DREDGING

Giotto Ed. 02-2016

HDPE pipes, rubber hoses and

floaters for dredging
Patented system

KIASMA KFC FLOW MOTION CHANGE SYSTEM

KIASMA Group

HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING

HDPE PIPES PE100

FOR DREDGING

KIASMA Group

HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING

INTRODUCTION
To reduce the cost per cubic meter of dredged material, the ship builders, in the last years
have turned their interests into building CSD (Cutter Suction Dredger) and TSHD (Trailing
Suction Hopper Dredgers) of large dimensions. The evolution in the 60's saw installed
diesel power of 10,000 kW to reach 13,000 KW of power in the 70s, to then continue in the
80s with 15,600 KW of power to 20,500 KW power in the 90s, growing to 22,400 KW of
power in the 2000, to eventually reach a power of 27,000 KW in the year 2015.
In the near future, dredging work will be
characterized by the production requirements (large
volumes at low cost) and by the geographical
peculiarity and the climatology of the sites to be
dredged (temperature, climate, storms, waves,
escape ways, etc.).
Only the large CSD & TSHD will be able to meet
these types of job requirements.
Currently the dredging fleet in the world includes
about 40 large CSD-TSHD.
To meet the increasing worldwide demand for high
pressure and large diameter discharge pipes
KIASMA has developed innovative HDPE piping
systems for the dredging industry able to resist to
pressures much higher than 10 bar.

RAW MATERIAL
The raw material used for the production of
polyethylene pipes is classified in MRS (Minimum
Required Strength).
MRS is the strength value of the material against
the inner pressure along 50 years of work at 20.
The Safety Coefficient is determined according to the class of the raw material and the
conditions of the network. Networks and all calculations are made according to this
coefficient.
Safety Coefficient is C=1,25 for potable water distribution lines.

ABRASION RESISTANCE
Verification was carried out subjecting the test pipe to 400,000 cycles.
Pipe is filled with water and a percentage of 30% of various types of inert (sand, gravel,
rock). The result is the following:

KIASMA Group

HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE
CALCULATION OF WALL THICKNESS
Calculation of wall thickness required for PE pipe
(Nominal Pressure) is performed using the pipe
calculation formula in ISO 161-1.

PN : Nominal pressure
s
: Wall thickness
s : Hoop stress
SDR : Standard Dimension Ratio
Da : Pipe Outer diameter

(bar),1 bar = 0,1 N/mmq

(mm)
(N/mmq)
SDR= da/s = 2S+1
(mm)

According to this, minimum wall thickness is as

follows.

It is dependent from hoop stress safety coefficient

and safety coefficient shall be taken into account
for calculation.
MRS: Minimum Required Strenght

Safety coefficient is expressed as total operation coefficient according to ISO 12162 and
has numerous functions. Primarily, safety shall be ensured in case of accuracy of pipe
calculations (measurements) and increase of nominal pressure inside the pipe.
For wall pipe = cmin = 1,25

KIASMA Group

HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING

The analytical monitoring of the management system and the strict compliance with the
rules in force have allowed us to gain many Italian and international certifications.

CHARACTERISTICS
Internal pressure
resistance
1000 h/80C / 5.0 MPa
Melt flow index (MFI)
190 C / 5 Kg / 10

REQUIREMENTS
1000 h

TEST METHOD
EN ISO 1167

0,02 0,55

EN ISO 1133
Condition T

O.I.T. at 200 C
Carbon black content %
Dispersion of carbon
black index

20
2,0 2,5
index 3

EN 728
ISO 6964
ISO 18553

Distribution of carbon
black
Elongation at break
Effect on water quality
(not applicable to UNI EN
ISO 15494)

A1 C2

ISO 18553

350 %

ISO 6259

Chemical resistance
Coefficient of linear
thermal expansion

In compliance with D.M. No. 174

In compliance with ISO TR 10358
0,18 0,22 mm/m C

KIASMA Group

HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING

DIMENSIONS - HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING
HDPE PE 100 Pipes
ISO 4427-2
EN 12201-2

OD
mm

INC
OD

160

SDR 41

SDR 33

SDR 26

SDR 21

SDR 17

PN 4

PN 5

PN 6

PN 8

PN 10

Th
mm

Kg
m

Th
mm

Kg
m

Th
mm

Kg
m

Th
mm

Kg
m

Th
mm

Kg
m

6,20

3,04

7,70

3,68

9,50

4,52

180

6,90

3,79

8,60

4,63

10,70

5,71

200

7,70

4,69

9,60

5,73

11,90

7,05

225

8,60

5,89

10,80

7,26

13,40

8,93

250

10

9,60

7,30

11,90

8,9

14,80

11,00

280

10

10,70

9,10

13,40

11,22

16,60

13,70

315

12

7,70

7,52

9,70

9,37

12,10

11,60

15,00

14,13

18,70

17,40

355

14

8,70

9,55

10,90

11,80

13,60

14,60

16,90

17,94

21,10

22,10

400

16

9,80

12,10

12,30

15,10

15,30

18,60

19,10

22,84

23,70

28,00

450

18

11,00

15,30

13,80

19,00

17,20

23,50

21,50

28,90

26,70

35,40

500

20

12,30

19,00

15,30

23,40

19,10

28,90

23,90

35,70

29,70

43,80

560

22

13,70

23,60

17,20

29,40

21,40

36,20

26,70

44,70

33,20

54,80

630

24

15,40

29,90

19,30

37,10

24,10

45,90

30,00

56,50

37,40

69,40

710

28

17,40

38,00

21,80

47,20

27,20

58,40

33,90

72,00

42,10

88,00

800

32

19,60

48,10

24,50

59,70

30,60

79,90

38,10

91,20

47,40

112,0

900

36

22,00

60,90

27,60

75,60

34,40

93,40

42,90

115,0

53,30

141,0

1000

40

24,50

75,20

30,60

93,10

38,20

115,0

47,70

143,0

59,30

175,0

1200

48

29,40

108,0

36,70

134,0

45,90

166,0

57,20

205,0

71,10

250,0

1400

56

34,40

147,0

42,90

183,0

53,50

226,0

66,70

279,0

83,00

341,0

1600

64

39,20

192,0

49,00

238,0

61,20

295,0

76,20

365,0

94,80

453,0

1800

72

44,00

246,0

55,10

306,0

68,80

379,0

85,80

467,0

106,6

573,0

2000

80

48,90

303,0

61,20

378,0

76,40

467,0

95,30

577,0

118,4

707,0

KIASMA Group

HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING

DIMENSIONS - HDPE PIPES FOR DREDGING
HDPE PE 100 Pipes
ISO 4427-2
EN 12201-2
SDR 13,6

SDR 11

SDR 9

SDR 7,4

PN 12,5

PN 16

PN 20

PN 25

OD
mm

INC
OD

Th
mm

Kg
m

Th
mm

Kg
m

Th
mm

Kg
m

Th
mm

Kg
m

160

11,80

5,50

14,60

6,67

17,90

7,96

21,90

9,44

180

13,30

6,98

16,40

8,42

20,10

10,10

24,60

11,90

200

14,70

8,56

18,20

10,40

22,40

12,40

27,40

14,80

225

16,60

10,90

20,50

13,10

25,20

15,80

30,80

18,60

280

10

20,60

16,80

25,40

20,30

31,30

24,30

38,30

28,90

315

10

32,20

21,20

28,60

25,60

35,20

30,80

43,10

36,50

355

12

26,10

26,90

32,20

35,50

39,70

39,10

48,50

46,30

400

14

29,40

34,10

36,30

41,30

44,70

49,60

54,70

54,80

450

16

33,10

43,20

40,90

52,30

50,30

62,70

61,50

74,40

500

20

36,80

53,30

45,40

64,50

55,80

77,30

68,30

91,80

560

22

41,20

66,90

50,80

80,80

62,50

97,00

630

24

46,30

84,60

57,20

102,0

70,30

125,0

710

28

52,20

107,0

64,50

130,0

79,30

160,0

800

32

58,80

136,0

72,60

166,0

89,30

202,0

900

36

66,10

173,0

81,70

210,0

1000

40

73,50

211,0

90,80

259,0

1200

48

88,20

304,0

109,1

375,0

1400

56

102,8

423,0

1600

64

117,5

552,0

1800

72

2000

80

2250

90

2500

100

KIASMA Group

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE

CHARACTERISTICS OF
POLYETHYLENE

KIASMA Group

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE
CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE
THERMAL EXTENSION
(ELONGATION IN LENGTH DUE TO
TEMPERATURE VARIATION)
Elongation in length due to temperature
variation shall be taken into consideration
while laying HDPE (PE80, PE100) pipes. In
the case that the temperature is increased
elongation will occur in length and
contraction will occur in case of decrease in
temperature.
At 1 m of PE pipe, for temperature variation
for each K number (1K=1C), 0,18mm
elongation or contraction will occur.
L = x L x T

(L =m. k. mm/m.K-1 )

For instance, in case of elongation or

contraction dependent to temperature, in
length in a line built with PE piping, pipe will
move from the turning point instead of the
fixed point. Assume that for a 12 m pipe
normal operating temperature Tv= 20C,
maximum pressure T2=10C. According to
this, variations in length dependent to
temperature are calculated as follows.
Elongation dependent to temperature
increase:
+ L = Lx T1xd= 12,45x0,18=97,2mm
Calculation dependent to temperature
decrease:
-L = Lx T2xd= 12,10x0,18=21,60mm
Ls= Fixing distance (mm)
d = Pipe outer diameter (mm)
k = factor
26 for HDPE,
30 for PP,
33,5 for PVC

If it is L=97,2mm for a PE pipe with

diameter of 63mm, factor is 26 and clamp
distance is as follows.

WATER HAMMER
Water hammer occurs when valve or
pump is turned on/off. For this following
formula is used theoretically.

a : propagation speed of pressure wave (m/sec)

V : flow speed of the fluid (m/sec)
: fluid density (Kg/mc)

In practice Ps value can be negative or

positive:
Positive: taps can occur when turning off
the pump or while turning it on;
Negative: when turning off the pump or in
presence of a sudden change of
hydraulic property (ex. sudden reduction
of flow speed)
Propagation speed of pressure wave is
calculated according to the following
formula:

Short term elasticity module shall be used in this

formula(Er=800_1200N/mm2)

Short term pressure changes and water

hammer effect does not cause damage in
HDPE pipes. The following example
table indicates the rate of increase of
new pressure value which is generated
by short term water hammer under 20C
temperature for the varius safety factor
according to the nominal pressure.
Pressure increase occurring within
values does not damage the pipe.

KIASMA Group

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE
ABRASION OF HDPE DREDGING
PIPES
Hydrophilic
HDPE,
which
reduces
interaction between the transported
material and the pipe wall, ensures high
abrasion resistance, thus allowing the
pumping of abrasive materials like sands,
gravels and mud.
In the test case performed in Darmstadt,
samples of sands and gravel (60%
concentration), with thickness of 2.0 8.4
mm and water (40% concentration) were
used; the dredged material tested by the
U.S. Army Engineers varied (fine sand,
pebbles and coarse sand).
In the presence of linear motion, it has
been verified that most abrasion occurs in
the sliding surface of the HDPE pipe
through which most of the material passes.
With turbulent motion, abrasion occurs in a
completely different way.
TEST IN ACCORDING TO EN 295-3 (UNIVERSITY
GERMANY)

BENDING RADIUS
MAXIMUM BENDING RADIUS PE PIPES
R : Bending radius (mm)
Dm: Average pipe diameter (mm)
E : Pipe elasticity module (N/mm2)
: Stress (N/mm2)

Admissible small bending radius shall not

drop under the value indicated in the below
table
Bending radius for PE Pipes:
Admissible small
bending radius
Pipe raw
material

Installation
temperature

PE80 and
PE100

20C

SDR
17

SDR
11

30 x da

20 x da

10C

50 x da

35 x da

0C

75 x da

50 x da

Breaking possibility constitutes the critical

point in calculation of bending radius for
thin walled pipes. In thick walled pipes,
stresswarping limit constitutes the critical
point while calculation the diameter for
bending process. The following formula is
applied while calculating the admissible
radius of bending for thin walled pipes:
rm: Average pipe radius (mm)
s : Wall thickness (mm)

Following formula is applied for

calculation (by considering stresswarping) of the admissible radius of
bending for thick walled pipes:
ra: Pipe outer radius
(mm)
e : Stress-Warping (%)
Stress-Warping rate
shall not exceed 2,5%

KIASMA Group

KFC SYSTEM FOR DREDGING and OIL

KFC SYSTEM
INSIDE HDPE PIPES

KIASMA Group

10

KFC SYSTEM FOR DREDGING and OIL

KFC SYSTEM - Radial motion inside the HDPE pipes for
Dredging and Oil
INTRODUCTION
The conveying of the fluids under pressure in the discharge networks takes place in a
way defined as "linear motion".
When the fluid is flowing within the network, the slope of the line energy decreases more
steeply due to the deposit of the transported material on the bottom of the pipe. This is
happening both in steel and HDPE pipelines.
As a consequence of the sedimentation the liquid section is reduced and the flow
dissipates most of the energy to carry the same scope.
The linear motion is characterized by the formation of a bed that causes a localized
abrasion on the bottom of the pipe with a consequent problems of durability of the
pipeline ( as per abrasion test conducted in accordance with EN 295-3. )
PRESSURE LOSS ANALYSIS
The pressure losses obtained by the KFC System are here compared to the pressure
losses
that occur in the steel pipe that, for its own natural characteristic, presents a much higher
roughness surface which causes a natural sedimentation of the transported mixture.
The comparison was done with CFD and NX CAE software analysis according to the
principles of RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes).
Setting an initial mixture speed of V = 4 m / s, assuming a percentage of mixture from
10% to 30% that in a steel pipe tends to deposit reducing the pipe surface, there is an
increase of speed from 4 to 5,73 m /s.
With the speed increase also the pressure loss increases.
Analyzing two pipes with the same diameters, in a steel pipe with a linear mixture flow
and with an average sedimentation of 20%, the pressure loss is 33% higher than the
same pipe diameter in HDPE with Kiasma KFC system.
For ex:
Pressure loss in steel pipe
6312 Pa = 0,063 Bar ( pipe ID 900 mm )
Pressure loss in HDPE pipe- KFC System 4270 Pa = 0,043 Bar ( pipe ID 900 mm )

ID

Occlusion

H (mm)

V (m/s)

TAR

0%

0.0

4.00

10%

10%

141.8

4.44

20%

20%

228.6

5.00

30%

30%

307.2

5.73

TAR = rough steel pipe

KIASMA Group

11

KFC SYSTEM FOR DREDGING and OIL

THE KFC SYSTEM
The CFD analysis (Computational Fluid Dynamics), show the fluid-dynamic behavior of the
mixture inside the HDPE pipes applying and optimizing the KFC system.
The application of the KFC system makes the mixture flowing inside the HDPE pipe
subjected to two motions:
- Radial flow ( the mixture rotates along the circumference )
- Axial flow ( the mixture flows in the center of the pipe )

Pseudo-omogeneous flow for newtonian fluids

The radial motion obtained by the KFC System forces the mixture to rotate along the entire
circumference of the pipe. ( Mixture of medium and large sizes )
The axial motion transports in suspension the mixture consisting in small particles (sand clay - mud - gravel / rock / fine coral).

Geometry
KFC system inside the HDPE pipes

KIASMA Group

12

KFC SYSTEM FOR DREDGING and OIL

The KFC System developed by Kiasma inside the HDPE pipes, determines a radial
motion to the mixture along the complete length of the pipe ( 11.8 m.).
If the mixture is entirely composed by solids with a size up to 60-70 mm, the KFC system
keeps active the radial motion inside pipes for 6 mt long pipes.
If the mixture is made up of gravel - rocks - large size coral, the KFC system is installed
inside the pipe also in a intermediate position along the length of the pipe, therefore
keeping the radial flow along the entire length of 11.8 mt long pipe .

KFC SYSTEM BENEFIT

With the KFC system the entire inner surface of
the pipe is subjected to a uniform abrasion, with
evident benefit of the pipe life time.
Furthermore is not longer necessary to use
labor force to rotate the pipe, which usually
occurs during the dredging operations

Job References: HDPE Pipes for dredging with KFC system

From year 2011 Kiasma Srl produces HDPE pipeline with the KFC System from diameter
OD 200 mm (10) till OD1200 mm ( 48). Kiasma also provides HDPE pipes with floating
system, water discharge and self-sinking pipelines. Our client s are based all over the
world, from small, medium and big dredging companies to Port Authorities, mine and dams.
Some international references:
Suez Canal Authority Egypt ( floating pipes OD1000 mm)
Boskalis The Netherlands ( HDPE pipes OD1000 mm )
Arab Potash Company Jordan ( Floating pipeline OD710mm )
Prodeco Nigeria ( OD600 mm pipes )
Ellicott USA ( OD600 mm pipes )
Orion Marine USA (OD560mm pipes )
And many more

KIASMA Group

13

R&D - DREDGING

R&D RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

KIASMA Group

14

R&D - DREDGING
When dealing with dredging projects, companies, institutions, and designers - sometime
in trouble - require specialist advice on the discharge pipes to use.
The study of the dredging material, the wear of the pipes, the working pressures, the
equipment to be used, and the optimization of the discharge line are all topics in which
KIASMA S.r.l. Research and Development Department provides customers with
assistance on a daily basis.
Operational support:
Abrasion test in accordance with EN 295-3
Study of turbulent motion in the discharge line
Procedure to obtain the change of motion inside HDPE pipes and rubber hoses
Benefits in lower pressure drop along the line, with money saving (booster)
Determination of the pressure of the pump outlet (energy saving and less air pollution)
Improved production of solid discharge (m3/h)
Training of company personnel to obtain equipment required for optimized production
(reduction of unplanned downtime)

SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION OF HDPE PIPES ABRASION

(INTERNAL LINEAR MOTION)
mc. total dredge
mc. daily real (only solid mud)
Total daily working hours
Working days for all the work
TEST: every minute is 20 cycles
Variable X
Formula abrasion
ABRASION

Mc total.
Mc/day ( 10 hours)
Hours
Day
Minutes
Cycles

mm/day

..


..


..


..


..


..


..


..


..

Inert material concentration: 60% gravel 6 to 8.44.2mm 40% water

WITH KFC FLOW MOTION CHANGE SYSTEM = - 40% ABRASION

KIASMA Group

15

R&D - DREDGING
SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE LINE LENGTH
with different mixtures

MIXTURE: Sand

MIXTURE: Clay

Sites: Africa, U.A.E., Europe, Asia

Sites: mines, Germany, Poland, U.K.

KIASMA Group

16

R&D - DREDGING
MIXTURE: Gravel and Rock

MIXTURE: Sand and Oil

Sites: Qatar, Brazil, U.A.E.

Sites: Nigeria, Venezuela, Angola, U.A.E.

MIXTURE: Salt Sites: Dead Sea

KIASMA Group

17

R&D - DREDGING
MIXTURE: Algae

MIXTURE: Coal

Sites: Black Sea

Sites: Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, South Africa

SOFTWARE FOR BUCKLING VERIFICATION

KIASMA Group

18

DREDGING IN MINES AND QUARRIES

HDPE PIPES PE100

DREDGING IN MINES AND
QUARRIES

KIASMA Group

19

DREDGING IN MINES AND QUARRIES

HDPE PIPES PE100 BL
These pipes are made of a compound that has extraordinary characteristics of resistance to
slow crack propagation and exceptional mechanical performances in the mid- and longterm (MRS > 10 MPa in 50 years, with very low values of roughness and low pressure
drop).
TEST OF RESISTANCE TO
SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION (
test EN ISO 13479)
hours
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

PE100

PE100BL

The polymer PE100 BL (highly resistant to cracking), the latest evolution of polyethylene, is
a polyolefin resin that provides resistance to stress.

Comparison between HDPE pipe PE100 and HDPE pipe PE100 BL

Reference
standard

PE100

PE100 BL
high resistance

EN IS 9080

10 MPa

10 MPa

RCP= rapid Crack

Propagation

EN ISO 13477
SA a 0C

10 bar

10 bar

SCG = Slow Crack Growth

(NTC = Notch pipe test)

EN ISO 13479
80 C 9,2 bar

8 bar

9,2 bar

Arkopal N100 80C

4 N/mm

~ 1500 h

~ 8760 h

ISO 16770
Arkopal N100 80C
4 N/mm

~ 1800 h

~ 8760 h

Property
MRS= minimum Required
Strength

Point Loading test

FNCT = Full Notch Creep Test

KIASMA Group

20

FLOATERS

FLOATERS
FOR HDPE PIPES AND RUBEBR
HOSES
FULL FLOATERS KGP TYPE
EMPTY FLOATERS

KIASMA Group

21

FULL FLOATERS KGP

INTEGRATED FULL FLOATERS TYPE KGP
Circular floater with smooth shell.
Monolithic seamless product.
Made with rotational molding system.
The linear polyethylene floater assures:
uniform thickness,, high impact strength, UV ray protection.
The floaters are filled with closed cell polyurethane foam, density 50 Kg/dmc
The internal polyurethane guarantees high impact resistance
The floaters are designed with 30 lateral angles. The waves slide over the surface of
the floaters.
INTEGRATED VERSION:
With electrofusion collars
SEPARATED VERSION:
Accessories included: spacers, screws, nuts and bolts

closed cell polyurethane foam

KIASMA Group

22

FULL FLOATERS KGP

DREDGING
FOR INTEGRATED VERSION: PLACEMENT AND BLOCKING OF
THE FLOATERS TO HDPE PIPES

Dime blocking floater

HDPE collars - electrofusion

Assembly and welding of collars by electrofusion

Blocked floater

KIASMA Group

23

FULL FLOATERS KGP

DREDGING
FLOATERS FOR HDPE PIPES
CERTIFICATES
1. Rotationally Polyethylene R 210 Yellow Linear polyethylene high density
2. Safety Form for R 210 Yellow (production) FOR FULL VERSION
1

Substances identification

Breaking load

TEST
ISO 527

METHOD

Dangers identification

Yield strength

ISO 527

Ingredients information

Falling weight 20C

ISO 6603/2

First aid intervention

Fire fighting measures

Storage

Exposure check of raw materials

Ecological information

Disposal

CERTIFICATE
M.F.I. (190 C / 2.16 Kg )

UNI 1133

3. Polyurethane CR 761 CR 775

Polyol
4. Safety Form

TEST
Density

METHOD
ISO 845 Kg/dm3

Substances identification

Ingredient

Dangers identification

First aid intervention

Fire fighting measures

Handling storage

Exposure check

Physical and chemical properties

Ecological information

10

Disposal

Polyurethane injection

Floaters stocking

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

24

FULL FLOATERS KGP

DREDGING
DREDGING

Transport by flat rack container

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

25

EMPTY FLOATS
SEPARATED EMPTY FLOATS
Circular half-shell floater with smooth surface
Monolithic seamless product
Made with rotational molding system.
The linear polyethylene floater assures:
uniform thickness,, high impact strength, UV ray protection.
Yellow color
Accessories included: spacers, screws, nuts and bolts

OD
pipe
Mm

OD
float
Mm

ID
float
Mm

Lenght
Mm

Push
Kg

OD pipe
Mm

OD
float
Mm

ID
float
Mm

Leng
ht
Mm

Push
Kg

110

450

95

550

81

400

1400

400

700

840

125

450

120

550

80

450

1400

450

700

820

140

450

135

550

78

500

1400

500

700

794

160

450

155

550

77

560

1400

560

700

760

180

800

180

700

276

630

1250

620

1200

1700

200

800

200

700

274

710

1500

700

1200

1600

225

800

225

700

266

250

800

250

700

260

280

1000

280

700

388

315

1000

315

700

376

355

1000

355

700

374

The measures may have a tolerance of

3/4% according to standard C.E. according
to REG. (CE) N. 1207/2001, then
amended by REG. (CE) N. 1617/2006

KIASMA Group

26

RUBBER HOSES

RUBBER HOSES
FLOATING RUBBER HOSES
with integrated full floaters type KGP

KIASMA Group

27

RUBBER HOSES FOR DREDGING

DREDGING
This discharge hose, suitable for abrasive material, is used in the dredging system as a
connection between the PUMP and the SUCTION PIPE. It discharges the material
collected from the dredger. It can be manufactured with vulcanized flanges or rubber
flanges (with heel).

RUBBER HOSE FOR DISCHARGE

Pipe: smooth, black NR-SBR, thickness UU mm, abrasion-resistant
Cover: smooth, synthetic black rubber, abrasion resistant / aging and ozone resistant /
seawater resistant.
Reinforcement: textile plies
Temperature range: -40/ +70 C
Safety factor : 1:3
Junction:

1) Discharge hose with rubber trapezoidal-shaped beaded ends reinforced by a

metallic ring, complete with swivel flanges drilled to DIN UNI ANSI
BENEFITS
The entire pipe is flexible
Elimination of breakage to the
vulcanized connection

2) Discharge hose with DIN UNI ANSI

vulcanized flanges

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

28

RUBBER HOSES with KGP FLOATERS

DREDGING
Rubber hose with diameter from ID200mm to ID650mm, with floater made of rigid freonfree expanded polyurethane resin (55 Kg/dmc), and PE outer sheath.
The appropriate polyurethane-resin float guarantees pipe buoyancy as required by the
density of the waste water and the weight of the system

Floating rubber hose ID650mm

PROPERTIES:
Transport and on-site storage are optimized because floating sheaths are reduced in height
No installation costs normally required by traditional floating systems
Pipe buoyancy studied as a function of Archimedean buoyancy
Pipe flexibility remains unchanged
No repair or float replacement costs
Elimination of traditional float operating costs
All pipes produced according to the abrasion calculation

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

29

HDPE PIPES FOR FISH FARM

FISH FARMS

KIASMA Group

30

DREDGING

Breeding plant

FISH FARMING
HDPE pipes are used as the most ideal product for such projects as
their specific density is lower than water and they have a flexible structure,
resistant to impact, not affected by salty water, chemicals and sun
rays, and have high strength against wave movements on the sea.

In cage applications, HDPE pipes

between diameters of OD110mm
and OD500mm are mainly made
from PE100.
Fish cages can be built in
diameters from 10m to 50m, with
inner and outer floating pipe of
the same diameter and a third
safety pipe with small diameter
for qalking placed in the middle.
Safety pipes are connected to the
inner floating pipe from top with
posts.

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

31

KPC SYSTEM

KPC
FLOW MOTION CHANGE SYTEM FOR
OIL SECTOR

KIASMA Group

32

KPC SYSTEM

DREDGING
The average values of viscosity and density of the oil can be different depending on the
site. The pressure loss due to friction between the moving fluid and the wall of the pipeline
consumes energy.
Our calculation sheets relating to the outflow of a mixture of oil and sand (in different
concentrations) let us estimate the energy loss (prevalence) along the discharge line.
Our KPC "change of motion" technology
(International Registered Utility) installed
inside the pipeline allows to obtain the
following benefits:
Lower power consumption (less pressure
drop)
Less abrasion of the inner walls of the
pipes (pseudo-homogeneous motion in
which the particles flow in suspension on
the center of the pipe)
Increased
pressure
with
greater
production on the same energy
upstream.
Longer length of the transportation line
Different pipe diameters require different numbers of inverters capable of changing the
motion.

Off-Shore and In-Shore installations

Easy to install both off-shore and in-shore, KPC system reduces pipeline oil passage wear
by 42%, with obvious economic benefits for oil companies.
Kiasma Srl R&D and commercial offices are available for more details.

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

33

KPC SYSTEM
The conveyance of fluids in pressurized discharge networks takes place via a passage
defined as "linear motion". As fluid flows through the network, the energy line slope drops
more sharply as transported material is deposited on the bottom of the duct, resulting in a
reduced liquid section caused by this sedimentation. The flow must therefore dissipate more
energy to give the same final result.
Linear motion is characterized by the formation of a bed that causes abrasion on the bottom
of the pipe with problems of durability of the network (this fact is proved by the abrasion test
conducted in accordance with EN 295-3 at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Faculty of the
U.S. Army Eng. Waterways Experiment Station (USA).

CALCULATION OF THE DISCHARGE LINE WITH KPC

Cvd

solid concentration

solid flow
Qs (m3/h)
Qm (m3/h)
mixture flow rate
Bar
Bar Pump
Characteristics of the tube
ID (m)
ID pipe
0,0000 pipe roughness
s (m)
5
coefficient
Characteristics of the mixture
d50 (mm)

particle diameter

p (t/m3)

0,85

density oil

(t/m3)

1,85

density sand

7,50E02

viscosity oil

w (kg/ms)

speed mixture (oil

+ sand)

vm (m/s)
v50 (m/s)
Speed deposit limit
vcrit (m/s)
Pressure drop

critical speed

resistance
coefficient oil
oil hydraulic
iw
7,77E-02
gradient
hydraulic gradient
im
E-02
mixture
Calculation of the load pressure at the outlet of the
tube
x (m)
length of the tube
pressure at the
hx (m)
outlet (end part of
the tube)
LONG DISCHARGE LINE
maximum length of
L (m)
the discharge pipe
f

0,0131

In addition to generating an improvement from the point of view of hydraulic operation, the
presence of the flow inverters also creates energy savings and consequently reduces
production costs.

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

34

KSP SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

KSP System SOLAR POWER

Patented

KIASMA Group

35

DREDGING
Scientific progress for any nation is measured by its ability to keep up with scientific
development about human universe and life.
There is no progress without scientific research and technology.
KIASMA SRL continues this process of progress and development of technologies and
products contributing to the improvement of human conditions with a continuous program
of research and development, capable of producing innovation in the form of improved
technology, with particular attention to the environment.

Working
in
team
with
highly
specialized engineers in alternative
energies, physicists, researchers,
universities and designers, KIASMA
has implemented an application of
Photovoltaic
Energy
currently
unexplored, applicable to HDPE pipes
in discharge lines of dredging industry,
bringing energy and exploiting the
power of nature respectfully.

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

36

DREDGING
The photovoltaic panels with their
flexibility, light weight and high
efficiency, develop a great power
even
in
particularly
small
dimensions. They are functional,
highly resistant to impact and to
mechanical
stress
and
to
weathering. They fit curves, their
quality guarantees a long life,
being tested under extreme
conditions. Moreover they are
ISO9001 certified for quality, ISO
18001 for safety and ISO 14000
for environment.

MANAGEMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY

The converters are chosen to get all the energy from the sun hitting the panel. The
connectors and cables are designed to work in sea water conditions and in the presence of
waves.

FLOATING KSP
Scientists, mechanical engineers, laboratory tests have created the most powerful design
for maximum efficiency to sunlight.
The range of floating KSP covers all diameters of the production of HDPE pipes.

KIASMA Group
KIASMA Group

37

KIASMA Group

KIASMA SRL
Via Monte Adamello,31/H 31059 Zero Branco (TV) ITALY
Tel. 0039 0422 97620 Fax 0039 0422 487447

www.kiasmasrl.it export@kiasmasrl.it