STEAM CYCLE

For the steam cycle below, calculate the total electrical efficiency. The following is
given:
Mechanical efficiency turbine
Efficiency generator
Efficiency boiler
Isentropic efficiency turbine

0.96
0.95
0.92
0.75

The rest of the given values are given on the figure

m =120 kg/s
p =110 bar
t = 525 deg C

Turbine

Boiler

m = 19 kg/s
p = 20 bar
p = 0.8 bar
p = 6.0 bar

h = 480 kJ/kg

p = 1.5 bar

h= 390 kJ/kg
h= 640 kJ/kg

h = 900 kJ/kg

h = 450 kJ/kg

HINTS
Hint 1 (-2p): The total electrical efficiency is defined as the power output divided
with the thermal power obtained from the boiler. Start calculate the power output
from the steam turbine
Hint 2 (-5p): In order to find the steam turbine power output, you have to calculate
the enthalpies and mass flows from the steam extractions. The enthalpies can all be
found in an h-s diagram on the expansion line drawn from turbine from inlet to the
outlet to the condenser.

525 deg C

110 bar

h1

20 bar
a

6 bar
1,5 bar

b
c

0,8 bar

h2
h2s

Hint 3 (-3p): The steam extraction mass flows can be found via heat balances on the
feed water preheaters. Heat balance on the high pressure preheater gives data to
calculate the boiler power.

SOLUTION
Start calculating the power output from the turbine.
First we draw the expansion line, from the inlet conditions (1) to the condenser
pressure. The enthalpy h2 can be found, as we know the isentropic efficiency of the
turbine, as follows:

h2 = 3427 0.75*(3427-2370) = 2634 kJ/kg, (where 2370 is the enthalpy of the

isentropic expansion process).

525 deg C

110 bar

h1

20 bar
a

6 bar
1,5 bar

b
c

0,8 bar

h2
h2s
Enthalpies at extractions can be read on the expansion line at the given pressures on
an enthalpy entropy diagram.
ha = 3115 kJ/kg
hb = 2920 kJ/kg
hc = 2720 kJ/kg
The water enthalpy into the boiler is found through a heat balance over the high
pressure preheater, and then we calculate the power in the boiler Pboiler:
hin *120 + 900 * 19 = 3115 *19 + 640 * 120
hin 990.7kJ / kg
PBoiler = 120 * (3427 990.7) 292.4 MW
The fuel input to the boiler becomes:

P
292.4
Q& fuel = boiler =
= 317.8MW
boiler
0.92

The flows mb and mc are given through heat balances over the feed water tank and
over the low pressure feed water preheater:
Feed water tank:

mb * 2920 + (120 19 mb ) * 480 + 19 * 900 = 120 * 640

mb 4.6kg / s

Low pressure preheater:

mc * 2720 + 96.4 * 390 = mc * 450 + 96.4 * 480

mc 3.82kg / s
The electrical power generated is:

Pel = [120 * (3427 3115) + 101 * (3115 2920) + 96.4(2929 2720) + 92.58 * (2720 2634.2)]
* 0.96 * 0.95 76.9 MW

The total efficiency of the plant can be calculated as:

tot =

Pel
76.9
=
0.24
Q& fuel 317.8