1.

[IDEAL GAS] A certain fumigant for fruits and grains was found to be a potential health hazard,
and was thereby brought into the laboratory for qualitative analysis. Preliminary testing implied that
the active ingredient of the fumigant contains carbon, hydrogen, and bromine. Further tests revealed
that, as a gas, the main component of the fumigant when placed inside a chamber heated to 165C
had a density of 0.00523 grams per milliliter.
a. What is the molecular weight of the active component of the fumigant?
b. Propose a molecular formula for the unknown compound, and if possible, name the compound.
2. [REAL GAS] One way to gain a physical understanding of the value of b in the van der Waals
equation is to calculate the excluded volume. Assume that the distance of closest approach
between two similar atoms is the sum of their radii.
a. Calculate the volume around each atom into which the center of another atom cannot penetrate.
b. The value of b is the excluded volume for one mole of the atoms. Calculate the value of b. How
does this volume compare with the sum of the volumes of one mole of the atoms?
3. [MEAN FREE PATH] Intergalactic space is nearly a vacuum: there is, on average, approximately
one hydrogen atom per cubic centimeter. The diameter of a hydrogen atom is about 0.1 nanometers.
a. Estimate the mean free path of a hydrogen atom under these conditions.
b. Find the RMS speed of the hydrogen atoms at a temperature of -270.3C.
c. Estimate the average time between the collisions of two atoms.
4. [PROPERTY DERIVATION] The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is renowned for being an effective
equation in obtaining approximate values for special temperatures of substances, such as their
boiling points. The equation is of the form
*INSERT CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION HERE*
where p stands for pressure, T for temperature (in Kelvin), R is the universal gas constant, and H is
the enthalpy change. Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation using known concepts in Gibbs Free
Energy.