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The lessons are designed to ensure that the missionaries can communicate each of the above concepts
under the following three conditions:
1) using both questions and answers
2) in the simplest forms of the present, past, and future
3) in both the affirmative and the negative
Lesson sequence to be followed: It is recommended that the grammar lessons be studied in the sequence
that they appear in this guide. Missionaries may refer to other language texts for further explanations on
any of the points of grammar as they move through this guide.
Teach and practice from the visual displays: Use the visual displays in this document for practice
during tutoring sessions. They are designed to provide a visual connection between tutor and learner,
especially when on the telephone. The visual nature of the displays is intended to eliminate much of the
need for grammar rules, by showing rather than explaining.
Refer when necessary to a language text: For each lesson in this document, missionaries and tutors may
refer to a language text whenever necessary to answer questions they may have regarding the grammar,
and should continue to refer to it once they are in the field.
Pace for moving through this grammar guide: There is no need to move too quickly through the
lessons. Time should be spent on building confidence in using the structures in each lesson before moving
June 3, 2011
on. Spend the necessary time increasing vocabulary and reviewing previous lessons before moving too
quickly ahead. The lessons will build on each other as you move through the sequence.
Use a variety of activities: It is not necessary to cover a new lesson in each tutoring session.
Missionaries will gain more confidence when they are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of
activities on the same principle. This will more likely ensure that they are not only mastering concepts
and structures as they go, but that they have ample opportunity to review and maintain their confidence in
all past lesson material. Tutors should plan and conduct many communicative language-type activities
as part of their tutoring, including the performance of tasks, which are studied separately.
Speak the language: Speak the language at every opportunity. An explanation here and there may be
necessary in English, but missionaries need ample opportunity to see themselves communicating in the
language. This will build their confidence more than anything else. Tutors should limit their own use of
the language to the structures and vocabulary that the missionaries have learned up to that point, so as to
increase the likelihood of their success in listening and responding in the language during tutoring
sessions.
Organize note-taking: When missionaries have questions on particular grammatical structures, they
should write any notes in the margins of the text or on the visual display sheets of this document where
that particular principle is located. By doing so, their notes will be automatically organized for future
reference, because they will be written on the pages which deal with that principle.
Use a pocket notebook for vocabulary: Vocabulary items should be written in an organized way in a
small, pocket-sized notebook, which can be carried with them for easy reference while speaking the
language. Keep two separate lists for easy access; one of verbs, and the other for general vocabulary
items. For example, keep a list of verbs in the front of the notebook, and a list of all other vocabulary
items in the back. Write in the language on the left side of the page, with the English equivalent on the
right side. This makes for easy review by covering either one or the other side of the list.
Use vocabulary notebook for review: Not having easy access to ones notes is one of the most
frustrating hindrances of note taking, and thus of systematic review. By using the vocabulary notebooks,
missionaries can be much more successful in their review because they can always be working from a
current, up-to-date list. Be selective at first. Dont try to remember or write everything down. Select
those vocabulary items / verbs that you will use most frequently and build from there.
June 3, 2011
Table of Contents_________________________________________________________
1. Overview of the Language..................................................................................................................... 5
2. Alphabet & Basic Pronunciation........................................................................................................... 6
3. Introduction to Cases............................................................................................................................. 9
Asking About / Expressing a State of Being
4. Nominative Case/ Subject - to be..........................................................................................................10
5. Accusative Case/ Direct Object to have.............................................................................................11
6. Dative case/ Indirect Object to be...................................................................................................... 12
Asking about and Expressing Possession or ownership
7. Genitive Case/ Possession......................................................................................................................13
Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
8. Adjectives - Weak.................................................................................................................................. 14
9. Adjectives - Strong................................................................................................................................ 15
Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention, or Purpose Part 1
10. To have to / Must................................................................................................................................ 16
11. To be able to / Can............................................................................................................................... 17
12. Be allowed to / May............................................................................................................................. 18
13. To like to / To like............................................................................................................................... 19
14. Would like............................................................................................................................................ 20
15. Future tense.......................................................................................................................................... 21
16. Purpose clause...................................................................................................................................... 22
Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Event
17. Conversational Past Haben............................................................................................................... 23
18. Conversational Past Sein...................................................................................................................24
Asking / Answering Questions of Time, Date, and Location
19. Where?................................................................................................................................................. 25
20. When?.................................................................................................................................................. 26
Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect
21. Verb kickers......................................................................................................................................... 27
Narrating Simple Experiences & Stories
22. Verb to be in the past tense.............................................................................................................. 28
23. Accusative Reflexive.......................................................................................................................... 29
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June 3, 2011
June 3, 2011
PRONUNCIATION
SOUND
Berg, berufen
ob, Stab
Bach, ich
Christus, Chrom
dort, Dame
Pferd, Stadt
Apfel, aber
das, hatten
heben, jeden
Erde, werden
fallen, Firma
gehen, Hoffnung
haben, heute
gehen, ihnen
Tier, ihm
ist, ich
Jogurt, Jahr
June 3, 2011
The German l sounds much lighter and also flatter than the
English l. It is quite close in sound to the English million or
billion.
Mutter, machen
Nacht, nein
Bohne, Ohr
folgen, Wort
Punkt, Papier
Quark, quitschen
Raum, rund
Tiger, lernen
sie, sehen
als, nachts
Tante, Tomate
Uhr, zu
unter, und
Vogel, vier
June 3, 2011
Kuh, Kirche
Lampe, Lffel
wer, wohnen
ei, ai
eins, Main
ie
Biene, Ziel
Hexe, Xylophon
Typ, Typen
Yoga, Yacht
Zebra, ziehen
Freund, Bume
au
Traube, taufen
ch
Bauch, acht
Chemie, ich
ck
backen, Hecke
ss,
These are pronounced the same, much like the s in the English
word some or the c in cell.
essen, i
spter, tglich
glcklich, ben
eu, u
June 3, 2011
knnen, bse
3. Introduction to Cases
o Case: The way German marks who is doing what to/for whom in the sentence.
*More technically, the case carries a marker (der, die, das) to indicate the grammatical
function of any given noun or adjective in the sentence
o Consider the following example:
The woman gave the man the book.
o In English, word order determines what case a noun is in, or WHO is doing WHAT to/for
WHOM. In this sentence we know that the woman did the giving, the book was what was given,
and the man was the one it was given to. We know this because of the order of the words in the
sentence. In English, if the word order is changed, the meaning is also changed. For example,
The man gave the woman the book. Now, the man is the one giving and the woman, the one
receiving. In the English example, The woman gave the book the man, suddenly the book is
the one receiving the man!
o In German, the word preceding a noun (the article) carries an ending that tells what case
the noun is in, as well as which gender the noun has. This allows us to move words around in a
sentence and retain the same meaning. Consider the following example:
The woman gave the man the book.
Die Frau gab dem Mann das Buch.
o Unlike the English example, changing the word order does not change the meaning of the
German sentence because of the endings on the word the. For example, Dem Mann gab die
Frau das Buch, still means that the woman gave the man the book because the words for the
have retained their endings. Likewise, Die Frau gab das Buch dem Mann, still means that the
woman gave the man the book. Notice that the thes never change.
o From this we learn that recognizing what case a noun is in is very important so that we can make
sure we use the proper endings and convey the meaning we desire.
o The four cases for German are:
Nominative - Subject: Who or what is doing the action? In our example: the woman / die Frau.
Accusative Direct Object: Who or what is being directly acted upon? The action is being done to
whom? In our example: the book / das Buch.
Dative Indirect object: Who is indirectly affected by the action? This is usually thought of in
conjunction with the word to. In our example, the book is given to whom? the man / dem Mann.
Genetive - Possesion: Who or what is the possessor? This is usually thought of in conjunction with
the word of. We could change our example to say, the book of the man, / das Buch des
Mannes.
o See appendix for the articles in their various cases pg. 36
June 3, 2011
Ich bin
I am
Amerikaner.
American.
sein = to be
1st
Ich bin
I am
Wir sind
We are
Du bist
Ihr seid
You are
You are
2nd
3rd
not
Sie sind*
You are
Er ist
He is
Sie ist
she is
Es ist
It is
(nicht)
Sie sind
They are
(kein,
keine)
not a (no)
Nominative article
glcklich
traurig
mde
hungrig
begeistert
- happy
- sad
- tired
- hungry
- excited
- American
- German
- missionary
- member
Elder(m) _______
Sister(f) _______
Bischof (m)
Missionsprsident (en)
- Elder ______
- Sister ______
-Bishop
Mission President
Examples:
June 3, 2011
10
Ich habe
I have
einen
a
Bruder.
Brother.
haben = to have
st
nd
Singular
Ich habe
I have
Plural
Wir haben
We have
Du hast
Ihr habt
You have
You have
3rd
eine
eine
eine
keine
keine
keine
Schwester (n) f
+ Bibel (n)
f
Mutter ()
f
kein
kein
kein
keine
keine
Kind (er)
Zeugnis (e)
Buch (er)
Freunde
Fragen
n
n
n
pl
pl
Idee
Plan
Brot
or
ein
ein
ein
-----
Sie haben*
You have
Sie haben
They have
Accusative article
Ich sehe
I see
Du siehst
you see
Er sieht
he sees
Wir sehen
we see
Ihr sieht
you see
Sie sehen
You/They see
m - father
m - brother
keinen
keinen
Er hat
He has
Sie hat
She has
Es hat
It has
Vater ()
Bruder ()
einen
einen
mich
me
uns
us
dich
you
ihn, sie, es
him, her, it
euch
you
sie, Sie
they/ you*
- sister
- Bible
- Mother
- child
- testimony
- book
- friends
- questions
- idea
m - plan
n - bread
Examples:
June 3, 2011
11
Sie ist
She is
bei mir
by me (at my house)
Singular
Plural
wichtig
important
heute.
today.
mir
to me
uns
to us
dir
to you
euch
to you
notwendig
necessary
lustig
funny
komisch
strange
Ihnen*
to you
ihm
to him
ihr
to her
ihm
to it
ihnen
to them
Dative
preposition
Q. Kommen Sie
Is / are that / those
Dative article
Mitarbeiter (m)
mit
companion
with
Gruppe (f)
bei
group
by/ with
aus
Land (n)
countryside
Versammlung (f)
from
meeting
nach
Bro (n)
after
office
von
Missionaren (pl)
from/by
missionaries
Examples:
June 3, 2011
12
Ich habe
I have
Ihr
your
Buch Mormon
Book of Mormon
Singular Plural
Have you
mein
unser
Untersucher (e)
my
our
investigator
dein
euer
+ your
your
sein
ihr/Ihr
Is
der Vater
Buch Mormon
Book of Mormon
Kleid (er)
Krawatte (n)
Hose (n)
add e for
feminine
and plural
pair of pants
pl
Bcher
books
Genitive article
Schuhe
shoes
pl
Jung(es)
boy
sie
Mdel(s)
die Mutter
girl
she
the mother
der Untersucher
the investigator
A. Ja, er ist
the father
it
necktie
he
es
dress
their/you
(formal)r
Q. Ist er
pencil
Q. Haben Sie
No, I
Bleistift (e)
Missionar(s)
n
m
missionary
Frau
der Mann
woman
he
the husband
sie
Mann(es)
die Frau
she
the wife
husband
* Note* Most masculine and neuter
words with the des article take on
the (-es) ending on the noun itself, as
seen here.
es
it
Examples:
8. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their Characteristics
Adjectives - Weak
(See strong/weak adjective chart in appendix)
Er
He
ist
is
der
the
gute
good
Missionar.
missionary.
gute
Mann.
good
man.
hilfreiche
Missionarin.
helpful
missionary.
das
wichtige
Vorbild.
important
example.
die
bayrische
Bavarian
Leute
people.
guten
Mann.
good
man.
hilfreiche
Missionarin.
helpful
missionary.
wichtige
Vorbild.
important
example.
bayrische
Leute
people.
nominative
Ich
bin
am
der
die
Sie
sind
They
are
accusative
Ich
sehe
see
Du
schtzst
You
appreciate
den
die
das
die
Bavarian
June 3, 2011
14
9. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
Adjectives Strong
Er
He
ist
is
ein
a
Ich
bin
ein
am
guter
good
eine
ein
Sie
They
sind
die
are
Missionar.
missionary.
guter
Mann.
good
man.
hilfreiche
Missionarin.
helpful
missionary.
wichtiges
Vorbild.
important
example.
bayrische
Bavarian
Leute
people.
Ich
sehe
guten
Fortschritt.
see
good
progress.
Du
schtzst
tiefgefhlte
Dankbarkeit.
You
appreciate
heartfelt
gratitude.
warmes
Essen.
warm
food.
schwbische
Leute
Swabian
people.
Examples:
Is he a good man?
A. Natrlich, ist er ein guter Mann.
Of course he is a good man!
A. Ja, Er ist ein gutes Vorbild.
Yes, he is a good example.
June 3, 2011
15
Deutsch lernen.
German learn.
1st
Ich muss
Wir mssen
I must
We must
Du musst
Ihr msst
You must
You must
nd
Sie mssen*
(nicht)
not
um Glauben bitten
auf ihn warten
so langsam gehen
heute singen ben
so slowly walk.
today to sing practice.
Deutsch lernen
German study/learn.
auf die Toilette gehen to the toilet go.
You must
Er muss
Sie mssen
He must
They must
Sie muss
3rd
She must
Es muss
gehorsam sein
so schnell essen
obedient be.
so fast eat.
jetzt weitermachen
sie erreichen
now continue.
her get a hold of.
It must
* German Verb Rule: There can be only one verb in second position in a sentence. All other verbs must
come at the end of the sentence in the opposite order in which they would have come initially. See 21 for the
only exception.
Examples:
June 3, 2011
16
Deutsch sprechen.
German speak.
Plural
Ich kann
Wir knnen
I can
We can
Du kannst
Ihr knnt
You can
You can
nd
+ (nicht)
+
not
Sie knnen*
You can
3rd
Er kann
Sie knnen
He can
They can
Klavier spielen.
Englisch sprechen.
piano play.
English speak.
gut singen.
gut kochen.
well sing.
good cook.
warten.
hart arbeiten.
wait.
hard work.
Sie kann
She can
Es kann
with us come.
to church go.
It can
Examples:
June 3, 2011
17
nicht
not
lange schlafen.
long sleep.
1st
Plural
Ich darf
Wir drfen
I may
We may
2nd Du darfst
You may
Ihr drft
You may
+ (nicht)
+
not
Sie drfen*
3
Er darf
He may
call
pray
das haben
mit Ihnen sprechen
that have
with you speak
You may
rd
telefonieren
beten
Sie drfen
They may
Sie darf
She may
Es darf
It may
lange schlafen
mit ihr lernen
long sleep
with her study / learn
Examples:
June 3, 2011
18
die Suppe.
the soup.
st
Plural
Ich mag
Wir mgen
I like
We like
den Zug
Du magst
Ihr mgt
die Suppe
You like
You like
the train
the soup
nd
Sie mgen*
die Blumen
the flowers
(nicht)
not
Sport
You like
sports
3rd
Er mag
Sie mgen
He likes
They like
seine Krawatte
his necktie
Sie mag
She likes
Es mag
It likes
Examples:
Q. Mgen Sie den Zug? A. Ja, ich mag den Zug. A. Nein, ich mag den Zug nicht.
Like you the train?
Yes, I like the train.
No, I like the train not.
(Do you like the train?) (Yes, I like the train.)
(No, I dont like the train.)
Q. Mag er Sport?
A. Ja, er mag Sport.
A. Nein, er mag Sport nicht.
Likes he sports?
Yes, he likes sports.
No, he likes sports not.
(Does he like sports?)
(Yes, he likes sports.)
(No, he doesnt like sports.)
June 3, 2011
19
helfen.
to help.
Plural
helfen.
to help.
1st
Ich mchte
Wir mchten
I would like
We would like
mitgehen.
with to go.
selbst fahren.
self to drive.
hart arbeiten.
hard to work.
nd
Sie mchten*
You would
3rd
Er mchte
Sie mchten
He would like
(nicht)
not
Sie mchte
Es mchte
It would like
Examples:
June 3, 2011
20
werde
will
zu Hause
at home
beten.
pray.
zu(r)
Kirche.
kommen.
to (fem.)/ at
the church.
come.
hrter
arbeiten.
harder
work.
zu Hause
bleiben.
at home
stay.
werden = will
Singular
st
nd
Plural
Ich werde
Wir werden
I will
We will
Du wirst
Ihr werdet
you will
You will
Sie werden*
You will
rd
beten.
darber
Er wird
Sie werden
He will
They will
about that
Sie wird
She will
Es wird
It will
um
about
pray.
lesen.
read.
das Essen
kaufen.
the food
buy.
den Umriss
brauchen.
the outline
need.
den Erlsungsplan
erklren.
explain.
Examples:
June 3, 2011
21
nach
to
Hause
home
um
in order
durch
die Kirche
Essen
food
zu
to
kochen.
cook.
die Elders
zu
finden.
gehen = to go
Singular
Ich gehe
Plural
Wir gehen
I go
We go
Du gehst
Ihr geht
You go
You go
Sie gehen*
You go
um
in order
through.
church
in
die Stadt,
einkaufen.
gehen.
the city
to shop
to go.
die Schweiz,
auf Mission.
+
nach
the Switzerland
on mission
Hause,
Essen
machen.
to
home
food
to make.
dort
arbeiten.
Frankfurt
there
to work.
Tempel,
Inspiration.
bekommen.
into/in
Er geht
Sie gehen
the temple
inspiration to receive
to receive.
He goes
They go
Kirche,
Bndnisse
the church
covenants
erneuern.
to renew.
Sie geht
She goes
Es geht
It goes
Examples:
June 3, 2011
22
Du
You
hast
have
das Gebet
the prayer
gesprochen.
spoke.
den Bleistift
gekauft.
bought.
gekannt.
haben = to have
Singular
1st
2nd
Plural
Ich habe
Wir haben
I have
We have
the pencil
Du hast
Ihr habt
the man
You have
You have
Sie haben*
You have
Er hat
3rd He has
Sie haben
They have
Sie hat
den Mann
das Gebet
the prayer
dieses Bild
known.
(nicht)
not
gesprochen.
said.
gemalt.
this picture
painted.
das Lied
gesungen.
the song
sung.
das Buch
gelesen.
the book
read.
She has
die Katze
gesehen.
Es hat
the cat
seen.
It has
* *intransitive verb
Ich
habe
gut
geschlafen.
have
good
slept.
Examples:
June 3, 2011
23
Wir
We
sind
have
nach Hause
(to) Home
gegangen.
gone
nach Hause
gegangen.
sein = to be
Singular
1st
Plural
Ich bin
Wir sind
I am
We are
Du bist
Ihr seid
you are
You are
2nd
(nicht)
not
Sie sind*
You are
rd
Er ist
Sie sind
He is
They are
Sie ist
to home
gone.
nach Berlin
gefahren.
to Berlin
driven.
nach Frankreich
to France
geflogen.
flown.
auf Mission
gewesen.
on mission
been.
zu Hause
geblieben.
at home
stayed.
schnell
gelaufen.
fast
ran.
She is
Es ist
It is
Examples:
June 3, 2011
24
Wo+hin
To where
gehen
go
Wir
We
Wo + her
Where from
Wo + hin
Where to
answer
ich
du
er
Sie?
you?
gehen
go
in
to
die Kirche.
the church.
gehen
auf
den Fugang.
go
on (horizontally)
the sidewalk.
kommen
an
come
on (vertically)
fahren
neben
den Mann.
drive/
travel
next to
the man.
zwischen
reisen
between
vor
die Bank.
in front of
the bank.
in
den Tunnel.
in, into
the tunnel.
hinter
meinen Freund.
behind
my friend.
ber
die Brcke.
above
the bridge.
unter
die Hochstrae.
under
the overpass.
travel
question
wir
ihr
sie
When the verb indicates a change of location (where to/ wohin) these prepositions require an
accusative object. When the verb indicates a location only (where/ wo) these prepositions require a
dative object.
Examples:
Where to go you?
Q. Wo sind Sie?
Where are you?
June 3, 2011
25
Wann
When
zur
to
Kirche?
church?
gehen Sie
nach
Hause?
When
go
home?
Bis wann
bleiben Sie
hier?
Until when
stay
here?
Seit wann
sind Sie
zu (m)(r)
Supermarkt?
Since when
are you
supermarket?
Q. Wann
kommst du
come you
die Party
vorbei ist.
When
the party
over is.
A. Als
Bis
sechszehn Uhr
bleibe ich
Until
the party
stay I.
Seit
dem Anfang
bin ich
Since
the beginning
am I.
Examples:
June 3, 2011
26
+
weil
because
(will)
Ich bin nach Deutschland gekommen, weil ich
I have to
Germany
come,
1st clause. . . .
because I
verb kicker
to serve want.
2nd clause...
(verb).
Ich weiss,
dass
I know,
that
bevor
before
nachdem
after
Ist es in Ordnung,
wenn
Is it o.k.,
if
damit
I repeat it,
so that
weil
I am on mission,
because
June 3, 2011
27
Er war
He was
katholisch.
Catholic.
1st
jung
katholisch
evangelisch
glcklich
traurig
mde
spt
Plural
Ich war
Wir waren
I was
We were
Du warst
Ihr wart
You were
You were
2nd
Sie waren*
You were
(nicht)
not
- young
- Catholic
- Protestant
- happy
- sad
- tired
- late
beim Schlafen.
3rd
Er war
Sie waren
(at) sleeping.
He was
They were
beim Essen.
Sie war
(at) eating.
She was
Es war
It was
Examples:
Were we late?
June 3, 2011
28
fragen
ask
Regular Pronouns
Singular
uns
ourselves
Plural
Singular Plural
Ich Wir
st
We
Du
Ihr
You
You
2nd
Sie*
You
rd
Er
Sie
He
They
warum.
why.
verb
(wundern)
to wonder
Sie
She
Es
mich
uns
myself
ourselves
dich
euch
yourself
yourselves
sich*
extras
warum
why
yourself(ves)
sich
sich
himself/
herself/
itself
themselves
It
Non-reflexive
Reflexive
I ask him.
I ask myself.
Du schneidest Brot.
Du schneidest dich.
Example:
June 3, 2011
29
wasche
wash
mir
myself
Regular Pronouns
Singular
1st
Wir
We
Du
Ihr
You
You
2nd
Plural
Ich
Sie*
Singular
1st
verb +
(waschen)
to wash
Plural
mir
uns
myself
ourselves
dir
euch
yourself
yourselves
2nd
body part**
(die Hnde)
the hands
sich
You
3rd
die Hnde.
the hands.
Yourself(ves)
Er
Sie
sich
sich
He
They
himself/
herself/
iselft
themselves
Sie
3rd
She
Es
It
Non-reflexive
Reflexive
I give it to him.
Du kaufst es dir.
Examples:
June 3, 2011
30
wrden = would
Singular
Plural
1st
2nd
Ich wrde
Wir wrden
I would
We would
You would
You would
Sie wrden*
You would
Er wrde
3rd He would
Sie wrden
They would
Sie wrde
She would
Es wrde
It would
Examples:
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31
+ to have
Singular
1st
= would have
Plural
Ich htte
Wir htten
I would have
We would have
Du httest
Ihr httet
nd
Sie htten*
You would have
rd
Er htte
Sie htten
He would have
Es htte
Sie htte
It would have
Examples:
Q. Htte ich Geld, wenn ich nicht essen wrde?
Would I have money, if I not eat would?
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32
+ to be = would be
Singular
Plural
Ich wre
Wir wren
I would be
We would be
1st
Du wrst
Ihr wret
You would be
You would be
2nd
Sie wren*
You would be
Er wre
Sie wren
He would be
They would be
Sie wre
She would be
Es wre
It would be
Examples:
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33
Q. Wieso
How is it that
glauben Sie
you believe
dass
that
dass
that
es
it
Why
Gott
existiert
God
exists.
seine Liebe
spre.
his love
exists.
meinen Sie
wir
uns
we
us
taufen lassen
sollen?
es
wichtig ist.
it
important is.
Because
Q. Warum
ich
A. Weil
should be baptized?
A. Ich denke
I think
Examples:
June 3, 2011
34
29. Asking and Answering Questions of quality, quantity, number, and sequence
Wie questions
Wie oft
How often
Wie-word
Q. Wie
comparison
How
Wie viel
mchten Sie?
How much/many
Wie oft
knnen Sie?
How often
Wie gross
How big
is the church?
Wie wichtig
How important
A. Ich komme
so
mglich.
I come
so
possible.
Ich mchte
so viel
I would like
this/as much/many
Ich kann
so oft
I am able
this/as often
so gross
The church is
this/as big
Ich finde es
so wichtig
I find it
this/as important
wie
as
Sie knnen.
you are able.
eine normale
Gemeinde.
a normal
congregation.
in die Kirche zu
gehen.
to go to church.
Examples:
June 3, 2011
35
Appendix
Article Chart:
Definite:
Nominative
Accusative
Dative
Genitive
Masculine
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
der
den
dem
des /es
das
das
dem
des /es
die
die
der
der
die
die
den /en
der
Masculine
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
ein
einen
einem
eines
ein
ein
einem
eines
eine
eine
einer
einer
keine
keine
keinen
einer
Indefinite:
Nominative
Accusative
Dative
Genitive
Accusative Prepositions
Dative Prepositions
durch
fr
gegen
ohne
um
aus
auer
bei
mit
nach
seit
von
zu
an
auf
hinter
in
neben
ber
unter
vor
zwischen
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
Nominative
Accusative
-e
-en
-e
-e
-e
-e
-e
-en
Dative
Genitive
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
-es
-es
-em
-es
-e
-e
-er
-er
-e
-e
-en
-er
June 3, 2011
-er
-en
-em
-es
36
-en
-t
-en
-t
-en
-ten
-tet
-ten
-te
-ten
Types of Verbs:
Strong
bekommen bekam - bekommen
Mix
wissen wusste - gewusst
schlafen - schlief geschlafen
kennen kannte - gekannt
ertrumen ertrumte ertrumt
Weak
beten betete gebetet
June 3, 2011
37
Present
hatte
had
werde haben
will have
htte
would have
wrde gehabt
would be had
Active
bete
pray
Present
Passive
wird gehabt
be had
wurde gehabt
was had
Passive
wird gebetet
be prayed
wrde beten
would pray
Active
gehe
pray
Passive
-
Simple Past
Future
Conditional
June 3, 2011
Participle
gehabt
had
Infinitive
beten
to pray
wurde gebetet
was prayed
betete
prayed
werde beten
will pray
ging
prayed
werde gehen
will go
wrde gehen
would pray
Infinitive
haben
to have
Participle
gebetet
prayed
Infinitive
gehen
to go
Participle
gegangen
prayed
38
Direct object ?
yes
no
motion?
haben
Du
You
Wir
hast
have
sind
We
have (are)
Ich
habe
We
June 3, 2011
have
yes
sein
no
das Gebet
the prayer
nach Hause
(to) home
gesprochen.
said.
gegangen.
gone.
gut
well
39
geschlafen.
slept.
..3 Uhr.
..3 oclock
..2 Uhr.
..2 oclock
.. 5 vor 3
..5 to 3
.. kurz nach 2
..short after 2
..5 nach 2
..5 past 2
..10 nach 2
..10 past 2
..10 vor 3
..10 to 3
.. nach 2
.. past 2
.. vor 3
.. to 3
..20 nach 2
..20 past 2
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40