Interpretation of Results:

The experiment is all about cascaded amplifier. As defined, an amplifier

introduces gain in the circuit. It increases the amplitude of the input signal. A
cascaded amplifier is simply an amplifier connected to another amplifier. A
cascaded or multistage amplifier improves the overall gain of the circuit.
Each stage enhances the signal, thus, the signal becomes larger and larger
as it goes through several stages of a cascaded amplifier. The gain of a
cascaded amplifier is equivalent to the product of individual gains of each
amplifier stage.
Two amplifiers in cascade can be linked by different methods. First, the
direct-coupled amplifier. At this method, the output of the first amplifier is
immediately connected to the input of the next amplifier. Connecting several
direct-coupled amplifier will provide a large increase in the output voltage.
The next method is the RC-coupled amplifier. The concept of the RCcoupled amplifier is similar to that of the direct-coupled amplifier instead
that it uses a capacitor to connect the output of the first amplifier to the
input of the second amplifier. The main difference is that at DC condition,
then all capacitors are considered as an open circuit, thus the analysis of
each amplifier is isolated. Never the less, the voltage gain provided by the
RC-coupled amplifier is similar to that of the direct-coupled amplifier.
The last method is the transformer-coupled amplifier. The concept of a
transformer-coupled amplifier is to make use of a transformer to allow the
output of the first amplifier to pass through the primary winding and the
secondary winding will then be connected to the input of the next amplifier.
By the use transformer in cascading amplifiers, the input that will be
provided for the next amplifier can be altered depending upon the settings or
condition of the transformer.

CONCLUSION:
I therefore conclude that:

A cascaded or multistage amplifier improves the overall gain of the

circuit. Each stage enhances the signal, thus, the signal becomes
larger and larger as it goes through several stages of a cascaded
amplifier. The overall voltage gain of a cascaded amplifier is equal to
the product of individual gains of each amplifier stage or the ratio of
the output of the last amplifier to the input signal.

Ac signals can be linked between two amplifiers in cascade in three

possible methods namely the direct coupling, RC coupling and the
transformer coupling. In a direct coupling, the ac signal runs through a
wire. The output of the first amplifier is immediately connected to the
input of the secondary amplifier.

For the RC coupling, the output of the first amplifier passes through a
capacitor before being connected to the input of the second amplifier.
The voltage gain provided by the RC coupled amplifier is similar to the
voltage gain provided by the direct coupled amplifier. The main
difference between the two comes form DC analysis. All capacitors at
DC condition are considered as an open circuit, thus making the
calculation of every amplifier isolated from the other.

Another method is the transformer coupled amplifier. It makes use of a

transformer to connect the output of the first amplifier to the primary
winding and connect the secondary winding to the input of the next
amplifier. By using a transformer, the input signal received by the
succeeding amplifier can be altered, thus can also change the voltage
gain.

In addition, putting a load to the amplifier may cause the voltage gain
to decrease. This happens because the load has a resistance which

then limits the flow of current at the output. As a result, the output
voltage will change, thus, voltage gain is calculated as the output
voltage divided by the input voltage.

When there is a bypass capacitor connected to the cascaded amplifier,

the overall ac gain tends to increase. Since capacitor at ac condition is
shorted, the resistor connected in series with the capacitor will be
paralleled to the other resistor. Two resistors connected in parallel will
provide smaller resistance thus allowing easier flow of current and
stability in voltage gain.