Tiempos.

Presente Perfecto.

We use the Present Perfect to say

that an action happened at an
unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important. You
CANNOT use the Present Perfect with
specific time expressions such as:
yesterday, one year ago, last week,
when I was a child, when I lived in
Japan, at that moment, that day, one
day, etc. We CAN use the Present
Perfect with unspecific expressions
such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far,
already, yet, etc. We use it for actions
in the past that have important in the
present.

Usamos el Presente Perfecto para

decir que una accin que ocurri en
un tiempo no especificado antes de
ahora. El tiempo exacto no es
importante. No se puede utilizar el
Presente Perfecto con expresiones de
tiempo especficos, tales como: ayer,
hace un ao, la semana pasada,
cuando era un nio, cuando viva en
Japn, en ese momento, ese da, un
da, etc. Podemos utilizar la presente
Perfecto con expresiones
inespecficos tales como: nunca,
nunca ms, una vez que, muchas
veces, varias veces, antes de que,
hasta ahora, ya, sin embargo, etc. Lo
usamos para acciones en el pasado
que tienen importancia en el
presente.

Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases affirmativas)
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + participio pasado
Ejemplos:
I have [Ive] talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.)
She has [Shes] gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.)
We have [Weve] been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.)
They have [Theyve] learned English. (Han aprendido ingls.)
2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + not + participio pasado
Ejemplos:
I havent talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.)
She hasnt gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.)

We havent been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.)

They havent learned English. (No han aprendido ingls.)
3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + participio pasado?
Ejemplos:
Have you talked to Peter? (Has hablado con Peter?)
Has she gone to work? (Ha ido a su trabajo?)
Have you been to London? (Has ido a Londres?)
Have they learned English? (Han aprendido ingls?)

Presente perfecto contino.

We use the Present Perfect

Continuous to show that something
started in the past and has continued
up until now. "For five minutes," "for
two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are
all durations which can be used with
the Present Perfect Continuous.

Usamos el presente perfecto

continuo para demostrar que algo
golpeaba en el pasado y ha
continuado hasta ahora. "Durante
cinco minutos", "durante dos
semanas", y "desde el martes" son
todas las duraciones que pueden
utilizarse con el presente continuo
perfecto.

Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + been + gerundio.
Ejemplos:
They have [Theyve] been talking for three hours. (Han estado hablando durante tres
horas.)
She has [Shes] been studying English since she was 16. (Ha estado estudiando ingls
desde que tena 16 aos.)
I have [Ive] been waiting for you for over an hour! (Te llevo esperando durante ms de
una hora!)
2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + not + been + gerundio.

Ejemplos:
They havent been talking for more than a few minutes. (No han estado hablando ms de
unos minutos.)
She hasnt been studying English for very long. (No ha estado estudiando ingls durante
mucho tiempo.)
Dont worry, I havent been waiting long. (No te preocupes, no llevo esperando mucho
tiempo.)
3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + been + gerundio?
Ejemplos:
Have they been talking for a long time? (Han estado hablando durante mucho tiempo?)
Have you been waiting long? (Llevas esperando mucho tiempo?)