismische
Geschwindigkeit
velocidad de ondas
ssmicas
pieu transversal
matire en suspension
sparation
tude sismique
recherche par mthode
sismique
clrit sismique
sismographe
sismomtre
Seismometer
sismmetro
coulis autodurcissant
Selbsterhrtende
Suspension
Eigengewicht
peso propio
strukturempfindlicher Ton
arcilla susceptible
poids propre
argile sensible au
remaniement
sensibilit
capteur
Empfangsapparat,
Mefhler
suite de couches ou de bancs Aufeinanderfolge der
Schichten
captor
prise (matriaux)
Abbindung
fraguado (materiales)
tassement
Setzung
asiento
calcul du tassement
Setzungsanalyse
courbe de tassement
Setzungskurve
curva de asiento
mesure de tassement
Setzungsmessung
placas testigos de
asientos
stabilisation
gout
Abwasserleitung
colector, desage
puits
diamtre du ft
Schacht
Pfahldurchmesser
pozo
schiste
tranche peu profonde
Tonschiefer
flacher Aushub
pizarra arcillosa
trinchera somera
fondation en surface
Flachgrndung
cimentacin somera
effort de cisaillement
contrainte de cisaillement
Scherkraft
Schubspannung,
Scherspannung
Abscherversuch
Scherfestigkeit
corte
esfuerzo cortante
rideau de palplanches
Spundwand
pared tablestacada
parafouille tanche en
palplanches
rideau de palplanches
Spundwandsporn
tablestacado cortaguas
Spundwand
pared tablestacada
manille
essai de cisaillement
resistance au cisaillement
resistencia al esfuerzo
cortante
palplanche
palplanche
Verbau
tablestacado
tayage
Absttzung
apuntalamiento
bton projet
Spritzbeton
hormign lanzado
pelle
retrait
Schaufel
Schwinden
pala, lampa
retraccin
Seitenreibung
friccin lateral
Siebanalyse
anlisis granulomtrico
por tamizado
bouclier
taret/terrde/ver de bateaux
plan/dessin d'excution
raynures/rglettes latrales
frottement latral
tamis
analyse granulomtrique
graisseur compte-gouttes
dbit visible
palplanche vrine
silice
silt
Kieselsure, Silika
Schluff
slice
limo
dpt de silt
Verschlammung
rellenarse de fango
emplacement du chantier
Baustelle
ubicacin de la obra
frottement superficiel
Mantelreibung
rozamiento superficial,
friccin superficial
plaque/mche
Platte, Decke
losa, aligerado
ardoise
Schiefer
pizarra
Jupe
miroir de surface
glissement
Gleitschicht
Rutschung, Abgleiten
espejo de falla
corrimiento
Erddrutsch
corrimiento
superficie de corrimiento
Erddrutschflche,
Gleitflche
Bschung
rupture de talus
Bschungsbruch
caida de un talud
Bschungssicherung
proteccin de taludes
rainure
Schlitz
ranura
affaissement
Ausbreitma
asiento, hundimiento
boue
Bentonitmischung
pasta
surface de glissement
talud, inclinacin
vase/fange
parois moules
Schlitzwand
Einphasenschlitzwand
muro calado
sol tendre
weicher Boden
suelo blando
Erdbodenzement,
Bodenvermrtelung
Bodenklassifizierung,
Bodenmerkmale
suelo-cemento
Bodenaufschlu
reconocimiento del
terreno
sol
ancrage/scellement
sondage de sol
carotte de sondage
sol-ciment
caractristiques du sol
gologue
investigation
Bodenmechanik
mecnica de suelos
humidit du sol
Bodenfeuchtigkeit
particule de sol
Bodenteilchen
profil stratigraphique
Bodenprofil
stabilisation du sol
Bodenstabilisierung
couchis, semelles
Stahltrger
peones, estemples
verticales
Stahltrgerbohlenverbau,
Berliner Bauweise
sondage
carteur
Abstandhalter
sparation, intervalle
portee
poids spcifique
Abstand
Spannweite
spezifisches Gewicht
separacin
luz, tramo
peso especfico
spcification
Leistungsbeschreibung
especificacin
spcimen
mandrin
pieu bois
Probe
muestra
geteilte aufklappbare
Entnahmesonde
tomamuestras partido
Lffelprobe, Sondenprobe
point de jonction/jointure
cuiller fente
matriau d'excavation
cimentacin por
superficie
source
Quelle, Feder
fuente
stabilit
Stabilitt
estabilidad
suspension stable
stabile Suspension
Bauablauf in
Bauabschnitten
normes
normas
tube vertical
Standrohr, Steigrohr
tubo piezomtrico
perforateur
percussion/trpan
perforation
jalonnement/bornage
tanon/contre-fiche/soutien
statischer
Belastungsversuch
statischer
Belastungsversuch
mouton vapeur
Dampframmbr
maza de vapor
acier
Stahl
acero
pieu en acier
Stahlpfahl
pilote de acero
raideur
Steifigkeit
rigidez
etrier
pierre, roche
Bgel
Stein
estribos
piedra
pices de
renforcement/raidisseurs
dformation
Deformation pro
deformacin
Lngeneinheit, Anstrengung
testigo de deformacin
clouage de liteaux
strate, couche
force, rsistance, solidit
Schicht
Festigkeit
estrato
resistencia
contrainte, tension
Spannung
tensin
Spannungsverteilung
courbe contraintedformation
direction/orientation
Spannungs-DehnungsKurve
concentracin de
tensiones
distribucin de las
tensiones
curva de tensines y
deformaciones
fil plomb
traverse
fondation sur semelle filante Streifenfundament
course
fissuration (de btiment)
bauliche Schden
structure, ouvrage
Bauwerk
estructura
tai, contre-fiche
Steife, Strebe
puntal
tai, contre-fiche
Steife, Strebe
puntal
soubassement
Untergrund, Unterbau
subsuelo
affaissement, effondrement
Senkung, Nachlassen
subsidencia
sous-sol
Untergrund
reconnaissance du sous-sol, baugrundtechnische
investigation -Untersuchung
subsuelo
reconocimiento del
subsuelo
sous-sol
subsuelo
succion
essai de contrle
puisard
Ansaugen
succin
Eignungsprfung
Senkgrube, Pumpensumpf foso, colector de aguas
pompe de puisard
appui
Sttze
apoyo
fluide d'excavation
Sttzende Flssigkeit
surcharge
Auflast
sobrecarga
force de surface
Oberflchenkraft
fuerza de superficie
onde de surface
relevs
Oberflchenwelle
Vermessung
onda superficial
levantamientos
suspension
pieu estamper
Suspension
suspensin
essai de systme
Systemprfung
arpenteur/ingnieur gomtre
brocher
rservoir
pieu en pointe/conique
Behlter, Tank
depsito
temprature
tirant d'ancrage provisoire
Temperatur
Kurzzeitanker
temperatura
mur temporaire
armature
Zugglied
longueur de scellement de
l'armature
Verankerungslnge de
Zuggliedes
Freie Stahllnge
contrainte de traction
rsistance la traction
Zugkraft
Zugfestigkeit
fuerza de tensin
resistencia a la traccin
contrainte de traction
Zugspannung
tension
Zug
tensin, traccin
fissure de tension
Zugriss, Zugzone
grieta de tensin
pieu en traction
Zugpfahl
Zugstahl
acero en traccin
terrasses
Terrassenablagerung
depsitos de terraza
faire un essai
Versuch
ensayar, ensayo
charge d'essai
charge d'essai
micropieu d'essai
Versuchslast
Versuchslast
AbnahmeversuchsMikropfahl (Probepfahl 3)
carga de prueba
carga de prueba
pieu d'essai
Probepfahl
procdure d'essai
Versuchsverfahren
procedimiento de ensayo
machine d'essai
Prfgert
mquina de ensayo
texture
Gefge, Bodenstruktur,
Textur
textura
thorie
proprits thermiques
Theorie
thermale Eigenschaften,
Wrmeverhalten
teora
propiedades trmicas
taret/terrde/ver de bateaux
dnnwandiges
Probeentnahmegert
tomamuestras de pared
delgada
thixotropie
Thixotropie
tixotropa
mares
tirant
Tide, Gezeiten
Verankerung, Bodenanker
mareas
tensor anclado
tirant
Zugstange
tirante de anclaje
sous-abattage
festverbunden, dicht
hermtico
moraine glacaire
till
inclinomtre
pilotis de bois
Neigungsmegert
Holzpfahl
inclinmetro
pilotes de madera
courbe ou diagramme de
tassement en fonction du
temps
Zeit-Setzungs-Kurve
curva de tiemposasientos
Pfahlspitze
azuche de un pilote,
punta de un pilote
rupture de base
Basisbruch
fallo de pie
clapet de rglage/vanne
rgulatrice papillon
tolrance
plaque porte-nez
terre vgtale
mthode hirarchise
Mutterboden
tierra vegetal
Torsion
torsin
manomtre/capteur
Vermittler, Energiewandler
transductor
zone de transition
bergangzone
zona de transicin
Kontraktorbeton,
Unterwasserbeton
couple
torsion
dflecteur
tranche
Graben, Schlitz
trinchera
trpan/foret couronne
1. pont mont sur
chafaudage
micropieu defaisabilit
EignungsversuchsMikropfahl (Probepfahl 2)
pieu a faisabilit
Probepfahl
distrubtion triangulaire
dreieckige Lastverteilung
carga repartida
triangularmente
appareil triaxial
Triaxialgert
aparato triaxial
cellule triaxiale
Probe fr dreiachsigen
Druckversuch
essai triaxial
tricne
2. appareil dclencheur
tube--manchettes
Manschettenrohr
zweiachsig gespannte
Platte
Bruchlast, Grenzlast
rsistance la compression
sans contrainte latrale
Druckfestigkeit mit
Querdehnung
essai de compression
triaxiale rapide
unverfestigter direkter
Scherversuch,
Schnellversuch
resistancia a la
compresin sin
constriccin lateral
ensayo sin consolidacin
ni drenaje
Sickerdrainage
subdren
souterrain
Untergrund, unterirdisch
subterrneo
Fundamentuntersttzung,
Unterfangung
recalce
pieu for
pilote de base
ensanchada
infiltration
Untersickergung
subaquatique
Unterwasser
filtracin atravs de la
cimentacin
subacutico
chantillon intact
ungestrte Bodenprobe
muestra inalterada
rsistance au cisaillement
teneur en eau constante
compression uniaxial
systme de classification
USCS
vereinheitlichte
Bodenklazifizierung
clasificacin unificada de
suelos
Ungleichfrmigkeitsgrad
coeficiente de
uniformidad
suelo uniformemente
graduado
poids unitaire
Raumgewicht
densidad
sous-pression
Hebung, Sohlwasserdruck
subpresin
pieux d'ancrage
sous-pressions
Zugpfahl
Sog, Hebedruck, Auftrieb
pilotes de traccin
subpresiones
vide
Unterdruck, Vakuum
vaco
appareil palettes
argile stratife
Bnderton
extensomtres corde
vibrante
vibration
appareil de
fonage/d'extraction par
vibrations
Schwingung
vibracin
Pfhleinrtteln
vibroflottation
Rtteldruckverfahren
vibroflotacin
branche de premire
compression du diagramme
Erstdrucklastkurve
curva de compresin
noval
viscosit
examen vue
Viskositt
visuelle Untersuchung
viscosidad
exmen a simple vista
vide
Hohlraum, Pore
poro
Porenzahl
ndice de poros
volcan
volume
Vulkan
Volumen, Inhalt
volcn
volmen
vibrofonceur
fonage des pieux par
vibration
compactage par vibrations
arcilla listada
changement de volume
Volumennderung
variacin de volmen
madrier
Gurt
carrera, durmiente
Wandreibung
paisseur de mur
sondage par injection
Splbohrung
eau de lavage
sondage par injection
Splwasser
Splbohrung
agua de inyeccin
sondeo por inyeccin de
agua
teneur en eau
Wassergehalt
humedad
surface de la nappe
souterraine
fluctuation de la nappe
aquifre, phratique
Schwankung des
Grundwasserspiegels
rapport eau-ciment
Wasser-Zement-Faktor
relacin agua-cemento
aquifre
rapport eau-ciment
wasserfhrend
Wasser-Zement-Faktor
con agua
relacin agua-cemento
niveau d'eau
Wasserstand, Pegelstand
impermable
wasserdicht
impermeable
Welle
onda, ola
quation d'onde
longueau d'onde
Wellenlnge
longitud de onda
Wellengeschwindigkeit
velocidad de onda
suelo blando
altration
Verwitterung
meteorizacin
coin, cale
Keil
coinage, coincement, calage Verkeilung
cua
acuado
barbacanes
Entwsserungsloch
mechinal
perte en poids
puits
blindage de puits
puits filtrant
Gewichtsverlust
prida de peso
Brunnen
pozo
Brunnenverrohrung,
entibacin de un pozo
Futterrohr
Brunnen mit Pumpenbetrieb tubo filtrante
filtre de puits
Brunnenfilter
mle/brise-lames
structures de quai
Kaikonstruktionen,
Kaianlagen
obras portuarias
bois
pieu en bois
agents protecteurs du bois
Holz
Holzpfahl
Holzschutzmittel
Verarbeitbarkeit
madera
pilote de madera
preservadores de la
madera
docilidad
niveau de travail
Arbeitsebene
micropieu de fondation
Bauwerksmikropfahl
pieu de fondation
Bauwerkspfahl
rayons x
limite lastique
Rntgenstrahlen
Ergiebigkeit
limite d'lasticit
module d'Young
rayos-x
fluencia
zero
sinc
zone de saturatation
capillaire
zone d'ecoulement plastique plastischer Fliebereich des
du sol
Bodens
zone d'ecoulement
Durchstrmungsbereich
zone de gonflement
Schwellbereich
manchon
Koppelelement/Muffe
Injektiongut
Verpressmrtal/Feinkornbet
on
ITALIAN
PORTUGESE
DUTCH
test di accettazione
teste de recepo
controleproef
palo trivellato
ajustador, adaptador
verloopstuk
aditivo
toeslagstof
adesione
adeso, adesividade
adhesie
additivazione, addizione
aditivo, adio
bijmengsel, toevoeging
acqua adsorbita
agua adsorvida
geadsorbeerd water
loess
loss
aggregati, inerti
aria
inerte, agregado
ar
granulaat
lucht
inglobamento d'aria
ar incorporado
tubo dell'aria
lucht bijmenging
toelaatbare draagkracht
alluvione
ancoraggio
aluvio
ancoragem
Alluvium/Holoceen
anker
testa di ancoraggio
cabea de ancoragem
ankerkop
bloco de ancoragem
ballastanker
muro d'ancoraggio
cortina de ancoragem
ankerwand
ancoraggio
verankering, verankeren,
ankerplaat
verankerde damwand
angolo di riposo
ngulo natural
anodo
anodo
anode
tensione applicata
aangebrachte spanning
aquiclude
aquicluso
ondoorlatende laag
inacrcamento
efeito de arco
gewelfwerking
pressione artesiana
pressao artesiana
artesische druk
(spanningswater)
pressione a riposo
pressao em repouso
neutrale (grond)druk
limites de Atterberg
Atterbergse grenzen
trado
avegaar
foro trivellato
furo de trado
avegaar boring
palo trivellato
chiudere, riempire,
riempimento
aterro
aanvulling
escavatore a braccio
rovescio
retroscavadora
getrokken laadschop
limpadeira
puls
barrette
barreta
diepwand element
zwel van de
(bouwput)bodem
bezwijken ondergrond
beneden de voet (van de
paal)
basamento
fundaao
kelder
palo inclinato
trave
capacit portante
estaca inclinada
viga
capacidade de carga
schoorpaal
balk
draagvermogen
palo portante
estaca de suporte
pressione di appoggio
carga
funderingsdruk
roccia di base
firme, so
(diepe, draagkrachtige)
rotslaag
ancoraggio a campana
cassone a campana
ancoragem em forma de
sino
caixo em forma de sino
flessione
momento flettente
bentonite
flexo
momento flector
bentonite
injectieanker met
verbreed uiteinde
boorpaal met verbrede
voet
buiging
buigend moment
Bentoniet
berma
berma, banqueta
berm
far esplodere
desmontar a fogo
segregazione
ressurgncia
bloccaggio, intasamento
blocos de encunhamento,
calos
contagem de pancadas
contacolpi
contador de pancadas
klappen teller
palude
turfeira
ebollizione di sabbia
passagem a movedia
opbarsten van
zandbodem (bijvoorbeeld
door piping)
vite, bullone
parafuso
bout
resistencia de aderencia
aanhechtingssterkte
rimbombo braccio
flutuantes de proteo
giek
foro, sondaggio,
trivellazione
pali trivellati
sondagem
diametro do furo de
sondagem
materiali di prestito
material de escavao
uitkomende grond
trovante, blocco
godo grosso
zwel van de
(bouwput)bodem
steen
conglomerado
sostegno, puntello
escora
stempelen
escavao entivada
gestempelde ontgraving
entivao
stempel
tensione di rottura
muro di sostegno
tenso de rotura
muro de suporte
breukspanning
keermuur
deformazione,
schiacciamento
costruzione, edificio
flambagem, encurvadura
knikken
edificio, construo
gebouw, bouwwerk
regolamento edilizio
regulamento de construo
bouwvoorschrift
terreno di costruzione
cantiere
bulbo di distribuzione delle
tensioni
estaleiro
bouwplaats
bolbo de tenses
spanningsconcentratie
muratura di sostegno
bulldozer, apripista
tractor de lamina
bulldozer
spinta di galleggiamento
impulso
opdrijven
onderwater gewicht,
effectief gewicht
testa
topo, cabeca
paalkop
sostenere
ondersteunen
gabbia di armatura
wapeningskorf
cassone
caixo
caisson
kistdam
calibrato
aferir, calibrar
calibratie
sbalzo
consola
uitkragende ligger
palancolata a mensola, a
sbalzo
estacas-pranchas em
consola
onverankerde damwand
capillarit
capilaridade
capilairiteit
casi precedenti
foro rivestito
camicia/tubolare
encamisamento
casing
rivestimento, tubo di
rivestimento
tubo de revestimento
casing buis
muro diaframma in
calcestruzzo gettato in
opera
palo rivestito in opera, in
sito
diepwand
boorpaal
catodo
catodo
kathode
cavit
cavidade
holte
avandiga cellulare
ensecadeira celular
iniezione cementizia,
boiacca di cemento
calda de cimento
grout
centralizzato
centralizador
zoeker, centreer
hulpmiddel
centrifuga
centrifugadora
centrifuge
camera
camara, caverna
kamer
resistenza interna
resistncia interna
caratteristica di ancoraggio caracterstica duma
ancoragem
karakteristieke sterkte
van het
verankeringselement
carica (esplosiva)
cargas de explosivos
springlading
iniezione chimica
chemische injectie
propriet chimiche
injeco de produtos
quimicos
propridades quimicas
scalpello a percussione
cinzel
beitel
punta tagliante
trepano
snijtand (graafwerktuig)
chemische samenstelling
benna bivalve
escavadora de mandibulas
schelpvormige grijper
argilla
argila
klei
representante tcnico do
cliente
opzichter
ben gradato
solo de granulometria
uniforme
a grana grossa
a grana grossa
grosseiro
grosseiro
grofkorrelig
grofkorrelig
ciottolo
coeficiente de impulso de
terras
gronddruk coefficient
avandiga
ensecadeira
kistdam
coesione
coeso
cohesie
incoerente
niet-cohesief
colloidi
coloides
collod
colonna, pilastro
coluna
kolom, pijler
compatto
compactar
verdichten
compattabilit
compatibilidade
verdichtbaarheid
iniezione di compattazione
injeco de compactao
compaction grouting
pali di compattazione
estacas de compactao
verdichtingspaal (zoals
een stone column)
pali compositi
estacas mistas
combinatiepaal
aria compressa
ar comprimido
compressione
compresso
samendrukking, druk
palo a compressione
estaca comprimida
onda di compressione
onda de compresso
drukgolf
compressore
compressor
compressor
carico concentrato
carga concentrada
calcestruzzo (armato)
beto (armado)
[gewapend] beton
palo in calcestruzzo
getto di calcestruzzo
palo di calcestruzzo
estaca de beto
betonagem
tubo de betonagem
penetrometro a punta
conica
penetrmetro em cone
betonpaal
beton storten
transportbuis voor
betonmortel
sondeer apparaat
prova di compressione
confinata
ensaio edometrico
uni-axiale drukproef
conglomerato
conglomerado
conglomeraat
consolidato
consolidar
consolideren
carregamento constante
constante belasting
snelheid
prova penetrometrica a
velocit di avanzamento
costante
verplaatsingsgestuurde
proefbelasting
iniezione da contatto
injeco de contacto
pressione di contatto
tenso de contacto
contactdruk
container
contentor
container
impresario
esplosione controllata
empreiteiro
exploso controlada
aannemer
gecontroleerd springen
(opblazen met
explosieven)
trasportatore
transportador
lopende band
foro, campione di
trivellazione, carota
palo carotato
carote (nucleo)
boorkern
estaca revestida
gancio
copertura
acoplador
recobrimento (beto)
koppeling
betondekking
fessura, rottura
fissura
scheur
scorrimento
limite di creep
fluir
limite de fluncia
kruip
kruipmaat
met creosoot
geimpregneerde houten
paal
muro a sacco
?? (zoals een
berlinerwand)
kritische kruipbelasting
pietre frantumate
brita
gebroken steen
cortina
cortina de estanquidade
waterkerend scherm
antivibrazione,
ammortizzare
almofada
antivibrazione,
ammortizzare
taglio
almofada
dempen
trincheira
verticale ontgraving
diaframma
muro corta-aguas
waterkerend scherm
anello di taglio
anel cortante
snijring
cilindro
cilindro
cylinder
diga
barragem
dam
carico di riferimento
carga de referncia
carico permanente
ancoraggio, corpo morto
peso prprio
bloco de ancoragem
eigen gewicht
ballastanker
tempo di decadimento
roccia decomposta
rocha alterada
verweerd gesteente
decompressione
descompresso
drukafname
fondazione profonda
fundao profunda
paalfundering
flessione
flecha, defleco
doorbuiging, horizontale
verplaatsing
deformazione
deformao
vervorming, verplaatsing
grado di compattazione
grau de compactao
verdichtingsgraad
grado di saturazione
grau de saturao
verzadigingsgraad
ritardo
diferenca de tempo de
detonaes
baridade, densidade
vertraging
baridade, densidade
depsito
dichtheid, volumiek
gewicht
depot
profondit di fondazione
profundidade da fundao
aanlegdiepte
profondit di penetrazione
disseccazione
disseccazione
exsicaa, secagem
exsicao, secagem
uitdroging
progetto
projecto
ontwerp(berekening)
carico di progetto
carga de clculo
ontwerpbelasting
dettaglio
pormenores
details
deterioramento
detonazione
deteriorao
detonao
uiteenvallen
opblazen, doen springen
attrezzatura
prosciugamento,
aggottamento
aparelho
por a sco o cabouco,
drenagem
apparaat
ontwatering, bemaling
diaframma
diafragma
membraan (diepwand)
cedimento differenziale
assentamento diferencial
verschilzetting
inclinazione
declive
depressie (geologie)
disintegrazione
desintegrao
uiteenvallen
spostamento
deslocamento
verplaatsing
injeco provocando
deslocamento do solo
verdringend grouten
palo infisso
estaca de deslocamento
paal met
grondverdringing
carico distribuito
carga distribuida
verdeelde belasting
campione disturbato
amostra remexida
verstoord monster
deviazione
derivao, desvio
omleiding
molo, bacino
haven, kade
duque d'Alba
dukdalf
ensecadeira de parede
kistdam
draga
arrastar
gru a cingoli
colher de arrasto
sfruttamento
abaixamento
dragare
dragar
baggeren
traiettoria
deriva
traiettoria
deriva
trapano, perforatrice
pozzo in corso di
perforazione, foro di
perforazione
furar
furo de sondagem
boren
boorgat
pali trivellati
estaca perfurada
boopaal
trivellare
furao
boren
boorspoeling
fluido di perforazione
lama de sondagem
boorspoeling
fango di perforazione
lama de perfurao
dikke boorspoeling
boor equipment
battere
cravar
heien
ponteira
driving shoe
camicia d'infissione
tubo de cravao
heibuis, heicasing
estaca cravada
heipaal
infiggere, battere
cravao
heien
rapporto d'infissione
registro de cravaao
rapporto d'infissione
registo de cravao
resistenza all'infissione
resistncia cravao
heiweerstand
ensaio de penetrao
heiproef
pilo
valblok
baridade seca
peso secco
peso seco
duttilit
ductilidade
vervormbaarheid
durabilit
durabilidade
duurzaamheid
argine, diga
dique
dijk
carico dinamico
carga dinmica
dynamische
proefbelasting
dynamische belasting
dynamische
belastingsproef op palen
prova di penetrazione
dinamica
sondagem dinmica
dynamische sondering,
rammsondering
prova dinamica
ensaio dinmico
dynamische proef
impulso de terras
gronddruk
carico eccentrico
carga excntrica
excentrische belasting
eccentricita
excentricidade
excentriciteit
pressione efficace
presso efectiva
effectieve spanning,
korrelspanning
deformazione elastica
deformao elstica
elastische rek
modulo elastico
mdulo de elasticidade
elasticiteitsmodulus
elettrodo
elettro-osmosi
electrodo
electro-osmose
electrode
electro-osmose
terrapieno, rilevato
aterro
ophoging, dam
inserire, incorporare,
incastrare
envolver
inbedden
incapsulare
entubamento
coating
(corrosiebescherming)
perdite di energia
perda de energia
energie verlies
ingegneria
engenharia
ontwerpen
geologia applicata
engenharia geolgica
ingenieursgeologie
punta allargata
base alargada
aria inglobata
ar ocluso
epossidi
resinas epxidicas
kunsthars
equilibrio
equipaggiamento,
attrezzatura
equilibrio
equipamento
evenwicht
equipment
evaporazione
materiale escavato
escavazione, scavo
evaporao
material escavado
escavao
verdamping
ontgraven grond
ontgraving
escavatore
pressione idrostatica
eccedente
escavadora
sobrepresso hidrosttica
graafmachine
water overspanning
esplosivi
explosivos
explosief
resistenza esterna di
ancoraggio
estrazione
extraco
uittrekken
coefficiente de sicurezza
coeficiente de segurana
veiligheidsfactor
rottura, avaria
carico di rottura
rotura
carga de rotura
bezwijken
bezwijkbelasting
superficie di rottura
superficie de rotura
bezwijk oppervlak
falsa presa
falsa presa
schijnverharding (van
beton)
fascina
faxina
takkenbos
faglia, fagliamento
falha
geologische breuk
riempimento, riporto
aterro
aanvul materiaal
filler, enchimento
vulmiddel
riempimento
enchimento
aanvullen
filtro
filtro, dreno
filter
fini
finos
eindige elementen
methode
base firme
vaste grondslag
injeco de fissura
lunghezza d'incastro di
ancoraggio
comprimento de selagem
duma ancoragem
weerstandselement (van
een grondanker)
incastro perfetto
encastramento na base
inklemmingsmoment ??
fondazione flessibile
fundao flexivel
slappe fundering
buigsterkte
kleefpaalfundering
flotation
flusso
stroming, debiet
fluxo, escoamento
flucculent
vloer, etage
rete di flusso
rede de percolao
grondwater net
ceneri volanti
cinza volante
vliegas
fogliazione
foliao
prolungi di battitura
adicional de cravao de
estaca
follower
base d'appoggio,
fondazione, plinto
sapata
fundament
formazione
formao
formatie, laag
fondazione
fundao
fundering
frattura
telaio
fractura
prtico
breuk, scheur
frame
lunghezza libera di
ancoraggio
vrije ankerlengte
frequenza
frequencia
frequentie
acqua dolce
roccia friabile
attrito
agua doce
rocha friavel
atrito
zoetwater
brossige rots
wrijving
gelo
gelo
vorst
saracinesca
comporta, porto
poort
indicatore, misuratore
instrumento de medida,
bitola, calibrador
opnemer
geologia
indagine geofisica
geologia
explorao geofisica
geologie
geofysische exploratie
geotecnica
geotecnico
geotechniek
viga
deposito glaciale
depsito glaciar
dilavamento glaciale,
deposito morenico
depsito glaciar
glacial uitspoeling
gradazione
graduao
gradatie
classificatore, maicchina
spianatrice
niveladora
shovel
korrelvorm
granulometria
korrelafmetingen
ghiaia
godo, burgau
grind
iniezione a gravit
valhamer
piattaforma di fondazione
reticolo di fondazione
fundao em grelha
macinare
moer
fundament van
kruiselings gestapelde
balken
slijpen
nivel do solo
maaiveld,
acqua di falda
effetto di gruppo
cemento liquido/ iniezione
efeito de grupo
calda / calda de cimento
groepsaktie
grout
cortina d'iniezione
cortina de injeco
gegroute wand
iniettare
injectar
grouten
iniettare
het grouten
pressione di iniezione
presso de injeco
groutdruk
muro guida
muretes-guia
geleide wanden
martello
martelo, pilo
hamer
rocha alterada
diepladers
pericolo, rischio
risco
levensgevaarlijke situatie
muro di testa
coroamento do muro
kopwand
calore d'idratazione
calor de hidratao
hydratatie warmte
trivella ad elica
avegaar
trado helicoidal
eterogeneo
heterogeneo
heterogeen
omogeneo
homogeneo
homogeen
H-profiel paal
riempimento idraulico
aterro hidraulico
opgespoten grond
fratturazione idraulica
fracturao hidrulica
hydrraulisch breken
idrologia
hidrologia
hydrologie
ghiaccio e neve
gelo e neve
ijs en sneeuw
impatto
impacto
stoot, botsing
impenetrabile
impermeavel
impenetrabile
impermeavel
copertura impenetrabile
tapete impermeavel
ondoordringbaar,
ondoorlatend
ondoorlatende laag
indice
indice
index
indurito
endurecido, concrecionado
verhard
deformao no linear
inelastische
vervorming/deformatie
infiltrazione
infiltrao
infiltratie
inizio di presa
presa inicial
initiele zetting
immissione, entrata
entrada, admisso
inlet
terreno inorganico
solo inorganico
anorganisch
resistenza in sito
ispezione
inspeco
strumentazione
instrumentaao
strumentazione
instrumentao
instrumentatie
roccia intatta
test d'integrit
rocha s
ensaio de integridade
intacte rots
integriteits meting,
sonisch doormeten
intergranulare
intergranular
intergranulaire
damwand slot
attrito interno
atrito interno
inwendige wrijving
arco rovescio
omkeren
test d'indagine
teste de ensaio
onderzoek test
martinetto
macaco
vijzel
pali precompressi
gevijzelde palen
attrezzatura di
precompressione
equipamento de elevao
vijzel appartuur
getto
jacto
pali iniettati
giunto
junta
verbinding
diaclasi
padro de juntas
scheur patroon
carsico
karst, carst
karst
parete di tavole
atraso, desfasagem
keerwand
terra
frana, scivolamento di
terreno
terra
escorregamento
land
aardverschuiving
forze laterali
foras laterais
laterale, zijdelingse
krachten
presso lateral
laterale, zijdelingse
ondersteuning
strato
lisciva
laag
loog
camada
deslavar
perdita, percolato
lekkage
argine, diga
levada, aude
rivierdijk
braccio di leva
brao de alavanca
hefboom arm
aggregati leggeri
agregados leves
lichtgewicht toeslag
calce, calcare
cal, calcreo
kalk, kalksteen
analisi limite
analise limite
bezwijkanalyse
bekleding
rivestire, incamiciare
encamisamento
stortkoker, stortpijp
liquido
limite di liquidit
indice di liquidit
carico accidentale,
sovraccarico
carico
elemento di capacit
portante
capacit portante
liquido
limite de liquidez
indice de liquidez
sobrecarga
vloeistof
vloeigrens
vloeiindex
veranderlijke belasting
carga
elemento resistente
belasting
dragend element
capacidade de carga
draagvermogen
fattore di carico
fator de carga
belastingsfactor
indicatore di carico
medidor de carga
drukdoos
incremento di carico
incremento de carga
belastingstoename
prova di carico
ensaio de carga
poefbelasting
caricatore, draga di
caricamento
carico e scarico
carregadora
wiellader
carga e descarga
belasten en ontlasten
attrezzatura di carico
estrutura de carga
belastings frame
curva carico-cedimento
curva carico-cedimento
curva de cargaassentamento
curva de tenso-deformao lastzakkingsdiagram
limo
leem
serratura , chiusura
eclusa
bloccaggio/ carico di blocco fora de bloqueamento
slot
ankerschot, ankerwand
loess
loss
toro, tronco
logboek, journaal
sciolto
loss
lubrificare, ingrassare
lubrificar
smeermiddel
terreno di riporto
aterro
aangebrachte grond
ensaio de carga
camisa, involucro
mantel, mouw
deposito marino
traccia, caposaldo di
livellazione
depsito marinho
referencia
marine afzetting
vast punt, referentie punt
marna
palude, pantano
marga
pantano
mergel
moeras
calcetruzzo massivo
fondazione a piastra (a
platea)
ensoleiramento geral
balken fundering
misura
membrana
apertura della maglia, rete
medida, medio
membrana
malha
meting
membraam
maas, netwerk
microestaca
micropile
junta de microestaca
micopile koppeling
minerali
minerais
mineraal
mescolato in posto,
miscelato insito
miscelatore, mescolatore
misturado no local
in sity gemend
misturador, betoneira
mixer, menger
attrezzatura mobile
equipamento movel
monbiele apparatuur
modulo di elasticit
modulo de elasticidade
elasticiteitsmodulus
modulo di sottofondo
coeficiente de reaco
umido
umidit
momento d'inerzia
humido
teor de humidade
momento de inercia
ondergrond reactie
modulus
vocht
vochtgehalte
traagheidsmoment
martelo de bate-estacas
persoon/apparaat voor
positioneren paal
morena
moreia
morene
malta
argamassa
mortel
screziato, variegato,
varicolore
fango, fango organico
variegado, hetergeneo
vasa, lama
gevlekt
vasa, lama
modder, waterige
modderbrei
onda di fango
brillamento su pi banchi
onda de lama
exploso por banquetas
multiplas
modderstroom
explodere met meerdere
afschuifvlakken
brillamento su pi file
exploderen in rijen
grouten in meerdere
stappen
gebouw met meerdere
verdiepingen
natuurlijk vochtgehalte
negative porriendruk
negatieve mantelwrijving
nipplo
mamilo
nippel
ensaios nao-destrutivos
nietdestructief onderzoek
normalmente consolidato
normalmente adensado
normaal geconsolideerd
pozzo d'osservazione,
pozzo spia
tubo piezometrico
observaite put
cassone aperto
scavo aperto, trincea
caixo aberto
trincheira aberta
open caisson
open snede
materiale organico
materia organica
organisch materiaal
oscillatore
oscilador
oscillator, vibrator
osmosi
osmose
osmose
affioramento
afloramento
superficie di dilavamento,
piana fluvioglaciale
plano aluvionar
vlakke uitspoeling
sovrascavo
sovrascavo
sobreescavao
sobreescavao
extrauitgraving
verspilld materiaal
terreno di copertura
recobrimento
overdruk
sovraconsolidato
sobreconsolidado
overgeconsolideerd
sovraccarico
sobrecarga
overbelasting
sovrasollecitazione
sobretenso
overspanning
pannello
painel
paneel
granulometria, dimensione
delle particelle
afmetingen deeltje
passieve gronddruk
gravilha
fijn grind
maximale afschuifsterkte
torba
turfa
veen
ciottolo
kiezelsteen
piedestallo
iniezione a penetrazione
injeco de penetrao
groutinjectie
registrazione
registo de penetrao
dell'avanzamento
resistenza all'avanzamento resistencia penetrao
voetstuk
indringingsregistratie
indringweerstand
prova di penetrazione
ensaio de penetrao
indringingstest
penetrometro
penetrmetro
penetrometer
percentuale in peso
percentagem em peso
gewichtspercentage
waterspiegel door
capillaire werking
percolazione
percolao
percolatie
heiend boren
terreno permanentemente
gelado
permafrost
ancoraggio permanente
ancoragem definitiva
blijvend naker
permeabilit
permeabilidade
doorlatendheid
iniezione di permeazione
(impregnante)
injeco de impregnao
impregnerend grouten
superficie freatica
nivel freatico
fondazione di pile,
fondazione a pozzo
piezometro
piezometro
waterspanningsmeter
altezza piezometrica
altura piezometrica
waterspanningshoogte
superficie piezometrica
superficie piezometrica
piezemetriach oppervlak
palo
estaca
paal
piastra di collegamento di
pali, pulvino
phreatisch oppervlak
heiframe
paaldraagvermogen
heien
frmula de cravao
heiformule
resistncia cravao
heiweerstand
extraco de estaca
fondazione su pali
paalfundering
gruppo di pali
grupo de estacas
martello battipalo, maglio da pilo do bate-estacas
battipalo
paalgroep
heinamer
martelo de bate-estacas
persoon/apparaat voor
positioneren paal
canale, tubazione
tubo
pijp
condotto, tubazione
pijplijn
sifonamento
alinhamento de condutas,
tubagem
eroso interna
campionatore a pistone
extractor de embolo
bemonsteringsbuis
piping, sifonwerking
bouwput
materiale escavato
materiais de minerao
vrijgekomen materiaal
piano di debolezza
afglijdvlak
deformazione piana
superficie de menor
resistncia
deformao plana
calcestruzzo plastico
beto plstico
plastisch beton
muro di calcestruzzo
plastico
vlakke
spanningstoestand
deformazione plastica
deformao plstica
plastische deformatie
limite di plasticit
limite de plasticidade
plasticiteitsgrens
terreno plastico
plasticit
solo plstico
plasticidade
plastische grond
plastciteit
indice di plasticit
indice de plasticidade
plasticiteitsindex
plaat test
tappo
cassone pneumatico
caixo pneumtico
pneumatisch caisson
carico di punta
carga de ponta
puntbelasting
resistenza di punta
resistencia de ponta
puntweerstand
rapporto di Poisson
coeficiente de Poisson
Poisson getal
polimero
polimero
polymeer
stagno
encher de gua
vijver
mal graduado
slecht gegradeerd
plug
waterdruk disspatie
porositeit
trivelle meccaniche
trados mecanizados
gemotoriseerde
schroefboor
preforo
calcestruzzo
preconfezionato,
prefabricato
muro diaframma di
calcestruzzo prefabbricato
beto prfabricado
prefab beton
pali in calcestruzo
preconfezionato
estaca prfabricada
precompressione
preconsolidazione
pressione di
preconsolidazione
prcompresso
prconsolidao
presso de pradensamento
voordruk
preconsolidatie
preconsolidatiedruk
prefabbricazione
prfabricao
prefabricatie
indagine preliminare
estudo preliminar
voorlopig onderzoek
micropalo preliminari
microestaca preliminar
tijdelijke micropaal
palo preliminare
estaca preliminar
voorlopige paal
precarico
pr-carga
voorbelasten
palo prefabbricato
estaca pr-imjectada
voorgeinjecteerde paal
preservazione
prerottura, conservazione,
pretaglio
preservao
pr-fissurao
bescherming
explosietechniek met
initiele scheurvorming
pressione
pressione a riposo
presso, tenso
impulso em repouso
druk
druk in rusttoestand
bulbo di pressione
bolbo de presses
druk bel
indicatore di pressione,
manometro
manmetro
drukopnemer
presollecitazione,
precompresso
pr-esforar
voorspanning
consolidazione primaria
consolidao primria
primaire consolidatie
progetto
projecto, empreendimento
projekt
carico di prova
puntello, sbadacchio,
puntone
carga de ensaio
escora
test belasting
prop
protezione
rivestimento protettivo,
pittura protettiva
proteco
revestimentos protectores
bescherming
beschemende laag
argilla compattata
argila de amassar
modderige klei
prova di estrazione
ensaio de arrancamento
trektest
pompa
calcestruzzo pompato
bomba
beto bombado
pomp
gepompt beton
prova di pompaggio
ensaio de bombagem
pomp test
test di idoneit
ensaio de qualificao
kwalificatie test
controllo di qualit
controlo de qualidade
kwaliteitscontrole
caua, petraia
quarzo
molo
banchina
liquefazione
limi sciolti mobili
pedreira
quartzo
cais
muro de cais
sifonamento
cal viva
groeve
kwarts
kade
kademuur
vloeiconditie
vloeiend kalk
sabbie mobili
areia movedia
drijfzand
martelo de bate-estacas
persoon/apparaat voor
positioneren paal
fondazione a platea
ensoleiramento geral
balken fundering
ferrovia
caminho de ferro
spoorweg
battipalo, mazzapicchio,
pestello
mao
battipalo, mazzapicchio,
pestello
mao
heiblok
abbassamento rapido
snelle inlinking
indicatore di velocit
taquimetro
snelheidsindicator
velocit di carico
velocidade de aplicao de
carga
belastingssnelheid
alesato
broqueado, alargado
curva de empolamento, de
descarga
ontlastingskrome
ricarico
recarregar
herladen
ricompressione
recompresso
hercompressie
recupero
recuperao
herstel
base di fondazione
rettangolare
punto di riferimento
sapata retangular
rechthoekige fundering
marca, referencia
referentiepunt
gewapende betonnen
paal
terra armata
terra armada
muro bentonitico rinforzato parede moldada armada
gewapende grond
gewapende
densit relativa
rilassamento
densidade relativa
relaxao
relatieve dichtheid
relaxatie, ontspanning
pozzo di alleggerimento,
pozzo ausiliario
poo de alivio
ontlastbronnen
carichi ripetuti
carga repetida
herhaalde belasting
sforzo residuo
tenso residual
restspanning, residuele
spanning
resina
resina
momento de resistenza
momento resistente
tegenwerkend moment
frequenza di risonanza
frequencia de ressonancia
resonantiefrequentie
muro de suporte
keerwand, keermuur
additivo ritardante
agente retardador
vertrager
fondazione rigida
fundao rigida
stijve fundering
muro rigido
stijve wand
fondazione subacquea in
pietrame alla rinfusa
enrocamento de proteco
steenaanvulling
roccia
rocha
rots, gesteente
ancoragem em rocha
rotsanker
chumbadoros em rocha
rotsanker
enrocamento
steenaanvulling
haste
stang, staaf
perforazione a rotazione
roratyboring
rotazione
linea di pali, fila di pali
rotao
alinhamento de estacas
draaiing, rotatie
palenrij
deflusso
rottura
escoamento
ruptura, rotura
afschot
breuk, scheur
carico ammissibile
carga de segurana
toelaatbare belasting
fattore di sicurezza
coeficiente de segurana
veiligheidsfactor
perforazione a
rotopercussione
rotary-slagboring
sali
campione
sais
amostra
zouten
monster, monstername
monsterverstoring
cucchiaia campionatrice
monsterlepel
sabbia
areia
zand
dreni in sabbia
drenos de areia
zanddrain
palo in sabbia
terreno saturo
estaca de areia
solo saturado
zandpaal
bilancia
scarificatore
escala
escarificador
schaal
scarpata
escarpa
verhang
erosione superficiale,
scalzamento
infra-escavao
uitspoelen
ruspa
scraper
scraper
monsternameboor
peneiro
zeef
pali ad elica
estaca de rosca
schroefpaal
nivel do mar
zeeniveau, zeespeigel
havendam
sigillatura, sbarramento
selar
afdichten
effetto stagionale
efeito sazonal
seizoeneffect
compressione secondaria,
cedimento secondario
compressao secundaria
secundaire druk(belasting)
sezione
roccia sedimentaria
suco
rocha sedimentar
doorsnede
sedimentgesteente
filtrazione
percolao
flusso di filtrazione
fluxo de percolao
progetto sismico
projecto sismico
seismisch ontwerp
velocit sismica
velocidade sismica
seismische snelheid
sismometro
sismometro
seismometer
calda autoendurecida
zelfhardende slurry
peso proprio
peso prprio
eigen gewicht
argilla sensitiva
argila sensitiva
gevoelige klei
sensore
sensor
sensor
successione di strati,
sequenza di strati
sequencia de estratos ou
camadas
laagvolgorde
messa a punto
presa (materiais)
opstijving, verharding
cedimento
assentamento
zetting
anlise de assentamentos
zettingsanalyse
curva di cedimento
curva de assentamentos
zettingskromme
piano di assestamento
zettingsplaat
fogna
riolering
poo
dimetro do fuste
schacht
paaldoorsnede,
paaldiameter
schisto argilloso
taglio superficiale, scavo
superficiale
fondazione superficiale
xisto
trincheira pouco profunda
schiste
ondiepe ontgraving
fundao superficial
fundering op staal
forza di taglio
sollecitazione altaglio
esforo de corte
tenso de corte
schuifkracht
schuifspanning
prova di taglio
resistenza al taglio, taglio
ensaio de corte
resistencia ao corte
schuifproef
shuifsterkte
diaframma di palancole
corta-aguas em estacasdamwandscherm
pranchas
cortina de estacas-pranchas damwand
muro di palancole,
palancolata
estaca-prancha
keerwand
puntellamento
escoramento
afschoring, stempeling
calcestruzzo proiettato,
calcestruzzo spruzzato
beto projectado
spuitbeton
p
contraco, retraco
shovel
krimp
attrito laterale
atrito lateral
plaatselijke wrijving
zeefanalyse
silice
silt, limo
silica
silte
silica
silt
local da obra
bouwplaats (flemish:
werf)
indagine in sito
estudo no local
bouwplaatsonderzoek
resistenza all'attrito
atrito superficial
schachtwrijving
soletta
laje
plaat, strook
argilloscisto, ardesia
ardosia
specchio di faglia
scivolo, piano inclinato,
frana
espelho de falha
escorregamento
glijdschacht
afglijden
scorrimento
deslizamento
glijden
superficie di scorrimento
superficie de deslizamento
glijdvlak
scarpata, pendenza
talude
helling
rotura de talude
proteco de talude
fessura apertura
ranhura
paneel
cedimento, scivolamento,
frana, abbassamento
assentamento
slump
fango, miscela
slurry, betonietspoeling
muro bentonitico
slurrywand
solo brando
slappe grond
solo-cimento
grond-cement
caracteristicas do solo
grondeigenschappen
prospeco
grondonderzoek
grondmechanica
humidade do solo
grondvochtigheid
particula de solo
gronddeeltje
profilo stratigrafico
perfil do solo
bodemprofiel
estabilizaao de um solo
grondstabilisatie
trave d'armatura
escoras verticais
berlinaise
elementos verticais de
escoramento
Berliner wand
carotaggio sonico
inspeco snica
ultrasonore controle op
paalschacht
prova sonica
ensaio snico
scandaglio
sondagem
(ultra-)sonore,
akoestische test
sondering
distanziatore
espaador
afstandhouder
interasse, distanza
portata, arco
peso specifico
espaamento
vo
peso especifico
afstand
overspanning
specifiek gewicht
specifica
especificao
specificatie
provino, campione
provete, amostra
proefmonster
limpadeira de fenda
pulsmonster-lepel
Lepelsonde
fondazioni estese,
fondazione superficiale
ensoleiramento
fundering-op-staal
molla, sorgente
ressurgencia, nascente
bron
stabilit
estabilidade
stabiliteit
sospensione stabile
suspenso estvel
stabiele suspensie
costruzione a fasi
gefaseerde bouw
norme
normas
normen, richtlijnen
tubo vertical
standpijp
statische proefbelasting
statische proefbelasting
martelo a vapor
stoomblok, stoomheiblok
acciaio
ao
staal
palo in acciaio
estaca de ao
stalen paal
stijve klei
rigidezza
rigidez
stijfheid
staffe
pietra, sasso
estribos, cintas
pedra
beugel
steen
deformazione
deformao
rek
indicatore di deformazione
extensometro
rekmeter
strato
forza, resistenza
estrato, camada
resistencia
laag
sterkte
sforzo, sollecitazione
tenso, esforo
spanning
spanningsconcentratie
spanningsverdeling
distribuio de tensoes
spannings-rek-curve
fondazione a strisce
(nastriforme)
fundao contnua
strookfundering
danno strutturale
dano estrutural
struttura
estrutura
constructieve
(bouw-)schade
constructie, bouwwerk
diagonale, puntello,
contrasto rigido
escora
diagonale, puntello,
contrasto rigido
sottosuolo, sottofondo
escora
stempel
subleito
ondergrond
subsidenza
subsidencia
bodemzakking, zetting
sottosuolo
subsolo
esplorazione del sottosuolo prospeco do subsolo
ondergrond
grondonderzoek
sotterraneo, sotto la
superficie
subsolo
onder het
bodemoppervlak
aspirazione
test d'idoneit
pozzo collettore
suco
ensaio de controlo
fossa
aanzuigen
geschiktheidstest
pompput
supporto
apoio
support, ondersteuning
fluido di supporto
fluido de escavao
steunvloeistof
sovraccarico
sobrecarga
voorbelasting
forza superficiale
fora de superficie
oppervlaktekracht
onda superficiale
perizia
onda superficial
levantamentos
oppervlaktegolf
uitzetten, landmeten
sospensione
suspenso
suspensie
test di sistema
sistema de ensaio
systeemtest
cisterna
tanque
tank, container
temperatura
ancoraggio temporaneo
temperatura
ancoragem provisria
temperatuur
tijdelijk anker
trefolo
armadura
verankering
verankeringslengte
vrije ankerlengte
forza di trazione
resistenza a trazione
fora de traco
resistencia traco
trekkracht
treksterkte
sforzo di trazione
tensao de traco
trekspanning
tensione
tenso
trek
tensione di spaccatura,
zona di frattura
fenda de traco
trekscheur
palo a trazione
accino in tensione
estaca traco
ao traccionado
trekpaal
trekstaal
depositi terrazzati
depositos em terracos
terrasafzetting
prova
ensaiar
test, proef
carico di prova
carico di prova
test sul micropalo
carga de ensaio
carga de ensaio
microestaca de ensaio
proefbelasting
estaca de ensaio
testpaal
procedimento de ensaio
testprocedure
macchina di prova
maquina de ensaio
testapparaat
tessitura
textura
bodemstructuur, textuur
teoria
propriet termali
teoria
propriedades termicas
theorie
thermische
eigenschappen
proefmicropaal
dunwandig
monsternameapparaat
tissotropia
tioxtropia
thixotropie
marea
tiranti
mars
tirante ancorado
getijden
verankering
tirante
trekstang
chiuso, a tenuta
inclinometro
palo in legno
inclinometro
estaca de madeira
hellingsmeter
houten paal
tijd-zakkings-curve
ponta de estaca
paalpunt
rottura al piede
paalpuntbezwijken
terreno superficiale
terra vegetal
toplaag
torsione
torso
torsie, wringing
trasduttore
transductor, manmetro
transducer
zona di transizione
zona de transio
overgangszone
calcestruzzo gettato
contubo getto
betonagem submersa
onderwaterbeton
trincea
trincheira, vala
paneel
microplai prova
microestaca de ensaio
proefmicropaal
pali prova
estaca de ensaio
proefpaal
driehoekige
belastingsverdeling
apparecchiatura triassiale
aparelho triaxial
triaxiaalapparaat
cella triassiale
camara triaxial
prova di compressione
triassiale
ensaio de compressao
triaxial
triaxiaalproef
tubo valvolato
tubo de manchettes
manchetbuis
tweedimensionaal
belaste plaat
resistenza al carico di
rottura, capacita portante
limite
carga de rotura
grensspanningsbelasting
carga de rotura
grenslast (flemish:
breuklast)
resistenza alla
compressione semplice
resistencia compresso
simples
subterraneo
ondergrond
sottomurazione
reforo de fundao
funderingsherstel
palo alesato
sottofiltrazione, filtrazione
dal fondo
subacqueo
infiltrao
infiltratie
subaquatico
onderwater
campione indisturbato
amostra intacta
ongeroerd monster
classificao unificada de
solos
uniforme
bodemklassering
coefficiente di uniformit
terreno uniformemente
gradato
solo uniformemente
graduado
peso unitario
baridade
sollevamento
subpresso
opdrijvingsdruk
pali a trazione
pressione di sollevamento
estacas de traco
subpresses
trekpaal
opdrijvingsdruk
vuoto
vacuo
onderdruk, vacum
apparecchiatura vane,
scissometro
trado-molinete
vanetest-apparaat
agille a varve
argila estratificada
estensimetro a corda
vibrante
extensometro de corda
vibrante
trillingsmeter
vibrazione
vibrao
trillingen
infissione a vibrazione
cravao vibratoria de
estaca
palen intrillen
vibroflottazione
vibroflutuao
vibroflotation
curva di compressione
vergine
viscosit
ispezione visiva
viscosidade
exame visual
vuoto, poro
vazio
viscociteit
visuele inspectie, visueel
onderzoek
holle ruimte, porin
indice de vazios
poringetal
vulcano
volume
vulco
volume
vulkaan
volume, inhoud
volumeverandering
trave orizzontale
cinta, longarina
gording
attrito terra-muro
acqua di lavaggio
gua de injeco
foro di lavaggio , sondaggio sondagem por injeco
a circolazione d'acqua
spoelwater
spoelboring
contenuto d'acqua
teor de humidade
watergehalte
grondwaterfluctuatie
rapporto acqua-cemento
relaao agua-cimento
water-cement-factor
acquifero
rapporto acqua-cemento
aquifero
relaao gua-cimento
watervoerend
livello dell'acqua
nivel de gua
waterstand
a tenuta d'acqua,
impermeabile
impermevel
waterdicht
onda
onda, vaga
golf
lunghezza d'onda
comprimento de onda
golglengte
velocit d'onda
velocidade de onda
golfsnelheid
solo brando
verwering
cuneo
incuneamento
cunha
travamento
wig
wiggen
foro di sfogo
ontwateringsgat
perdita di peso
pozzo
pozzo rivestito
perda de peso
poo
revestimento (de um poo)
gewichtsverlies
bronnen
bronbuis
well point
furo de drenagem
bronnering
bronfilter
banchina, pontile
legno
palo in legno
conservanti per legno
madeira
estaca de madeira
preservativos para madeira
hout
houten paal
houtconservering
lavorabilit
praticabilidade,
trabalhabilidade
verwerkbaarheid
piano di lavoro
nivel de trabalho
werkniveau
micropalo di lavoro
microestaca de fundao
micropaal
palo di lavoro
microestaca de fundao
funderingspaal
raggi-x
resa, rendimento,
snervamento
raios-x
fluencia, escoamento,
cedencia
rntgenstralen
elasticiteitsgrens
limite di snervamento
Strekgrens
tensione snervamento
limite aparente de
elasticidade
tenso de cedncia
modulo di Young
mdulo de Young
elasticiteitsmodulus
punto zero
zinco
zona di saturazione
capillare
zona di saturazione
capillare
ponto zero
zinco
zona de saturao capilar
nulpunt
zink
elasticiteitsgrens
zona di filtrazione
zona de escoamento
doorstromingszone
zona di rigonfiamento
zona de empolamento
zwelbereik, zwelzone
mof
RUSSIAN