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5 kingdoms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctist
Prokaryotes- Monera (Bacteria)
Animals:
Are able to move their whole body
They move to get food
They move to avoid being caught by predators
Some only move some parts
Respiration: A chemical reaction, it is the release of energy from food that happens
in all living cells in the body
Glucose + Oxygen carbon dioxide + water + (energy)
Respiration is used for movement, growth, repair, reproduction; all living organisms
respire because they need energy.
Sensitivity: the ability to detect react and sense changes in their environment
(stimulus)
Plants:
Moving leaves
Leaves open and close depending on the time of day
Animals:
Have sensory cells for detecting light, sound, touch and pressure in air and in
food
Animals:
Reproduction: The ability to produce more of the same organism or to make new
individuals
Asexual Reproduction:
1 parent giving rise to offspring that are often identical to each other or the
parent
Sexual Reproduction:
2 parent organisms producing gaments which fuse to five the next
generation, the offspring shows variation.
Excretion: The removal of metabolic waste from the body
All living organisms produce toxic waste as a result of metabolism
Respiration is a major part of metabolism
Plants:
Animals:
Nutrition: ability to take in or make food which involves taking materials into the
body to provide energy and nutrients; which are needed for growth and repair
Nutrients are compounds and may be large: carbohydrates, proteins or simple;
mineral ions
Plants:
Photosynthesis; when energy from sunlight is absorbed and used to turn
carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars
Animals:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Binominal System- (2 names: Genus and species ~trivial name~)
Species: a group of individuals living in the same habitat that breed together to
produce offspring
Genus: a group of species that are closely related but do not interbreed.
INVERTEBRATES
Nematodes
Group of worms such as hookworms which are round
Annelids
Group of worms and leeches
Soft bodies
SEGEMENTED bodies
Paddle-like extensions for moving
External bristles or chaetae instead of legs; for making contact with mud
Live in sea or soil
Some produce lubricant and mucus to help them move
Molluscs
Animals like snails and octopus
Soft bodies
Unsegemented bodies
Have 1 or 2 shells for protection or to avoid excessive water loss
Muscular foot for movement
Have tentacles
INVERTEBRATES ARTHROPODS
Segmented bodies / external skeleton (exoskeleton) / jointed legs / bilateral
symmetry
Crustaceans
Crabs, Shrimps, Lobsters
Myriapods
Centipede, Millipede
Insects
Butterfly, Beetles, Grasshoppers
Arachnids
Spiders, Scorpions, Mites
8 legs
Simple eyes
No antennae
No wings
Amphibians
Frogs, toads, salamander
Reptiles
Crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles
Birds
Mammals
Leopards, Dolphin, Bears
Feathers
Front limbs are modified as wings
Most can fly
Beaks
Internal fertilization and Internal eardrum
Breath through lungs
Microorganisms
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Many are visible to the naked eye
Multicellular although yeasts are single-celled
Each cell has a nucleus and cell wall which is made out of chitin not cellulose
as in plants
Do not have chlorophyll and cannot carry out photosynthesis
The main fungus body is called the mycelium
The mycelium consists of a branching network of threads or hyphae which
grow over the surface of its food source, releasing enzymes which digest the
food outside the fungus
The digested food is then absorbed by the hyphae
So basically they feed by releasing enzymes on to food and absorbing
products.
A fungus reproduces by making spores that can be carried by the wind which
is made in a structure called a sporangium.
Most fungi are saprotrophs; they feed on dead or decaying matter. But most
are parasites
Reproduce by binary fission. Multicellular use spores.
Cell walls are made up of a substance called chitin.