Subjects and Predicates

Basic to any language is the sentence, which expresses a complete thought and
consists of a subject and a predicate.

The subject is the star of the sentence; the person, animal, or thing that is
the focus of it.
The predicate will tell the action that the subject is taking or tell
something about the subject.
Basic Parts of Speech
Once you have a general idea of the basic grammar rules for sentence
structures, it is also helpful to learn about the parts of speech:

A noun names a person, animal, place, thing, quality, idea, activity, or

feeling. A noun can be singular, plural, or show possession.
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, like: I, you, or
they.
A verb shows action and can be a main verb or a helping verb, like: were
or has. Verbs also indicate tense and sometimes change their form to show
past, present, or future tense. Linking verbs link the subject to the rest of the
sentence and examples are: appear and seem.
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. It adds meaning by telling how
much, which one, what kind, or describing it in other ways.
An adverb will modify a verb and tell more about it, like how much, when,
where, why, or how.
A preposition shows a relationship between nouns or pronouns. It is often
used with a noun to show location, like: beside, in, or on. It can also show
time, direction, motion, manner, reason, or possession.
Conjunctions connect two words, phrases, or clauses, and common ones
are: and, but, and or.
Mention needs to be made about other types of words that are considered by
some, but not all, to be parts of speech.
One of them is the interjection. It shows emotion and examples are: yea,
hurray, uh-oh, and alas.
Articles are very useful little words that are also sometimes considered to
be parts of speech. The articles are: a, an, and the. Indefinite articles are
a and an and the is a definite article.
Punctuation
To fully understand basic grammar rules, you also need to look at punctuation
rules.

All sentences must start with a capital, or upper case, letter.

Titles of people, books, magazines, movies, specific places, etc. are
capitalized.
Organizations and compass points are capitalized.
Every sentence needs a punctuation mark at the end of it. These would
include a period, exclamation mark, or question mark.
Colons are used to separate a sentence from a list of items, between two
sentences when the second one explains the first, and to introduce a long direct
quote.
Semicolons are used to take the place of a conjunction and are placed
before introductory words like therefore or however. They are also used to
separate a list of things if there are commas within each unit.

There are a lot of rules for commas. The basic ones are commas separate
things in a series and go wherever there is a pause in the sentence. They
surround the name of a person being addressed, separate the day of the month
from the year in a date, and separate a town from the state.
Parentheses enclose things that clarify and enclose numbers and letters
that are part of a list. Apostrophes are used in contractions to take the place of
one or more letters and to show possession. An apostrophe and s is added if
the noun is singular and an apostrophe alone is added if the noun is plural.
So, now you know some basic grammar rules and you'll be well on your way to
becoming
a
grammar
expert.
Present Tense (SIMPLE):

With Singular- Verb + (S)

With Plural- Verb Only

I /They/ We/You Work, He /She/ It (Object, Plan Etc) Works (1st Form Of
Verb)
(CONTINUOUS Tense: + ING)
I Am Working, We/They/You Are Working, And He/She/It Is Working Or It
Is Being Done
I /They/We/You Do, He/She /It Does.
I /We/They/You Dont, He/She/It Doesnt (NEGATION)
Do I/They/We/You? Does He/She/It? (QUESTION)
PRESENT PERFECT
I/We/ They/You- Have/Havent
For E.G-I Have Done (3rd Form Of Verb)
He/She/It- Has/Hasnt
For E.G-He Has Done (3rd Form Of Verb)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I/We/ They/You- Have / Havent Been Verb + Ing
He/She/It- Has/ Hasnt BeenVerb + Ing
It Has Been Done (3rd Form Of Verb)
Have Had And Has Had Are Used When Something/Work Is Carried On
From Past In To The Present.
PAST TENSE
(Simple Present)Is Was (Simple Past)
I /He/She/It Was/ Wasnt
I Saw, Ate, Drank Etc (2nd Form Of Verb)
(Simple Present)Are Were (Simple Past)
We/You/They Were/ Werent
We Saw, Ate, Drank Etc (2nd Form Of Verb)
For Question In Simple Past- Did You..+ 1st Form Of Verb?
E.G- Did Mary Dance In A Musical?
Past Continuous
I /He/She/It-- Was/ Wasnt Verb+ Ing
We/You/They-- Were/ Werent Verb + Ing
Past Perfect-When Something/Work Started And Ended In Past Tense
Only
I/We/You/They/He/She/It- Had + 3rd Form Of Verb

E.G I Had Done My Homework Yesterday. Sometimes We Use Had Had

When We Are Too Sure About The Happening.
Past Perfect Continuous- When Something / Work Got Started And Went
On In Past Tense But Not Ended.
I/We/You/They/He/She/It- Had Been Verb+ Ing.
For Question- Had You Completed/ Been Completing Your Work..?
FUTURE TENSE
Please Study The Will/Shall & Going To Usage To Know When And How
We Use These Words.
I/We/You/They/He/She/It- Will + 1st Form Of Verb
They Will DoI/We Shall Do (1st Form Of Verb)
It Will Be Done (3rd Form Of Verb With IT)
For Future Continuous
I/We/You/They/He/She/It- Will Be & Verb+ Ing
Future PerfectNote We Rarely Use Future Perfect Tense Only When We Are Confident
About Future.
I/We- Shall Have + 3rd Form Of Verb
You/They/He/She/It- Will Have + 3rd Form Of Verb
Future Perfect Continuous: Will/ Shall Have Been & Verb + Ing.
When to the following words:1. Then usually related to Time it used with adverb e.g:- go straight and
then turn left
2. Than for comparison e.g:- Money is better than Poverty
3. Among used for more than 2 things
4. Between - used for two things
5. Accept verb (to receive ) she accepted my gift
6. Except conjunction (apart from ) she can eat everything except beef
7. Affect- (verb) influence something
8. Effect- noun always followed by a/an/the impact of something
Trick is to remember that affect comes first alphabetically, and an action
(to affect) has to occur before you can have a result (an effect).
9. Their is a possessive adjective which is used before a noun. It shows
possession, that something belongs to them.
10.There means in that place

The saying "The camera never lies." has been with us almost since the beginning
of photography yet we all now know that it can, and does lie, and very
convincingly. Yet most of us still seem to trust the truth of a photographic image especially in our newspapers or on TV news reports - even though we may
question its message. We think of photographs as an accurate reflection of
unaltered reality. We're convinced of this when we take unposed snaps on our
family holidays or of colleagues the worse for wear at the office party. It is this
property of photography that makes it hard to question the evidence before our
eyes.
Our holiday snaps, though, like photographs showing life ten, fifty, a hundred
years ago, tend only to bring about at most a feeling of nostalgia - not always a
negative emotion.
Many people keep albums to relive the better moments of their lives - and their
impact is reduced by the fact that what they show is over, part of history. News
photos, on the other hand, in presenting moments of an event that is probably
still going on somewhere, must provoke a more vivid, emotional response.
Ans:-