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2. One-Electron Atoms
3. Multi-electron atoms
5. Theoretical Yield
(8 points) _______________
Name ___________________________________
TAs : Whitney and Allena
nf = 2
nf = 3
nf = 4
increasing
A
(a) (8 points) Draw an energy level diagram of the allowed states of a He1+ cation. The lowest energy
state should be at the bottom of the diagram and the highest energy state should be at the top. Label the
states with the appropriate quantum number(s). Then, draw lines between the participating states that
give rise to the emission lines labeled A, B, and C in the above diagram. (You do NOT need to calculate
energy values!)
(b) (8 points) A He1+ (helium cation) emits photons with an energy of 1.63 x 10-18 J when the electron
drops from an excited state to the n = 2 state. Calculate the principal quantum number of the initial
state of the electron. (You do not need to solve part (a) to answer this question.)
= Z2RH/h [(1/nf2) (1/ni2)]
E = Z2RH [(1/nf2) (1/ni2)]
and
E = h
nf = 2
ni = ?
Z=2
1.63 x 10-18 J = (4)2.1799 x 10-18 J [(1/4) (1/ni2)]
0.1869 = 0.25 1/ ni2
1/ni2 = 0.0630
ni = 3.98
ni = 4
(c) (4 points) Suppose the same transition as in part (b) took place in a Na10+ cation. Would the
wavelength of the emitted light be greater than, less than, or the same as the emission described in part
(b). Very briefly explain why. (No calculation is needed to answer this question.)
higher Z, so greater energy of light emitted.
higher energy light
(b) (9 points) Give the electron configuration expected for the following atoms or ions. (You may use the
noble gas configuration as a means to abbreviate the full configuration.)
(i) Ga (Z = 31)
[Ar]4s23d104p1
(ii) Cr (Z = 24)
[Ar]4s13d5
[Ne]3s23p1
or
[Ar] 3d104s24p1
(c) (6 points) Circle the atom or ion in each of the following pairs with the higher ionization energy.
(i)
or S
(ii) Sn2+ or Sn
(iii) C or N
(d) (4 points) Very briefly explain why the IE of C1- is higher than the IE of N1-.
Losing an electron from N1- goes from one set of paired electrons in p orbitals to all unpaired p orbitals
(pairing energy). This causes a glitch from p3 to p4 filled atoms or ions.
(e) (3 point ) Name one ion that is isoelectric with the chloride anion (Cl1-).
100+ possible correct answers. Ie. Ar, S2-, K+, etc.
(g) (6 points) Determine the number of electrons in a single atom that can have the following quantum
numbers.
(i) n = 3
total orbitals = 9, so total possible electrons = 18
(ii) n = 4, ml = +2
n = 4, l = 3 or 2, ml = +2
2 orbitals, so 4 electrons
5. (8 points) Limiting Reagent and Theoretical Yield
Consider the following reaction: Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O
(a) What is the limiting reagent if 0.7 mol each of Mg(OH)2 and HCl are used in the reaction?
HCl
(b) What is the theoretical yield (in mol) of MgCl2 if 0.40 mol of HCl are reacted with an excess of
Mg(OH)2?
0.20 mol
h
p
RH = 2.1799 x 10-18 J
= RH/h = 3.2898 x 1015 Hz
Z2R H
En = 2
n
Z eff 2 R H
E nl =
n2
1W = 1 J s-1
1 J = 1 kgm2s-2
1 eV = 1.6022 x 10-19 J
for s wavefunction:
RPD = 4r22dr
for nf < ni
Z2R H ! 1 1 $
v=
h #" n 2f n 2i &%
for nf > ni..
Z2R H ! 1 1 $
v=
h #" n 2i n 2f &%