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SelectionDiversity

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(14votes,average:4.64outof5)

SelectionDiversity

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byK RI S HNA S A NK A RonS E P TE MB E R 6 , 2 0 0 8

Thisisthefirstpostintheseriesdiscussingreceiverdiversityinawirelesslink.Receiver
diversityisaformofspacediversity,wheretherearemultipleantennasatthereceiver.The
presenceofreceiverdiversityposesaninterestingproblemhowdoweuseeffectivelythe
informationfromalltheantennastodemodulatethedata.Therearemultiplewaystoapproach
theproblem.Thethreetypicalapproachestobediscussedareselectiondiversity,equal

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gaincombiningandmaximalratiocombining.Inthispostwewilldiscussselection
diversity.Forthediscussion,wewillassumethatthechannelisaflatfadingRayleigh
multipathchannelandthemodulationisBPSK.

Background
1.WehaveNreceiveantennasandonetransmitantenna.
2.ThechannelisflatfadingInsimpleterms,itmeansthatthemultipathchannelhasonly
onetap.So,theconvolutionoperationreducestoasimplemultiplication.Foramorerigorous
discussiononflatfadingandfrequencyselectivefading,mayIurgeyoutoreviewChapter15.3
SignalTimeSpreadingfrom[DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS:SKLAR]
3.Thechannelexperiencedbyeachreceiveantennaisrandomlyvaryingintime.Forthe
receiveantenna,eachtransmittedsymbolgetsmultipliedbyarandomlyvaryingcomplex
number .AsthechannelunderconsiderationisaRayleighchannel,therealandimaginary
partsof areGaussiandistributedhavingmean0andvariance1/2.
4.Thechannelexperiencebyeachreceiveantennaisindependentfromthechannel
experiencedbyotherreceiveantennas.
5.Oneachreceiveantenna,thenoise

hastheGaussianprobabilitydensityfunctionwith

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with

and

GATE2012ECEQ7(digital)

Thenoiseoneachreceiveantennaisindependentfromthenoiseontheotherreceive
antennas.
6.Ateachreceiveantenna,thechannel isknownatthereceiver.Forexample,onthe
receiveantenna,equalizationisperformedatthereceiverbydividingthereceivedsymbol
bytheaprioriknown i.e.

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DiversityAn
MimoAntenna
Fading

Tag

where
istheadditivenoisescaledbythechannelcoefficient.
7.Inthepresenceofchannel

,theinstantaneousbitenergytonoiseratioat

http://www.dsplog.com/2008/09/06/receiverdiversityselectiondiversity/

2012Alamouti
AWGNBPSKCapacity
16PSK 16QAM 802.11a

receive

CommunicationconferenceDigitalDiversity

ECEelectromagneticseyediagramfirstorder
GATE

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antennais

FSK

.Fornotationalconvenience,letusdefine,

GATEGray

modulator

noiseNyquistOFDMPAMpdf

phasephase_noisePSKpulseshaping

QAMraisedcosineRayleighSICSTBC

Fromthediscussiononchisquarerandomvariable,weknowthat,if
distributedrandomvariable,then
freedom.Thepdfof

IISc interpolation

machine_learningMathMIMOMLMMSE

isaRayleigh

TETRA transmitter Viterbi ZF

isachisquaredrandomvariablewithtwodegreesof

is

Ratings

.
SymbolErrorRate(SER)forQPSK(4QAM)
modulation
(5.00outof5)
BERforBPSKinISIchannelwithMMSE
equalization
(5.00outof5)

Whatisselectiondiversity?
Considerascenariowherewehaveasingleantennafortransmissionandmultipleantennas
atthereceiver(asshowninthefigurebelow).

ChiSquareRandomVariable
of5)

(5.00out

UsingToeplitzmatricesinMATLAB
(5.00outof5)
IQimbalanceintransmitter
5)

(5.00outof

Biterrorratefor16PSKmodulationusingGray
mapping
(5.00outof5)
Signaltoquantizationnoiseinquantizedsinusoidal
(5.00outof5)
BERforBPSKinISIchannelwithZeroForcing
equalization
(5.00outof5)
About

(5.00outof5)

NegativeFrequency

(5.00outof5)

Categories

SelectCategory

Figure:Receivediversityinawirelesslink
AtthereceiverwehavenowNcopiesofthesametransmittedsymbol.Whichthenposesthe
problemhowtoeffectivelycombinethemtoreliablyrecoverthedata.

Archives

SelectMonth

SelectiondiversityapproachisonewayoutWithselectiondiversity,thereceiverselects
theantennawiththehighestreceivedsignalpowerandignoreobservationsfromtheother
antennas.Thechosenreceiveantennaisonewhichgives

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OutageprobabilityinSelectionDiversity
TheequationsinthepostrefersthenoteonReceivediversitybyProf.RaviRajAdve.
Toanalyzethebiterrorrate,letusfirstfindtheoutageprobabilityonthe
receiveantenna.
Outageprobabilityistheprobabilitythatthebitenergytonoiseratiofallsbelowathreshold.
Theprobabilityofoutageon
receiveantennais,

isthedefinedthresholdforbitenergytonoiseratio.

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InNreveiveantennacase,theprobabilitythatallbitenergytonoiseratioonallthereceive
antennaarebelowthethreshold

is,
,

where
arethebitenergytonoiseratioonthe1st,2ndandsoontilltheNthreceive
antenna.
Sincethechanneloneachantennaisassumedtoindependent,thejointprobabilityisthe
productofindividualprobabilities.

Notethattheequationabovedefinestheprobabilitythattheeffectivebitenergytonoiseratio
withNreceiveantennas(letscall )islowerthanthethreshold
.Thisisinfactthe
cumulativedistribuitionfunction(CDF)of .Theprobabilitydensityfunction(PDF)isthenthe
deriviateoftheCDF.

GiventhatweknowthePDFof

,theaverageoutputbitenergytonoiseratiois,
Comment
KrishnaSankaronDownloadfreeebookonerror
probabilityinAWGN
rohinionDownloadfreeebookonerrorprobability
inAWGN

yousifonAlamoutiSTBCwith2receiveantenna
KrishnaSankaronMIMOwithZeroForcing
equalizer
KrishnaSankaronBitErrorRate(BER)forBPSK
modulation

Idonotknowhowtoreducetheaboveintegraltothissimplesum.
Thismeansthat,
withtworeceiveantennastheeffectivebitenergytonoiseratiois1.5times

KrishnaSankaronMIMOwithMMSEequalizer

withthreereceiveantennas,theeffectivebitenergytonoiseratiois1.833times

withfourreceiveantennas,theeffectivebitenergytonoiseratiois2times

KrishnaSankaronBERforBPSKinISIchannel
withZeroForcingequalization

andsoon.

IfyourecalltheresultsfromtheAWGNwithreceivediversitycase,
EffectivebitenergytonoiseratioinaNreceiveantennacaseisNtimesthebitenergyto
noiseratioforsingleantennacase.

TopRatedposts
BitErrorRate(BER)forBPSKmodulation54
votes
BERforBPSKinRayleighchannel33votes
BERforBPSKinOFDMwithRayleighmultipath
channel32votes
AlamoutiSTBC29votes
MaximalRatioCombining(MRC)29votes

WithselectiondiversityweareseeingthattheeffectiveSNRimprovementisnotalinear
improvementwithincreasingthenumberofreceiveantennas.Thereturnsdiminish.

http://www.dsplog.com/2008/09/06/receiverdiversityselectiondiversity/

UnderstandinganOFDMtransmission21votes
DownloadfreeebookonerrorprobabilityinAWGN
21votes

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PeaktoAveragePowerRatioforOFDM20votes
MIMOwithMMSEequalizer19votes
MIMOwithZeroForcingequalizer19votes

Figure:SNRgainwithselectiondiversity
ClickheretodownloadMatlab/OctavescriptforcomputingtheeffectiveSNRinRalyeigh
channelwithselectiondiversity

BitErrorprobabilitywithselectiondiversity
Ifyourecall,inthepostonBERcomputationinAWGN,withbitenergytonoiseratioof

thebiterrorrateforBPSKinAWGNisderivedas

Giventhattheeffectivebitenergytonoiseratiowithselectiondiversityis ,thetotalbiterror
rateistheintegraloftheconditionalBERintegratedoverallpossiblevaluesof .

Thisequationreducesto

ReferEquation11.24inSection11.3.2PerformancewithSelectioncombiningin[DIGCOMM
BARRYLEEMESSERSCHMITT].Again,Idonotknowtheproof

BERSimulationModel
TheMatlab/Octavescriptperformsthefollowing
(a)Generaterandombinarysequenceof+1sand1s.
(b)MultiplythesymbolswiththechannelandthenaddwhiteGaussiannoise.

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(c)Atthereceiver,findthereceivepathwithmaximumpower
(d)Chosethatreceivepath,equalize(divide)thereceivedsymbolswiththeknownchannel
(d)Performharddecisiondecodingandcountthebiterrors
(e)Repeatformultiplevaluesof

andplotthesimulationandtheoreticalresults.

ClickheretodownloadMatlab/OctavescriptforsimulatingBERforBPSKinRayleighchannel
withselectiondiversity

Figure:BERplotforBPSKinRayleighchannelwithSelectionDiversity

Observations
Around16dBimprovementat

BERpointbywithtworeceiveantennaselectiondiversity

References
ReceivediversityNotesbyProf.RavirajAdve
[DIGCOMMBARRYLEEMESSERSCHMITT]DigitalCommunication:ThirdEdition,byJohn
R.Barry,EdwardA.Lee,DavidG.Messerschmitt
Happylearning.

Relatedposts:

MaximalRatio
Combining(MRC)

EqualGain
Combining(EGC)

Receivediversity
inAWGN

Transmit
beamforming

Taggedas:BPSK,Diversity,PSK,Rayleigh

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DiversityDiversity

idyoulikethisarticle?Makesurethatyoudonotmissanewarticlebysubscribing
to RSS feed OR subscribing to email newsletter. Note: Subscribing via email
entitlesyoutodownloadthefreeeBookonBERofBPSK/QPSK/16QAM/16PSKinAWGN.

{56commentsreadthembeloworaddone}

bhusan

February3,2013at8:30pm

Hi,sir.Inselectiondiversity,Youhavecalculatedtheeffectivesnras:
EbN0EffSim(ii,jj)=mean(hSel.*conj(hSel))
EbN0EffThoery(ii,jj)=sum(1./[1:nRx(jj)])
ButIthinkitshouldbe
EbN0EffSim(ii,jj)=mean(ySel.*conj(ySel))/nRx(jj)
EbN0EffThoery(ii,jj)=(1+(nRx(jj)1)*pi/4)
IfiamwrongpleasehelpmeoutandtellmethereasonofusinghSelinstaedofySeal.
ThankYou.
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

February5,2013at5:51am

@bhusan:ThetermySelincludestheeffectofnoisetoo.AsIdidnotwantto
factorintheeffectofnoise,usedhSel.
Howisthepi/4termcoming?
REPLY

zeyad

January27,2013at2:13am

Hisir
arethereceivingdiversities(e.gMRCEGC)designedforSIMOsystemonly?oritisusedin
MIMOsystem?ImeandoestheSTBCdecoderactsasreceivingdiversity?
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

February1,2013at5:17am

@zeyad:AsimpleSTBCdecoderwith2transmitantennaand1receive
antenna.Itisexploitingthediversity,butIreckonitwouldfallintothetransmitdiversity
bucket.

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REPLY

yangkai

November13,2012at11:36am

DearSankar,
Ihavereadsomeofyourtopics.Itswonderful!Itseasytounderstandforfreshman.
Therearetwounsolvedproblemsinthispost.MaybeIcangiveyousomeadvice.
1.theaverageoutputbitenergytonoiseratio
ThefinalresultcanbederivedbyusingMathematicalinduction[R1].
2.thetotalbiterrorrate
Afterexpanding$[1exp(\gamma/(Eb/N0))]^{N1}$andwiththeaidof[R2,eq.(5A.2)],the
finalequationcanbesolvedaftersomemanipulations.
Goodluck.
yangkai
[R1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_induction
[R2]M.K.SimonandM.S.Alouini,DigitalCommunicationoverFadingChannelsAUnified
ApproachtoPerformanceAnalysis
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

November18,2012at7:08am

@yangakai:Thanksmuch.
REPLY

Soumya

September27,2012at12:13pm

HiSir,
Yourpostshavebeensohelpfultome.Thanksalot.
Ihaveaquestion,ifhavetocombineselectiondiversityandEqualgaincombiningi.eSC2,
whatmodificationshavetobedone?
Itriedalot,butmyresultsseemtobewrong.
Pleasehelp.
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

October1,2012at6:43am

@Soumya:Sorry,didnotunderstandyourquestion.Didyoumeanhavingthe
twosetofresultsinthesameplot?
REPLY

Soumya

October1,2012at8:37am

Imeant,ifthereareLbranches,2brancheswiththebestSNR(i.esecond
orderselectioncombining)willbeselectedandcombinedusingEGC
PleaseHelp..
REPLY

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KrishnaSankar

October5,2012at5:15am

@Soumya:Aah,amhopingthatyouwillbeabletoadapttheexisting
matlabcode(s)onSelectionDiversityandEqualGainCombiningtomeetyour
requirements.
http://www.dsplog.com/2008/09/06/receiverdiversityselectiondiversity/
http://www.dsplog.com/2008/09/19/equalgaincombining/
REPLY

Soumya

October6,2012at7:59pm

hisir,itriedalotbutiamnotabletofindthesecondhighestSNR
properly..howdoidothat?
Pleaseguideme..

Navneet

June24,2012at1:16am

Hi!
WillyoupleaseguidemeonHowcanweimplementdifferentdiversityschemeslike
frequency,time,spatialdiversityonAwgnandRayleighchannelincaseofBPSKand
QPSK??
Thanks..
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

June26,2012at6:18am

@Navneet:Pleaselookat
http://www.dsplog.com/tag/diversity
REPLY

SuchitaChatterjee

June2,2012at10:30am

HelloSir,
yoursiteisreallyhelpful.IamdoingmyresearchinTurbocodedOFDMoverfrequency
selectivefadingchannelsIamusing1/2and1/3rateturbocodestoreduceBER..Could
youhelpmeon1/3rateturbocodes????
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

July2,2012at5:12am

@Suchita:Sorry,IhavenotyetpostedanythingonTurbocodes
REPLY

alighori

December12,2011at7:05am

justwanasay4allofurtopics..simplyawsm.GODBLESSU
REPLY

paritosh

February19,2011at12:12am

AwesomeManthatreallyhelpedmeout,bookmarkingyouthankyousomuch
REPLY

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M.Ahmed

September4,2010at2:36pm

Dearkrishna,
HowcouldDPSKbeimplementedinSelectiondiversity?andhowtobesimulated?
thanksinadvance
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

September6,2010at5:13am

@Ahmed:Shouldbepossible.Ihavenottriedthough
REPLY

M.Ahmad

September4,2010at7:08am

Dearkrishna,
HowcouldDPSKbeimplementedinSelectiondiversity?
thanksinadvance
REPLY

kimos_kh

March4,2010at9:31pm

Please,CanyougivemeamatlabprogramforMxNMIMOOFDMsystemthat
transmittingindependentdatastreamsfromeachantenna(Spatialmultiplexing)
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

March30,2010at4:32am

@kimos_kh:IhavenotdiscussedtheMxNMIMOOFDMcase.However,you
canfindarticleson22MIMOcaseathttp://www.dsplog.com/tag/mimo
REPLY

vijayendradesai

December20,2009at5:25pm

ihavedoubtinthisprogram/
1)whysameequationfortheAWGNnoiseandRaylaigthchannel.
2)howcanwefindpowerusingthisequation:hPower=h.*conj(h)
pleasehelpmeassoonaspossible.
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

December23,2009at5:45am

@vijayendra:Myreplies
1)WheredidyouseethesameequationforAWGNandRayleighchannel?
2)Assumeh=a+jb.h*conj(h)=(a+jb)*(ajb)=a^2+b^2==>powerofh
REPLY

ObinnaO

December2,2009at8:30am

KrishnaPillai,
Hellossir,

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IamtoldtoassumeRayleighfadingchannelwithBPSKmodulation.UsingMATLAB
plotbiterrorprobability(BEP)undercoherentandnoncoherentdetection
whenreceiverisequippedwiththreeantennastoexploitdiversity.
Yourfigureswillincludeplotsfromsimulation.UseaverageSNR(complex)
from5to20dB.
Pleasehelpmeresolvethis,thankyousomuch
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

December7,2009at5:06am

@ObinnaO:Hopeyouhavefinishedtheprojectbynow.
REPLY

ObinnaO

December8,2009at7:58am

Nosir,
Ihavenot,Iwasawaitingyourreplyandassistance.Iamstillinneedofyour
assistance.
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

December10,2009at5:35am

@Obinna:Pleasetakealookat
a)BERforBPSKinflatfadingRayleighchannel
http://www.dsplog.com/2008/08/10/berbpskrayleighchannel/
b)BERforBPSKusingselectiondiversityinflatfadingRayleighchannel(tworx
antenna)
http://www.dsplog.com/2008/09/06/receiverdiversityselectiondiversity/
REPLY

ObinnaO

December11,2009at7:33am

Thankyousomuchsir.Itwasveryhelpful

BhaveshNeekhra

November4,2009at9:08am

HiKrishna,
Thanksforthewellwrittenpost.
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

November8,2009at8:49am

@Bhavesh:Thanks
REPLY

Ayazkorea

September14,2009at10:15am

Antennaselectioncanbeimplementedatbothtransmitandreceiveends.
InTransmitantennaselection(TAS),Sourcehasmultipleantennasandreceiverhassingle
anenna,withthefeedbackinformationfromthereceivertosource,thesingleantennawill
beselectedfortranmissionwhichhashighetSNR.
ThePDFandCDFofbothschemesaresame,sowecansaythattheperofrmanceofboth
shouldbesame.

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Forexample
InSC,thereceiverselectsthelargestSNRbranch,i.e,
SNR_SC=max[h1,h2,...hk]
InTAS,throughthefeedbackinformationfromreceivertosource,thesourcewillselectone
ofitsantennafortransmission,whichhashighestSNR,i.e,
SNR_TAS=max[h1,h2,...hk]
So,onlysinglechannelwillbeseenbyreceiverfromtranmitantennasamogall.
AboutPDFthisdefinationisvalidforboth:
Theprobabilitydensityfunctionofselectingthelargestrandomvariableamogk
independentandidenticallyrandomvariablescanbewritenas:
PDF=k[pdfofSNRofsinglechannel]^k1*cdfofsinglechannel
Ithinkucangetmypointnow,furtherdiscussionwillbewelcomed
References:
[1]ShupingChen,PerformanceofAmplifyandForwardMIMORelayChannelswith
TransmitAntennaSelectionandMaximalRatioCombining2009.WCNC2009.IEEE
[2]ZhuoChen,Analysisoftransmitantennaselection/maximalratiocombininginRayleigh
fadingchannels,July2005,IEEE
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

September18,2009at5:30am

@Ayazkorea:Thanks,Igotyou.Yesweselectthebesttransmitantennaoutof
h1,h2,h3.Sothefinalchannelmodelissameinbothtransmitselectionandreceive
selection.Iagreewithyourcomments.
REPLY

Ayazkorea

September13,2009at10:44pm

Accordingtomystudy,thereisnodifferenceinperformanceofTransmitAntenna
Selection(atsource)andSelectionDiversity(atdestination),wetherbyimplementingthe
multipleantennasatsourceordestination,(liketransmitbeamformingandreceive
beamforming)
Areyouagreewiththis??????
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

September14,2009at5:37am

@Ayazkorea:Ididnotquiteunderstand,howyoudothetransmitselection?
Whenwesendfrommultipletransmitantennas,thenewchannelasseenbythesingle
antennareceiveris
y=(h1+h2+h3)x+n,where
h1,h2,h3arechannelseenbythereceiverfromtransmitantenna1,2,3respectively.
Agree?
Inthiscase,howdowedotheselection?
REPLY

Ayhem

August26,2009at3:59pm

couldyoupleaseexplain:howyouhavemodelwhiteGaussiannoiseasatwo
randomvariablesmultiblyedbyEb/No??
asyouhavegivenRaylieynoisethecode(h)andwhiteGaussiannoise(n)whiletheyare
boththesame.

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doyouhaveareferencyouhavebasedoninyourmodel
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

September7,2009at5:07am

@Ayhem:Thisconceptisdiscussedinmosttextbooksondigital
communications.YoumayreferDigitalCommunicationsbyJohnProakis.
Wikireferences:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_fading
REPLY

bluray

August26,2009at9:05am

MayIknowwhattypeofreallifeapplicationsusessimo?Ishandphone(1antenna)
tobasestation(manyantenna)1oftheapplication?
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

September7,2009at4:57am

@bluray:Yes,uplinkcommunication(handphonetobasestation)isavalid
application.However,infuture,wemightbeseeinghandphoneswithmultipleantennas

REPLY

wayan

June1,2009at7:28am

whatisdifferentsymboleerorratewithbiterrorrate
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

June7,2009at1:56pm

@wayan:Bysymbol,wetypicallyrefertotheconstellationsymbolasdefinedby
themodulationschemelikeBPSK,QPSK,16QAM,16PSKetc.Bysymbolerrorrate,we
countthenumberoferrorswherethereceivedconstellationsymboldiffersfromthe
transmittedconstellation.
Eachconstellationsymbolmaycorrespondtoagroupofbits.So,eachsymbolerrormay
constituteoneormorebiterrors.
ThepostonBERwith16QAMshouldbehelpfultounderstandtheconcept
http://www.dsplog.com/2008/06/05/16qambiterrorgraymapping/
Goodluck.
REPLY

lila

May20,2009at7:03pm

hellokhrisnahowtodiversityselectioninriciabfadingchannelpleasee
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

May22,2009at5:29am

@lila:IhavenottriedmodelinginRicianfadingchannel.However,Iwouldthink

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thattheconceptremainsthesamechosethepathwithhighersignaltonoiseratio
REPLY

mr.Bean

May3,2009at11:06pm

Thankyouforallyourposts.Nootherwayiseasiertostartmatlabinwireless
communicationaseffectiveasreadingyourposts.
Iwishyouallthebest,andhopethatultimatecodingtechniqueswillbediscussedfurther
suchas:LDPC,TurboCoding,
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

May12,2009at5:02am

@Mr.Bean:Thanks,kindwordsindeed.
Sure,IdohopetomoveontoLDPC,Turbodecodingetc(assoonasIlearnthem))
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

May12,2009at5:02am

@Mr.Bean:Thanks,kindwordsindeed.
Sure,IdohopetomoveontoLDPC,Turbodecodingetc(assoonasIlearnthem))
REPLY

debabandana

March19,2009at2:24pm

howtoreliaseselectioncombinationwithQAM16modulationpleasehelpmesir
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

March21,2009at3:57pm

@debabandana:Ithinkitshouldbereasonablyeasyforyoutoadaptthecodein
thispostSelectiondiversitywithBPSKto16QAMcase.ForBER/SERwith16QAM,you
maylook@
(a)http://www.dsplog.com/2007/12/09/symbolerrorratefor16qam/
(b)http://www.dsplog.com/2008/06/05/16qambiterrorgraymapping/
Hopethishelps
REPLY

well

March13,2009at9:03am

hi,,
iwanttoknowandineedhelpaboutBERforQPSKinrayleighandricianfadingchannel
withselectiondiversity,,wouldyoupleaseexplaintome..
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

March21,2009at7:43am

@well:ThispostdiscussBERforBPSKinRayleighchannelwithselection
diversity.IwouldthinkitwouldbereasonablyeasytoadapttoQPSKcase.
IhavenottriedmodelingRicianchannel.Plantodosoinfuture.
REPLY

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Stefan

SelectionDiversity
February23,2009at7:15am

CanyouhelpmeaboutSIRbasedselectiondiversityscript?
HowtoimplementtheseschemeswithNakagamimandalfamufadingdistribution?
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

February24,2009at5:31am

@Stefan:IhavenottriedmodelingtheNakagamimoralfamufadingmodel.
Youmayuse,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakagami_distribution
Iwouldthinkthattheselectionalgorithmstillremainsthesame.Itsonlythenoiseand
channelmodelwhichchanges.
REPLY

Bhumika

February6,2009at11:41pm

CanyoutellmehowtoimplementtheseschemeswithRicianfadingdistribution?
REPLY
KrishnaSankar

February10,2009at8:01pm

@Bhumika:Ithinkthealgorithmfordoingtheselectiondiversitystillremainsthe
same.ItisthechannelmodelwhichchangesfromRayleightoRician.Ihavenotstudied
themodelingofRicianchannel.
REPLY

Mohammad

August16,2010at3:21am

sorryIread,notwrote
REPLY

KrishnaSankar

October8,2012at5:31am

@Soumya:Findthereceivedpoweroneachantennaandsortthem
REPLY

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ReceiverdiversityEqualGainCombining(EGC)
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P R E V I O U S P O S T: BERforBPSKinOFDMwithRayleighmultipathchannel
N E X T P O S T: EqualGainCombining(EGC)

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