Hope Riparian Restoration Project Summary

City of Athens Owner

Athens, Ohio
Delineation and Site Evaluation offered by:
Gary Conley
Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
Abigail King
School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio

Photo by G. Conley

Proposed Hope Riparian Restoration Project Plan

In August, 2013 the City of Athens purchased an 11.2 acre agricultural property from the Hope
Family using Clean Ohio Conservation Funds with the intention to restore and preserve the
functional floodplain wetland and riparian habitat, provide public recreational space, and continue
efforts to connect city residents to alternative transportation options as part of a comprehensive
strategic plan. The proposed project site is located within the City of Athens in Athens County,
Ohio (Figure 1). The site is located at latitude 39 19 59.07 N and longitude 82 7 40.38 W
along the Hocking River just north of the confluence with Margaret Creek and adjacent to Armitage
Rd and State Route 682 (Figure 2).

Figure 1. City of Athens in Athens County, Ohio (Ohio Univ., 2014)

Hope Parcel

OH 56

OH 682
682

Figure 2. Athens Restoration Wetland Site and its proximity to Athens, Ohio (USGS, NM 2013)

Physical Characteristics of the Project Site

The project site locating in the Western Allegheny Plateau ecoregion, comprises an 11.2 acre area
adjacent to the Hocking River (Figure 3) in Section 22 of Athens Township. The riparian floodplain
site is characterized by a gently sloping (0-3%) overall concave relief. Chagrin silt loam is the
dominant soil type indicating frequent flooding by the Hocking River. The City of Athens has
undertaken a project to extend an existing bikepath to communities on the project side of the
Hocking River and to restore a previously exempted agricultural wetland to a functional riparian
wetland habitat and recreational space. An unnamed intermittent feeder stream and wetland were
channelized and tile drained prior to 1985 for agricultural purposes, primarily for hay production.

The clay tile drainage system, installed prior to 1985, moves water from the end of the channelized
stream and the lowest portion of the former wetland depression using 6 inch clay tiles (Figure 4).
The clay tiles, located approximately 32 inches below the surface, wye together to move the water
through one tile to the river bank. Over time the tiles have been undercut by the river flow and
formed a head cut that continues to migrate away from the bank. As the head cut has evolved, the
tiles have begun to drop out (Figure 5). These facts have caused the drainage system to slowly begin
to fail, increasing the time water inundates the remnant wetland depression.

Figure 3. Hope parcel to be used for riparian restoration and bikepath expansion (OU, 2014)

Figure 4. Project area showing 1) stream outflow, 2 and 3) clay tile inflows, 4) tile wye, 5) outflow to river (OU, 2014)

Figure 5. Head cut formed in bank of the Hocking River by erosion undercutting clay drainage tiles

The current land use/land cover data for the area is identified as agricultural and developed
residential, though no dwellings lie within the project boundary. Figure 6 below shows the
distribution of each land use in the project area. The West State Street Park, an Athens City park
with canoe access point (Figure 7), is located on the opposite bank of the Hocking River. Currently
the project area serves to hold some water from over surface flow from a drainage area of
approximately 0.75 square miles (480 acres) of surrounding land (Google Earth Pro 2013). The
surficial conditions resulting from the past agricultural uses, the topography of the surrounding land,
and a clay tile drainage system does not allow water to reach the river directly, but falls back into
the middle portion of the area, marked by the soil staining and furrowed contours.

Agricultural, Pasture

Developed, Residential

Taken from the MultiResolution Land

Characteristics Consortium
(MRLC), National Land
Cover Database, USGS

Figure 6. Land Use/Land Cover for Area of Interest (USGS, MRLC 2013)

Figure 7. Canoe access to West State Street Park on opposite bank (photo by G. Conley)

Wetland information provided by the National Wetland Inventory indicates a 2.84 acre persistent
palustrine emergent wetland (Figure 8) that demonstrates a temporary flooded water regime,
labelled as PEM1A. The entire extent of the current wetland area does not exhibit all criteria
necessary for wetland classification. However, a recent survey of the site for delineation purposes
finds that an area of only 1.14 acres exhibit all required wetland criteria. The survey also finds that
major alterations to the hydrology and vegetation community have reduced the overall extent of
historic and potential wetland habitat. Only one (1) year after the cessation of agricultural activity
on the site, the plant biodiversity has increased markedly in richness and quality.

Figure 8. National Wetland Inventory Map, showing area of interest (USFWS 2013)

Preliminary Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) on the site has provided promising results
in terms of species present at the site already. Promising plants that were found on the site include:
water willow (C of C= 9) (Justica america) and button bush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) along the
river bank and riparian edge. Inside the wetland site, numerous sedges (Carexsp.), knotweeds,
(Polgonum sp.), and water pimpernel (C of C= 4) (Samolus valerandi) were found (USDA Plant
Database 2013). However, also discovered at the site were adventive species like poison hemlock
(Conium maculatum), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) and reed canary grass (Phalaris
arundinacaea). Johnson grass is highly invasive species, listed as Category 1, by the U.S. Forest
Service (2013). Mechanical and chemical controls as well as water inundation techniques will be
explored to extirpate this noxious species.

Historical data of flooding in Athens goes back as far as 1907, where the crest of the Hocking River
was 27.40 ft at river mile 31.62 (Hocking Conservancy District, 2013). Consistent flooding
prompted a channelization plan for the Hocking River around downtown Athens, Ohio. In Figures
9a and 9b below, a flooded Penden Stadium in 1968 and the subsequent Hocking River channel
construction near The Convocation Center at Ohio University in 1970.

Penden Stadium, Athens, Ohio 1968, Hocking Conservancy District photo 2013

Figure 9a, Peden Stadium in 1968 flood event; 9b The Convocation Center in floodwaters in 1970

The soils present in the area are classified as moderate hydric, specifically Chagrin silt loam which
is frequently flooded and comprises 43.4% of the land area (Table 1, Figure 10). Chagrin silt loam
is a flood frequent soil that has a parent material of fine loamy alluvium. This soil type has a high
Ksat value, showing that the soil has a high permeability of water. The hydrologic soil group for
Chagrin silt loam is group B, having a moderate infiltration rate with fine to course textures. The
second type of soil comprising the higher sloped (3% to 5%) area of interest is a Licking silt loam,
totaling 22.0% of the land area (Table 1, Figure 10). Licking silt loam has 10% calcium carbonate

composition and Ksat value of moderately low to moderately high. This soil formation is found in
the upper slope above the wetland site and the drainage to the wetland from surface flow. This soil
type will be consistent with a drainage area and keep water from the surrounding land moving
toward wetland.
Table 1. Wetland site soil profile description (National Cooperative Soil Survey 2013)
Soil Type
Chagrin silt
loam
Licking silt
loam

Soil

Hydrologic

% Organic

Soil

Symbol

Type

Matter

Texture

Cg

43.4%

Silt Loam

LkB

22.0%

Silt Loam

Drainage Class

Permeability
(Ksat)

Well Drained

High

Moderately

Mod. low to

Well Drained

mod. high

Figure 10. Wetland Restoration Soil Type Map (National Cooperative Soil Survey 2013)

The watershed of the wetland restoration area lies within the Hocking River watershed, which
drains 1,196 square miles of forest and agricultural lands through seven counties in southeastern
Ohio (Ohio EPA 2009). This wetlands drainage area consists of approximately 0.75 square miles
(480 acres) of developed and agricultural land in the surrounding sloping western hills (Figure 11).
The wetland will have addition inputs from impervious surface of Armitage Rd., St. Rt 682, the
active Norfolk Southern Corp. railroad (ODOT 2012), and the University Estates development.
Natural inputs to the wetland hydrology include precipitation, some groundwater sources, stream
flow and floodwaters from Margaret Creek and the Hocking River (Figure 12).

Figure 11. Wetland Drainage Map (USGS, NM 2013)

Figure 12. Flood Hazard Map (USGS, NM 2013)

The Hocking Rivers annual discharge is shown in the graph below (Figure 13), ranging between
15,000 ft3/sec in April of 2011 to 50 ft3/sec in October 2012 (USGS, NWIS 2013). The variability
of the Hocking Rivers discharge will be taken into account for the wetlands seasonal inputs. The
site design will allow floodwaters to enter the wetland area through the weir, culverts, and
overtopping the bikeway. Floodwaters can be retained in the wetland and slowly released back to
the primary channel as floodwaters recede.

Figure 13. Hocking River Discharge from January 2009 to January 2013 (USGS, NWIS 2013)

Site Selection and Justification

The City intends to construct a bikepath extension on this property to connect Armitage Road to the
existing bikeway and local communities utilizing a bikeway spur that was completed in 2012. The
converted railroad bridge crossing the Hocking River was adapted to bicycle traffic as part of a
prior phase of this work. The trail extension also enables future expansion efforts of the
Hockhocking-Adena bikeway toward an eventual connection with the Moonville Rail Trail.

The extension of the bikepath in this area also allows connectivity between schools and the riparian
area, opening the opportunity for educational programs with local schools. Since the bikepath would
meet accessibility requirements, it would be feasible to permit field trips for local school children to
learn about floodplains, riparian areas, and restoration of natural systems. The City is also
coordinating with the Ohio University Environmental Studies Program and the Voinovich School of
Leadership to collaborate on a riparian restoration/wetland restoration monitoring program. The
sites could also be used as Ohio University field ecology, herpetology, or ornithology study sites or
as field stops during class field trips.

The site selected for this project is located on a frequently flooded riparian corridor of the Hocking
River. The development of this wetland may lessen the floodwater load experienced during flood
events and reduce the impact on other areas such as the West State Street Park and other downtown
features. The history of the Hocking River and its channelization through the City of Athens
warrants efforts to create more riparian and wetland areas to compensate for habitat loss. The
placement of this wetland allows for additional opportunities for recreation through the restoration
wetland, the Hocking River bank, and adjoining natural areas. The HockHocking Adena Trails
Bikepath (Figure 14) structure will be used to impound all available water sources flowing into the
project site in order to restore the historic wetland form and function and to provide additional
educational and recreational opportunities.

The riparian area will be replanted using methods outlined in the Ohio Department of Natural
Resources' Ohio Stream Management Guide. Restoration of the streamside forest along the Hocking
River would facilitate the removal of pollutants during periods of flooding, reduce water
temperatures of river water habitat by increasing shading, and reduce streamside erosion. Since this
parcel has been farmed in the recent past, restoring the natural state of the property will include
eliminating the agricultural use and hydrologic controls from the site.

Proposed
Wetland Site

Figure 14. Hock Hocking Adena Bikeway (2013), with addition of proposed wetland

The restoration of the wetland would allow the recovery of an aquatic biological community,
improve water quality, increase habitat protection and positively impact several native Ohio
amphibian species: American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus), Eastern Spadefoot Toad (Scaphiopus
holbrooki) an Endangered species in the state of Ohio, Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens),
Pickerel Frog (Lithobates palustris), Northern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata), and the
Northern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus fuscus). Additionally, an increase of migratory birds
and variety of plant species in this area is expected, and once the riparian and wetland areas are
restored. The cover photo taken the spring of 2014 after heavy rainfall inundated the site includes
12 or more mating pairs of ducks and 100 or more Canada geese visiting the open water habitat.
This image illustrates the high degree of potential this site holds for restoration and the rate in which
recovery may take place.

There are several potential drawbacks of this site which lie under the ground of the site. There is a
high pressure gas line and a 30-foot right-of-way running parallel with the Hocking River (red
parallel line, Figure 15). This line cannot be moved or rerouted around the site, so precautions and
innovative actions need to be taken to include these into the site plan. A City-maintained water line
runs along the river bank and along the northern edge parallel Armitage Rd. A City-maintained
sewer line is present on the southern edge of the site running alongside and then under the
abandoned railroad embankment.

Figure 15. Gas, Water, and Sewer service line locations (Ohio Univ, 2014)

Wetland Characterization and Delineation

The existing wetland on this site has persisted in one or more required attributes despite the high
degree of repeated and long-term disturbance. However, the area of wetland that demonstrates all
three required attributes amounts only to 1.14 acres (Figure 16). The site was evaluated on several
occasions prior to sampling on June 23, 2014. Sampling revealed under normal circumstances a
highly disturbed vegetational community within the wetland. The plant community within the
wetland demonstrated a clear prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation, while the transitional and
upland plant communities were much less so and dominated by adventive species.

Figure 16. Wetland delineation per USACE 1987 Manual and sample plot locations (Ohio Univ, 2014)

Field sampling of the wetland area for the purposes of informing the creation of a valid US ACE
delineation was accomplished using four (4) plots (Figure 16). Each of the plots was located in
areas demonstrating marked differences in vegetational composition and/or structure. The Wetland
Determination Data Forms for each plot are presented in Appendix A of this report. Plot H1A was
located on the highest wetland ground with apparently precipitation and surface runoff water
sources, as well as a probable groundwater source. The plot is characterized by minor standing
water, numerous and dominant Carex sp., and a noticeable hydrogen sulfide odor emitting from the
loamy gleyed soil. Plot H2A located about 120 feet east of H1A in an area abutting the abandoned
railroad bed, showed fairly good wetland hydrology and hydric soil indicators, but lacked enough
hydrophytic vegetation to be included within the delineation boundary. Plot H3A was located in the
low area of the riparian depression that was likely an abandoned oxbow of the Hocking channel.
This plot demonstrated abundant signs of wetland hydrology from frequent inundation of the poorly
functioning agricultural drains on site. The vegetation was determined to be hydrophytic using the
prevalence index, despite the presences of a number of upland adventive species. The final plot
H4A was included to characterize the upland vegetation in this highly disturbed site. The vegetation
was dominated by dogbane, poison hemlock, and hay species. The soil revealed one primary hydric
indicator but no other qualifying vegetation or hydrology attributes were discovered.
The wetland delineation provided the basis for planning and development of the bikepath and site
restoration. Figure 17 shows the current site plan for constructing the bikepath, returning water to
the restoration wetland area, development of the public access area, and conveyance of water from
the restoration wetland to the river system. The wetland area recognized by this delineation will
experience no further disturbance during this process. Once excavation of the bikepath dike and
construction of the weir are completed, the weir structure will be closed to allow source waters to
inundate the site to a maximum depth of 3 feet. The maximum water depth will be maintained until
sufficient time has passes to eliminate the existing adventive vegetation. Once this occurs, the water
level will be lowered to allow for reestablishment of native vegetation and for planting herbaceous
and woody stock. Water levels will be maintained throughout the growing season by controlling the
weir outflow to maximize hydrophytic vegetation cover over the restoration area.

Figure 17. Site project plan to install the bikepath extension and wetland restoration (Ohio Univ, 2014)

A conceptual wetland design was developed based on the proposed water depths and desired plant
communities (zones 1 3) to assist with planning the final project layout and planting guide (Figure
18). The hydrological planting zones are characterized in Table 2, including the typical hydroperiod
and water depth to assist in planting guidance. Table 3 offers plant species associated with each of
the planting zones to further assist with planting choices. Zones 4 and 5 are not illustrated in Figure
18, however these zones occur outside of the emergent zone (zone 3) and will be planted according
to the recommendations.

Figure 18. Conceptual resultant wetland plant communities (Ohio Univ, 2014)

Table 2. Hydrological planting zones

Plant
Community

Zone

Aquatic and
Shallow
Aquatic
Marsh

Emergent

Bottomland
Hardwoods

Riparian Forest

Dominant Vegetation likely

supported in this hydrologic
regime

Water / Saturation
Depth

Submergent rooted and floating

leaved herbs; cow lily, lotus,
waterweed, etc.
Emergent standing water
hydrophytes; cattail, bur-reed,
arrowhead, etc.

Stage-Duration
(days during
growing season)

>1 to < 3 feet depth

above surface

>/= 150 days

0-1 foot depth above

surface

>/= 100 days

Emergent moist soil to standing

water hydrophytes; Sedges,
rushes, many low and tall herbs
and graminoids, etc.

Saturated soil from

within 1.5 feet below
the soil surface to 1.5
feet above surface
inundation

>/= 60 days

Wet hydrophytic trees; willow,

pin oak, elm, silver maple, green
ash, boxelder, sycamore, etc.

0.5 feet above

inundated surface to
1.5 feet below soil
surface

>/= 30 days

Mesic hydrophytic trees;

hackberry, swamp white oak,
cottonwood, red maple,
bitternut hickory; etc.

1.5 feet above

inundated surface to
2.5 feet below soil
surface

>/= 30 days

Table 3. Suggested species list for planting within each zone

WOODY SPECIES PLANTING

Species

Author

Common Name

Hydrologic Zone

Acer negundo

L.

boxelder

Acer rubrum

L.

red maple

4, 5

Acer saccharinum

L.

silver maple

Cephalanthus occidentalis

L.

buttonbush

Platanus occidentalis

L.

American sycamore

Quercus palustris

Mnchh.

pin oak

3, 4

Ulmus americana

L.

American elm

3, 4

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Marsh.

green ash

3, 4

Quercus bicolor

Willd.

swamp white oak

4, 5

Black willow

3, 4
4, 5

Salix Nigra
Carya ovata

(Mill.) K. Koch

shagbark hickory

Celtis occidentalis

L.

common hackberry

Juglans nigra

L.

black walnut

Populus deltoides

Bartram ex Marsh.

eastern cottonwood

3, 4, 5

Betula nigra

L.

river Birch

3, 4, 5

Alnus serrulata

(Aiton) Willd.

smooth alder

2, 3

POTENTIAL HERBACEOUS SPECIES PLANTING & SEEDING

Species

Author

Common Name

Hydrologic
Zone

Acorus americanus

(Raf.) Raf.

sweet flag

Agrimonia gryposepala

Wallr.

tall hairy agrimony

Alisma subcordatum

Raf.

American water plantain

Andropogon gerardii

Vitman

big bluestem

4, 5

Apios americana

Medik.

groundnut

3, 4

Apocynum cannabinum

L.

Indianhemp

Argentina anserina

(L.) Rydb.

silverweed cinquefoil

Arisaema dracontium

(L.) Schott

green dragon

3, 4

Arisaema triphyllum

(L.) Schott

Jack in the pulpit

3, 4

Asclepias incarnata

L.

swamp milkweed

3, 4

Asclepias speciosa

Torr.

showy milkweed

Bidens aristosa

(Michx.) Britton

bearded beggarticks

Bidens cernua

L.

nodding beggartick

Bidens frondosa

L.

devil's beggartick

Boehmeria cylindrica

(L.) Sw.

smallspike false nettle

Carex aquatilis

Wahlenb.

water sedge

Carex bebbii

Olney ex Fernald

Bebb's sedge

Carex blanda

Dewey

eastern woodland sedge

Carex cephalophora

Muhl. ex Willd.

oval-leaf sedge

Carex crinita

Lam.

fringed sedge

Carex cristatella

Britton

crested sedge

3, 4

Carex hystericina

Muhl. ex Willd.

bottlebrush sedge

Carex interior

L.H. Bailey

inland sedge

3, 4

Carex intumescens

Rudge

greater bladder sedge

3, 4

Carex laevivaginata

(Kk.) Mack.

smoothsheath sedge

3, 4

Carex lupuliformis

Sartwell ex Dewey

false hop sedge

Carex lupulina

Muhl. ex Willd.

hop sedge

2, 3

Carex lurida

Wahlenb.

shallow sedge

3, 4

Carex scoparia

Schkuhr ex Willd.

broom sedge

3, 4

Carex squarrosa

L.

squarrose sedge

3, 4

Carex stipata

Muhl. ex Willd.

awlfruit sedge

3, 4

Carex stricta

Lam.

upright sedge

3, 4

Carex tribuloides

Wahlenb.

blunt broom sedge

3, 4

Carex typhina

Michx.

cattail sedge

3, 4

Carex vulpinoidea

Michx.

fox sedge

3, 4

Carex woodii

Dewey

pretty sedge

3, 4

Chelone glabra

L.

white turtlehead

3, 4

Cicuta maculata

L.

spotted water hemlock

3, 4

Coreopsis lanceolata

L.

lanceleaf tickseed

4, 5

Cyperus strigosus

L.

strawcolored flatsedge

Desmodium canadense

(L.) DC.

showy ticktrefoil

Dichanthelium clandestinum

(L.) Gould

deertongue

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4, 5
5
3, 4

Eleocharis acicularis

(L.) Roem. & Schult.

needle spikerush

2, 3, 4

Eleocharis engelmannii

Steud.

Engelmann's spikerush

2, 3, 4

Eleocharis obtusa

(Willd.) Schult.

blunt spikerush

2, 3, 4

Eleocharis palustris

(L.) Roem. & Schult.

common spikerush

2, 3, 4

Elodea canadensis

Michx.

Canadian waterweed

1, 2

Elymus canadensis

L.

Canada wildrye

3, 4

Elymus riparius

Wiegand

riverbank wildrye

3, 4

Epilobium coloratum

Biehler

purpleleaf willowherb

3, 4

Eupatorium perfoliatum

L.

common boneset

3, 4

Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum

L.

sweetscented joe pye weed

3, 4

Euthamia graminifolia

(L.) Nutt.

flat-top goldentop

3, 4

Glyceria striata

(Lam.) Hitchc.

fowl mannagrass

3, 4

Helianthus annuus

L.

common sunflower

Helianthus giganteus

L.

giant sunflower

Heracleum maximum

Bartram

common cowparsnip

3, 4

Juncus acuminatus

Michx.

tapertip rush

3, 4

Juncus bufonius

L.

toad rush

3, 4

Juncus canadensis

J. Gay ex Laharpe

Canadian rush

3, 4

Juncus effusus

L.

common rush

3, 4

Juncus interior

Wiegand

inland rush

3, 4

Juncus tenuis

Willd.

poverty rush

Leersia oryzoides

(L.) Sw.

rice cutgrass

2, 3

Lobelia cardinalis

L.

cardinalflower

3, 4

Lobelia siphilitica

L.

great blue lobelia

4, 5

Mimulus ringens

L.

Allegheny monkeyflower

3, 4

Mirabilis nyctaginea

(Michx.) MacMill.

heartleaf four o'clock

Monarda fistulosa

L.

wild bergamot

Nelumbo lutea

Willd.

American lotus

Nuphar lutea

(L.) Sm.

yellow pond-lily

Nymphaea odorata

Aiton

American white waterlily

Panicum capillare

L.

witchgrass

Panicum dichotomiflorum

Michx.

fall panicgrass

Panicum virgatum

L.

switchgrass

Penthorum sedoides

L.

ditch stonecrop

3, 4

Poa palustris

L.

fowl bluegrass

3, 4

Polygonum amphibium

L.

water knotweed

Polygonum cespitosum

Blume, nom. inq.

Oriental lady's thumb

3, 4

Polygonum hydropiper

L.

marshpepper knotweed

3, 4

Polygonum hydropiperoides

Michx.

swamp smartweed

3, 4

Polygonum lapathifolium

L.

curlytop knotweed

3, 4

Polygonum pensylvanicum

L.

Pennsylvania smartweed

2, 3

Polygonum sagittatum

L.

arrowleaf tearthumb

3, 4

Potamogeton crispus

L.

curly pondweed

Potamogeton natans

L.

floating pondweed

Potentilla argentea

L.

silver cinquefoil

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium

Schrad.

narrowleaf mountainmint

Rudbeckia hirta

L.

blackeyed Susan

Rudbeckia laciniata

L.

cutleaf coneflower

Ruellia humilis

Nutt.

fringeleaf wild petunia

Sagittaria latifolia

Willd.

broadleaf arrowhead

1, 2, 3

Schizachyrium scoparium

(Michx.) Nash

little bluestem

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani

(C.C. Gmel.) Palla

softstem bulrush

Scirpus atrovirens

Willd.

green bulrush

Scirpus cyperinus

(L.) Kunth

woolgrass

Sicyos angulatus

L.

oneseed bur cucumber

Silphium perfoliatum

L.

cup plant

Sisyrinchium angustifolium

Mill.

narrowleaf blue-eyed grass

Sium suave

Walter

hemlock waterparsnip

Solidago altissima

L.

Canada goldenrod

Solidago canadensis

L.

Canada goldenrod

Solidago gigantea

Aiton

giant goldenrod

Sorghastrum nutans

(L.) Nash

Indiangrass

Sparganium americanum

Nutt.

American bur-reed

1, 2, 3

Sparganium eurycarpum

Engelm.

broadfruit bur-reed

1, 2, 3

Strophostyles helvola
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp.
hesperium var. hesperium

(L.) Elliott

amberique-bean

(Willd.) G.L. Nesom

white panicle aster

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae

(L.) G.L. Nesom

New England aster

Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum

Symphyotrichum puniceum var.
puniceum

(Willd.) G.L. Nesom

hairy white oldfield aster

(L.) . Lve & D. Lve

purplestem aster

3, 4

Typha angustifolia

L.

narrowleaf cattail

1, 2, 3

Typha latifolia

L.

broadleaf cattail

1, 2, 3

Verbena hastata

L.

swamp verbena

2, 3

Verbena urticifolia

L.

white vervain

Verbesina alternifolia

(L.) Britton ex Kearney

wingstem

Vernonia gigantea

(Walter) Trel.

giant ironweed

Zizia aptera

(A. Gray) Fernald

meadow zizia

Zizia aurea

(L.) W.D.J. Koch

golden zizia

3, 4

5
1, 2 ,3
2, 3
2, 3
3, 4, 5

2, 3

References
Appalachia Ohio Alliance. 2013. 2012, Year-In-Review, Hocking river Conservation Corridor Initiative.
http://www.appalachiaohioalliance.org/
Google Earth Pro. 2013. Athens, Ohio
Hocking Conservancy District Website. 2013. http://www.hockingcd.org/
Hock Hocking Adena Bikeway, Pictoral Tour, mile 3.0 to 3.5. 2013
http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~xx200/bp/leg-main/mile-03.0-03.5/go-up.html
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http://www.dot.state.oh.us/maps/Pages/OhioRailMapRail.aspx
Ohio Division of Wildlife (ODNR), Wetland Habitat Management for Wildlife. 2013.
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Ohio EPA, Hocking River Watershed, Total Maximum Daily Loads report (TMDL). 2009.
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/dsw/tmdl/HockingRiver.aspx
National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). 2013. NRCS Web Soil Survey, Custom Soil Resources Report
for Athens County, Ohio.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Wetland Inventory. 2013.
http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Wetlands-Mapper.html
U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Sorghum halepense fact sheet. 2013.
http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/sorhal/all.html
U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS), Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC). 2013.
http://www.mrlc.gov/
U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS), National Water Information System (NWIS). 2013. Site 03159500 Hocking
River at Athens, Ohio. http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis
U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS), The National Map (NM), Hydrology and FEMA Flood Hazard Zones. 2013.
http://nationalmap.gov/
USDA Plant Database, National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). 2013. http://plants.usda.gov/java/