Design Miniaturization of Microstrip Patch Antenna

Based Complementary Split Ring Resonator

Metamaterial Cells for WiMAX Applications
Nurul Khaerani Hamzidah, Dina Mariani, Fitri Farida, Eko Setijadi
Multimedia Telecommunication, Department of Electrical Engineering
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya (60111), Indonesian
e-mail: nurul.khaerani13@mhs.ee.its.ac.id, ekoset@ee.its.ac.id
AbstractDesign of microstrip antenna rectangular-shaped
and microstrip antenna with CSRR metamaterial cells have
specifications same and operating frequency at 3.5 GHz for
WiMAX applications. Based on the simulation results obtained
microstrip antenna with CSRR metamaterial cells has better
than performance conventional microstrip antenna in terms of
return loss, VSWR, directivity and radiation pattern. Antenna
design results to indicate that shown of cells in CSRR
metamaterial antenna can miniaturization of antenna dimensions
by 39.57 %. Microstrip antenna with metamaterial cells is also
expected to be applied to WiMAX with bandwidth obtained from
the simulation results.
KeywordsCSRR
antenna, WiMAX

metamaterial

I.

cells,

miniaturization

of

INTRODUCTION

Telecommunications technology is increasing progressive

with wireless communications will significantly integrated
system of smaller, low power and inexpensive. One of the
wireless technologies that exist today is WiMAX technology
offers telecommunications services with a wide bandwidth and
bit rate are large with high speed and wide range. To support
this WiMAX technology needed an antenna that has a small
size, light weight and portable. Antenna ideal for this
application is a microstrip antenna [1], [2]. In addition to the
advantages of microstrip antenna has the disadvantage that
narrow bandwidth, directivity and gain small and low
efficiency. Therefore we need a method to produce an antenna
that has a better performance in terms of dimensions, function,
and design applications based metamaterial antenna.
Metamaterial antenna is a type of antenna that utilizes the
material properties of metamaterial to improve the
performance of the antenna system. This antenna design aims
to improve radiation and electromagnetic waves in free space.
This antenna is made of artificial materials and structures
which have different physical properties than usual microstrip
antenna. This antenna can improve the antenna radiation by
95% from the input signal [3], [8]. Metamaterial antennas
capable of operating up to 1/50 times the size of the signal
wavelength and has size smaller than usual antenna. The
metamaterial antenna also easily fabricated and has small
dimensions so it suitable for miniaturization of antennas. One

type of metamaterial that used is metamaterial CSRR [10],

[11]. This method utilizes metamaterial properties of a
material with advantages that size is very small, increase gain,
and widen the bandwidth.
Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) is
complementer elements of SRR. CSRR produce negative
permittivity and LH (left-handed) are formed by replacing
metal split ring resonator (SRR) into gaps and otherwise gap
SRR element is replaced by strip conductors [3]. Unlike with
SRR, CSRR produce an electric field arising of current
through transmission line. Another difference in circuit each
other series of factors inductor (L) and capacitor (C) in
equivalent circuit. Based on the nature and characterization,
CSRR elements consist of two types, namely CSRR structure
with permittivity and negative permeability or called LeftHanded Metamaterials (LHM) and negative permittivity
CSRR structure [3], [5], [6]. CSRR element consists of single
SRR cell has pair of closed loop or ring slot with a split at
each end. Loop or slot ring is made of non-magnetic metals
such as copper and has a small gap between the ends. Loop
can be concentric or rectangular, and small gaps as needed.
This element produces magnetic flux which penetrates the
metal ring and induces current in the ring or ring slot [7], [9].

Figure 1. Structure and equivalent circuit of CSRR square [8].

In this paper described design and results of the simulation

parameters of the microstrip antenna based CSRR

metamaterial which operates at frequency 3.5 GHz using

software CST Microwave Studio 2014. This design is
expected to improve the performance of
antenna,
miniaturization of antenna and can be applied to WiMAX.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
In this section will shown design of two antennas that
conventional microstrip antenna and microstrip antennas using
metamaterial CSRR cells and operating frequency at 3.5 GHz.

B. Design of Microstrip Antenna with Metamaterial Cell

Microstrip antennas using CSRR metamaterial cell
designed to have the same parameters as the conventional
microstrip antenna with the addition of CSRR metamaterial
cells with size cell geometry shown in Table II.
TABLE II. GEOMETRY OF CSRR METAMATERIAL CELL
Geometry of CSRR Metamaterial Cell

A. Design of Microstrip Antenna

Microstrip antenna designed with a rectangular microstrip
line rationing techniques. The essential parameters of the
design are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1. SPESIFICATIONS OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
Spesifications

Magnitude

Unit

ROGERS 4360

Dielectric Constant (r)

6.15

Length of substract (L)

67.76

mm

Width of substract (W)

57.79

mm

Length of Patch (LP)

27.52

mm

Width of Patch (WP)

33.30

mm

Thickness (h)

1.60

mm

Thickness of Patch (t)

0.05

mm

Width of Feed (W0)

2.52

mm

19.675

mm

Substract

Path Length (Y0)

Split
Ring 1

Unit
(mm)

Split
Ring 2

Unit
(mm)

a1

6.00

a3

3.50

a2

5.00

a4

2.50

b1

6.00

b3

3.50

b2

5.00

b4

2.50

g1

1.016

g2

0.254

a3

g1

b3

b4

g2

b2

b1

a4
a2
a1

W
WP

Figure 3. Geometry of CSRR metamaterial cell

Patch
Substrat

52.00 mm

Gound Plane

27.52 mm

Lp

27.52 mm

45.50 mm

Y0

Patch
Substrat
Gound Plane

t
h

Figure 2. Microstrip antenna (top view and side)

Figure 4. Design of mikrostrip antenna with CSRR metamaterial cell

III. ANALISYS AND SIMULATION RESULTS

Based on the design parameters to be obtained
conventional microstrip antenna and microstrip antenna with
metamaterial cell CSRR of simulation results using CST
Microwave Studio 2014 are shown as follows.
A. Return Loss and VSWR
Design and simulation results are to be obtained return loss
graph conventional microstrip antenna and microstrip antenna
with metamaterial cell CSRR operating frequency at 3.5 GHz
shown in figures 1 and 2.

B. Directivity and Radiaton Pattern

Simulation results directivity and radiation pattern in 3D
and polar antenna is shown in Figure 7 and 8. The simulation
results shown represent the radiation on the side (phi) and
(theta) at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The microstrip antenna
obtained directivity is 6.38 dBi with maximum gain is 4.72 dB
and main lobe at an angle is 450 and is -21.70 dB while the
microstrip antenna with metamaterial cells obtained directivity
6.26 dBi with maximum gain of 3.14 dB and main lobe at an
angle 1.00 and 6.23 dB . The simulation results shown that
CSRR metamaterial cell affect the gain and radiation pattern
of antenna.

Figure 5. Simulation of return loss microstrip antenna

Figure 7. Directivity and radiation pattern of microstrip antenna

Figure 6. Simulation of return loss microstrip antenna with CSRR

metamaterial cell

Based on simulation results obtained conventional

microstrip antenna return loss is -13.42 dB VSWR is 1,556
while the microstrip antenna with metamaterial cell is -28.67
dB VSWR is 1076 as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The results of
this simulation show that the two antennas has a return loss
(<-10 dB) and the value of VSWR <2, which shows that the
designed antenna is matched when it will be fabricated.
Microstrip antenna with metamaterial cells CSRR have return
loss and VSWR better than conventional microstrip antenna.
This difference is caused by the metamaterial cells were added
to the antenna as shown in Figure 3. These results also show a
wide bandwidth of the antenna which is a conventional
microstrip antenna microstrip antenna 27.00 MHz and 25.00
MHz with a metamaterial cell.
Figure 8. Directivity and radiation pattern of microstrip antenna with CSRR
metamaterial cells

C. Miniaturization of Antenna Dimension

Based on design results obtained wide of conventional
microstrip antenna is 3915.85 mm2 while wide of microstrip
antenna with metamaterial cells CSRR is 2366.00 mm 2. This
means that shown of cells in CSRR metamaterial antenna
successfully reduced of antenna dimensions by 39.57%. So it
can be said that addition of metamaterial cell CSRR has been
successfully miniaturization of microstrip antenna [8].
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on design and simulation results obtained microstrip
antenna and microstrip antenna with metamaterial cells that
operate at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The results of return loss
and VSWR microstrip antenna with metamaterial cells CSRR
better or matching of microstrip antenna. The existence of
CSRR metamaterial cells antenna affects directivity, gain and
radiation pattern. CSRR metamaterial cells also can
miniaturization antenna dimensions by 39.57%. Microstrip
antenna with metamaterial cell is expected to be applied to
WiMAX with 25 MHz bandwidth.

Acknowledgment
The Author (NKH) thanks to Nur Ichzan AS as peer
discussion about metamaterial theory and Directorate of
Higher Education (DIKTI) which provides scholarships
BPPDN 2013 to finance for fabrication and testing in this
study.

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