COMPARATIVE ANATOMY LABORATORY

CO, TRICIA MAE C.

FERNANDEZ, GINO MIGUEL M.
REYES, PATRICIA KYLE Z.
VELOSO, GIAN MARLO L.
Shark. Turtle. Pigeon. (DRUC)
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Organs
Large brownish or grayish liver secretion of bile
Hepatic duct drains bile
Common bile duct - carry bile from the gallbladder
and empty it into the upper part of the small
intestine
Bile duct stalk of the liver outgrowth
Greenish gall bladder sac to store and
concentrate bile
Stomach spindle-shaped to sacciform
enlargement provided with enzyme and acidsecreting glands and a thick muscular wall of
smooth muscles

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Cardiac region region of the stomach next the

esophagus
Pyloric region leading into the intestine
Pylorus strong sphincter muscle
Proventriculus bears the gastric glands
Gizzard assist in grinding up the hard food
Small intestine absorption of nutrients and
minerals from food
Duodenum receives the ducts of the liver and
pancreas
Valvular intestine/ spiral valve increasing the
absorptive surface of the intestine
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Organs
Swim Bladder a large gas filled sac used for
buoyancy
Operculum also called the gill cover; used to
cover gills
Oral Valve a thin transverse membrane which
prevents water from flowing out of the mouth
during respiration
Lungs sacs with branching passages into which
air is drawn, where oxygen can pass into the
blood and carbon dioxide is removed
Oral Cavity also known as the mouth or buccal
cavity
Pharynx it filters, warms, and moistens air and
conducts it to the lungs
Nares nostrils
Laryngeal Prominence also called the Adams
Apple, it protects the walls of the larynx and the
vocal cords
Eustachian/Auditory Tube a canal that leads to
the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear

Trachea also known as windpipe, it connects

the pharynx and larynx to the lungs
Hyoid the bone in the neck that supports the
tongue
Larynx forms an air passage in the lungs and
holds the vocal chords
Bronchi an airway that conducts the air into the
lungs
Interclavicular Air Sac dorsal to the crop in the
angle formed by the 2 halves of the furcula is this
organ situated; consists of 2 lobes
Cervical Air Sac puncture the Interclavicular air
sac, and find dorsal to it on each side, this sac
Axillary Sac the sac between the pectoralis
major and minor
Posterior/Anterior Intermediate Air Sac lies on
each side of the heart, and inside the oblique
septum
Abdominal Air Sac on either side of the viscera
and slightly dorsal to them
Syrinx the point where the trachea forks into the
two bronchi; it is the expanded chamber
Pessulus a bony ridge that produces the voice
with the use of vibrations.
UROGENITAL SYSTEM

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Organs
Kidney filter waste products
Opisthonephrons functional kindney in
lampreys, fishes and amphibians
Urinary Bladder reservoir for urine

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Urogenital Ducts tubular structure for passage

of excretions or secretions
Cloaca outlet into which the intestinal, urinary,
and genital tracts open
Anus expulsion of feces
Adrenal Gland produce hormones

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Organs
Urogenital Sinus giving rise to the lower
part of the bladder in both sexes
Urethra carries urine from the bladder to outside
of the body
Wolffian Ducts connects the primitive kidney, the
mesonephros, to the cloaca
MALE:
Organs
Testes produce sperm
Seminiferous Tubules Sperm-forming mass
Epididymis stores sperm and transports it from
the testes

Efferent Ductules connect the rete testis with

the initial section of the epididymis
Ductus Deferens carry ejaculatory sperm out of
the epididymis
Seminal Vesicle holds the liquid that mixes with
sperm to form semen
Sperm Sac sac-like pouches that attach to the
vas deferens
Scrotum contains the testicles;
acts as a "climate control system" for the
testes
Claspers Copulatory Organ
Penis Copulatory Organ
Prostate Gland secretes fluid that nourishes and
protects sperm.
Leydigs Gland secretes fluid into the
archinephric duct to protect the sperm
Cowpers Glands protect sperm as it passes
through the urethra during ejaculation
FEMALE:
Organs
Ovaries produce oocytes (eggs);
produce the reproductive hormones, estrogen
and progesterone
Oviducts/ Fallopian Tube links the ovary to the
uterus and which the ovulated oocyte travels
down to become fertilized by sperm
Uterus nurturing the fertilized ovum

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Vagina receives the penis during sexual

intercourse
Shell Gland
Clitoris homologous to penis; provide pleasure
Bursa of Fabricius
Graafian Follicles provides for the maturation
and release of a fertilizable oocyte
Anal Glands produce small amounts of
secretions; possibly to mark territory
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HEART
VENOUS SYSTEM
Organs

Precaval vein
Postcaval vein
Common Cardinal vein
Inferior Jugular vein
Parietal vein
Renal vein
Internal Jugular vein
External Jugular vein
Lateral Abdominal vein

Ventral Cutaneous vein

Brachial vein
Subclavian vein
Scapular vein
Auxillary vein
Femoral vein
Renal Portal vein
Abdominal vein
Pectoral vein
Pelvic vein
Internal Iliac vein
External Iliac vein
Epigastric vein
Ischiadic vein
Caudal vein
Vertebral vein
Intercostal vein
Marginocostal vein
Hypogastric vein
Pulmonary vein
Genital vein
Internal mammary vein
Hepatic vein
Coronary vein
Gastroepiploic vein
Azygos vein
Epigastric vein
Branchiocephalic
Costocervical vein
Thoracic vein
Thoracodorsal vein
Posterior Circumflex
Cephalic vein
Transverse vein
Angular vein
Posterior auricular vein
Phrenic vein
Adrenolumbar vein
Internal spermatic vein
Ovarian vein
HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM
Organs
Choledochal vein
Gastric vein
Lienomesenteric vein
Pancreatic vein
Posterior Lienogastric vein
Posterior Pancreatic vein

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Gastrointestinal vein
Pyloric vein
Anterior Lienogastric vein
Anterior Intestinal vein
Hepatic Portal vein
Cystic vein
Splenic vein
Mesenteric vein
Gastroduodenal
Pancreaticoduodenal
ARTERIAL SYSTEM
Organs
Ventral Aorta
Coronary Artery
Afferent Branchial Artery
Efferent Branchial Artery
Efferent Collector Loop
External Coracoid
Commisural artery
Coronary artery
Pulmonary artery
Subclavian artery
Lateral artery
Dorsal aorta
Ventrolateral artery
Branchial artery
Coeliac artery
Gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Pancreaticomesenteric artery
Pancreaticoduodenal artery
Duodenal artery
Gastrosplenic artery
Mesenteric artery
Epigastric artery
Branchiocephalic artery
Carotid artery
Thyroid artery
Intercostal artery
Renal artery
Genital artery
Common carotid artery
Common iliac artery
Epigastric artery
External iliac artery
Internal iliac artery
Femoral artery
Sciatic artery
Renolumbar artery
Renofemoral artery
Internal mammary
Costocervical axis
Thyrocervical axis
Thoracic artery
Thoracodorsal artery
Colic artery
Intestinal artery
Thoracic aorta

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Ligament of Botallus
Esophageal artery
Gastroepiplioic artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Pyloric artery
Ileocolic artery
Haemorrhoidal artery
Iliolumbar
Deep femoral